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cleartomark %%EndFont %%BeginFont: CMMI9 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI9 1.100 %%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 23 07:53:55 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. 11 dict begin /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin /version (1.100) readonly def /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def /FullName (CMMI9) readonly def /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def /Weight (Medium) readonly def /ItalicAngle -14.04 def /isFixedPitch false def end readonly def /FontName /CMMI9 def /PaintType 0 def /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 58 /period put readonly def /FontBBox{-29 -250 1075 750}readonly def currentdict end currentfile eexec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cleartomark %%EndFont %%BeginFont: CMSLTT10 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSLTT10 1.0 %%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:41:43 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. 11 dict begin /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin /version (1.0) readonly def /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def /FullName (CMSLTT10) readonly def /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def /Weight (Medium) readonly def /ItalicAngle -9.46 def /isFixedPitch true def end readonly def /FontName /CMSLTT10 def /PaintType 0 def /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 39 /quoteright put dup 42 /asterisk put dup 45 /hyphen put dup 48 /zero put dup 49 /one put dup 50 /two put dup 51 /three put dup 58 /colon put dup 65 /A put dup 67 /C put dup 68 /D put dup 69 /E put dup 70 /F put dup 72 /H put dup 73 /I put dup 74 /J put dup 76 /L put dup 77 /M put dup 78 /N put dup 80 /P put dup 82 /R put dup 84 /T put dup 88 /X put dup 92 /backslash put dup 95 /underscore put dup 97 /a put dup 98 /b put dup 99 /c put dup 100 /d put dup 101 /e put dup 102 /f put dup 103 /g put dup 104 /h put dup 105 /i put dup 106 /j put dup 107 /k put dup 108 /l put dup 109 /m put dup 110 /n put dup 111 /o put dup 112 /p put dup 113 /q put dup 114 /r put dup 115 /s put dup 116 /t put dup 117 /u put dup 118 /v put dup 119 /w put dup 120 /x put dup 121 /y put readonly def /FontBBox{-20 -233 617 696}readonly def currentdict end currentfile eexec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0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 cleartomark %%EndFont %%BeginFont: CMTT9 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMTT9 1.0 %%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:46:24 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. 11 dict begin /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin /version (1.0) readonly def /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def /FullName (CMTT9) readonly def /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def /Weight (Medium) readonly def /ItalicAngle 0 def /isFixedPitch true def end readonly def /FontName /CMTT9 def /PaintType 0 def /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 33 /exclam put dup 35 /numbersign put dup 36 /dollar put dup 38 /ampersand put dup 39 /quoteright put dup 40 /parenleft put dup 41 /parenright put dup 42 /asterisk put dup 44 /comma put dup 45 /hyphen put dup 46 /period put dup 47 /slash put dup 48 /zero put dup 49 /one put dup 50 /two put dup 51 /three put dup 52 /four put dup 58 /colon put dup 59 /semicolon put dup 60 /less put dup 62 /greater put dup 63 /question put dup 64 /at put dup 65 /A put dup 66 /B put dup 67 /C put dup 68 /D put dup 69 /E put dup 70 /F put dup 71 /G put dup 72 /H put dup 73 /I put dup 75 /K put dup 76 /L put dup 77 /M put dup 78 /N put dup 79 /O put dup 80 /P put dup 82 /R put dup 83 /S put dup 84 /T put dup 85 /U put dup 86 /V put dup 87 /W put dup 88 /X put dup 89 /Y put dup 90 /Z put dup 91 /bracketleft put dup 93 /bracketright put dup 94 /asciicircum put dup 95 /underscore put dup 96 /quoteleft put dup 97 /a put dup 98 /b put dup 99 /c put dup 100 /d put dup 101 /e put dup 102 /f put dup 103 /g put dup 104 /h put dup 105 /i put dup 106 /j put dup 107 /k put dup 108 /l put dup 109 /m put dup 110 /n put dup 111 /o put dup 112 /p put dup 113 /q put dup 114 /r put dup 115 /s put dup 116 /t put dup 117 /u put dup 118 /v put dup 119 /w put dup 120 /x put dup 121 /y put dup 122 /z put dup 123 /braceleft put dup 125 /braceright put dup 126 /asciitilde put readonly def /FontBBox{-6 -233 542 698}readonly def currentdict end currentfile eexec D9D66F633B846A97B686A97E45A3D0AA052A014267B7904EB3C0D3BD0B83D891 016CA6CA4B712ADEB258FAAB9A130EE605E61F77FC1B738ABC7C51CD46EF8171 9098D5FEE67660E69A7AB91B58F29A4D79E57022F783EB0FBBB6D4F4EC35014F 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0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 cleartomark %%EndFont %%BeginFont: CMR10 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMR10 1.00B %%CreationDate: 1992 Feb 19 19:54:52 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. 11 dict begin /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin /version (1.00B) readonly def /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def /FullName (CMR10) readonly def /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def /Weight (Medium) readonly def /ItalicAngle 0 def /isFixedPitch false def end readonly def /FontName /CMR10 def /PaintType 0 def /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 11 /ff put dup 12 /fi put dup 13 /fl put dup 14 /ffi put dup 33 /exclam put dup 34 /quotedblright put dup 36 /dollar put dup 37 /percent put dup 38 /ampersand put dup 39 /quoteright put dup 40 /parenleft put dup 41 /parenright put dup 44 /comma put dup 45 /hyphen put dup 46 /period put dup 47 /slash put dup 48 /zero put dup 49 /one put dup 50 /two put dup 51 /three put dup 52 /four put dup 53 /five put dup 54 /six put dup 55 /seven put dup 56 /eight put dup 57 /nine put dup 58 /colon put dup 59 /semicolon put dup 61 /equal put dup 63 /question put dup 65 /A put dup 66 /B put dup 67 /C put dup 68 /D put dup 69 /E put dup 70 /F put dup 71 /G put dup 72 /H put dup 73 /I put dup 74 /J put dup 75 /K put dup 76 /L put dup 77 /M put dup 78 /N put dup 79 /O put dup 80 /P put dup 81 /Q put dup 82 /R put dup 83 /S put dup 84 /T put dup 85 /U put dup 86 /V put dup 87 /W put dup 88 /X put dup 89 /Y put dup 90 /Z put dup 91 /bracketleft put dup 92 /quotedblleft put dup 93 /bracketright put dup 96 /quoteleft put dup 97 /a put dup 98 /b put dup 99 /c put dup 100 /d put dup 101 /e put dup 102 /f put dup 103 /g put dup 104 /h put dup 105 /i put dup 106 /j put dup 107 /k put dup 108 /l put dup 109 /m put dup 110 /n put dup 111 /o put dup 112 /p put dup 113 /q put dup 114 /r put dup 115 /s put dup 116 /t put dup 117 /u put dup 118 /v put dup 119 /w put dup 120 /x put dup 121 /y put dup 122 /z put dup 123 /endash put dup 124 /emdash put readonly def /FontBBox{-251 -250 1009 969}readonly def currentdict end currentfile eexec D9D66F633B846A97B686A97E45A3D0AA052A014267B7904EB3C0D3BD0B83D891 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0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 cleartomark %%EndFont %%BeginFont: CMCSC10 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMCSC10 1.0 %%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 18 17:46:49 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. 11 dict begin /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin /version (1.0) readonly def /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. 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All Rights Reserved. 11 dict begin /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin /version (1.0) readonly def /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def /FullName (CMBX12) readonly def /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def /Weight (Bold) readonly def /ItalicAngle 0 def /isFixedPitch false def end readonly def /FontName /CMBX12 def /PaintType 0 def /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 11 /ff put dup 12 /fi put dup 33 /exclam put dup 35 /numbersign put dup 36 /dollar put dup 39 /quoteright put dup 42 /asterisk put dup 44 /comma put dup 45 /hyphen put dup 46 /period put dup 48 /zero put dup 49 /one put dup 50 /two put dup 51 /three put dup 52 /four put dup 53 /five put dup 54 /six put dup 55 /seven put dup 56 /eight put dup 57 /nine put dup 58 /colon put dup 63 /question put dup 64 /at put dup 65 /A put dup 66 /B put dup 67 /C put dup 68 /D put dup 69 /E put dup 70 /F put dup 71 /G put dup 72 /H put dup 73 /I put dup 74 /J put dup 75 /K put dup 76 /L put dup 77 /M put dup 78 /N put dup 79 /O put dup 80 /P put dup 81 /Q put dup 82 /R put dup 83 /S put dup 84 /T put dup 85 /U put dup 86 /V put dup 87 /W put dup 88 /X put dup 89 /Y put dup 91 /bracketleft put dup 93 /bracketright put dup 96 /quoteleft put dup 97 /a put dup 98 /b put dup 99 /c put dup 100 /d put dup 101 /e put dup 102 /f put dup 103 /g put dup 104 /h put dup 105 /i put dup 106 /j put dup 107 /k put dup 108 /l put dup 109 /m put dup 110 /n put dup 111 /o put dup 112 /p put dup 113 /q put dup 114 /r put dup 115 /s put dup 116 /t put dup 117 /u put dup 118 /v put dup 119 /w put dup 120 /x put dup 121 /y put readonly def /FontBBox{-53 -251 1139 750}readonly def currentdict end currentfile eexec D9D66F633B846A97B686A97E45A3D0AA052A014267B7904EB3C0D3BD0B83D891 016CA6CA4B712ADEB258FAAB9A130EE605E61F77FC1B738ABC7C51CD46EF8171 9098D5FEE67660E69A7AB91B58F29A4D79E57022F783EB0FBBB6D4F4EC35014F D2DECBA99459A4C59DF0C6EBA150284454E707DC2100C15B76B4C19B84363758 469A6C558785B226332152109871A9883487DD7710949204DDCF837E6A8708B8 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0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 cleartomark %%EndFont %%BeginFont: CMTI10 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMTI10 1.00B %%CreationDate: 1992 Feb 19 19:56:16 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. 11 dict begin /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin /version (1.00B) readonly def /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. 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cleartomark %%EndFont %%BeginFont: CMMI10 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI10 1.100 %%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 23 07:53:57 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. 11 dict begin /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin /version (1.100) readonly def /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def /FullName (CMMI10) readonly def /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def /Weight (Medium) readonly def /ItalicAngle -14.04 def /isFixedPitch false def end readonly def /FontName /CMMI10 def /PaintType 0 def /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 58 /period put readonly def /FontBBox{-32 -250 1048 750}readonly def currentdict end currentfile eexec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cleartomark %%EndFont %%BeginFont: CMMI12 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI12 1.100 %%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 27 08:57:55 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. 11 dict begin /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin /version (1.100) readonly def /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def /FullName (CMMI12) readonly def /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def /Weight (Medium) readonly def /ItalicAngle -14.04 def /isFixedPitch false def end readonly def /FontName /CMMI12 def /PaintType 0 def /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 58 /period put readonly def /FontBBox{-30 -250 1026 750}readonly def currentdict end currentfile eexec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cleartomark %%EndFont %%BeginFont: CMSY10 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSY10 1.0 %%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 15 07:20:57 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. 11 dict begin /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin /version (1.0) readonly def /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def /FullName (CMSY10) readonly def /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def /Weight (Medium) readonly def /ItalicAngle -14.035 def /isFixedPitch false def end readonly def /FontName /CMSY10 def /PaintType 0 def /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 0 /minus put dup 13 /circlecopyrt put dup 15 /bullet put dup 33 /arrowright put dup 55 /mapsto put readonly def /FontBBox{-29 -960 1116 775}readonly def currentdict end currentfile eexec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cleartomark %%EndFont %%BeginFont: CMSL10 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSL10 1.0 %%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:40:20 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. 11 dict begin /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin /version (1.0) readonly def /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def /FullName (CMSL10) readonly def /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def /Weight (Medium) readonly def /ItalicAngle -9.46 def /isFixedPitch false def end readonly def /FontName /CMSL10 def /PaintType 0 def /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 11 /ff put dup 12 /fi put dup 14 /ffi put dup 45 /hyphen put dup 49 /one put dup 50 /two put dup 51 /three put dup 65 /A put dup 66 /B put dup 67 /C put dup 68 /D put dup 69 /E put dup 70 /F put dup 71 /G put dup 72 /H put dup 73 /I put dup 75 /K put dup 76 /L put dup 77 /M put dup 78 /N put dup 79 /O put dup 80 /P put dup 82 /R put dup 83 /S put dup 84 /T put dup 85 /U put dup 87 /W put dup 88 /X put dup 97 /a put dup 98 /b put dup 99 /c put dup 100 /d put dup 101 /e put dup 102 /f put dup 103 /g put dup 104 /h put dup 105 /i put dup 106 /j put dup 107 /k put dup 108 /l put dup 109 /m put dup 110 /n put dup 111 /o put dup 112 /p put dup 113 /q put dup 114 /r put dup 115 /s put dup 116 /t put dup 117 /u put dup 118 /v put dup 119 /w put dup 120 /x put dup 121 /y put readonly def /FontBBox{-62 -250 1123 750}readonly def currentdict end currentfile eexec D9D66F633B846A97B686A97E45A3D0AA0529731C99A784CCBE85B4993B2EEBDE 3B12D472B7CF54651EF21185116A69AB1096ED4BAD2F646635E019B6417CC77B 532F85D811C70D1429A19A5307EF63EB5C5E02C89FC6C20F6D9D89E7D91FE470 B72BEFDA23F5DF76BE05AF4CE93137A219ED8A04A9D7D6FDF37E6B7FCDE0D90B 986423E5960A5D9FBB4C956556E8DF90CBFAEC476FA36FD9A5C8175C9AF513FE D919C2DDD26BDC0D99398B9F4D03D5993DFC0930297866E1CD0A319B6B1FD958 9429B9D40924DC059325D9D4CC0344F3F997A99E6CC0676735EBCD685AAC9142 08DAFEC78BB41AFC2F1C219910BDF41D6279284EF600B69776CA15BC8A34347C 30783C52AFA60FBE3E353E2AE354CF87B558776A22C776C7A0B5AB5CE1F941EF C2D9CAC37294BF407A671F10E4743BF842143F4F7DFEE643BA3BBD8BB9E3F24A BCCF7F0ADF8BA500620C81033EAE8C4EF2C1DEF13AC575F1B3BBB66F093D3B78 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cleartomark %%EndFont %%BeginFont: CMTT10 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMTT10 1.00B %%CreationDate: 1992 Apr 26 10:42:42 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. 11 dict begin /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin /version (1.00B) readonly def /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def /FullName (CMTT10) readonly def /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def /Weight (Medium) readonly def /ItalicAngle 0 def /isFixedPitch true def end readonly def /FontName /CMTT10 def /PaintType 0 def /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 33 /exclam put dup 34 /quotedbl put dup 35 /numbersign put dup 36 /dollar put dup 37 /percent put dup 38 /ampersand put dup 39 /quoteright put dup 40 /parenleft put dup 41 /parenright put dup 42 /asterisk put dup 43 /plus put dup 44 /comma put dup 45 /hyphen put dup 46 /period put dup 47 /slash put dup 48 /zero put dup 49 /one put dup 50 /two put dup 51 /three put dup 52 /four put dup 53 /five put dup 54 /six put dup 55 /seven put dup 56 /eight put dup 57 /nine put dup 58 /colon put dup 59 /semicolon put dup 60 /less put dup 61 /equal put dup 62 /greater put dup 63 /question put dup 64 /at put dup 65 /A put dup 66 /B put dup 67 /C put dup 68 /D put dup 69 /E put dup 70 /F put dup 71 /G put dup 72 /H put dup 73 /I put dup 75 /K put dup 76 /L put dup 77 /M put dup 78 /N put dup 79 /O put dup 80 /P put dup 81 /Q put dup 82 /R put dup 83 /S put dup 84 /T put dup 85 /U put dup 86 /V put dup 87 /W put dup 88 /X put dup 89 /Y put dup 90 /Z put dup 91 /bracketleft put dup 92 /backslash put dup 93 /bracketright put dup 94 /asciicircum put dup 95 /underscore put dup 96 /quoteleft put dup 97 /a put dup 98 /b put dup 99 /c put dup 100 /d put dup 101 /e put dup 102 /f put dup 103 /g put dup 104 /h put dup 105 /i put dup 106 /j put dup 107 /k put dup 108 /l put dup 109 /m put dup 110 /n put dup 111 /o put dup 112 /p put dup 113 /q put dup 114 /r put dup 115 /s put dup 116 /t put dup 117 /u put dup 118 /v put dup 119 /w put dup 120 /x put dup 121 /y put dup 122 /z put dup 123 /braceleft put dup 124 /bar put dup 125 /braceright put dup 126 /asciitilde put readonly def /FontBBox{-4 -235 731 800}readonly def currentdict end 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b(is)g(an)g(example)h(that)f(allo)m(ws)i(the)e(user)f (to)i(pic)m(k)f(a)g(\014lename)h(from)e(the)h(curren)m(t)630 2046 y(directory)-8 b(,)32 b(and)d(displa)m(ys)i(the)f(name)h(and)f (index)f(of)i(the)g(\014le)f(selected.)870 2181 y Fs(select)46 b(fname)g(in)i(*;)870 2291 y(do)870 2400 y(echo)f(you)g(picked)f ($fname)g(\\\($REPLY\\\))870 2510 y(break;)870 2620 y(done)150 2781 y(\(\(...)o(\)\))870 2916 y(\(\()h Fi(expression)56 b Fs(\)\))630 3051 y Ft(The)33 b(arithmetic)i Fq(expression)f Ft(is)f(ev)-5 b(aluated)35 b(according)g(to)f(the)g(rules)f(describ)s (ed)g(b)s(elo)m(w)630 3161 y(\(see)j(Section)f(6.5)h([Shell)f (Arithmetic],)i(page)f(80\).)55 b(If)34 b(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)35 b(of)g(the)g(expression)g(is)630 3271 y(non-zero,)27 b(the)f(return)e(status)i(is)g(0;)h(otherwise)f(the)g(return)e(status)i (is)g(1.)39 b(This)25 b(is)g(exactly)630 3380 y(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)32 b(to)870 3516 y Fs(let)47 b(")p Fi(expression)11 b Fs(")630 3651 y Ft(See)25 b(Section)h(4.2)h([Bash)e(Builtins],)i 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b(to)h(brace)f(expansion,)i(tilde)f(expansion,)h(parameter) e(expansion,)i(command)150 4730 y(substitution,)31 b(arithmetic)h (expansion,)f(quote)h(remo)m(v)-5 b(al,)33 b(\014lename)e(expansion,)g (and)f(w)m(ord)h(splitting.)150 4839 y(If)f(it)h(expands)e(to)i(more)g (than)f(one)h(w)m(ord,)f(Bash)h(rep)s(orts)e(an)h(error.)275 4970 y(Note)h(that)g(the)g(order)f(of)g(redirections)h(is)g (signi\014can)m(t.)41 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(example,)h(the)e(command)390 5100 y Fs(ls)47 b(>)h Fi(dirlist)56 b Fs(2>&1)150 5230 y Ft(directs)28 b(b)s(oth)f(standard)g(output)g(\(\014le)h(descriptor)f (1\))i(and)e(standard)f(error)i(\(\014le)g(descriptor)f(2\))h(to)h(the) 150 5340 y(\014le)h Fq(dirlist)r Ft(,)h(while)f(the)h(command)p eop end %%Page: 28 34 TeXDict begin 28 33 bop 150 -116 a Ft(28)2572 b(Bash)31 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)390 299 y Fs(ls)47 b(2>&1)g(>)g Fi(dirlist)150 428 y Ft(directs)28 b(only)f(the)g(standard)g(output)g (to)h(\014le)f Fq(dirlist)r Ft(,)h(b)s(ecause)g(the)f(standard)g(error) g(w)m(as)g(made)h(a)f(cop)m(y)150 537 y(of)k(the)f(standard)g(output)g (b)s(efore)g(the)g(standard)g(output)g(w)m(as)g(redirected)h(to)g Fq(dirlist)r Ft(.)275 666 y(Bash)26 b(handles)f(sev)m(eral)j (\014lenames)e(sp)s(ecially)h(when)f(they)g(are)g(used)g(in)g (redirections,)i(as)e(describ)s(ed)150 776 y(in)k(the)h(follo)m(wing)g (table:)150 924 y Fs(/dev/fd/)p Fi(fd)630 1034 y Ft(If)f Fq(fd)j Ft(is)d(a)h(v)-5 b(alid)31 b(in)m(teger,)h(\014le)e(descriptor) h Fq(fd)i Ft(is)d(duplicated.)150 1182 y Fs(/dev/stdin)630 1292 y Ft(File)i(descriptor)e(0)h(is)f(duplicated.)150 1440 y Fs(/dev/stdout)630 1550 y Ft(File)i(descriptor)e(1)h(is)f (duplicated.)150 1698 y Fs(/dev/stderr)630 1807 y Ft(File)i(descriptor) e(2)h(is)f(duplicated.)150 1956 y Fs(/dev/tcp/)p Fi(host)11 b Fs(/)p Fi(port)630 2065 y Ft(If)41 b Fq(host)i Ft(is)f(a)g(v)-5 b(alid)41 b(hostname)h(or)f(In)m(ternet)h(address,)i(and)c Fq(p)s(ort)j Ft(is)f(an)f(in)m(teger)i(p)s(ort)630 2175 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(or)h(service)h(name,)j(Bash)c(attempts)h(to)g(op)s (en)f(a)g(TCP)g(connection)h(to)g(the)630 2285 y(corresp)s(onding)29 b(so)s(c)m(k)m(et.)150 2433 y Fs(/dev/udp/)p Fi(host)11 b Fs(/)p Fi(port)630 2542 y Ft(If)41 b Fq(host)i Ft(is)f(a)g(v)-5 b(alid)41 b(hostname)h(or)f(In)m(ternet)h(address,)i(and)c Fq(p)s(ort)j Ft(is)f(an)f(in)m(teger)i(p)s(ort)630 2652 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(or)i(service)g(name,)k(Bash)c(attempts)g(to)h(op)s (en)e(a)h(UDP)g(connection)g(to)h(the)630 2762 y(corresp)s(onding)29 b(so)s(c)m(k)m(et.)275 2910 y(A)h(failure)h(to)g(op)s(en)e(or)i(create) h(a)e(\014le)h(causes)g(the)f(redirection)h(to)g(fail.)275 3039 y(Redirections)f(using)e(\014le)i(descriptors)f(greater)h(than)f (9)h(should)e(b)s(e)h(used)f(with)h(care,)h(as)g(they)f(ma)m(y)150 3148 y(con\015ict)i(with)f(\014le)h(descriptors)f(the)g(shell)h(uses)f (in)m(ternally)-8 b(.)150 3337 y Fj(3.6.1)63 b(Redirecting)40 b(Input)150 3483 y Ft(Redirection)35 b(of)f(input)f(causes)i(the)f 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b(of)e(output)h(in)f(this)h(fashion)f(causes)h (the)g(\014le)g(whose)f(name)h(results)f(from)g(the)h(expansion)g(of) 150 555 y Fq(w)m(ord)28 b Ft(to)e(b)s(e)e(op)s(ened)g(for)h(app)s (ending)e(on)i(\014le)g(descriptor)g Fq(n)p Ft(,)g(or)g(the)g(standard) f(output)h(\(\014le)g(descriptor)150 665 y(1\))31 b(if)f Fq(n)g Ft(is)h(not)f(sp)s(eci\014ed.)40 b(If)30 b(the)h(\014le)f(do)s (es)g(not)h(exist)g(it)g(is)f(created.)275 803 y(The)f(general)j (format)e(for)h(app)s(ending)e(output)h(is:)390 940 y Fs([)p Fi(n)11 b Fs(]>>)p Fi(word)150 1143 y Fj(3.6.4)63 b(Redirecting)40 b(Standard)h(Output)g(and)g(Standard)g(Error)150 1290 y Ft(This)33 b(construct)i(allo)m(ws)g(b)s(oth)f(the)g(standard)g (output)f(\(\014le)i(descriptor)f(1\))h(and)f(the)g(standard)f(error) 150 1399 y(output)d(\(\014le)h(descriptor)f(2\))h(to)g(b)s(e)f (redirected)h(to)g(the)f(\014le)h(whose)f(name)h(is)f(the)g(expansion)h (of)f Fq(w)m(ord)t Ft(.)275 1537 y(There)f(are)i(t)m(w)m(o)h(formats)e 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y(input)e(for)g(the)h(command)f(is)h(the)g (empt)m(y)g(\014le)f(`)p Fs(/dev/null)p Ft('.)61 b(Otherwise,)39 b(the)f(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(command)150 1717 y(inherits)30 b(the)h(\014le)f(descriptors)g(of)h(the)f(calling)i(shell)f(as)f(mo)s (di\014ed)g(b)m(y)g(redirections.)150 1926 y Fj(3.7.4)63 b(En)m(vironmen)m(t)150 2073 y Ft(When)28 b(a)i(program)e(is)h(in)m(v)m (ok)m(ed)h(it)f(is)g(giv)m(en)g(an)g(arra)m(y)g(of)g(strings)f(called)i (the)f Fq(en)m(vironmen)m(t)r Ft(.)41 b(This)28 b(is)h(a)150 2182 y(list)i(of)g(name-v)-5 b(alue)31 b(pairs,)f(of)h(the)f(form)g Fs(name=value)p Ft(.)275 2326 y(Bash)39 b(pro)m(vides)g(sev)m(eral)i(w) m(a)m(ys)g(to)f(manipulate)f(the)h(en)m(vironmen)m(t.)69 b(On)38 b(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation,)44 b(the)c(shell)150 2436 y(scans)g(its)h(o)m(wn)f(en)m(vironmen)m(t)h(and)f(creates)i(a)f (parameter)f(for)g(eac)m(h)i(name)e(found,)i(automatically)150 2545 y(marking)26 b(it)g(for)g Fq(exp)s(ort)h Ft(to)g(c)m(hild)f(pro)s (cesses.)39 b(Executed)26 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y(The)j(en)m(vironmen)m(t)i(for)f(an)m(y)g(simple)h(command)f(or)g (function)g(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)g(augmen)m(ted)h(temp)s(orarily)150 3457 y(b)m(y)c(pre\014xing)e(it)i(with)g(parameter)g(assignmen)m(ts,)h (as)e(describ)s(ed)g(in)g(Section)i(3.4)g([Shell)e(P)m(arameters],)150 3566 y(page)g(17.)41 b(These)29 b(assignmen)m(t)i(statemen)m(ts)g (a\013ect)f(only)g(the)f(en)m(vironmen)m(t)h(seen)g(b)m(y)f(that)h (command.)275 3710 y(If)d(the)h(`)p Fs(-k)p Ft(')g(option)g(is)g(set)g (\(see)h(Section)f(4.3.1)i([The)e(Set)g(Builtin],)h(page)f(54\),)i (then)e(all)g(parameter)150 3820 y(assignmen)m(ts)i(are)g(placed)h(in)e (the)h(en)m(vironmen)m(t)g(for)g(a)g(command,)f(not)h(just)f(those)i (that)f(precede)g(the)150 3929 y(command)g(name.)275 4073 y(When)f(Bash)h(in)m(v)m(ok)m(es)i(an)e(external)g(command,)g(the) g(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(`)p Fs($_)p Ft(')f(is)g(set)g(to)h(the)f(full)f (path)h(name)150 4183 y(of)h(the)f(command)g(and)g(passed)g(to)h(that)g (command)f(in)g(its)h(en)m(vironmen)m(t.)150 4392 y Fj(3.7.5)63 b(Exit)40 b(Status)150 4538 y Ft(The)26 b(exit)h(status)f(of)g(an)g (executed)h(command)f(is)g(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)26 b(returned)f(b)m(y)h (the)g Fq(w)m(aitpid)k Ft(system)d(call)g(or)150 4648 y(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)33 b(function.)45 b(Exit)32 b(statuses)g(fall)g (b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(0)f(and)f(255,)i(though,)f(as)g(explained)g(b)s (elo)m(w,)h(the)150 4758 y(shell)i(ma)m(y)g(use)f(v)-5 b(alues)35 b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g(125)h(sp)s(ecially)-8 b(.)54 b(Exit)35 b(statuses)g(from)f(shell)h(builtins)f(and)f(comp)s(ound)150 4867 y(commands)j(are)g(also)h(limited)g(to)g(this)f(range.)58 b(Under)36 b(certain)h(circumstances,)h(the)e(shell)h(will)f(use)150 4977 y(sp)s(ecial)31 b(v)-5 b(alues)31 b(to)g(indicate)g(sp)s(eci\014c) f(failure)h(mo)s(des.)275 5121 y(F)-8 b(or)32 b(the)g(shell's)g(purp)s (oses,)e(a)j(command)e(whic)m(h)h(exits)g(with)g(a)g(zero)g(exit)h (status)f(has)f(succeeded.)150 5230 y(A)e(non-zero)h(exit)g(status)g (indicates)g(failure.)40 b(This)28 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4902 y Ft(A)30 b(shell)f(script)h(is)f(a)h(text)h(\014le) f(con)m(taining)h(shell)f(commands.)40 b(When)29 b(suc)m(h)g(a)h (\014le)g(is)f(used)g(as)h(the)g(\014rst)150 5011 y(non-option)i (argumen)m(t)h(when)e(in)m(v)m(oking)i(Bash,)g(and)e(neither)h(the)g(`) p Fs(-c)p Ft(')g(nor)g(`)p Fs(-s)p Ft(')g(option)g(is)g(supplied)150 5121 y(\(see)25 b(Section)h(6.1)f([In)m(v)m(oking)h(Bash],)g(page)f (73\),)i(Bash)e(reads)f(and)g(executes)i(commands)e(from)g(the)h (\014le,)150 5230 y(then)32 b(exits.)46 b(This)32 b(mo)s(de)f(of)i(op)s (eration)f(creates)i(a)e(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shell.)46 b(The)31 b(shell)i(\014rst)e(searc)m(hes)150 5340 y(for)d(the)g(\014le) g(in)g(the)g(curren)m(t)f(directory)-8 b(,)30 b(and)d(lo)s(oks)i(in)e (the)i(directories)g(in)e Fs($PATH)g Ft(if)h(not)g(found)e(there.)p eop end %%Page: 35 41 TeXDict begin 35 40 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(35)275 299 y(When)34 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Fs(-A)p Ft(')g(option)g(means)g(eac) m(h)h Fq(name)k Ft(refers)32 b(to)h(an)g(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)j(arra)m(y)d (v)-5 b(ariable.)49 b(If)32 b(no)630 3915 y Fq(name)f Ft(argumen)m(ts)26 b(are)g(giv)m(en,)i(or)d(if)h(the)g(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')f(option)h(is)g(supplied,)f(a)h(list)h(of)e(all)i (readonly)630 4025 y(names)37 b(is)g(prin)m(ted.)59 b(The)37 b(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')f(option)i(causes)f(output)g(to)g(b)s(e)f(displa)m (y)m(ed)i(in)e(a)i(format)630 4134 y(that)25 b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)e(reused) h(as)g(input.)38 b(If)24 b(a)g(v)-5 b(ariable)25 b(name)g(is)f(follo)m (w)m(ed)i(b)m(y)e(=)p Fq(v)-5 b(alue)5 b Ft(,)26 b(the)e(v)-5 b(alue)630 4244 y(of)26 b(the)h(v)-5 b(ariable)27 b(is)f(set)h(to)g Fq(v)-5 b(alue)5 b Ft(.)40 b(The)26 b(return)f(status)i(is)f(zero)h (unless)e(an)i(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)26 b(option)630 4354 y(is)k(supplied,)f(one)h(of)g(the)g Fq(name)35 b Ft(argumen)m(ts)30 b(is)g(not)g(a)g(v)-5 b(alid)31 b(shell)f(v)-5 b(ariable)30 b(or)g(function)630 4463 y(name,)h(or)f(the)h(`)p Fs(-f)p 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Fi(var)11 b Fs(])46 b Fi(format)57 b Fs([)p Fi(arguments)11 b Fs(])630 4768 y Ft(W)-8 b(rite)27 b(the)g(formatted)f Fq(argumen)m(ts)k Ft(to)d(the)f(standard)f(output)h(under)e(the)i(con)m(trol)i(of)e(the) 630 4878 y Fq(format)r Ft(.)57 b(The)35 b(`)p Fs(-v)p Ft(')h(option)g(causes)g(the)g(output)g(to)g(b)s(e)f(assigned)h(to)h (the)e(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b Fq(v)-5 b(ar)630 4987 y Ft(rather)30 b(than)g(b)s(eing)g(prin)m(ted)g(to)h(the)g(standard)e(output.)630 5121 y(The)36 b Fq(format)i Ft(is)f(a)f(c)m(haracter)i(string)e(whic)m (h)g(con)m(tains)i(three)e(t)m(yp)s(es)g(of)h(ob)5 b(jects:)53 b(plain)630 5230 y(c)m(haracters,)41 b(whic)m(h)c(are)h(simply)e (copied)i(to)g(standard)f(output,)i(c)m(haracter)g(escap)s(e)e(se-)630 5340 y(quences,)g(whic)m(h)f(are)g(con)m(v)m(erted)h(and)f(copied)g(to) g(the)g(standard)f(output,)i(and)f(format)p eop end %%Page: 50 56 TeXDict begin 50 55 bop 150 -116 a Ft(50)2572 b(Bash)31 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)630 299 y(sp)s(eci\014cations,)38 b(eac)m(h)g(of)e(whic)m(h)g(causes)g(prin)m(ting)g(of)g(the)h(next)f (successiv)m(e)h Fq(argumen)m(t)r Ft(.)630 408 y(In)24 b(addition)h(to)g(the)g(standard)f Fs(printf\(1\))e Ft(formats,)27 b Fs(printf)c Ft(in)m(terprets)i(the)f(follo)m(wing)630 518 y(extensions:)630 676 y Fs(\045b)384 b Ft(causes)42 b Fs(printf)e Ft(to)i(expand)f(bac)m(kslash)h(escap)s(e)g(sequences)f (in)h(the)f(cor-)1110 786 y(resp)s(onding)c Fq(argumen)m(t)r Ft(,)42 b(\(except)e(that)g(`)p Fs(\\c)p Ft(')e(terminates)i(output,)h (bac)m(k-)1110 896 y(slashes)d(in)f(`)p Fs(\\')p Ft(',)j(`)p Fs(\\")p Ft(',)f(and)e(`)p Fs(\\?)p Ft(')h(are)g(not)g(remo)m(v)m(ed,)j (and)c(o)s(ctal)i(escap)s(es)1110 1005 y(b)s(eginning)30 b(with)g(`)p Fs(\\0)p Ft(')g(ma)m(y)h(con)m(tain)h(up)d(to)i(four)f (digits\).)630 1163 y Fs(\045q)384 b Ft(causes)35 b Fs(printf)e Ft(to)i(output)g(the)g(corresp)s(onding)e Fq(argumen)m(t)k Ft(in)e(a)g(format)1110 1273 y(that)c(can)g(b)s(e)e(reused)h(as)h (shell)f(input.)630 1431 y Fs(\045\()p Fi(datefmt)11 b Fs(\)T)1110 1541 y Ft(causes)32 b Fs(printf)f Ft(to)h(output)g(the)g (date-time)i(string)e(resulting)g(from)f(using)1110 1650 y Fq(datefm)m(t)45 b Ft(as)d(a)g(format)g(string)g(for)g Fs(strftime)p Ft(\(3\).)74 b(The)41 b(corresp)s(onding)1110 1760 y Fq(argumen)m(t)h Ft(is)e(an)g(in)m(teger)i(represen)m(ting)e (the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)h(seconds)g(since)1110 1870 y(the)24 b(ep)s(o)s(c)m(h.)38 b(Tw)m(o)24 b(sp)s(ecial)h(argumen)m(t)f (v)-5 b(alues)24 b(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(used:)36 b(-1)25 b(represen)m(ts)1110 1979 y(the)30 b(curren)m(t)g(time,)h(and)e(-2)i (represen)m(ts)f(the)g(time)h(the)f(shell)g(w)m(as)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed.) 630 2138 y(Argumen)m(ts)e(to)h(non-string)e(format)i(sp)s(eci\014ers)e (are)h(treated)h(as)g(C)e(language)j(constan)m(ts,)630 2247 y(except)22 b(that)g(a)g(leading)g(plus)e(or)h(min)m(us)f(sign)i (is)f(allo)m(w)m(ed,)k(and)c(if)g(the)g(leading)h(c)m(haracter)h(is)630 2357 y(a)i(single)g(or)f(double)h(quote,)h(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)25 b(is)f(the)h(ASCI)s(I)e(v)-5 b(alue)25 b(of)f(the)h(follo)m (wing)h(c)m(haracter.)630 2491 y(The)31 b Fq(format)i Ft(is)e(reused)f(as)i(necessary)f(to)h(consume)f(all)h(of)f(the)g Fq(argumen)m(ts)t Ft(.)43 b(If)31 b(the)g Fq(for-)630 2600 y(mat)d Ft(requires)e(more)g Fq(argumen)m(ts)k Ft(than)25 b(are)i(supplied,)e(the)h(extra)h(format)f(sp)s(eci\014cations)630 2710 y(b)s(eha)m(v)m(e)j(as)g(if)f(a)h(zero)g(v)-5 b(alue)29 b(or)g(n)m(ull)f(string,)h(as)g(appropriate,)g(had)f(b)s(een)g (supplied.)38 b(The)630 2819 y(return)29 b(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(is)g(zero)g(on)f(success,)h(non-zero)g(on)f(failure.)150 2978 y Fs(read)870 3112 y(read)47 b([-ers])f([-a)h Fi(aname)11 b Fs(])45 b([-d)i Fi(delim)11 b Fs(])46 b([-i)h Fi(text)11 b Fs(])46 b([-n)g Fi(nchars)11 b Fs(])46 b([-N)h Fi(nchars)11 b Fs(])45 b([-p)i Fi(prompt)11 b Fs(])45 b([-t)i Fi(time-)870 3221 y(out)11 b Fs(])46 b([-u)h Fi(fd)11 b Fs(])46 b([)p Fi(name)57 b Fs(...])630 3355 y Ft(One)26 b(line)h(is)g(read)f(from)h (the)f(standard)g(input,)h(or)g(from)f(the)h(\014le)f(descriptor)h Fq(fd)i Ft(supplied)630 3465 y(as)37 b(an)g(argumen)m(t)h(to)f(the)h(`) p Fs(-u)p Ft(')e(option,)k(and)c(the)i(\014rst)e(w)m(ord)g(is)h (assigned)h(to)f(the)h(\014rst)630 3574 y Fq(name)5 b Ft(,)28 b(the)g(second)g(w)m(ord)f(to)h(the)f(second)h Fq(name)5 b Ft(,)28 b(and)f(so)h(on,)g(with)f(lefto)m(v)m(er)j(w)m (ords)d(and)630 3684 y(their)h(in)m(terv)m(ening)g(separators)g (assigned)g(to)h(the)e(last)i Fq(name)5 b Ft(.)40 b(If)27 b(there)h(are)g(few)m(er)f(w)m(ords)630 3794 y(read)44 b(from)f(the)g(input)g(stream)h(than)g(names,)j(the)c(remaining)h (names)g(are)g(assigned)630 3903 y(empt)m(y)31 b(v)-5 b(alues.)41 b(The)30 b(c)m(haracters)i(in)e(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)g(the)f Fs(IFS)g Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(are)g(used)f(to)h(split)630 4013 y(the)37 b(line)h(in)m(to)g(w)m (ords.)61 b(The)36 b(bac)m(kslash)i(c)m(haracter)h(`)p Fs(\\)p Ft(')e(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(used)f(to)i(remo)m(v)m(e)h(an)m(y)630 4122 y(sp)s(ecial)h(meaning)g(for)f(the)g(next)h(c)m(haracter)h(read)e (and)g(for)g(line)h(con)m(tin)m(uation.)69 b(If)39 b(no)630 4232 y(names)28 b(are)h(supplied,)f(the)g(line)h(read)g(is)f(assigned)h (to)g(the)f(v)-5 b(ariable)29 b Fs(REPLY)p Ft(.)39 b(The)28 b(return)630 4341 y(co)s(de)e(is)g(zero,)h(unless)e(end-of-\014le)h(is) g(encoun)m(tered,)h Fs(read)e Ft(times)h(out)g(\(in)g(whic)m(h)f(case)i (the)630 4451 y(return)i(co)s(de)i(is)g(greater)g(than)g(128\),)h(or)f (an)f(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)31 b(\014le)g(descriptor)f(is)h(supplied)e(as)i (the)630 4561 y(argumen)m(t)g(to)g(`)p Fs(-u)p Ft('.)630 4695 y(Options,)f(if)h(supplied,)e(ha)m(v)m(e)i(the)g(follo)m(wing)h (meanings:)630 4853 y Fs(-a)e Fi(aname)114 b Ft(The)34 b(w)m(ords)f(are)i(assigned)f(to)h(sequen)m(tial)h(indices)e(of)g(the)g (arra)m(y)h(v)-5 b(ariable)1110 4963 y Fq(aname)5 b Ft(,)29 b(starting)g(at)f(0.)40 b(All)29 b(elemen)m(ts)g(are)f(remo)m(v)m(ed)h (from)e Fq(aname)33 b Ft(b)s(efore)1110 5072 y(the)e(assignmen)m(t.)41 b(Other)30 b Fq(name)36 b Ft(argumen)m(ts)30 b(are)h(ignored.)630 5230 y Fs(-d)f Fi(delim)114 b Ft(The)41 b(\014rst)h(c)m(haracter)h(of)f Fq(delim)g Ft(is)g(used)g(to)g(terminate)h(the)f(input)f(line,)1110 5340 y(rather)30 b(than)g(newline.)p eop end %%Page: 51 57 TeXDict begin 51 56 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(51)630 299 y Fs(-e)384 b Ft(Readline)28 b(\(see)h(Chapter)e(8)h([Command)f(Line)g(Editing],)i (page)f(95\))h(is)f(used)1110 408 y(to)42 b(obtain)f(the)g(line.)73 b(Readline)41 b(uses)g(the)g(curren)m(t)g(\(or)g(default,)j(if)d(line) 1110 518 y(editing)31 b(w)m(as)g(not)f(previously)g(activ)m(e\))j (editing)f(settings.)630 687 y Fs(-i)e Fi(text)162 b Ft(If)36 b(Readline)i(is)f(b)s(eing)g(used)f(to)h(read)g(the)g(line,)j Fq(text)f Ft(is)e(placed)h(in)m(to)g(the)1110 797 y(editing)31 b(bu\013er)e(b)s(efore)h(editing)h(b)s(egins.)630 966 y Fs(-n)f Fi(nchars)1110 1076 y Fs(read)38 b Ft(returns)f(after)j (reading)f Fq(nc)m(hars)j Ft(c)m(haracters)e(rather)f(than)g(w)m (aiting)1110 1186 y(for)g(a)h(complete)h(line)f(of)f(input,)i(but)e (honor)g(a)h(delimiter)g(if)f(few)m(er)h(than)1110 1295 y Fq(nc)m(hars)34 b Ft(c)m(haracters)e(are)e(read)h(b)s(efore)f(the)g (delimiter.)630 1465 y Fs(-N)g Fi(nchars)1110 1574 y Fs(read)39 b Ft(returns)f(after)j(reading)e(exactly)j Fq(nc)m(hars)h Ft(c)m(haracters)f(rather)d(than)1110 1684 y(w)m(aiting)32 b(for)f(a)g(complete)i(line)e(of)g(input,)g (unless)f(EOF)h(is)g(encoun)m(tered)g(or)1110 1793 y Fs(read)f Ft(times)i(out.)43 b(Delimiter)33 b(c)m(haracters)f(encoun)m (tered)g(in)f(the)g(input)g(are)1110 1903 y(not)g(treated)h(sp)s (ecially)g(and)f(do)f(not)i(cause)f Fs(read)f Ft(to)i(return)e(un)m (til)h Fq(nc)m(hars)1110 2012 y Ft(c)m(haracters)h(are)f(read.)630 2182 y Fs(-p)f Fi(prompt)1110 2291 y Ft(Displa)m(y)38 b Fq(prompt)r Ft(,)f(without)g(a)f(trailing)i(newline,)g(b)s(efore)e (attempting)i(to)1110 2401 y(read)f(an)m(y)h(input.)60 b(The)37 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y(`)p Fs(function)p Ft(',)32 b(`)p Fs(builtin)p Ft(',)g(`)p Fs(file)p Ft(')g(or)h(`)p Fs(keyword)p Ft(',)f(if)h Fq(name)38 b Ft(is)33 b(an)f(alias,)j(shell)e (function,)630 1330 y(shell)i(builtin,)g(disk)g(\014le,)h(or)e(shell)h (reserv)m(ed)g(w)m(ord,)h(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)55 b(If)34 b(the)h Fq(name)40 b Ft(is)35 b(not)630 1440 y(found,)29 b(then)h(nothing)h(is)f(prin)m(ted,)g(and)g Fs(type)f Ft(returns)g(a)i(failure)g(status.)630 1575 y(If)39 b(the)g(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')g(option)h(is)f(used,)i Fs(type)d Ft(either)h(returns)f(the)i(name)f(of)g(the)g(disk)g(\014le)g (that)630 1685 y(w)m(ould)30 b(b)s(e)g(executed,)h(or)g(nothing)f(if)g (`)p Fs(-t)p Ft(')h(w)m(ould)f(not)g(return)g(`)p Fs(file)p Ft('.)630 1820 y(The)23 b(`)p Fs(-P)p Ft(')g(option)h(forces)g(a)g (path)f(searc)m(h)h(for)f(eac)m(h)h Fq(name)5 b Ft(,)26 b(ev)m(en)e(if)f(`)p Fs(-t)p Ft(')g(w)m(ould)g(not)h(return)630 1930 y(`)p Fs(file)p Ft('.)630 2065 y(If)34 b(a)i(command)e(is)h (hashed,)g(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')g(and)f(`)p 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b(maxim)m(um)g(so)s(c)m(k)m(et)i(bu\013er)e(size.)630 5018 y Fs(-c)384 b Ft(The)30 b(maxim)m(um)g(size)h(of)g(core)g(\014les) f(created.)630 5179 y Fs(-d)384 b Ft(The)30 b(maxim)m(um)g(size)h(of)g (a)g(pro)s(cess's)f(data)h(segmen)m(t.)630 5340 y Fs(-e)384 b Ft(The)30 b(maxim)m(um)g(sc)m(heduling)h(priorit)m(y)f(\()p Fs(")p Ft(nice)p Fs(")p Ft(\).)p eop end %%Page: 53 59 TeXDict begin 53 58 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(53)630 299 y Fs(-f)384 b Ft(The)30 b(maxim)m(um)g(size)h(of)g(\014les)f(written)h(b)m(y)f(the) g(shell)h(and)f(its)h(c)m(hildren.)630 484 y Fs(-i)384 b Ft(The)30 b(maxim)m(um)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)i(p)s(ending)e (signals.)630 668 y Fs(-l)384 b Ft(The)30 b(maxim)m(um)g(size)h(that)g (ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(lo)s(c)m(k)m(ed)i(in)m(to)f(memory)-8 b(.)630 853 y Fs(-m)384 b Ft(The)36 b(maxim)m(um)g(residen)m(t)h(set)g (size)g(\(man)m(y)g(systems)f(do)h(not)f(honor)g(this)1110 963 y(limit\).)630 1148 y Fs(-n)384 b Ft(The)38 b(maxim)m(um)h(n)m(um)m (b)s(er)e(of)i(op)s(en)f(\014le)h(descriptors)g(\(most)g(systems)g(do) 1110 1257 y(not)31 b(allo)m(w)g(this)g(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(to)g(b)s(e)e(set\).)630 1442 y Fs(-p)384 b Ft(The)30 b(pip)s(e)f(bu\013er)h(size.)630 1627 y Fs(-q)384 b Ft(The)30 b(maxim)m(um)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)i(b)m(ytes)g(in)f(POSIX)f(message)j (queues.)630 1812 y Fs(-r)384 b Ft(The)30 b(maxim)m(um)g(real-time)i (sc)m(heduling)f(priorit)m(y)-8 b(.)630 1996 y Fs(-s)384 b Ft(The)30 b(maxim)m(um)g(stac)m(k)i(size.)630 2181 y Fs(-t)384 b Ft(The)30 b(maxim)m(um)g(amoun)m(t)h(of)f(cpu)g(time)h (in)f(seconds.)630 2366 y Fs(-u)384 b Ft(The)30 b(maxim)m(um)g(n)m(um)m (b)s(er)f(of)i(pro)s(cesses)f(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)33 b(to)e(a)f(single)i (user.)630 2551 y Fs(-v)384 b Ft(The)41 b(maxim)m(um)h(amoun)m(t)g(of)h (virtual)f(memory)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)44 b(to)e(the)g(shell,)1110 2660 y(and,)30 b(on)g(some)h(systems,)g(to)g(its)g(c)m(hildren.)630 2845 y Fs(-x)384 b Ft(The)30 b(maxim)m(um)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)i (\014le)f(lo)s(c)m(ks.)630 3030 y Fs(-T)384 b Ft(The)30 b(maxim)m(um)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)i(threads.)630 3215 y(If)i Fq(limit)j Ft(is)e(giv)m(en,)h(it)f(is)g(the)g(new)f(v)-5 b(alue)34 b(of)f(the)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(resource;)i(the)f(sp)s(ecial)g Fq(limit)630 3324 y Ft(v)-5 b(alues)27 b Fs(hard)p Ft(,)g Fs(soft)p Ft(,)g(and)g Fs(unlimited)d Ft(stand)j(for)g(the)g(curren)m (t)g(hard)f(limit,)j(the)e(curren)m(t)630 3434 y(soft)38 b(limit,)j(and)d(no)f(limit,)k(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)66 b(A)38 b(hard)f(limit)h(cannot)h(b)s(e)e(increased)i(b)m(y)f(a) 630 3544 y(non-ro)s(ot)f(user)f(once)i(it)g(is)f(set;)k(a)c(soft)g (limit)h(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)e(increased)h(up)f(to)i(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)38 b(of)630 3653 y(the)c(hard)f(limit.)51 b(Otherwise,)35 b(the)f(curren)m(t)f(v)-5 b(alue)35 b(of)f(the)f(soft)i(limit)f(for)g (the)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)630 3763 y(resource)27 b(is)h(prin)m(ted,)f (unless)g(the)g(`)p Fs(-H)p Ft(')g(option)h(is)f(supplied.)38 b(When)27 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1938 y Fq(MM)10 b Ft(m)p Fq(SS)5 b Ft(.)p Fq(FF)i Ft(s.)102 b(The)50 b(v)-5 b(alue)51 b(of)g Fq(p)i Ft(determines)e(whether)f(or)h(not)f (the)h(fraction)h(is)630 2047 y(included.)630 2182 y(If)30 b(this)g(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(is)g(not)f(set,)i(Bash)e(acts)h(as)g(if)f (it)h(had)f(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)870 2316 y Fs ($'\\nreal\\t\0453lR\\nuser\\t\0453)o(lU\\n)o(sys\\)o(t\0453)o(lS')630 2451 y Ft(If)37 b(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)38 b(is)f(n)m(ull,)i(no)f(timing)f (information)h(is)f(displa)m(y)m(ed.)62 b(A)37 b(trailing)i(newline)e (is)630 2560 y(added)30 b(when)f(the)i(format)f(string)h(is)f(displa)m (y)m(ed.)150 2720 y Fs(TMOUT)240 b Ft(If)22 b(set)h(to)g(a)g(v)-5 b(alue)23 b(greater)h(than)e(zero,)j Fs(TMOUT)d Ft(is)g(treated)i(as)e (the)h(default)g(timeout)g(for)g(the)630 2829 y Fs(read)31 b Ft(builtin)h(\(see)h(Section)f(4.2)i([Bash)e(Builtins],)h(page)g (43\).)47 b(The)32 b Fs(select)e Ft(command)630 2939 y(\(see)f(Section)h(3.2.4.2)g([Conditional)g(Constructs],)e(page)i 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y(names)e(and)g(v)-5 b(alues)40 b(of)g(the)g(shell)f(options)h (accepted)h(b)m(y)e Fs(shopt)f Ft(are)i(prin)m(ted)f(on)h(the)630 4966 y(standard)33 b(output.)50 b(If)33 b(the)h(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation)i (option)e(is)g(`)p Fs(+O)p Ft(',)g(the)g(output)f(is)h(displa)m(y)m(ed) g(in)g(a)630 5075 y(format)d(that)g(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)e(reused)h(as)h (input.)150 5230 y Fs(--)384 b Ft(A)38 b Fs(--)g Ft(signals)g(the)h (end)e(of)i(options)f(and)g(disables)g(further)f(option)h(pro)s (cessing.)64 b(An)m(y)630 5340 y(argumen)m(ts)31 b(after)g(the)f Fs(--)g Ft(are)h(treated)g(as)g(\014lenames)f(and)g(argumen)m(ts.)p eop end %%Page: 75 81 TeXDict begin 75 80 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2484 b(75)275 299 y(A)27 b Fk(lo)-5 b(gin)35 b Ft(shell)27 b(is)g(one)h(whose)f(\014rst)f(c)m (haracter)j(of)e(argumen)m(t)h(zero)f(is)h(`)p Fs(-)p Ft(',)g(or)f(one)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)i(with)e(the)150 408 y(`)p Fs(--login)p Ft(')i(option.)275 546 y(An)24 b Fk(inter)-5 b(active)33 b 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Ft(,)f(Bash)h(en)m(ters)g Fl(posix)e Ft(mo)s(de)h(after)h(reading)g(the)f(startup)g(\014les.)275 5094 y(The)f(follo)m(wing)j(list)f(is)g(what's)f(c)m(hanged)h(when)e(`) p Fl(posix)h Ft(mo)s(de')h(is)f(in)g(e\013ect:)199 5230 y(1.)61 b(When)28 b(a)i(command)e(in)g(the)h(hash)f(table)i(no)e (longer)h(exists,)h(Bash)f(will)g(re-searc)m(h)h Fs($PATH)d Ft(to)i(\014nd)330 5340 y(the)i(new)e(lo)s(cation.)43 b(This)29 b(is)i(also)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)33 b(with)d(`)p Fs(shopt)f(-s)h(checkhash)p Ft('.)p eop end %%Page: 87 93 TeXDict begin 87 92 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2484 b(87)199 299 y(2.)61 b(The)42 b(message)h(prin)m(ted)e(b)m(y)h(the)g(job)g(con)m(trol)i(co)s (de)e(and)f(builtins)h(when)f(a)h(job)g(exits)h(with)f(a)330 408 y(non-zero)31 b(status)g(is)f(`Done\(status\)'.)199 540 y(3.)61 b(The)40 b(message)h(prin)m(ted)f(b)m(y)g(the)h(job)f(con)m (trol)h(co)s(de)g(and)f(builtins)f(when)h(a)g(job)g(is)h(stopp)s(ed)e (is)330 650 y(`Stopp)s(ed\()p 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Ft(option.)199 1614 y(7.)61 b(The)30 b Fl(posix)g Ft(startup)f(\014les) i(are)g(executed)g(\()p Fs($ENV)p Ft(\))f(rather)g(than)g(the)h(normal) f(Bash)g(\014les.)199 1745 y(8.)61 b(Tilde)30 b(expansion)g(is)f(only)h (p)s(erformed)f(on)h(assignmen)m(ts)g(preceding)g(a)g(command)g(name,)g (rather)330 1855 y(than)g(on)g(all)i(assignmen)m(t)f(statemen)m(ts)h (on)e(the)h(line.)199 1987 y(9.)61 b(The)30 b(default)g(history)h (\014le)f(is)h(`)p Fs(~/.sh_history)p Ft(')c(\(this)k(is)f(the)g (default)h(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)f Fs($HISTFILE)p Ft(\).)154 2118 y(10.)61 b(The)23 b(output)f(of)i(`)p Fs(kill)29 b(-l)p Ft(')23 b(prin)m(ts)f(all)i(the)g(signal)f(names)g(on)g(a)h (single)g(line,)h(separated)e(b)m(y)g(spaces,)330 2228 y(without)30 b(the)h(`)p Fs(SIG)p Ft(')f(pre\014x.)154 2359 y(11.)61 b(The)30 b Fs(kill)f Ft(builtin)h(do)s(es)g(not)h(accept) h(signal)f(names)f(with)g(a)h(`)p Fs(SIG)p Ft(')f(pre\014x.)154 2491 y(12.)61 b(Non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)34 b(shells)c(exit)h(if)g Fq(\014lename)k Ft(in)30 b Fs(.)g Fq(\014lename)36 b Ft(is)31 b(not)f(found.)154 2622 y(13.)61 b(Non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)41 b(shells)d(exit)h(if)f(a)g(syn)m(tax)g(error)g(in)f(an)h(arithmetic)h (expansion)f(results)f(in)h(an)330 2732 y(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)31 b(expression.)154 2863 y(14.)61 b(Non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)27 b(shells)c(exit)i(if)e(there)h(is)f(a)h(syn)m(tax)g(error)f(in)g(a)h (script)f(read)g(with)h(the)f Fs(.)g Ft(or)h Fs(source)330 2973 y Ft(builtins,)30 b(or)g(in)g(a)h(string)g(pro)s(cessed)e(b)m(y)i (the)f Fs(eval)f Ft(builtin.)154 3104 y(15.)61 b(Redirection)25 b(op)s(erators)f(do)g(not)g(p)s(erform)f(\014lename)h(expansion)g(on)g (the)g(w)m(ord)f(in)h(the)g(redirection)330 3214 y(unless)30 b(the)g(shell)h(is)f(in)m(teractiv)m(e.)154 3345 y(16.)61 b(Redirection)31 b(op)s(erators)g(do)f(not)h(p)s(erform)e(w)m(ord)h (splitting)h(on)f(the)h(w)m(ord)f(in)g(the)g(redirection.)154 3477 y(17.)61 b(F)-8 b(unction)35 b(names)g(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)g(v)-5 b(alid)35 b(shell)f Fs(name)p Ft(s.)52 b(That)34 b(is,)i(they)f(ma)m(y) g(not)g(con)m(tain)g(c)m(haracters)330 3587 y(other)e(than)g(letters,)h (digits,)h(and)d(underscores,)h(and)f(ma)m(y)h(not)g(start)h(with)e(a)h (digit.)49 b(Declaring)330 3696 y(a)31 b(function)f(with)g(an)g(in)m(v) -5 b(alid)31 b(name)g(causes)f(a)h(fatal)h(syn)m(tax)f(error)f(in)g (non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shells.)154 3828 y(18.)61 b Fl(posix)30 b Ft(sp)s(ecial)h(builtins)e(are)i(found)e(b)s(efore)h (shell)h(functions)f(during)f(command)h(lo)s(okup.)154 3959 y(19.)61 b(The)29 b Fs(time)g Ft(reserv)m(ed)h(w)m(ord)g(ma)m(y)g (b)s(e)g(used)f(b)m(y)h(itself)g(as)g(a)h(command.)40 b(When)30 b(used)f(in)g(this)h(w)m(a)m(y)-8 b(,)330 4069 y(it)33 b(displa)m(ys)g(timing)g(statistics)h(for)e(the)h(shell)g(and)f (its)g(completed)i(c)m(hildren.)47 b(The)32 b Fs(TIMEFORMAT)330 4178 y Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(con)m(trols)h(the)e(format)h(of)g(the)f (timing)h(information.)154 4310 y(20.)61 b(When)33 b(parsing)f(and)g (expanding)g(a)i($)p Fs({)6 b Ft(.)22 b(.)g(.)11 b Fs(})33 b Ft(expansion)f(that)i(app)s(ears)e(within)g(double)g(quotes,)330 4419 y(single)42 b(quotes)g(are)g(no)g(longer)g(sp)s(ecial)g(and)f (cannot)i(b)s(e)e(used)g(to)h(quote)g(a)g(closing)h(brace)f(or)330 4529 y(other)31 b(sp)s(ecial)h(c)m(haracter,)i(unless)c(the)i(op)s (erator)f(is)g(one)h(of)f(those)h(de\014ned)e(to)i(p)s(erform)e (pattern)330 4639 y(remo)m(v)-5 b(al.)42 b(In)30 b(this)g(case,)i(they) e(do)g(not)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(to)f(app)s(ear)e(as)i(matc)m(hed)g(pairs.)154 4770 y(21.)61 b(The)29 b(parser)g(do)s(es)g(not)h(recognize)h Fs(time)d Ft(as)i(a)g(reserv)m(ed)f(w)m(ord)g(if)h(the)f(next)h(tok)m (en)h(b)s(egins)d(with)i(a)330 4880 y(`)p Fs(-)p Ft('.)154 5011 y(22.)61 b(If)24 b(a)g Fl(posix)g Ft(sp)s(ecial)h(builtin)f (returns)f(an)h(error)g(status,)i(a)e(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shell)e (exits.)39 b(The)24 b(fatal)330 5121 y(errors)30 b(are)h(those)f (listed)h(in)f(the)h Fl(posix)e Ft(standard,)h(and)g(include)g(things)g (lik)m(e)i(passing)e(incorrect)330 5230 y(options,)43 b(redirection)d(errors,)i(v)-5 b(ariable)41 b(assignmen)m(t)g(errors)e (for)g(assignmen)m(ts)i(preceding)f(the)330 5340 y(command)30 b(name,)h(and)f(so)g(on.)p eop end %%Page: 88 94 TeXDict begin 88 93 bop 150 -116 a Ft(88)2572 b(Bash)31 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)154 299 y(23.)61 b(A)31 b(non-in)m(teractiv)m (e)j(shell)d(exits)h(with)e(an)h(error)g(status)g(if)g(a)g(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(assignmen)m(t)g(error)e(o)s(ccurs)330 408 y(when)38 b(no)h(command)g(name)g(follo)m(ws)i(the)e(assignmen)m(t) h(statemen)m(ts.)69 b(A)39 b(v)-5 b(ariable)40 b(assignmen)m(t)330 518 y(error)30 b(o)s(ccurs,)g(for)g(example,)i(when)d(trying)i(to)g (assign)f(a)h(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(to)g(a)g(readonly)f(v)-5 b(ariable.)154 645 y(24.)61 b(A)28 b(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shell)e (exists)f(with)g(an)g(error)g(status)h(if)f(a)g(v)-5 b(ariable)29 b(assignmen)m(t)g(error)f(o)s(ccurs)330 755 y(in)i(an)g(assignmen)m(t)i(statemen)m(t)g(preceding)e(a)h(sp)s (ecial)g(builtin,)f(but)g(not)g(with)h(an)m(y)f(other)h(simple)330 864 y(command.)154 991 y(25.)61 b(A)43 b(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)i(shell) e(exits)h(with)f(an)f(error)h(status)g(if)g(the)g(iteration)h(v)-5 b(ariable)44 b(in)f(a)g Fs(for)330 1101 y Ft(statemen)m(t)32 b(or)f(the)f(selection)i(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(in)e(a)g Fs(select)f Ft(statemen)m(t)j(is)f(a)f(readonly)h(v)-5 b(ariable.)154 1228 y(26.)61 b(Pro)s(cess)30 b(substitution)g(is)h(not) f(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable.)154 1354 y(27.)61 b(Assignmen)m(t)23 b(statemen)m(ts)h(preceding)e Fl(posix)f Ft(sp)s(ecial)i(builtins)f(p)s (ersist)g(in)f(the)i(shell)f(en)m(vironmen)m(t)330 1464 y(after)31 b(the)f(builtin)g(completes.)154 1591 y(28.)61 b(Assignmen)m(t)35 b(statemen)m(ts)h(preceding)f(shell)f(function)g (calls)i(p)s(ersist)e(in)g(the)h(shell)f(en)m(vironmen)m(t)330 1700 y(after)d(the)f(function)h(returns,)e(as)i(if)f(a)h Fl(posix)e Ft(sp)s(ecial)i(builtin)f(command)g(had)g(b)s(een)g (executed.)154 1827 y(29.)61 b(The)38 b Fs(export)f Ft(and)g Fs(readonly)f Ft(builtin)i(commands)g(displa)m(y)h(their)f(output)g(in) g(the)h(format)g(re-)330 1937 y(quired)30 b(b)m(y)g Fl(posix)p Ft(.)154 2064 y(30.)61 b(The)30 b Fs(trap)f Ft(builtin)h(displa)m(ys)g (signal)i(names)e(without)g(the)h(leading)g Fs(SIG)p Ft(.)154 2191 y(31.)61 b(The)39 b Fs(trap)e Ft(builtin)i(do)s(esn't)g (c)m(hec)m(k)h(the)g(\014rst)e(argumen)m(t)i(for)e(a)i(p)s(ossible)e (signal)i(sp)s(eci\014cation)330 2300 y(and)30 b(rev)m(ert)i(the)e (signal)i(handling)e(to)h(the)g(original)h(disp)s(osition)e(if)h(it)g (is,)g(unless)f(that)h(argumen)m(t)330 2410 y(consists)e(solely)g(of)g (digits)g(and)f(is)g(a)h(v)-5 b(alid)29 b(signal)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er.)38 b(If)28 b(users)g(w)m(an)m(t)h(to)g(reset)g(the)g(handler)330 2519 y(for)h(a)g(giv)m(en)h(signal)g(to)f(the)h(original)g(disp)s (osition,)f(they)g(should)f(use)h(`)p Fs(-)p Ft(')g(as)g(the)g(\014rst) f(argumen)m(t.)154 2646 y(32.)61 b(The)21 b Fs(.)h Ft(and)f Fs(source)f Ft(builtins)h(do)g(not)h(searc)m(h)h(the)f(curren)m(t)f (directory)h(for)g(the)g(\014lename)f(argumen)m(t)330 2756 y(if)30 b(it)h(is)g(not)f(found)f(b)m(y)i(searc)m(hing)g Fs(PATH)p Ft(.)154 2883 y(33.)61 b(Subshells)20 b(spa)m(wned)h(to)h (execute)g(command)g(substitutions)f(inherit)g(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)22 b(of)g(the)f(`)p Fs(-e)p Ft(')g(option)330 2992 y(from)34 b(the)h(paren)m(t)g(shell.)55 b(When)34 b(not)i(in)e Fl(posix)g Ft(mo)s(de,)i(Bash)f(clears)h(the)f(`)p Fs(-e)p Ft(')f(option)i(in)e(suc)m(h)330 3102 y(subshells.)154 3229 y(34.)61 b(Alias)31 b(expansion)g(is)f(alw)m(a)m(ys)i(enabled,)e (ev)m(en)i(in)e(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shells.)154 3356 y(35.)61 b(When)43 b(the)g Fs(alias)f Ft(builtin)g(displa)m(ys)i(alias) g(de\014nitions,)i(it)d(do)s(es)g(not)g(displa)m(y)h(them)f(with)g(a) 330 3465 y(leading)31 b(`)p Fs(alias)e Ft(')i(unless)f(the)g(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')g(option)h(is)g(supplied.)154 3592 y(36.)61 b(When)40 b(the)g Fs(set)f Ft(builtin)h(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h (without)f(options,)j(it)e(do)s(es)f(not)g(displa)m(y)g(shell)g (function)330 3702 y(names)30 b(and)g(de\014nitions.)154 3829 y(37.)61 b(When)36 b(the)g Fs(set)g Ft(builtin)g(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok) m(ed)i(without)e(options,)i(it)f(displa)m(ys)f(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b(v)-5 b(alues)37 b(without)330 3938 y(quotes,)26 b(unless)d(they)i (con)m(tain)g(shell)f(metac)m(haracters,)k(ev)m(en)d(if)f(the)g(result) g(con)m(tains)i(nonprin)m(ting)330 4048 y(c)m(haracters.)154 4175 y(38.)61 b(When)35 b(the)g Fs(cd)f Ft(builtin)h(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m (ed)i(in)d Fq(logical)41 b Ft(mo)s(de,)36 b(and)f(the)g(pathname)g (constructed)g(from)330 4284 y Fs($PWD)i Ft(and)h(the)h(directory)f (name)h(supplied)e(as)i(an)f(argumen)m(t)h(do)s(es)f(not)g(refer)h(to)g (an)f(existing)330 4394 y(directory)-8 b(,)32 b Fs(cd)d Ft(will)i(fail)g(instead)g(of)f(falling)h(bac)m(k)h(to)f Fq(ph)m(ysical)j Ft(mo)s(de.)154 4521 y(39.)61 b(The)36 b Fs(pwd)f Ft(builtin)h(v)m(eri\014es)h(that)g(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)37 b(it)g(prin)m(ts)e(is)i(the)f(same)h(as)f(the)h(curren)m(t)f (directory)-8 b(,)330 4631 y(ev)m(en)31 b(if)f(it)h(is)g(not)f(ask)m (ed)h(to)g(c)m(hec)m(k)h(the)f(\014le)f(system)h(with)f(the)h(`)p Fs(-P)p Ft(')f(option.)154 4757 y(40.)61 b(When)35 b(listing)g(the)g (history)-8 b(,)36 b(the)f Fs(fc)g Ft(builtin)f(do)s(es)g(not)h (include)g(an)f(indication)i(of)f(whether)f(or)330 4867 y(not)d(a)f(history)h(en)m(try)f(has)g(b)s(een)g(mo)s(di\014ed.)154 4994 y(41.)61 b(The)30 b(default)g(editor)h(used)f(b)m(y)g Fs(fc)g Ft(is)g Fs(ed)p Ft(.)154 5121 y(42.)61 b(The)37 b Fs(type)g Ft(and)g Fs(command)f Ft(builtins)i(will)g(not)g(rep)s(ort) f(a)i(non-executable)g(\014le)f(as)g(ha)m(ving)h(b)s(een)330 5230 y(found,)26 b(though)h(the)g(shell)g(will)g(attempt)h(to)g (execute)g(suc)m(h)f(a)g(\014le)g(if)g(it)g(is)g(the)g(only)g(so-named) g(\014le)330 5340 y(found)i(in)h Fs($PATH)p Ft(.)p eop end %%Page: 89 95 TeXDict begin 89 94 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2484 b(89)154 299 y(43.)61 b(The)33 b Fs(vi)f Ft(editing)i(mo)s(de)f(will)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(e)i(the) e Fs(vi)g Ft(editor)h(directly)f(when)f(the)i(`)p Fs(v)p Ft(')f(command)g(is)g(run,)330 408 y(instead)e(of)f(c)m(hec)m(king)i Fs($VISUAL)d Ft(and)g Fs($EDITOR)p Ft(.)154 543 y(44.)61 b(When)41 b(the)g Fs(xpg_echo)e Ft(option)i(is)g(enabled,)j(Bash)d(do)s (es)g(not)g(attempt)h(to)g(in)m(terpret)f(an)m(y)h(ar-)330 653 y(gumen)m(ts)35 b(to)g Fs(echo)e Ft(as)i(options.)54 b(Eac)m(h)35 b(argumen)m(t)g(is)f(displa)m(y)m(ed,)j(after)e(escap)s(e) g(c)m(haracters)h(are)330 762 y(con)m(v)m(erted.)154 897 y(45.)61 b(The)30 b Fs(ulimit)f Ft(builtin)g(uses)h(a)h(blo)s(c)m (k)g(size)g(of)g(512)g(b)m(ytes)g(for)f(the)h(`)p Fs(-c)p Ft(')f(and)g(`)p Fs(-f)p Ft(')g(options.)154 1031 y(46.)61 b(The)39 b(arriv)-5 b(al)41 b(of)f Fs(SIGCHLD)e Ft(when)h(a)h(trap)g (is)g(set)h(on)f Fs(SIGCHLD)e Ft(do)s(es)h(not)h(in)m(terrupt)g(the)g Fs(wait)330 1141 y Ft(builtin)c(and)h(cause)g(it)h(to)f(return)f (immediately)-8 b(.)62 b(The)37 b(trap)f(command)h(is)g(run)e(once)j (for)f(eac)m(h)330 1250 y(c)m(hild)31 b(that)g(exits.)275 1410 y(There)j(is)g(other)h Fl(posix)f Ft(b)s(eha)m(vior)h(that)g(Bash) g(do)s(es)f(not)h(implemen)m(t)g(b)m(y)g(default)f(ev)m(en)i(when)d(in) 150 1519 y Fl(posix)d Ft(mo)s(de.)40 b(Sp)s(eci\014cally:)199 1654 y(1.)61 b(The)30 b Fs(fc)f Ft(builtin)h(c)m(hec)m(ks)i Fs($EDITOR)c Ft(as)j(a)f(program)g(to)h(edit)g(history)f(en)m(tries)h (if)f Fs(FCEDIT)f Ft(is)h(unset,)330 1763 y(rather)g(than)g(defaulting) h(directly)g(to)g Fs(ed)p Ft(.)40 b Fs(fc)30 b Ft(uses)g Fs(ed)g Ft(if)g Fs(EDITOR)f Ft(is)h(unset.)199 1898 y(2.)61 b(As)29 b(noted)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)i(Bash)e(requires)g(the)g Fs(xpg_echo)e Ft(option)j(to)g(b)s(e)e(enabled)h(for)g(the)g Fs(echo)f Ft(builtin)330 2007 y(to)j(b)s(e)f(fully)g(conforman)m(t.)275 2167 y(Bash)66 b(can)h(b)s(e)f(con\014gured)g(to)i(b)s(e)e Fl(posix)p Ft(-conforman)m(t)h(b)m(y)f(default,)77 b(b)m(y)66 b(sp)s(ecifying)h(the)150 2276 y(`)p 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2031 y(other)32 b(v)-5 b(alue,)32 b(the)g(supplied)e(string)i(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)g(a)h(pre\014x)f (of)h(a)g(stopp)s(ed)e(job's)i(name;)g(this)630 2140 y(pro)m(vides)e(functionalit)m(y)i(analogous)g(to)f(the)g(`)p Fs(\045)p Ft(')f(job)g Fl(id)p Ft(.)p eop end %%Page: 95 101 TeXDict begin 95 100 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2107 b(95)150 299 y Fo(8)80 b(Command)54 b(Line)f(Editing)150 640 y Ft(This)28 b(c)m(hapter)i (describ)s(es)e(the)h(basic)g(features)h(of)f(the)g Fl(gnu)f Ft(command)h(line)g(editing)h(in)m(terface.)42 b(Com-)150 749 y(mand)c(line)i(editing)f(is)g(pro)m(vided)g(b)m(y)g(the)g (Readline)h(library)-8 b(,)41 b(whic)m(h)e(is)g(used)f(b)m(y)h(sev)m (eral)h(di\013eren)m(t)150 859 y(programs,)34 b(including)e(Bash.)49 b(Command)32 b(line)i(editing)f(is)g(enabled)g(b)m(y)g(default)g(when)f (using)h(an)g(in-)150 969 y(teractiv)m(e)c(shell,)f(unless)e(the)h(`)p Fs(--noediting)p Ft(')d(option)k(is)e(supplied)g(at)h(shell)g(in)m(v)m 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y(the)c(righ)m(t)h (ma)m(y)g(also)g(b)s(e)f(con\014gured)f(to)i(w)m(ork)f(as)h(a)f(Meta)i (k)m(ey)f(or)f(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(con\014gured)h(as)g(some)h(other)150 2960 y(mo)s(di\014er,)i(suc)m(h)g(as)g(a)h(Comp)s(ose)f(k)m(ey)h(for)f (t)m(yping)h(accen)m(ted)h(c)m(haracters.)275 3130 y(If)23 b(y)m(ou)i(do)f(not)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(a)f(Meta)g(or)g Fs(ALT)e Ft(k)m(ey)-8 b(,)27 b(or)e(another)f(k)m(ey)i(w)m(orking)e(as)h(a)g (Meta)h(k)m(ey)-8 b(,)27 b(the)d(iden)m(tical)150 3239 y(k)m(eystrok)m(e)30 b(can)f(b)s(e)f(generated)h(b)m(y)g(t)m(yping)g Fs(ESC)e Fk(\014rst)p Ft(,)j(and)e(then)g(t)m(yping)h Fs(k)p Ft(.)40 b(Either)28 b(pro)s(cess)g(is)g(kno)m(wn)150 3349 y(as)j Fq(metafying)39 b Ft(the)30 b Fs(k)g Ft(k)m(ey)-8 b(.)275 3519 y(The)39 b(text)j Fi(M-C-k)d Ft(is)h(read)g(as)h (`Meta-Con)m(trol-k')j(and)39 b(describ)s(es)h(the)g(c)m(haracter)i (pro)s(duced)d(b)m(y)150 3629 y Fq(metafying)g Fi(C-k)p Ft(.)275 3799 y(In)c(addition,)j(sev)m(eral)f(k)m(eys)g(ha)m(v)m(e)g (their)f(o)m(wn)g(names.)58 b(Sp)s(eci\014cally)-8 b(,)38 b Fs(DEL)p Ft(,)f Fs(ESC)p Ft(,)g Fs(LFD)p Ft(,)g Fs(SPC)p Ft(,)g Fs(RET)p Ft(,)150 3908 y(and)d Fs(TAB)f Ft(all)j(stand)e(for)g (themselv)m(es)i(when)d(seen)i(in)f(this)g(text,)j(or)d(in)h(an)f(init) h(\014le)f(\(see)i(Section)f(8.3)150 4018 y([Readline)27 b(Init)g(File],)i(page)e(98\).)41 b(If)26 b(y)m(our)h(k)m(eyb)s(oard)f (lac)m(ks)i(a)f Fs(LFD)f Ft(k)m(ey)-8 b(,)29 b(t)m(yping)e Fs(C-j)e Ft(will)i(pro)s(duce)f(the)150 4128 y(desired)k(c)m(haracter.) 42 b(The)30 b Fs(RET)g Ft(k)m(ey)h(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)e(lab)s(eled)i Fs(Return)e Ft(or)h Fs(Enter)f Ft(on)h(some)h(k)m(eyb)s(oards.)150 4413 y Fr(8.2)68 b(Readline)47 b(In)l(teraction)150 4573 y Ft(Often)32 b(during)g(an)g(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(session)e(y)m(ou)g(t) m(yp)s(e)g(in)f(a)h(long)g(line)g(of)f(text,)j(only)d(to)i(notice)g (that)f(the)150 4682 y(\014rst)f(w)m(ord)g(on)g(the)g(line)h(is)g (missp)s(elled.)46 b(The)32 b(Readline)h(library)f(giv)m(es)h(y)m(ou)g (a)g(set)g(of)f(commands)g(for)150 4792 y(manipulating)e(the)g(text)h (as)f(y)m(ou)g(t)m(yp)s(e)g(it)g(in,)g(allo)m(wing)h(y)m(ou)f(to)h (just)e(\014x)g(y)m(our)h(t)m(yp)s(o,)g(and)g(not)g(forcing)150 4902 y(y)m(ou)e(to)h(ret)m(yp)s(e)g(the)f(ma)5 b(jorit)m(y)29 b(of)f(the)h(line.)40 b(Using)28 b(these)h(editing)g(commands,)f(y)m (ou)h(mo)m(v)m(e)g(the)g(cursor)150 5011 y(to)35 b(the)f(place)i(that)e (needs)g(correction,)j(and)d(delete)h(or)f(insert)h(the)f(text)h(of)g (the)f(corrections.)54 b(Then,)150 5121 y(when)24 b(y)m(ou)h(are)g (satis\014ed)g(with)g(the)g(line,)i(y)m(ou)e(simply)f(press)g Fs(RET)p Ft(.)39 b(Y)-8 b(ou)25 b(do)g(not)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(to)g(b)s(e)e (at)h(the)h(end)150 5230 y(of)33 b(the)h(line)g(to)g(press)e Fs(RET)p Ft(;)i(the)g(en)m(tire)g(line)f(is)h(accepted)g(regardless)g (of)f(the)h(lo)s(cation)h(of)e(the)h(cursor)150 5340 y(within)c(the)g(line.)p eop end %%Page: 96 102 TeXDict begin 96 101 bop 150 -116 a Ft(96)2572 b(Bash)31 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fj(8.2.1)63 b(Readline)40 b(Bare)h(Essen)m(tials)150 446 y Ft(In)31 b(order)h(to)h(en)m(ter)g(c)m (haracters)g(in)m(to)g(the)g(line,)g(simply)e(t)m(yp)s(e)i(them.)46 b(The)31 b(t)m(yp)s(ed)h(c)m(haracter)i(app)s(ears)150 555 y(where)e(the)h(cursor)e(w)m(as,)j(and)e(then)g(the)h(cursor)e(mo)m (v)m(es)j(one)f(space)g(to)g(the)g(righ)m(t.)47 b(If)32 b(y)m(ou)h(mist)m(yp)s(e)g(a)150 665 y(c)m(haracter,)f(y)m(ou)f(can)g (use)f(y)m(our)g(erase)h(c)m(haracter)h(to)f(bac)m(k)g(up)f(and)f (delete)j(the)f(mist)m(yp)s(ed)e(c)m(haracter.)275 806 y(Sometimes)i(y)m(ou)g(ma)m(y)h(mist)m(yp)s(e)e(a)i(c)m(haracter,)g (and)e(not)i(notice)g(the)f(error)f(un)m(til)h(y)m(ou)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(t) m(yp)s(ed)150 916 y(sev)m(eral)e(other)f(c)m(haracters.)42 b(In)28 b(that)i(case,)g(y)m(ou)f(can)g(t)m(yp)s(e)h Fi(C-b)d Ft(to)j(mo)m(v)m(e)g(the)f(cursor)g(to)g(the)g(left,)i(and)150 1026 y(then)f(correct)i(y)m(our)e(mistak)m(e.)42 b(Afterw)m(ards,)31 b(y)m(ou)f(can)h(mo)m(v)m(e)h(the)e(cursor)g(to)h(the)g(righ)m(t)g (with)f Fi(C-f)p Ft(.)275 1167 y(When)i(y)m(ou)h(add)f(text)h(in)f(the) h(middle)f(of)h(a)g(line,)h(y)m(ou)e(will)h(notice)h(that)f(c)m (haracters)h(to)g(the)e(righ)m(t)150 1277 y(of)d(the)g(cursor)f(are)h (`pushed)e(o)m(v)m(er')j(to)g(mak)m(e)f(ro)s(om)g(for)f(the)h(text)h (that)f(y)m(ou)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(inserted.)40 b(Lik)m(ewise,)150 1386 y(when)d(y)m(ou)g(delete)i(text)g(b)s(ehind)c(the)j(cursor,)h(c)m (haracters)g(to)f(the)g(righ)m(t)g(of)g(the)g(cursor)e(are)i(`pulled) 150 1496 y(bac)m(k')24 b(to)f(\014ll)g(in)f(the)h(blank)f(space)i (created)f(b)m(y)g(the)g(remo)m(v)-5 b(al)24 b(of)f(the)g(text.)39 b(A)23 b(list)g(of)g(the)g(bare)f(essen)m(tials)150 1605 y(for)30 b(editing)h(the)g(text)g(of)g(an)f(input)f(line)i(follo)m(ws.) 150 1775 y Fi(C-b)336 b Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(bac)m(k)g(one)e(c)m (haracter.)150 1941 y Fi(C-f)336 b Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(forw)m(ard)e(one) h(c)m(haracter.)150 2108 y Fs(DEL)e Ft(or)i Fs(Backspace)630 2217 y Ft(Delete)i(the)d(c)m(haracter)i(to)f(the)g(left)g(of)f(the)h (cursor.)150 2384 y Fi(C-d)336 b Ft(Delete)33 b(the)d(c)m(haracter)i (underneath)d(the)i(cursor.)150 2550 y(Prin)m(ting)g(c)m(haracters)630 2660 y(Insert)f(the)g(c)m(haracter)i(in)m(to)g(the)e(line)h(at)g(the)g (cursor.)150 2826 y Fi(C-_)e Ft(or)i Fi(C-x)e(C-u)630 2936 y Ft(Undo)k(the)h(last)g(editing)g(command.)50 b(Y)-8 b(ou)34 b(can)f(undo)g(all)h(the)f(w)m(a)m(y)i(bac)m(k)f(to)g(an)g (empt)m(y)630 3045 y(line.)150 3215 y(\(Dep)s(ending)29 b(on)h(y)m(our)f(con\014guration,)i(the)e Fs(Backspace)e Ft(k)m(ey)k(b)s(e)d(set)j(to)f(delete)h(the)e(c)m(haracter)i(to)g(the) 150 3324 y(left)37 b(of)f(the)h(cursor)e(and)h(the)g Fs(DEL)g Ft(k)m(ey)h(set)f(to)h(delete)h(the)e(c)m(haracter)i (underneath)d(the)h(cursor,)i(lik)m(e)150 3434 y Fi(C-d)p Ft(,)30 b(rather)g(than)g(the)h(c)m(haracter)h(to)f(the)f(left)h(of)g (the)f(cursor.\))150 3640 y Fj(8.2.2)63 b(Readline)40 b(Mo)m(v)m(emen)m(t)h(Commands)150 3787 y Ft(The)27 b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i (table)g(describ)s(es)e(the)g(most)i(basic)f(k)m(eystrok)m(es)h(that)f (y)m(ou)g(need)g(in)f(order)g(to)i(do)e(editing)i(of)150 3897 y(the)k(input)f(line.)49 b(F)-8 b(or)34 b(y)m(our)f(con)m(v)m (enience,)j(man)m(y)d(other)g(commands)f(ha)m(v)m(e)j(b)s(een)d(added)g (in)h(addition)150 4006 y(to)j Fi(C-b)p Ft(,)f Fi(C-f)p Ft(,)g Fi(C-d)p Ft(,)h(and)e Fs(DEL)p Ft(.)54 b(Here)35 b(are)g(some)h(commands)e(for)h(mo)m(ving)h(more)f(rapidly)f(ab)s(out)h (the)150 4116 y(line.)150 4286 y Fi(C-a)336 b Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(to)g(the)e(start)h(of)g(the)f(line.)150 4452 y Fi(C-e)336 b Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(to)g(the)e(end)g(of)g(the)h(line.)150 4618 y Fi(M-f)336 b Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(forw)m(ard)e(a)h(w)m(ord,)f (where)g(a)h(w)m(ord)f(is)g(comp)s(osed)g(of)h(letters)h(and)d(digits.) 150 4785 y Fi(M-b)336 b Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(bac)m(kw)m(ard)f(a)g(w)m (ord.)150 4951 y Fi(C-l)336 b Ft(Clear)31 b(the)f(screen,)h(reprin)m (ting)f(the)h(curren)m(t)f(line)h(at)g(the)f(top.)275 5121 y(Notice)c(ho)m(w)f Fi(C-f)e Ft(mo)m(v)m(es)j(forw)m(ard)e(a)h(c)m (haracter,)j(while)d Fi(M-f)e Ft(mo)m(v)m(es)j(forw)m(ard)e(a)h(w)m (ord.)39 b(It)24 b(is)h(a)g(lo)s(ose)150 5230 y(con)m(v)m(en)m(tion)32 b(that)f(con)m(trol)g(k)m(eystrok)m(es)h(op)s(erate)e(on)g(c)m (haracters)h(while)f(meta)h(k)m(eystrok)m(es)h(op)s(erate)e(on)150 5340 y(w)m(ords.)p eop end %%Page: 97 103 TeXDict begin 97 102 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2107 b(97)150 299 y Fj(8.2.3)63 b(Readline)40 b(Killing)i(Commands)150 446 y Fq(Killing)35 b Ft(text)28 b(means)e(to)h(delete)h(the)f(text)g(from)g(the)f(line,)i (but)e(to)h(sa)m(v)m(e)h(it)g(a)m(w)m(a)m(y)g(for)e(later)i(use,)f (usually)150 555 y(b)m(y)g Fq(y)m(anking)35 b Ft(\(re-inserting\))28 b(it)g(bac)m(k)f(in)m(to)h(the)f(line.)40 b(\(`Cut')27 b(and)g(`paste')h(are)f(more)g(recen)m(t)h(jargon)f(for)150 665 y(`kill')32 b(and)d(`y)m(ank'.\))275 801 y(If)g(the)i(description)f (for)g(a)h(command)f(sa)m(ys)g(that)h(it)g(`kills')g(text,)h(then)e(y)m (ou)g(can)h(b)s(e)e(sure)h(that)h(y)m(ou)150 911 y(can)g(get)g(the)g (text)g(bac)m(k)g(in)f(a)h(di\013eren)m(t)g(\(or)g(the)f(same\))h (place)h(later.)275 1047 y(When)23 b(y)m(ou)g(use)g(a)h(kill)g (command,)g(the)g(text)g(is)f(sa)m(v)m(ed)i(in)e(a)g Fq(kill-ring)p Ft(.)39 b(An)m(y)24 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)h(consecutiv) m(e)150 1157 y(kills)31 b(sa)m(v)m(e)i(all)f(of)f(the)g(killed)h(text)g (together,)g(so)g(that)f(when)f(y)m(ou)h(y)m(ank)h(it)f(bac)m(k,)h(y)m (ou)g(get)g(it)f(all.)43 b(The)150 1267 y(kill)33 b(ring)f(is)g(not)h (line)g(sp)s(eci\014c;)g(the)g(text)g(that)g(y)m(ou)g(killed)f(on)h(a)f (previously)g(t)m(yp)s(ed)h(line)f(is)h(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)150 1376 y(to)31 b(b)s(e)f(y)m(ank)m(ed)h(bac)m(k)g(later,)h(when)d(y)m(ou) i(are)g(t)m(yping)f(another)h(line.)275 1513 y(Here)f(is)h(the)f(list)h (of)g(commands)f(for)g(killing)h(text.)150 1675 y Fi(C-k)336 b Ft(Kill)31 b(the)f(text)i(from)e(the)g(curren)m(t)g(cursor)g(p)s (osition)h(to)g(the)f(end)g(of)g(the)h(line.)150 1836 y Fi(M-d)336 b Ft(Kill)27 b(from)f(the)g(cursor)g(to)h(the)f(end)g(of)h (the)f(curren)m(t)g(w)m(ord,)h(or,)h(if)e(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(w)m(ords,) g(to)g(the)630 1946 y(end)j(of)g(the)h(next)f(w)m(ord.)41 b(W)-8 b(ord)30 b(b)s(oundaries)f(are)i(the)g(same)f(as)h(those)g(used) f(b)m(y)g Fi(M-f)p Ft(.)150 2107 y Fi(M-DEL)240 b Ft(Kill)31 b(from)f(the)h(cursor)f(the)g(start)h(of)g(the)g(curren)m(t)f(w)m(ord,) h(or,)f(if)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(w)m(ords,)f(to)i(the)630 2217 y(start)39 b(of)f(the)h(previous)f(w)m(ord.)64 b(W)-8 b(ord)39 b(b)s(oundaries)e(are)i(the)f(same)h(as)g(those)f(used)g(b)m (y)630 2326 y Fi(M-b)p Ft(.)150 2487 y Fi(C-w)336 b Ft(Kill)35 b(from)g(the)g(cursor)f(to)i(the)f(previous)g(whitespace.)55 b(This)34 b(is)h(di\013eren)m(t)h(than)e Fi(M-DEL)630 2597 y Ft(b)s(ecause)c(the)h(w)m(ord)f(b)s(oundaries)f(di\013er.)275 2759 y(Here)42 b(is)f(ho)m(w)h(to)g Fq(y)m(ank)47 b Ft(the)42 b(text)g(bac)m(k)h(in)m(to)f(the)g(line.)74 b(Y)-8 b(anking)43 b(means)e(to)h(cop)m(y)h(the)e(most-)150 2869 y(recen)m(tly-killed)33 b(text)e(from)f(the)g(kill)i(bu\013er.)150 3031 y Fi(C-y)336 b Ft(Y)-8 b(ank)31 b(the)f(most)h(recen)m(tly)h(killed)f(text)g(bac)m (k)g(in)m(to)h(the)e(bu\013er)g(at)h(the)f(cursor.)150 3192 y Fi(M-y)336 b Ft(Rotate)36 b(the)f(kill-ring,)i(and)d(y)m(ank)h (the)f(new)g(top.)54 b(Y)-8 b(ou)35 b(can)g(only)f(do)h(this)f(if)h (the)g(prior)630 3302 y(command)30 b(is)h Fi(C-y)e Ft(or)h Fi(M-y)p Ft(.)150 3503 y Fj(8.2.4)63 b(Readline)40 b(Argumen)m(ts)150 3650 y Ft(Y)-8 b(ou)40 b(can)f(pass)g(n)m(umeric)f(argumen)m(ts)i(to)f (Readline)h(commands.)67 b(Sometimes)39 b(the)g(argumen)m(t)h(acts)150 3760 y(as)g(a)h(rep)s(eat)f(coun)m(t,)j(other)e(times)f(it)h(is)f(the)g Fk(sign)47 b Ft(of)41 b(the)f(argumen)m(t)g(that)h(is)f(signi\014can)m (t.)71 b(If)40 b(y)m(ou)150 3869 y(pass)33 b(a)h(negativ)m(e)i(argumen) m(t)e(to)g(a)g(command)f(whic)m(h)g(normally)h(acts)g(in)f(a)h(forw)m (ard)f(direction,)i(that)150 3979 y(command)g(will)h(act)g(in)f(a)h (bac)m(kw)m(ard)f(direction.)57 b(F)-8 b(or)36 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b(\(C-q)i(or)h(C-v\))630 3452 y Ft(Add)j(the)i(next)f(c)m(haracter)i(t)m(yp)s(ed)e(to)h(the)f(line)h (v)m(erbatim.)53 b(This)33 b(is)i(ho)m(w)f(to)h(insert)f(k)m(ey)630 3561 y(sequences)d(lik)m(e)g Fi(C-q)p Ft(,)f(for)g(example.)150 3732 y Fs(self-insert)d(\(a,)j(b,)g(A,)f(1,)h(!,)g(...)o(\))630 3842 y Ft(Insert)g(y)m(ourself.)150 4012 y Fs(transpose-chars)c (\(C-t\))630 4122 y Ft(Drag)33 b(the)f(c)m(haracter)h(b)s(efore)f(the)g (cursor)f(forw)m(ard)h(o)m(v)m(er)h(the)f(c)m(haracter)i(at)e(the)g (cursor,)630 4232 y(mo)m(ving)k(the)g(cursor)f(forw)m(ard)g(as)g(w)m (ell.)57 b(If)35 b(the)h(insertion)g(p)s(oin)m(t)f(is)g(at)i(the)e(end) g(of)h(the)630 4341 y(line,)24 b(then)e(this)g(transp)s(oses)f(the)h (last)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(c)m(haracters)g(of)f(the)h(line.)38 b(Negativ)m(e)25 b(argumen)m(ts)630 4451 y(ha)m(v)m(e)32 b(no)e(e\013ect.)150 4621 y Fs(transpose-words)c(\(M-t\))630 4731 y Ft(Drag)33 b(the)g(w)m(ord)f(b)s(efore)g(p)s(oin)m(t)g(past)g 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b(\(M-c\))630 801 y Ft(Capitalize)d(the)f(curren)m(t)f(\(or)g(follo)m (wing\))i(w)m(ord.)38 b(With)21 b(a)h(negativ)m(e)h(argumen)m(t,)h (capitalize)630 911 y(the)31 b(previous)e(w)m(ord,)i(but)e(do)i(not)f (mo)m(v)m(e)i(the)f(cursor.)150 1084 y Fs(overwrite-mode)26 b(\(\))630 1194 y Ft(T)-8 b(oggle)35 b(o)m(v)m(erwrite)g(mo)s(de.)48 b(With)33 b(an)g(explicit)h(p)s(ositiv)m(e)g(n)m(umeric)f(argumen)m(t,) h(switc)m(hes)630 1304 y(to)22 b(o)m(v)m(erwrite)i(mo)s(de.)37 b(With)22 b(an)g(explicit)h(non-p)s(ositiv)m(e)f(n)m(umeric)g(argumen)m (t,)i(switc)m(hes)e(to)630 1413 y(insert)30 b(mo)s(de.)41 b(This)30 b(command)h(a\013ects)h(only)e Fs(emacs)f Ft(mo)s(de;)i Fs(vi)f Ft(mo)s(de)g(do)s(es)g(o)m(v)m(erwrite)630 1523 y(di\013eren)m(tly)-8 b(.)42 b(Eac)m(h)31 b(call)h(to)f Fs(readline\(\))c Ft(starts)k(in)f(insert)g(mo)s(de.)630 1664 y(In)e(o)m(v)m(erwrite)j(mo)s(de,)e(c)m(haracters)i(b)s(ound)c(to) j Fs(self-insert)c Ft(replace)k(the)g(text)g(at)g(p)s(oin)m(t)630 1774 y(rather)41 b(than)h(pushing)e(the)i(text)g(to)g(the)g(righ)m(t.) 75 b(Characters)42 b(b)s(ound)d(to)j Fs(backward-)630 1883 y(delete-char)27 b Ft(replace)32 b(the)e(c)m(haracter)i(b)s(efore) e(p)s(oin)m(t)h(with)f(a)g(space.)630 2025 y(By)h(default,)f(this)h (command)f(is)g(un)m(b)s(ound.)150 2238 y Fj(8.4.4)63 b(Killing)42 b(And)e(Y)-10 b(anking)150 2417 y Fs(kill-line)28 b(\(C-k\))630 2527 y Ft(Kill)j(the)f(text)i(from)e(p)s(oin)m(t)g(to)h (the)g(end)e(of)i(the)f(line.)150 2700 y Fs(backward-kill-line)25 b(\(C-x)30 b(Rubout\))630 2810 y Ft(Kill)h(bac)m(kw)m(ard)g(to)g(the)f (b)s(eginning)g(of)g(the)h(line.)150 2984 y Fs(unix-line-discard)26 b(\(C-u\))630 3093 y Ft(Kill)31 b(bac)m(kw)m(ard)g(from)e(the)i(cursor) f(to)h(the)f(b)s(eginning)g(of)h(the)f(curren)m(t)g(line.)150 3267 y Fs(kill-whole-line)c(\(\))630 3376 y Ft(Kill)37 b(all)g(c)m(haracters)h(on)f(the)f(curren)m(t)h(line,)h(no)f(matter)g (where)f(p)s(oin)m(t)h(is.)59 b(By)36 b(default,)630 3486 y(this)30 b(is)h(un)m(b)s(ound.)150 3659 y Fs(kill-word)d(\(M-d\)) 630 3769 y Ft(Kill)i(from)f(p)s(oin)m(t)g(to)h(the)g(end)e(of)i(the)f (curren)m(t)h(w)m(ord,)f(or)g(if)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(w)m(ords,)f(to)h (the)g(end)630 3879 y(of)h(the)f(next)h(w)m(ord.)40 b(W)-8 b(ord)31 b(b)s(oundaries)e(are)h(the)h(same)g(as)f Fs(forward-word)p Ft(.)150 4052 y Fs(backward-kill-word)25 b(\(M-DEL\))630 4162 y Ft(Kill)k(the)g(w)m(ord)g(b)s(ehind)e(p)s(oin)m(t.)40 b(W)-8 b(ord)29 b(b)s(oundaries)f(are)h(the)g(same)g(as)g Fs(backward-word)p Ft(.)150 4335 y Fs(shell-kill-word)d(\(\))630 4445 y Ft(Kill)k(from)f(p)s(oin)m(t)g(to)h(the)g(end)e(of)i(the)f (curren)m(t)h(w)m(ord,)f(or)g(if)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(w)m(ords,)f(to)h (the)g(end)630 4555 y(of)h(the)f(next)h(w)m(ord.)40 b(W)-8 b(ord)31 b(b)s(oundaries)e(are)h(the)h(same)g(as)f Fs (shell-forward-word)p Ft(.)150 4728 y Fs(shell-backward-kill-word)24 b(\(\))630 4838 y Ft(Kill)e(the)h(w)m(ord)e(b)s(ehind)g(p)s(oin)m(t.)38 b(W)-8 b(ord)22 b(b)s(oundaries)f(are)h(the)g(same)h(as)f Fs(shell-backward-)630 4947 y(word)p Ft(.)150 5121 y Fs(unix-word-rubout)k(\(C-w\))630 5230 y Ft(Kill)32 b(the)g(w)m(ord)f (b)s(ehind)f(p)s(oin)m(t,)i(using)f(white)h(space)g(as)g(a)g(w)m(ord)f (b)s(oundary)-8 b(.)43 b(The)31 b(killed)630 5340 y(text)g(is)g(sa)m(v) m(ed)g(on)g(the)f(kill-ring.)p eop end %%Page: 112 118 TeXDict begin 112 117 bop 150 -116 a Ft(112)2527 b(Bash)31 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fs(unix-filename-rubout)25 b(\(\))630 408 y Ft(Kill)37 b(the)f(w)m(ord)g(b)s(ehind)f(p)s(oin)m(t,) j(using)e(white)g(space)h(and)f(the)g(slash)g(c)m(haracter)i(as)f(the) 630 518 y(w)m(ord)30 b(b)s(oundaries.)39 b(The)30 b(killed)h(text)g(is) g(sa)m(v)m(ed)g(on)g(the)f(kill-ring.)150 673 y Fs (delete-horizontal-space)24 b(\(\))630 783 y Ft(Delete)33 b(all)e(spaces)g(and)e(tabs)i(around)e(p)s(oin)m(t.)41 b(By)31 b(default,)f(this)h(is)f(un)m(b)s(ound.)150 938 y Fs(kill-region)d(\(\))630 1048 y Ft(Kill)k(the)f(text)i(in)e(the)g (curren)m(t)h(region.)41 b(By)31 b(default,)f(this)h(command)f(is)g(un) m(b)s(ound.)150 1203 y Fs(copy-region-as-kill)25 b(\(\))630 1313 y Ft(Cop)m(y)34 b(the)g(text)h(in)f(the)g(region)g(to)h(the)f (kill)h(bu\013er,)f(so)g(it)h(can)f(b)s(e)f(y)m(ank)m(ed)i(righ)m(t)f (a)m(w)m(a)m(y)-8 b(.)630 1422 y(By)31 b(default,)f(this)h(command)f (is)g(un)m(b)s(ound.)150 1578 y Fs(copy-backward-word)25 b(\(\))630 1687 y Ft(Cop)m(y)38 b(the)h(w)m(ord)f(b)s(efore)g(p)s(oin)m (t)g(to)i(the)e(kill)h(bu\013er.)64 b(The)38 b(w)m(ord)g(b)s(oundaries) f(are)i(the)630 1797 y(same)31 b(as)f Fs(backward-word)p Ft(.)38 b(By)30 b(default,)h(this)f(command)g(is)h(un)m(b)s(ound.)150 1952 y Fs(copy-forward-word)26 b(\(\))630 2062 y Ft(Cop)m(y)31 b(the)g(w)m(ord)g(follo)m(wing)h(p)s(oin)m(t)f(to)h(the)f(kill)h (bu\013er.)42 b(The)30 b(w)m(ord)h(b)s(oundaries)e(are)j(the)630 2171 y(same)f(as)f Fs(forward-word)p Ft(.)38 b(By)30 b(default,)h(this)g(command)f(is)g(un)m(b)s(ound.)150 2327 y Fs(yank)f(\(C-y\))630 2436 y Ft(Y)-8 b(ank)31 b(the)f(top)h(of)g(the)f(kill)h(ring)f(in)m(to)i(the)e(bu\013er)g(at)h (p)s(oin)m(t.)150 2592 y Fs(yank-pop)d(\(M-y\))630 2701 y Ft(Rotate)36 b(the)f(kill-ring,)i(and)d(y)m(ank)h(the)f(new)g(top.)54 b(Y)-8 b(ou)35 b(can)g(only)f(do)h(this)f(if)h(the)g(prior)630 2811 y(command)30 b(is)h Fs(yank)e Ft(or)h Fs(yank-pop)p Ft(.)150 3006 y Fj(8.4.5)63 b(Sp)s(ecifying)42 b(Numeric)f(Argumen)m (ts)150 3176 y Fs(digit-argument)26 b(\()p Fi(M-0)p Fs(,)j Fi(M-1)p Fs(,)h(...)f Fi(M--)p Fs(\))630 3285 y Ft(Add)d(this)h(digit)g (to)h(the)f(argumen)m(t)g(already)h(accum)m(ulating,)h(or)e(start)h(a)f (new)f(argumen)m(t.)630 3395 y Fi(M--)j Ft(starts)i(a)g(negativ)m(e)i (argumen)m(t.)150 3550 y Fs(universal-argument)25 b(\(\))630 3660 y Ft(This)g(is)g(another)h(w)m(a)m(y)g(to)h(sp)s(ecify)e(an)g (argumen)m(t.)40 b(If)25 b(this)g(command)h(is)f(follo)m(w)m(ed)i(b)m (y)f(one)630 3770 y(or)k(more)f(digits,)i(optionally)g(with)e(a)h (leading)h(min)m(us)e(sign,)h(those)g(digits)g(de\014ne)f(the)h(ar-)630 3879 y(gumen)m(t.)41 b(If)28 b(the)i(command)f(is)g(follo)m(w)m(ed)h(b) m(y)f(digits,)i(executing)f Fs(universal-argument)630 3989 y Ft(again)j(ends)e(the)h(n)m(umeric)f(argumen)m(t,)i(but)e(is)h (otherwise)g(ignored.)45 b(As)32 b(a)g(sp)s(ecial)h(case,)630 4098 y(if)g(this)g(command)f(is)h(immediately)h(follo)m(w)m(ed)h(b)m(y) d(a)h(c)m(haracter)i(that)e(is)g(neither)g(a)g(digit)630 4208 y(or)28 b(min)m(us)f(sign,)i(the)f(argumen)m(t)g(coun)m(t)h(for)e (the)i(next)f(command)f(is)h(m)m(ultiplied)h(b)m(y)e(four.)630 4317 y(The)37 b(argumen)m(t)h(coun)m(t)f(is)h(initially)h(one,)g(so)f (executing)g(this)f(function)g(the)h(\014rst)e(time)630 4427 y(mak)m(es)d(the)e(argumen)m(t)i(coun)m(t)f(four,)f(a)i(second)e (time)i(mak)m(es)f(the)g(argumen)m(t)g(coun)m(t)h(six-)630 4537 y(teen,)e(and)f(so)h(on.)40 b(By)31 b(default,)g(this)f(is)g(not)h (b)s(ound)d(to)j(a)g(k)m(ey)-8 b(.)150 4732 y Fj(8.4.6)63 b(Letting)40 b(Readline)h(T)m(yp)s(e)g(F)-10 b(or)42 b(Y)-10 b(ou)150 4902 y Fs(complete)28 b(\(TAB\))630 5011 y Ft(A)m(ttempt)c(to)f(p)s(erform)e(completion)j(on)f(the)g(text)g (b)s(efore)f(p)s(oin)m(t.)39 b(The)22 b(actual)i(completion)630 5121 y(p)s(erformed)33 b(is)h(application-sp)s(eci\014c.)53 b(Bash)35 b(attempts)g(completion)g(treating)h(the)e(text)630 5230 y(as)39 b(a)h(v)-5 b(ariable)39 b(\(if)h(the)f(text)h(b)s(egins)e (with)h(`)p Fs($)p Ft('\),)j(username)c(\(if)i(the)f(text)h(b)s(egins)e (with)630 5340 y(`)p Fs(~)p Ft('\),)31 b(hostname)f(\(if)g(the)g(text)h (b)s(egins)e(with)h(`)p Fs(@)p Ft('\),)h(or)f(command)f(\(including)h (aliases)i(and)p eop end %%Page: 113 119 TeXDict begin 113 118 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(113)630 299 y(functions\))35 b(in)f(turn.)53 b(If)34 b(none)g(of)h(these)h(pro)s(duces)d(a)i(matc)m (h,)i(\014lename)e(completion)h(is)630 408 y(attempted.)150 573 y Fs(possible-completions)25 b(\(M-?\))630 682 y Ft(List)35 b(the)g(p)s(ossible)f(completions)i(of)e(the)h(text)h(b)s (efore)e(p)s(oin)m(t.)54 b(When)34 b(displa)m(ying)h(com-)630 792 y(pletions,)f(Readline)f(sets)f(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)i (columns)f(used)f(for)i(displa)m(y)f(to)h(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)33 b(of)630 902 y Fs(completion-display-width)o Ft(,)g(the)j(v)-5 b(alue)37 b(of)g(the)f(en)m(vironmen)m(t)h(v)-5 b(ariable)38 b Fs(COLUMNS)p Ft(,)630 1011 y(or)30 b(the)h(screen)f (width,)g(in)g(that)h(order.)150 1176 y Fs(insert-completions)25 b(\(M-*\))630 1285 y Ft(Insert)30 b(all)h(completions)h(of)f(the)g (text)g(b)s(efore)f(p)s(oin)m(t)h(that)g(w)m(ould)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s (een)e(generated)630 1395 y(b)m(y)g Fs(possible-completions)p Ft(.)150 1559 y Fs(menu-complete)d(\(\))630 1669 y Ft(Similar)d(to)g Fs(complete)p Ft(,)f(but)h(replaces)g(the)g(w)m(ord)g(to)g(b)s(e)f (completed)i(with)e(a)i(single)f(matc)m(h)630 1778 y(from)37 b(the)h(list)h(of)f(p)s(ossible)f(completions.)64 b(Rep)s(eated)39 b(execution)g(of)f Fs(menu-complete)630 1888 y Ft(steps)i(through)g (the)g(list)h(of)f(p)s(ossible)g(completions,)k(inserting)c(eac)m(h)i (matc)m(h)f(in)f(turn.)630 1998 y(A)m(t)e(the)f(end)f(of)h(the)g(list)g (of)g(completions,)i(the)e(b)s(ell)g(is)g(rung)f(\(sub)5 b(ject)36 b(to)i(the)f(setting)630 2107 y(of)f Fs(bell-style)p Ft(\))e(and)h(the)h(original)i(text)f(is)f(restored.)57 b(An)36 b(argumen)m(t)h(of)f Fq(n)f Ft(mo)m(v)m(es)i Fq(n)630 2217 y Ft(p)s(ositions)e(forw)m(ard)f(in)g(the)h(list)h(of)e (matc)m(hes;)39 b(a)c(negativ)m(e)i(argumen)m(t)e(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f (used)g(to)630 2326 y(mo)m(v)m(e)40 b(bac)m(kw)m(ard)e(through)g(the)g (list.)65 b(This)38 b(command)g(is)g(in)m(tended)g(to)h(b)s(e)f(b)s (ound)e(to)630 2436 y Fs(TAB)p Ft(,)30 b(but)f(is)i(un)m(b)s(ound)d(b)m (y)i(default.)150 2600 y Fs(menu-complete-backward)24 b(\(\))630 2710 y Ft(Iden)m(tical)36 b(to)g Fs(menu-complete)p Ft(,)d(but)h(mo)m(v)m(es)j(bac)m(kw)m(ard)e(through)f(the)i(list)f(of)g (p)s(ossible)630 2819 y(completions,)d(as)e(if)h Fs(menu-complete)26 b 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b(TIONS)330 4658 y(Y)g(ou)26 b(ma)m(y)g(cop)m(y)g(and)f(distribute)g(a) h(Mo)s(di\014ed)f(V)-8 b(ersion)26 b(of)g(the)g(Do)s(cumen)m(t)g(under) e(the)h(conditions)330 4768 y(of)c(sections)h(2)g(and)e(3)h(ab)s(o)m(v) m(e,)k(pro)m(vided)20 b(that)i(y)m(ou)f(release)i(the)e(Mo)s(di\014ed)f (V)-8 b(ersion)22 b(under)d(precisely)330 4877 y(this)29 b(License,)h(with)f(the)g(Mo)s(di\014ed)f(V)-8 b(ersion)30 b(\014lling)f(the)g(role)h(of)f(the)g(Do)s(cumen)m(t,)h(th)m(us)f (licensing)330 4987 y(distribution)k(and)h(mo)s(di\014cation)g(of)h (the)f(Mo)s(di\014ed)f(V)-8 b(ersion)35 b(to)g(who)s(ev)m(er)f(p)s (ossesses)f(a)i(cop)m(y)g(of)330 5096 y(it.)41 b(In)30 b(addition,)h(y)m(ou)f(m)m(ust)h(do)f(these)h(things)f(in)g(the)h(Mo)s (di\014ed)e(V)-8 b(ersion:)357 5230 y(A.)60 b(Use)33 b(in)f(the)h(Title)h(P)m(age)g(\(and)f(on)f(the)h(co)m(v)m(ers,)i(if)e (an)m(y\))g(a)g(title)h(distinct)f(from)g(that)g(of)g(the)510 5340 y(Do)s(cumen)m(t,)j(and)d(from)g(those)i(of)f(previous)f(v)m (ersions)h(\(whic)m(h)g(should,)g(if)g(there)g(w)m(ere)g(an)m(y)-8 b(,)p eop end %%Page: 150 156 TeXDict begin 150 155 bop 150 -116 a Ft(150)2527 b(Bash)31 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)510 299 y(b)s(e)g(listed)h(in)f(the)g(History)h (section)g(of)g(the)f(Do)s(cumen)m(t\).)45 b(Y)-8 b(ou)32 b(ma)m(y)g(use)f(the)g(same)h(title)h(as)510 408 y(a)e(previous)f(v)m (ersion)g(if)h(the)f(original)i(publisher)d(of)h(that)h(v)m(ersion)g (giv)m(es)h(p)s(ermission.)360 545 y(B.)61 b(List)31 b(on)f(the)h(Title)g(P)m(age,)i(as)d(authors,)h(one)g(or)f(more)h(p)s (ersons)e(or)h(en)m(tities)j(resp)s(onsible)c(for)510 655 y(authorship)c(of)h(the)h(mo)s(di\014cations)f(in)g(the)g(Mo)s (di\014ed)f(V)-8 b(ersion,)28 b(together)g(with)d(at)i(least)h(\014v)m (e)510 765 y(of)c(the)g(principal)g(authors)f(of)i(the)f(Do)s(cumen)m (t)g(\(all)h(of)g(its)f(principal)g(authors,)h(if)f(it)g(has)g(few)m (er)510 874 y(than)30 b(\014v)m(e\),)h(unless)f(they)h(release)g(y)m (ou)g(from)f(this)g(requiremen)m(t.)359 1011 y(C.)60 b(State)32 b(on)e(the)h(Title)h(page)f(the)g(name)g(of)g(the)g (publisher)e(of)i(the)g(Mo)s(di\014ed)f(V)-8 b(ersion,)32 b(as)f(the)510 1121 y(publisher.)355 1258 y(D.)61 b(Preserv)m(e)31 b(all)g(the)g(cop)m(yrigh)m(t)h(notices)f(of)g(the)f(Do)s(cumen)m(t.) 363 1395 y(E.)60 b(Add)30 b(an)i(appropriate)f(cop)m(yrigh)m(t)i (notice)f(for)g(y)m(our)f(mo)s(di\014cations)g(adjacen)m(t)i(to)f(the)g (other)510 1504 y(cop)m(yrigh)m(t)g(notices.)365 1641 y(F.)61 b(Include,)28 b(immediately)h(after)f(the)h(cop)m(yrigh)m(t)g (notices,)h(a)e(license)h(notice)g(giving)g(the)f(public)510 1751 y(p)s(ermission)23 b(to)j(use)e(the)g(Mo)s(di\014ed)g(V)-8 b(ersion)25 b(under)e(the)i(terms)f(of)h(this)f(License,)j(in)d(the)g (form)510 1861 y(sho)m(wn)30 b(in)g(the)g(Addendum)f(b)s(elo)m(w.)353 1998 y(G.)61 b(Preserv)m(e)23 b(in)g(that)g(license)h(notice)g(the)f (full)g(lists)g(of)g(In)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)23 b(Sections)h(and)e (required)g(Co)m(v)m(er)510 2107 y(T)-8 b(exts)31 b(giv)m(en)g(in)f (the)h(Do)s(cumen)m(t's)g(license)h(notice.)357 2244 y(H.)60 b(Include)30 b(an)g(unaltered)g(cop)m(y)h(of)g(this)f(License.) 392 2381 y(I.)60 b(Preserv)m(e)33 b(the)f(section)h(En)m(titled)g (\\History",)h(Preserv)m(e)f(its)f(Title,)i(and)d(add)h(to)h(it)f(an)g (item)510 2491 y(stating)d(at)g(least)g(the)g(title,)h(y)m(ear,)g(new)d (authors,)i(and)e(publisher)f(of)j(the)f(Mo)s(di\014ed)f(V)-8 b(ersion)510 2600 y(as)32 b(giv)m(en)g(on)f(the)h(Title)g(P)m(age.)45 b(If)31 b(there)h(is)f(no)g(section)i(En)m(titled)f(\\History")h(in)e (the)g(Do)s(cu-)510 2710 y(men)m(t,)37 b(create)f(one)f(stating)h(the)f (title,)i(y)m(ear,)g(authors,)f(and)e(publisher)f(of)i(the)g(Do)s (cumen)m(t)510 2819 y(as)h(giv)m(en)h(on)f(its)h(Title)g(P)m(age,)i (then)d(add)g(an)g(item)g(describing)g(the)g(Mo)s(di\014ed)g(V)-8 b(ersion)37 b(as)510 2929 y(stated)31 b(in)f(the)h(previous)f(sen)m (tence.)378 3066 y(J.)60 b(Preserv)m(e)33 b(the)g(net)m(w)m(ork)g(lo)s (cation,)i(if)d(an)m(y)-8 b(,)34 b(giv)m(en)f(in)g(the)f(Do)s(cumen)m (t)h(for)g(public)e(access)j(to)510 3176 y(a)e(T)-8 b(ransparen)m(t)30 b(cop)m(y)i(of)g(the)f(Do)s(cumen)m(t,)h(and)f(lik)m(ewise)h(the)g(net) m(w)m(ork)g(lo)s(cations)g(giv)m(en)g(in)510 3285 y(the)g(Do)s(cumen)m (t)g(for)g(previous)f(v)m(ersions)h(it)g(w)m(as)g(based)f(on.)45 b(These)31 b(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(placed)h(in)g(the)510 3395 y(\\History")27 b(section.)40 b(Y)-8 b(ou)25 b(ma)m(y)h(omit)g(a)f(net) m(w)m(ork)h(lo)s(cation)g(for)f(a)h(w)m(ork)f(that)g(w)m(as)h (published)510 3504 y(at)36 b(least)h(four)e(y)m(ears)i(b)s(efore)e (the)h(Do)s(cumen)m(t)h(itself,)h(or)d(if)h(the)g(original)h(publisher) d(of)i(the)510 3614 y(v)m(ersion)31 b(it)g(refers)f(to)h(giv)m(es)h(p)s (ermission.)354 3751 y(K.)60 b(F)-8 b(or)24 b(an)m(y)h(section)f(En)m (titled)h(\\Ac)m(kno)m(wledgemen)m(ts")i(or)d(\\Dedications",)k (Preserv)m(e)c(the)g(Title)510 3861 y(of)j(the)f(section,)j(and)d (preserv)m(e)h(in)f(the)h(section)g(all)h(the)e(substance)h(and)f(tone) h(of)f(eac)m(h)i(of)f(the)510 3970 y(con)m(tributor)k(ac)m(kno)m (wledgemen)m(ts)i(and/or)d(dedications)h(giv)m(en)h(therein.)368 4107 y(L.)60 b(Preserv)m(e)36 b(all)g(the)g(In)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)36 b(Sections)g(of)f(the)h(Do)s(cumen)m(t,)h(unaltered)f (in)f(their)g(text)i(and)510 4217 y(in)f(their)g(titles.)58 b(Section)37 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)d(or)i(the)g(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)38 b(are)e(not)g(considered)g(part)g(of)g(the)510 4326 y(section)c(titles.)341 4463 y(M.)61 b(Delete)33 b(an)m(y)e(section)h(En)m(titled)f(\\Endorsemen)m(ts".)42 b(Suc)m(h)30 b(a)i(section)f(ma)m(y)h(not)f(b)s(e)f(included)510 4573 y(in)g(the)h(Mo)s(di\014ed)e(V)-8 b(ersion.)357 4710 y(N.)60 b(Do)29 b(not)g(retitle)h(an)m(y)e(existing)i(section)f (to)g(b)s(e)f(En)m(titled)h(\\Endorsemen)m(ts")g(or)f(to)h(con\015ict)g (in)510 4819 y(title)j(with)e(an)m(y)h(In)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)31 b(Section.)354 4956 y(O.)60 b(Preserv)m(e)31 b(an)m(y)g(W)-8 b(arran)m(t)m(y)32 b(Disclaimers.)330 5121 y(If)h(the)g(Mo)s(di\014ed)g (V)-8 b(ersion)34 b(includes)f(new)g(fron)m(t-matter)i(sections)f(or)f (app)s(endices)g(that)h(qualify)330 5230 y(as)28 b(Secondary)g (Sections)g(and)f(con)m(tain)j(no)d(material)j(copied)e(from)f(the)h (Do)s(cumen)m(t,)i(y)m(ou)e(ma)m(y)g(at)330 5340 y(y)m(our)k(option)h (designate)h(some)e(or)h(all)g(of)f(these)h(sections)h(as)e(in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t.)48 b(T)-8 b(o)33 b(do)f(this,)h(add)f(their)p eop end %%Page: 151 157 TeXDict begin 151 156 bop 150 -116 a Ft(App)s(endix)29 b(C:)h(GNU)h(F)-8 b(ree)31 b(Do)s(cumen)m(tation)i(License)1560 b(151)330 299 y(titles)37 b(to)f(the)f(list)h(of)g(In)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)36 b(Sections)g(in)f(the)h(Mo)s(di\014ed)f(V)-8 b(ersion's)36 b(license)g(notice.)57 b(These)330 408 y(titles)32 b(m)m(ust)e(b)s(e)g(distinct)h(from)e(an)m(y)i(other)g (section)g(titles.)330 551 y(Y)-8 b(ou)43 b(ma)m(y)g(add)f(a)g(section) i(En)m(titled)f(\\Endorsemen)m(ts",)j(pro)m(vided)c(it)h(con)m(tains)g (nothing)g(but)330 661 y(endorsemen)m(ts)30 b(of)g(y)m(our)f(Mo)s (di\014ed)g(V)-8 b(ersion)31 b(b)m(y)e(v)-5 b(arious)30 b(parties|for)g(example,)g(statemen)m(ts)i(of)330 770 y(p)s(eer)27 b(review)g(or)g(that)h(the)f(text)i(has)d(b)s(een)h(appro) m(v)m(ed)g(b)m(y)g(an)h(organization)h(as)e(the)h(authoritativ)m(e)330 880 y(de\014nition)i(of)h(a)f(standard.)330 1022 y(Y)-8 b(ou)29 b(ma)m(y)g(add)e(a)i(passage)g(of)g(up)e(to)i(\014v)m(e)g(w)m (ords)e(as)i(a)g(F)-8 b(ron)m(t-Co)m(v)m(er)30 b(T)-8 b(ext,)30 b(and)e(a)g(passage)i(of)e(up)330 1132 y(to)g(25)g(w)m(ords)e (as)i(a)f(Bac)m(k-Co)m(v)m(er)j(T)-8 b(ext,)29 b(to)f(the)f(end)f(of)i (the)f(list)h(of)f(Co)m(v)m(er)h(T)-8 b(exts)27 b(in)g(the)h(Mo)s (di\014ed)330 1241 y(V)-8 b(ersion.)58 b(Only)35 b(one)h(passage)h(of)f (F)-8 b(ron)m(t-Co)m(v)m(er)38 b(T)-8 b(ext)36 b(and)g(one)g(of)g(Bac)m (k-Co)m(v)m(er)j(T)-8 b(ext)36 b(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)330 1351 y(added)27 b(b)m(y)g(\(or)h(through)f(arrangemen)m(ts)h(made)g(b)m(y\)) g(an)m(y)g(one)f(en)m(tit)m(y)-8 b(.)42 b(If)27 b(the)h(Do)s(cumen)m(t) g(already)330 1461 y(includes)34 b(a)g(co)m(v)m(er)h(text)g(for)f(the)g (same)h(co)m(v)m(er,)h(previously)e(added)f(b)m(y)h(y)m(ou)g(or)g(b)m (y)g(arrangemen)m(t)330 1570 y(made)h(b)m(y)g(the)h(same)f(en)m(tit)m (y)i(y)m(ou)f(are)f(acting)i(on)e(b)s(ehalf)f(of,)j(y)m(ou)f(ma)m(y)g (not)f(add)g(another;)j(but)330 1680 y(y)m(ou)c(ma)m(y)h(replace)g(the) f(old)g(one,)i(on)e(explicit)h(p)s(ermission)e(from)g(the)i(previous)e (publisher)f(that)330 1789 y(added)e(the)g(old)h(one.)330 1932 y(The)25 b(author\(s\))h(and)f(publisher\(s\))f(of)i(the)f(Do)s (cumen)m(t)h(do)g(not)f(b)m(y)h(this)f(License)h(giv)m(e)h(p)s (ermission)330 2041 y(to)k(use)f(their)g(names)h(for)f(publicit)m(y)g (for)h(or)f(to)h(assert)g(or)f(imply)g(endorsemen)m(t)g(of)h(an)m(y)g (Mo)s(di\014ed)330 2151 y(V)-8 b(ersion.)199 2293 y(5.)61 b(COMBINING)31 b(DOCUMENTS)330 2436 y(Y)-8 b(ou)39 b(ma)m(y)g(com)m (bine)h(the)f(Do)s(cumen)m(t)g(with)g(other)f(do)s(cumen)m(ts)h (released)g(under)f(this)g(License,)330 2545 y(under)f(the)h(terms)g (de\014ned)f(in)h(section)h(4)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g(for)f(mo)s(di\014ed)f (v)m(ersions,)k(pro)m(vided)d(that)h(y)m(ou)330 2655 y(include)25 b(in)g(the)g(com)m(bination)i(all)f(of)g(the)f(In)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)26 b(Sections)g(of)g(all)g(of)f(the)h(original)g(do)s (cumen)m(ts,)330 2765 y(unmo)s(di\014ed,)g(and)g(list)h(them)g(all)g (as)g(In)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)28 b(Sections)f(of)g(y)m(our)g(com)m(bined) g(w)m(ork)f(in)h(its)g(license)330 2874 y(notice,)32 b(and)e(that)h(y)m(ou)f(preserv)m(e)h(all)g(their)g(W)-8 b(arran)m(t)m(y)32 b(Disclaimers.)330 3017 y(The)e(com)m(bined)g(w)m (ork)h(need)e(only)i(con)m(tain)g(one)g(cop)m(y)g(of)f(this)g(License,) i(and)d(m)m(ultiple)i(iden)m(tical)330 3126 y(In)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)33 b(Sections)g(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(replaced)h(with)f(a)h (single)g(cop)m(y)-8 b(.)48 b(If)32 b(there)h(are)g(m)m(ultiple)g(In)m (v)-5 b(arian)m(t)330 3236 y(Sections)27 b(with)g(the)g(same)g(name)g (but)f(di\013eren)m(t)h(con)m(ten)m(ts,)i(mak)m(e)f(the)f(title)h(of)f (eac)m(h)h(suc)m(h)f(section)330 3345 y(unique)33 b(b)m(y)h(adding)f (at)i(the)f(end)g(of)g(it,)h(in)f(paren)m(theses,)i(the)e(name)g(of)g (the)g(original)h(author)f(or)330 3455 y(publisher)23 b(of)i(that)h(section)g(if)f(kno)m(wn,)h(or)f(else)h(a)f(unique)f(n)m (um)m(b)s(er.)38 b(Mak)m(e)26 b(the)g(same)f(adjustmen)m(t)330 3565 y(to)g(the)g(section)g(titles)h(in)e(the)h(list)g(of)f(In)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)26 b(Sections)f(in)f(the)g(license)i(notice)g(of)e(the)h (com)m(bined)330 3674 y(w)m(ork.)330 3817 y(In)41 b(the)g(com)m (bination,)46 b(y)m(ou)41 b(m)m(ust)g(com)m(bine)h(an)m(y)g(sections)g (En)m(titled)g(\\History")h(in)e(the)g(v)-5 b(ari-)330 3926 y(ous)32 b(original)h(do)s(cumen)m(ts,)g(forming)f(one)g(section)h (En)m(titled)g(\\History";)i(lik)m(ewise)f(com)m(bine)f(an)m(y)330 4036 y(sections)g(En)m(titled)f(\\Ac)m(kno)m(wledgemen)m(ts",)k(and)31 b(an)m(y)h(sections)h(En)m(titled)g(\\Dedications".)47 b(Y)-8 b(ou)330 4145 y(m)m(ust)30 b(delete)i(all)f(sections)h(En)m 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