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Options,)144 690 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 702 Q F3 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 714 Q F3 -.1(ke)5.158 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.658(as the k)5.348 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af).15 F 2.659 (fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.659 E F3 -.1(ke) 180 726 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.193(names are)5.883 F F3 3.193 (emacs, emacs\255standar)5.693 F 3.192 (d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E F0(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(1)203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 2 2 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(vi\255command)180 84 Q F0 4.429(,a)C(nd)-4.429 E F1 (vi\255insert)4.429 E F0(.).68 E F1(vi)6.929 E F0 1.929(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.929(lent to).25 F F1(vi\255command)4.429 E F0(;)A F1 (emacs)4.429 E F0 1.929(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.93(lent to).25 F F1(emacs\255standar)180 96 Q(d)-.37 E F0(.)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 144 108 Q F0(List the names of all)27.52 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G (adline).18 E F0(functions.)2.5 E F2144 120 Q F0(Display)24.74 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 (function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc) -.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2144 132 Q F0(List current)24.19 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F2 144 144 Q F0(Display)26.41 E F2 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 G 1.155 (equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo)-.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 156 S 2.5(yt).1 G(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2144 168 Q F0(Display)24.74 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(ys)-.05 G (equences bound to macros and the strings the)-2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G (utput.)-2.5 E F2144 180 Q F0(Display)25.3 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G (adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E (alues in such a w)-.25 E(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G (an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2144 192 Q F0(List current)23.08 E F2 -.18 (re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E(alues.) -.25 E F2144 204 Q F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 216 Q .3 -.15 (ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A F2144 228 Q F1(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 240 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H(he named).1 E F1 (function)2.5 E F0(.)A F2144 252 Q F1(function)2.5 E F0 (Unbind all k)180 264 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G(ound to the named) -2.5 E F1(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F2144 276 Q F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq) -.2 E F0(Remo)180 288 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 -.15(ny c).15 H (urrent binding for).15 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(.)A F2144 300 Q F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F2(:)A F1(shell\255command)A F0(Cause) 180 312 Q F1(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe) -.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F1 -.1(ke)4.325 G (yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F(When)6.825 E F1(shell\255com-) 4.325 E(mand)180 324 Q F0 1.765(is e)4.265 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765 (cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_LINE) 4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765(riable to the contents of the).25 F F2 -.18(re)180 336 S(adline).18 E F0 1.353(line b)3.852 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353 (fer and the)-.25 F F3(READLINE_POINT)3.853 E F0 -.25(va)3.603 G 1.353 (riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.012(insertion point.)180 348 R 2.011(If the e)7.012 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011 (cuted command changes the v).15 F 2.011(alue of)-.25 F F3 (READLINE_LINE)4.511 E F0(or)4.261 E F3(READLINE_POINT)180 360 Q/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G (alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E(The return v) 144 376.8 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5 E F2(br)108 393.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A .054 (Exit from within a)144 405.6 R F2 -.25(fo)2.554 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F2 (while)2.554 E F0(,)A F2(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F2 (select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. 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The)-.15 F .214(return v)2.714 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 429.6 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F2 -.2 (bu)108 446.4 S(iltin).2 E F1(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 458.4 Q .792 (ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .792(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F1 (ar)3.293 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.293(,a).27 G .793(nd return its e)-3.293 F .793(xit status.)-.15 F .793(This is useful)5.793 F .616 (when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 470.4 R .615(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 482.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F2(cd)3.07 E F0 -.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E 5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 494.4 Q(alse if)-.1 E F1(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E (uiltin command.)-.2 E F2(caller)108 511.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)C(pr) .2 E F0(])A .254(Returns the conte)144 523.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F 2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254 (ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .254(cuted with the).15 F F2(.)2.753 E F0(or)2.753 E F2(sour)144 535.2 Q (ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.062 G 3.062(iltins. W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F1 -.2 (ex)3.062 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F2(caller)3.062 E F0 .562 (displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)3.062 F .254(subroutine call.)144 547.2 R .254(If a non-ne)5.254 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .554 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 F F1 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F2(caller)2.753 E F0 .253 (displays the line number)2.753 F 2.753(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.753 E 1.327(rou\ tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\ ent e)144 559.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.328(cution call stack.).15 F .001 (This e)144 571.2 R .001(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 F .001 (xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F(The current frame is frame)5 E 3.019(0. The)144 583.2 R .519(return v)3.019 F .519 (alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .52 (cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F1 -.2(ex)3.02 G(pr).2 E F0 .52 (does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 595.2 Q (alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F2(cd)108 612 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 (\255L|-P)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .21 (Change the current directory to)144 624 R F1(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21(.T)C .21(he v)-5.21 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(HOME)2.71 E F0 .21(is the def)2.46 F (ault)-.1 E F1(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21(.T).73 G .21(he v)-5.21 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(CDP)2.71 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .776 (de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)144 636 R F1 (dir)3.276 E F0 5.777(.A).73 G(lternati)-5.777 E 1.077 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .777(irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)3.277 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .764(are separated by a colon \(:\).)144 648 R 3.264(An)5.764 G .764 (ull directory name in)-3.264 F F3(CDP)3.264 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .764(is the same as the current direc-)3.014 F(tory)144 660 Q 2.973 (,i)-.65 G .473(.e., `)-2.973 F(`)-.74 E F2(.)A F0 -.74('')C 5.473(.I) .74 G(f)-5.473 E F1(dir)3.323 E F0(be)3.703 E .474 (gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F3(CDP)2.974 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) .855 E F0 .474(is not used. The)2.724 F F22.974 E F0 .474 (option says to use)2.974 F .58(the ph)144 672 R .58 (ysical directory structure instead of follo)-.05 F .579 (wing symbolic links \(see also the)-.25 F F23.079 E F0 .579 (option to the)3.079 F F2(set)144 684 Q F0 -.2(bu)3.383 G .883 (iltin command\); the).2 F F23.383 E F0 .884 (option forces symbolic links to be follo)3.384 F 3.384(wed. An)-.25 F (ar)3.384 E .884(gument of)-.18 F F23.384 E F0(is)3.384 E(equi)144 696 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .316(lent to).25 F F3($OLDPWD)2.816 E F4(.)A F0 .316(If a non-empty directory name from)4.816 F F3(CDP)2.815 E -.855(AT) -.666 G(H).855 E F0 .315(is used, or if)2.565 F F22.815 E F0 .315 (is the \214rst)2.815 F(ar)144 708 Q .116(gument, and the directory cha\ nge is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)-.18 F 2.616(ww)-.25 G .116(orking direc-)-2.716 F 1.165 (tory is written to the standard output.)144 720 R 1.164(The return v) 6.164 F 1.164(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 F 1.164 (as successfully)-.1 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(2) 203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 3 3 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(changed; f) 144 84 Q(alse otherwise.)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(command)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pVv)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F0 ([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 112.8 Q F2(command)2.956 E F0(with)3.527 E F2(ar)3.087 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .257 (suppressing the normal shell function lookup. Only b)3.027 F .257 (uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 124.8 R/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F13.002 E F0 .502 (option is gi)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F2 (command)3.201 E F0(is)3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 136.8 R .399(ault v)-.1 F .399(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .4(that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F (If)5.4 E .175(either the)144 148.8 R F12.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F1 2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F2 (command)2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F12.674 E F0 .174(option causes)2.674 F 3.11(as)144 160.8 S .61(ingle w)-3.11 F .61(ord indicating the command or \214le name used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo) -.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2(command)3.41 E F0 .61(to be displayed; the)3.88 F F1144 172.8 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 (erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F12.749 E F0(or) 2.749 E F12.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 (xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 184.8 R F2(command)3.704 E F0 -.1 (wa)4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 (If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F2 (command)144.2 196.8 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 (xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 (xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 208.8 S (iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F1 (compgen)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(wor)-2.5 E(d) -.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 237.6 R F2(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F2(option)2.513 E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982 (accepted by the)144 249.6 R F1(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 (iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F13.481 E F0(and) 3.481 E F13.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) -3.481 F 1.415(standard output.)144 261.6 R 1.415(When using the)6.415 F F13.915 E F0(or)3.915 E F13.915 E F0 1.415(options, the v) 3.915 F 1.415(arious shell v)-.25 F 1.415(ariables set by the pro-)-.25 F(grammable completion f)144 273.6 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va) -.2 G(ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.) -.25 E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 297.6 R .352 (ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 309.6 R(If)5.02 E F2(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) 2.52 F(those completions matching)144 321.6 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 (will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 345.6 Q (alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G (lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F1 (complete)108 362.4 Q F0([)3.729 E F1(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.729(][)C F1-3.729 E F2(comp-option)3.729 E F0 3.729(][)C F1(\255DE)-3.729 E F0 3.728(][)C F1-3.728 E F2(action)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F1 -3.728 E F2(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F1-3.728 E F2(wor)3.728 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.728(][)C F1-3.728 E F2(func-)3.728 E(tion)108 374.4 Q F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 386.4 Q F1A F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E (e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(]) A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name ...)A F0(])A F1(complete \255pr)108 398.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .634(Specify ho)144 410.4 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634 (uments to each).18 F F2(name)3.134 E F0 .634(should be completed.)3.134 F .633(If the)5.634 F F13.133 E F0 .633 (option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139(options are supplied, e)144 422.4 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F .14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.) 144 434.4 R(The)5.31 E F12.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve) -.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F2 (name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F2(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.346 (are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 446.4 R(The)6.347 E F13.847 E F0 1.347(option indicates that the remaining options) 3.847 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 458.4 R(`def)-.74 E (ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 470.4 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 (viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F13.455 E F0 .955 (option indicates that)3.455 F .065 (the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 482.4 R (`empty')-.74 E 2.564('c)-.74 G .064 (ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.564 F (tion attempted on a blank line.)144 494.4 Q 1.437 (The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 518.4 R 1.438(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 530.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E (ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .556 (Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 554.4 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 (he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555 (guments to the)-.18 F F13.055 E F0(,)A F13.055 E F0 3.055 (,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F13.055 E F0 .722(options \(and, if necessary) 144 566.4 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F13.222 E F0(and)3.222 E F13.222 E F0 .723 (options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E (sion before the)144 578.4 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1144 590.4 Q F2(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 602.4 Q F2(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291 (controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') .15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 (yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 614.4 Q F2 (comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 626.4 Q F0 .281(Perform the rest of the def)224 638.4 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 650.4 Q F1(default)184 662.4 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')10 F 5.376(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.376 E 2.875 (ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) 224 674.4 Q F1(dir)184 686.4 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name c\ ompletion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 698.4 Q (GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(3)203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 4 4 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF(\214lenames)184 84 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 96 S .137(ll readli\ ne that the compspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.637 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik) 224 108 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 (dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45 (cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 120 R .45 (Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 132 Q F1(nospace) 184 144 Q F0 -.7(Te)6.11 G .22 (ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1 F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 156 Q F1(plusdirs) 184 168 Q F0 1.985(After an)5.54 F 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 (atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F .584(completion is attempted and an)224 180 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 (atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 192 Q F1144 204 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 216 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E (wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 228 Q F0(Alias names.)20.55 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 240 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 252 Q (ariable names.)-.25 E F1 4.7(binding Readline)184 264 R F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 276 S(iltin).2 E F0 (Names of shell b)11.85 E(uiltin commands.)-.2 E (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 288 Q F0(Command names.)224 300 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 312 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 324 Q (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 336 Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 348 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 360 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)6.66 E(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 372 Q F0(Names of e)12.23 E(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) -.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 384 Q F0(File names.)27.22 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 396 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 408 Q F1 (gr)184 420 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)14.62 E (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184 432 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 444 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 (bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 456 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 468 Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 480 Q F0 (Job names, if job control is acti)26.11 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G (ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 492 S (yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 504 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) -.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184 516 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)5.54 E -.15(ve) -.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 528 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)10.67 E (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 540 Q F0 -1.11(Va)14.45 G(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 (shopt)184 552 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)16.66 E F1 (shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 564 Q F0 (Signal names.)14.99 E F1(stopped)184 576 Q F0 (Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)6.66 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(.) .15 E F1(user)184 588 Q F0(User names.)21.67 E (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 600 S (riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)5.1 E 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F (also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 612 Q F2 (globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007(The pathname e)184 624 R 1.007(xpansion pattern) -.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.008 (xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 636 Q F1 144 648 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 660 Q F2(wor)3.64 E (dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F3 (IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and) -.25 F 2.007(each resultant w)184 672 R 2.007(ord is e)-.1 F 4.507 (xpanded. The)-.15 F 2.008(possible completions are the members of the) 4.507 F(resultant list which match the w)184 684 Q(ord being completed.) -.1 E F1144 696 Q F2(command)2.5 E(command)184 708 Q F0 1.056 (is e)3.556 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 (vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) 184 720 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(4)203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 5 5 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(function)2.5 E F0 1.18(The shell function)184 96 R F2(function)3.68 E F0 1.181(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.181(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 3.681 (vironment. When)-.4 F 1.181(it \214n-)3.681 F .932 (ishes, the possible completions are retrie)184 108 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.432(df).15 G .932(rom the v)-3.432 F .932(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)3.431 E(Y)-.828 E F0(array)3.181 E -.25(va)184 120 S(riable.).25 E F1144 132 Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat) 184 144 Q F0 .455(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.955 F 2.956 (xpansion. It)-.15 F .456(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 156 R 1.596(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 168 Q F2 (\214lterpat)3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!) 3.204 E F0(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 180 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G (ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E F1144 192 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) 184 204 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 216 Q F1144 228 Q F2(suf)2.5 E 2.81(\214x suf)-.18 F<8c78>-.18 E F0 (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E .466(The return v)144 244.8 R .466(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 (lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F12.967 E F0 (or)2.967 E F12.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362 (plied without a)144 256.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 (gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H 1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 268.8 Q F0 (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E F1(compopt)108 285.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 (name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 297.6 R F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 .447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution).15 E .726 (completion if no)144 309.6 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 (re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725 (n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 321.6 Q F2(name) 3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v) 5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 333.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) 2.798 G .298(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he) -5.297 E F12.797 E F0 .297 (option indicates that the remaining options should apply to)2.797 F 1.227(the `)144 345.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ no)-3.727 F 2.178(completion has pre)144 357.6 R 2.178 (viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.178 E F14.678 E F0 2.177 (option indicates that the remaining options)4.677 F(should apply to `) 144 369.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)-2.5 E .327(The return v)108 386.4 R .327(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .327 (lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the options for a) .25 F F2(name)108 398.4 Q F0(for which no completion speci\214cation e) 2.5 E(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 415.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 427.2 R 1.754 (xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1 (select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.613 E F0 1.753 (is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 439.2 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F4 10 /Symbol SF3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 (is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .514 (loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 451.2 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513 (The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.013 E F0(is) 3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 463.2 Q F1(declar)108 480 Q (e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1 (typeset)108 492 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..]) -2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 504 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.765 (nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F -.25 (va)144 516 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F13.483 E F0 .983 (option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982 (alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F1 3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 528 Q F2(name)3.579 E F0 (ar)3.579 E 1.079(guments, additional options are ignored.)-.18 F(When) 6.079 E F13.579 E F0 1.079(is supplied without)3.579 F F2(name) 3.58 E F0(ar)3.58 E(gu-)-.18 E .151(ments, it will display the attrib) 144 540 R .151(utes and v)-.2 F .151(alues of all v)-.25 F .15 (ariables ha)-.25 F .15(ving the attrib)-.2 F .15 (utes speci\214ed by the)-.2 F .046(additional options.)144 552 R .046 (If no other options are supplied with)5.046 F F12.547 E F0(,)A F1 (declar)2.547 E(e)-.18 E F0 .047(will display the attrib)2.547 F .047 (utes and)-.2 F -.25(va)144 564 S 1.363(lues of all shell v).25 F 3.863 (ariables. The)-.25 F F13.863 E F0 1.362 (option will restrict the display to shell functions.)3.863 F(The)6.362 E F13.862 E F0 2.422(option inhibits the display of function de\ \214nitions; only the function name and attrib)144 576 R 2.423(utes are) -.2 F 2.664(printed. If)144 588 R(the)2.664 E F1(extdeb)2.664 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .164(shell option is enabled using)2.664 F F1(shopt)2.664 E F0 2.664 (,t)C .163(he source \214le name and line number)-2.664 F 1.382 (where the function is de\214ned are displayed as well.)144 600 R(The) 6.382 E F13.882 E F0 1.382(option implies)3.882 F F13.882 E F0 6.382(.T)C 1.382(he follo)-6.382 F(wing)-.25 E .794 (options can be used to restrict output to v)144 612 R .794 (ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .793(ute or to gi)-.2 F 1.093 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 624 Q(utes:)-.2 E F1 144 636 Q F0(Each)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15 (xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1144 648 Q F0(Each)23.08 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) .15 E F1144 660 Q F0(Use function names only)26.97 E(.)-.65 E F1 144 672 Q F0 .557(The v)27.52 F .558 (ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 (va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F F3 .558(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU) -1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 684 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i) .15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v)-2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v) -.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1144 696 Q F0 .91(When the v)27.52 F .909 (ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909 (-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer) -.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 708 R(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E (ute is disabled.)-.2 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(5) 203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 6 6 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F0(Mak)25.86 E(e)-.1 E/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(name)5.046 E F0 5.046(sr)C(eadonly)-5.046 E 7.546(.T) -.65 G 2.546(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.546 F 2.547 (alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 96 Q F1 144 108 Q F0(Gi)26.97 E .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name) 2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E 2.929 (ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929 E(UG) -.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F1(RETURN)2.929 E F0(traps from the calling shell.) 180 120 Q(The trace attrib)5 E(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E (ariables.)-.25 E F1144 132 Q F0 .909(When the v)24.74 F .909 (ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909 (-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-) -.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 144 R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E (ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 156 Q F0(Mark)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E (vironment.)-.4 E .121(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 172.8 R 2.621(ft)-.25 G .121(he attrib)-2.621 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .12(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.62 E F0 .12(may not be used)2.62 F .644(to destro)144 184.8 R 3.144(ya)-.1 G 3.144(na)-3.144 G .644(rray v) -3.144 F .644(ariable and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.145 E F0 .645(will not remo) 3.145 F .945 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .645(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.145 (ute. When)-.2 F .645(used in a func-)3.145 F 1.945(tion, mak)144 196.8 R 1.945(es each)-.1 F F2(name)4.445 E F0 1.945(local, as with the)4.445 F F1(local)4.444 E F0 4.444(command. If)4.444 F 4.444(av)4.444 G 1.944 (ariable name is follo)-4.694 F 1.944(wed by)-.25 F(=)144 208.8 Q F2 (value)A F0 3.238(,t)C .738(he v)-3.238 F .738(alue of the v)-.25 F .738 (ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)3.238 E F0 5.738(.T)C .738 (he return v)-5.738 F .739(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .739(lid option is).25 F .603 (encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using)144 220.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .603(\255f foo=bar)3.103 F F0 3.103(,a)C 3.103(na) -3.103 G .603(ttempt is made to)-3.103 F 1.242(assign a v)144 232.8 R 1.242(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F 1.242 (ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F 1.243 (alue to an array v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E 1.386 (without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 244.8 R F1 (Arrays)3.886 E F0(abo)3.886 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.386(\), one of the).15 F F2(names)3.886 E F0 1.386(is not a)3.886 F -.25(va)144 256.8 S .171 (lid shell v).25 F .171(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .172 (ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 268.8 R 3.46(fa) -.25 G .96(rray status for an array v)-3.46 F .96 (ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 280.8 Q (xistent function with)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(dirs [+)108 297.6 Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C(\255cplv])-2.5 E F0 -.4(Wi)144 309.6 S .328 (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) .4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 (single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 321.6 R 1.238 (Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 333.6 Q F0(command; the)2.5 E F1(popd)2.5 E F0(command remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(se).15 G(ntries from the list.)-2.5 E F1(+)144 345.6 Q F2(n)A F0 1.564(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)4.064 E F0 1.565 (th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F1 (dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E (without options, starting with zero.)180 357.6 Q F1144 369.6 Q F2 (n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E (without options, starting with zero.)180 381.6 Q F1144 393.6 Q F0 (Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)25.86 E F1 144 405.6 Q F0 .324(Produces a longer listing; the def)27.52 F .324(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote the home direc-)-.1 F (tory)180 417.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 429.6 Q F0 (Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)24.74 E F1144 441.6 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre\ \214xing each entry with its inde)25.3 F 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772(nt)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 453.6 Q .257(The return v)144 470.4 R .258 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 (lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) -.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) .15 F(tory stack.)144 482.4 Q F1(diso)108 499.2 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 (\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 (...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 511.2 S .295(thout options, each).4 F F2(jobspec) 4.535 E F0 .295(is remo)3.105 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.795(df).15 G .295 (rom the table of acti)-2.795 F .595 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.795(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.535 E F0 .295(is not present,)3.105 F .422(and neither) 144 523.2 R F12.922 E F0(nor)2.922 E F12.922 E F0 .422 (is supplied, the shell')2.922 F 2.922(sn)-.55 G .422(otion of the) -2.922 F F2(curr)2.923 E .423(ent job)-.37 F F0 .423(is used.)2.923 F .423(If the)5.423 F F12.923 E F0 .423(option is)2.923 F(gi)144 535.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .141(n, each).15 F F2(jobspec)4.381 E F0 .141 (is not remo)2.951 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.641(df).15 G .141 (rom the table, b)-2.641 F .141(ut is mark)-.2 F .141(ed so that)-.1 F /F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)2.641 E F0 .14(is not sent to the)2.39 F .004(job if the shell recei)144 547.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.504(sa).15 G F4 (SIGHUP)A/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .004(If no)4.504 F F2(jobspec) 4.244 E F0 .004(is present, and neither the)2.814 F F12.504 E F0 .005(nor the)2.504 F F12.505 E F0 .005(option is)2.505 F 1.229 (supplied, the)144 559.2 R F2(curr)3.729 E 1.229(ent job)-.37 F F0 1.229 (is used.)3.729 F 1.229(If no)6.229 F F2(jobspec)5.469 E F0 1.229 (is supplied, the)4.039 F F13.729 E F0 1.228(option means to remo) 3.729 F 1.528 -.15(ve o)-.15 H(r).15 E .656(mark all jobs; the)144 571.2 R F13.156 E F0 .657(option without a)3.156 F F2(jobspec)4.897 E F0 (ar)3.467 E .657(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F(The) 5.657 E(return v)144 583.2 Q(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E F1(echo)108 600 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .395(Output the)144 612 R F2(ar)2.895 E(g)-.37 E F0 .395 (s, separated by spaces, follo)B .395(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.895 (wline. The)-.25 F .394(return status is al)2.895 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .394 (ys 0.).1 F(If)5.394 E F12.894 E F0 .548 (is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)144 624 R .548(wline is suppressed.) -.25 F .548(If the)5.548 F F13.048 E F0 .548(option is gi)3.048 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .548(n, interpretation of the fol-).15 F(lo)144 636 Q .053(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)5.053 E F1 2.553 E F0 .052(option disables the interpretation of these)2.552 F 1.502(escape characters, e)144 648 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.002(no).15 G 4.002(ns)-4.002 G 1.502(ystems where the)-4.002 F 4.002(ya)-.15 G 1.502 (re interpreted by def)-4.002 F 4.003(ault. The)-.1 F F1(xpg_echo)4.003 E F0(shell)4.003 E .009 (option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)144 660 R F1 (echo)2.509 E F0 -.15(ex)2.509 G .009(pands these escape characters).15 F .659(by def)144 672 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.659 E F0 .659 (does not interpret)3.159 F F13.159 E F0 .659 (to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.66 E F0 .66 (interprets the follo)3.16 F(wing)-.25 E(escape sequences:)144 684 Q F1 (\\a)144 696 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1(\\b)144 708 Q F0(backspace) 27.66 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(6)203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 7 7 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF(\\c)144 84 Q F0(suppress further output)28.78 E F1(\\e) 144 96 Q F0(an escape character)28.78 E F1(\\f)144 108 Q F0(form feed) 29.89 E F1(\\n)144 120 Q F0(ne)27.66 E 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r) 144 132 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\t)144 144 Q F0(horizontal tab) 29.89 E F1(\\v)144 156 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 168 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1(\\0)144 180 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn) A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.22 E(alue is the octal v)-.25 E (alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1 (\\x)144 192 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E (alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 (\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1 (enable)108 208.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 220.8 R .278 (uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 (uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833 (the same name as a shell b)144 232.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99 (the shell normally searches for b)144 244.8 R .989 (uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 .989 (is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F 1.581 (abled; otherwise,)144 256.8 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) 4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)4.082 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .081(instead of the shell b)144 268.8 R .081(uiltin v)-.2 F .081(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .081 (enable -n test)2.581 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F12.58 E F0 .08 (option means to load the ne)2.58 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 280.8 S 1.524 (iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.384 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524 (ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 292.8 Q F1 2.867 E F0 .367(option will delete a b)2.867 F .367(uiltin pre)-.2 F .367(viously loaded with)-.25 F F12.866 E F0 5.366(.I)C 2.866(fn) -5.366 G(o)-2.866 E F2(name)2.866 E F0(ar)2.866 E .366(guments are gi) -.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 304.8 R F1 2.898 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 (uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 F .399(guments, the)-.18 F .099(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 316.8 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F12.598 E F0 .098 (is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .098(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F (If)5.098 E F12.598 E F0 1.916 (is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 328.8 R 1.916 (uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.879 (enabled. If)144 340.8 R F12.879 E F0 .379 (is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.879 F F2(special) 2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.878 G 2.878(iltins. The).2 F .378(return v)2.878 F (alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 352.8 R F2(name)3.854 E F0 .994 (is not a shell b)3.674 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) -.2 F 3.495(wb)-.25 G .995(uiltin from a shared)-3.695 F(object.)144 364.8 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 381.6 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 393.6 Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C .671(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F .67(This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 405.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 (xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 (ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) -2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 417.6 Q (guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 (exec)108 434.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 (name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) -.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 446.4 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 (is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 (wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E (guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 458.4 R .176 (guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G (he)-2.676 E F12.676 E F0 .176 (option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177 (ginning of)-.15 F .5(the zeroth ar)144 470.4 R .5(gument passed to)-.18 F F2(command)3 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2(lo)2.999 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.499 E F12.999 E F0 .499(option causes)2.999 F F2(com-)3.199 E(mand)144 482.4 Q F0 .638 (to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 (vironment. If)-.4 F F13.138 E F0 .638 (is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the) 3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 494.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) .15 F(non-interacti)144 506.4 Q .617 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .317(hell e).15 F .317(xits, unless the shell option)-.15 F F1(execfail)2.817 E F0 .318 (is enabled, in which case it returns f)2.817 F(ail-)-.1 E 2.505 (ure. An)144 518.4 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .005 (hell returns f).15 F .005(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 2.505(cuted. If).15 F F2(command)2.705 E F0 .005 (is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 530.4 Q 3.036(yr)-.15 G .536 (edirections tak)-3.036 F 3.036(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.036 G .536 (ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 F .536 (If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 542.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G (he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 559.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 6.29(]C)C .096(ause the shell to e)-6.29 F .096(xit with a status of) -.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095 (is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command) -.15 F -.15(exe)144 571.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 588 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 600 Q F0 .256(The supplied)144 612 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257 (vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627 (commands. If)144 624 R(the)2.627 E F12.627 E F0 .127 (option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126(n, or if the).15 F F1 144 636 Q F0 .659(option is supplied, a list of all names that are e) 3.159 F .66(xported in this shell is printed.)-.15 F(The)5.66 E F1 3.16 E F0(option)3.16 E 1.587(causes the e)144 648 R 1.587 (xport property to be remo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.086(df).15 G 1.586 (rom each)-4.086 F F2(name)4.086 E F0 6.586(.I)C 4.086(fav)-6.586 G 1.586(ariable name is follo)-4.336 F 1.586(wed by)-.25 F(=)144 660 Q F2 (wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.803(,t)C .303(he v)-2.803 F .303(alue of the v)-.25 F .304(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)2.804 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 (export)5.304 E F0 .304(returns an e)2.804 F .304 (xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .294 (option is encountered, one of the)144 672 R F2(names)2.793 E F0 .293 (is not a v)2.793 F .293(alid shell v)-.25 F .293(ariable name, or)-.25 F F12.793 E F0 .293(is supplied with a)2.793 F F2(name)144.36 684 Q F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1(fc)108 700.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 <8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(7)203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 8 8 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF(fc \255s)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .477 (Fix Command.)144 96 R .478 (In the \214rst form, a range of commands from)5.477 F F2<8c72>4.888 E (st)-.1 E F0(to)3.658 E F2(last)3.068 E F0 .478 (is selected from the his-)3.658 F .882(tory list.)144 108 R F2 -.45(Fi) 5.882 G -.1(rs).45 G(t).1 E F0(and)4.062 E F2(last)3.472 E F0 .882 (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command be)4.062 F .881(ginning with)-.15 F .797(that string\) or as a number \(an inde)144 120 R 3.297(xi)-.15 G .797(nto the history list, where a ne)-3.297 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.097 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .797(umber is used as an) .15 F(of)144 132 Q .277(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F (If)5.277 E F2(last)2.867 E F0 .276 (is not speci\214ed it is set to the current command)3.457 F .092 (for listing \(so that)144 144 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .092 (fc \255l \25510)2.592 F F0 .092(prints the last 10 commands\) and to) 2.592 F F2<8c72>4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.592(otherwise. If)3.272 F F2<8c72> 4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 .093(is not)3.273 F (speci\214ed it is set to the pre)144 156 Q (vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 180 Q F12.522 E F0 .022 (option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E F12.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 (rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 192 R .438(If the)5.438 F F12.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E .335(the editor gi)144 204 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E F2 (ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do) .1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F (If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G (n,).15 E .63(the v)144 216 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 -.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25 F F4(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F4(FCEDIT) 3.131 E F0 .631(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F 1.884(ther v) 144 228 R 1.884(ariable is set, is used.)-.25 F 1.884 (When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)6.884 F -.15(exe)144 240 S(cuted.).15 E .039(In the second form,)144 264 R F2 (command)2.539 E F0 .039(is re-e)2.539 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .039 (cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)2.54 E F0 .04(is replaced by) 2.54 F F2 -.37(re)2.54 G(p).37 E F0 5.04(.A)C(useful)-2.5 E .406 (alias to use with this is)144 276 R F3 .406(r='fc \255s')2.906 F F0 2.906(,s)C 2.906(ot)-2.906 G .406(hat typing)-2.906 F F3 6.406(rc)2.906 G(c)-6.406 E F0 .406(runs the last command be)2.906 F .406(ginning with) -.15 F F3(cc)144 288 Q F0(and typing)2.5 E F3(r)2.5 E F0(re-e)2.5 E -.15 (xe)-.15 G(cutes the last command.).15 E .142 (If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 312 R .142 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 (lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 324 R .454(If the)5.454 F F12.954 E F0 .454 (option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454 (alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 336 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787 (cuted or f).15 F .788 (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F .788(If the)5.788 F 1.136 (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 348 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135 (does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 360 Q (alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E (ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 376.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) 144 388.8 Q F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413 (ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 (he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 400.8 Q 3.117(sn)-.55 G .617(otion of the)-3.117 F F2(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 (is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616 (alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 412.8 Q .362(ground, or f)-.15 F .362 (ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363 (hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 424.8 Q F0 .004(does not specify a v)2.815 F .004(alid job or)-.25 F F2(jobspec) 4.244 E F0 .004(speci\214es a job that w)2.814 F .004 (as started without job control.)-.1 F F1(getopts)108 441.6 Q F2 (optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(gs)-.37 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144 453.6 Q F0 .793 (is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F2 (optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15 (characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 465.6 R .149 (wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449 -.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 477.6 Q .578 (gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579 (The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665 (acters may not be used as option characters.)144 489.6 R 1.665 (Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts) 4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .796 (option in the shell v)144 501.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)3.296 E F0 3.296(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.296 E F2(name)3.657 E F0 .797 (if it does not e)3.477 F .797(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.297(xo)-.15 G 3.297(ft)-3.297 G .797(he ne)-3.297 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 513.6 Q .085 (gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTIND)2.585 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F4(OPTIND)4.585 E F0 .085 (is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .845 (or a shell script is in)144 525.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 (d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F1 (getopts)3.346 E F0 .846(places that ar)3.346 F(gument)-.18 E .804 (into the v)144 537.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPT)3.304 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.304 F F4(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .803 (automatically; it must be manually)3.053 F .293 (reset between multiple calls to)144 549.6 R F1(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 (within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293(cation if a ne).2 F 2.793(ws)-.25 G .294(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 561.6 Q 2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 585.6 R F1(getopts) 4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043 (alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F4(OPTIND)144 597.6 Q F0 (is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G (he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 (is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 621.6 Q F0 2.392 (normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.892 F 2.392 (ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.393(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.893 (ni).15 G(n)-4.893 E F2(ar)4.893 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F1(getopts)144 633.6 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 657.6 Q F0 1.166 (can report errors in tw)3.666 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F 1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F2(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.165 (is a colon,)3.885 F F2(silent)4.005 E F0(error)4.345 E 1.263 (reporting is used.)144 669.6 R 1.263 (In normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.263 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.263(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 681.6 R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F (ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394 (is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 693.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E F2(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .666(If an in)144 717.6 R -.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,).25 F F1(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667 (places ? into)3.167 F F2(name)3.527 E F0 .667 (and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4(and unsets)144 729.6 R F4(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F1(getopts)2.899 E F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F4 (OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q (2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(8)203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 9 9 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E (diagnostic message is printed.)144 84 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 108 R 1.241(gument is not found, and)-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts) 3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F1(?).833 E F0 3.742(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242(laced in)-3.742 F/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(name)144 120 Q F0(,).18 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPT) 2.735 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 (is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.485 F(If)5.234 E F1 (getopts)2.734 E F0 .234(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F1(:).833 E F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 132 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3(OPT) 2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F1 (getopts)144 156 Q F0 .902 (returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) 3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F (options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 168 Q F1(hash)108 184.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A -.15(Fo) 144 196.8 S 3.555(re).15 G(ach)-3.555 E F2(name)3.555 E F0 3.555(,t).18 G 1.054(he full \214le name of the command is determined by searching t\ he directories in)-3.555 F F1($P)144 208.8 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .349(and remembered.)2.849 F .349(If the)5.349 F F12.849 E F0 .349 (option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.849 F F2 (\214lename)4.76 E F0 .452 (is used as the full \214le name of the command.)144 220.8 R(The)5.452 E F12.952 E F0 .452(option causes the shell to for)2.952 F .452 (get all remem-)-.18 F .592(bered locations.)144 232.8 R(The)5.592 E F1 3.092 E F0 .593(option causes the shell to for)3.092 F .593 (get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)3.093 E F0(.)A .021 (If the)144 244.8 R F12.521 E F0 .021 (option is supplied, the full pathname to which each)2.521 F F2(name) 2.52 E F0 .02(corresponds is printed.)2.52 F .02(If multi-)5.02 F(ple) 144 256.8 Q F2(name)3.703 E F0(ar)3.703 E 1.203 (guments are supplied with)-.18 F F13.703 E F0 3.703(,t)C(he) -3.703 E F2(name)3.703 E F0 1.204 (is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.703 F(The)144 268.8 Q F1 3.216 E F0 .715(option causes output to be displayed in a format \ that may be reused as input.)3.216 F .715(If no ar)5.715 F(gu-)-.18 E 1.183(ments are gi)144 280.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.183(n, or if only).15 F F13.683 E F0 1.184 (is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)3.684 F (The return status is true unless a)144 292.8 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0 (is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.).25 E F1(help)108 309.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(pattern) -2.5 E F0(])A .867(Display helpful information about b)144 321.6 R .867 (uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 .866 (is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .306(help on all commands matching)144 333.6 R F2(pattern)2.806 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 (therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .307 (uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 345.6 Q F1 144 357.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)24.74 E F2 (pattern)2.5 E F1144 369.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) 21.97 E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G(ormat) -2.5 E F1144 381.6 Q F0 (Display only a short usage synopsis for each)26.41 E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)108 393.6 Q F2 (pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 410.4 Q F2(n)A F1(])A (history \255c)108 422.4 Q(history \255d)108 434.4 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset) -.18 E F1(history \255anrw)108 446.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A F1(history \255p)108 458.4 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 (g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 470.4 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g) -.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 482.4 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F .752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 494.4 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 (lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(HISTTIMEFOR-) 2.881 E(MA)144 506.4 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 (is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F2 (strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019 (ciated with each displayed history entry)144 518.4 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G 3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 (ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 (time stamp and the history line.)144 530.4 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) 2.676 E F0 .176 (is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F (not, the v)144 542.4 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) 2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E (wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 554.4 Q F0 (Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)25.86 E F1144 566.4 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(Delete the history entry at position) 180 578.4 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F1144 590.4 Q F0 .598 (Append the `)25.3 F(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.098('h)-.74 G .598 (istory lines \(history lines entered since the be)-3.098 F .599 (ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)180 602.4 Q F0 (session\) to the history \214le.)2.5 E F1144 614.4 Q F0 .854(Rea\ d the history lines not already read from the history \214le into the c\ urrent history list.)24.74 F .772 (These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 626.4 R .773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E (sion.)180 638.4 Q F1144 650.4 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\ ory \214le and use them as the current history)25.86 E(.)-.65 E F1 144 662.4 Q F0(Write the current history to the history \214le, o)23.08 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G (ontents.)-2.5 E F1144 674.4 Q F0 .626 (Perform history substitution on the follo)24.74 F(wing)-.25 E F2(ar) 3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 686.4 R .475 (not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar) 2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F (normal history e)180 698.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 710.4 Q F0 .363(Store the)26.41 F F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 (in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 (he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 722.4 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 (are added.)2.77 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(9)203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 10 10 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .145(If the) 144 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25 (va)2.395 G .145 (riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) .25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 96 R .669 (ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 (hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 108 R .956 (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 (wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .416 (are interpreted as timestamps for the pre)144 120 R .416 (vious history line.)-.25 F .416(The return v)5.416 F .415 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .499(option is e\ ncountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \214le\ , an in)144 132 R -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(of)3 E (fset)-.18 E F0(is)3 E(supplied as an ar)144 144 Q(gument to)-.18 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he history e) -2.5 E(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 E(gument to)-.18 E F32.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F3(jobs)108 160.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F3(jobs \255x)108 172.8 Q F2 (command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E (The \214rst form lists the acti)144 184.8 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5 (obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E (wing meanings:)-.25 E F3144 196.8 Q F0 (List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)27.52 E F3 144 208.8 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')24.74 E 2.5 (sp)-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F3144 220.8 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha)24.74 F .494 -.15(ve c) -.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 F .193(as last noti-)-.1 F (\214ed of their status.)180 232.8 Q F3144 244.8 Q F0 (Restrict output to running jobs.)25.86 E F3144 256.8 Q F0 (Restrict output to stopped jobs.)26.41 E(If)144 273.6 Q F2(jobspec) 4.553 E F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 (n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T) -.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 285.6 Q -.25 (va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 302.4 R F3 2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F3(jobs)2.894 E F0 .394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) 3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394 (with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 314.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar) 2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E F3(kill)108 331.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F3A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F3 2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F32.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5 (][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F3 (kill \255l)108 343.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .119(Send the signal named by)144 355.2 R F2 (sigspec)2.959 E F0(or)2.929 E F2(signum)2.959 E F0 .119 (to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.87 E F0(or)3.39 E F2 (jobspec)2.62 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.46 E F0(is)2.93 E .319 (either a case-insensiti)144 367.2 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319 (ignal name such as).15 F F1(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318 (\(with or without the)2.569 F F1(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318 (pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 379.2 Q F2(signum)4.188 E F0 1.349(is a signal number)4.168 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec) 4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F1(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 391.2 Q .523(gument of)-.18 F F33.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an) 5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when) .18 F F33.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523 (n, the names).15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 403.2 R .28(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E F2 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 415.2 Q .378(gument to)-.18 F F32.878 E F0 .378 (is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.878 F .377 (xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .593(nated by a signal.)144 427.2 R F3(kill)5.593 E F0 .593(returns true if at least one signal w)3.093 F .593(as successfully sent, or f)-.1 F .594(alse if an error)-.1 F (occurs or an in)144 439.2 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.) .25 E F3(let)108 456 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 468 Q F2(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197 (is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .196(luated \(see).25 F F1 .196(ARITHMETIC EV)2.696 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855 (AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F (the last)144 480 Q F2(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G (luates to 0,).25 E F3(let)2.5 E F0(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.) 2.5 E F3(local)108 496.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name) -2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 508.8 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06 (ariable named)-.25 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 .06(is created, and assigned) 2.74 F F2(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he)-5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 520.8 Q 3.153(yo)-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653 (he options accepted by)-3.153 F F3(declar)3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W) C(hen)-5.652 E F3(local)3.152 E F0 .652 (is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 532.8 Q F2(name)3.72 E F0 .86(to ha)3.54 F 1.16 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .861 (isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -.4 (Wi)5.861 G .861(th no operands,).4 F F3(local)144 544.8 Q F0 1.165 (writes a list of local v)3.665 F 1.165 (ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.165(It is an error to use) 6.165 F F3(local)3.664 E F0 1.164(when not)3.664 F .232 (within a function.)144 556.8 R .233(The return status is 0 unless)5.232 F F3(local)2.733 E F0 .233(is used outside a function, an in)2.733 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)3.093 E F0(is)2.913 E(supplied, or)144 568.8 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F3 (logout)108 585.6 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)9.33 E F3(map\214le)108 602.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3A F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F2 (origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3 -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3 -2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F2(quantum) 2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F3 -.18(re)108 614.4 S (adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F3A F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3 -2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5 (][)C F3-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F2 (quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A .351 (Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 626.4 R -.15(xe) -.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(arr)2.85 E (ay)-.15 E F0 2.85(,o).32 G 2.85(rf)-2.85 G .35(rom \214le descriptor) -2.85 F F2(fd)2.85 E F0 1.248(if the)144 638.4 R F33.748 E F0 1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F(ariable)-.25 E F1 (MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F2(arr)3.749 E (ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,)-6.249 F(ha)144 650.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3 144 662.4 Q F0(Cop)24.74 E 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F2 (count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count)2.5 E F0 (is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F3144 674.4 Q F0(Be)22.52 E (gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x) -.15 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi) -.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F3144 686.4 Q F0 (Discard the \214rst)26.41 E F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F3 144 698.4 Q F0(Remo)26.97 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing ne).15 E (wline from each line read.)-.25 E F3144 710.4 Q F0 (Read lines from \214le descriptor)24.74 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 (instead of the standard input.)2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20) 148.735 E(10)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F0(Ev)23.08 E(aluate)-.25 E/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2(quantum) 2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F12.5 E F0 (option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1144 96 Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)25.86 E F2 (callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 112.8 Q F12.968 E F0 .467 (is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F12.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 (he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 (luated, it is sup-).25 F 1.22(plied the inde)144 124.8 R 3.72(xo)-.15 G 3.72(ft)-3.72 G 1.22(he ne)-3.72 F 1.22 (xt array element to be assigned as an additional ar)-.15 F(gument.)-.18 E F2(callbac)6.22 E(k)-.2 E F0(is)3.72 E -.25(eva)144 136.8 S (luated after the line is read b).25 E (ut before the array element is assigned.)-.2 E (If not supplied with an e)144 153.6 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 170.4 Q F0 1.906 (returns successfully unless an in)4.406 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 (lid option or option ar).25 F 1.905(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) 4.405 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.405 E(in)144 182.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E F1(popd)108 199.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 211.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799 (se).15 G .299(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.799 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G .3(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.479(stack, and performs a)144 223.2 R F1(cd)3.979 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.979 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 (op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.478 (uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.778 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.478(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 235.2 Q F1144 247.2 Q F0 .551 (Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)24.74 F .551 (ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F (that only the stack is manipulated.)180 259.2 Q F1(+)144 271.2 Q F2(n)A F0(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 283.2 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 (remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,) -.65 E F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1144 295.2 Q F2(n)A F0 (Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F2(n)3.759 E F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5(zero. F)180 307.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15 (ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F3(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .644(If the)144 324 R F1(popd)3.144 E F0 .644(command is successful, a)3.144 F F1(dirs)3.143 E F0 .643 (is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 F F1(popd)5.643 E F0 .415(returns f)144 336 R .415(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .415(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.916 (,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.916 E .416(xistent direc-)-.15 F (tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 348 Q (ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 364.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(var)2.5 E F0 (])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .372 (Write the formatted)144 376.8 R F2(ar)2.872 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .372 (to the standard output under the control of the)2.872 F F2(format)2.872 E F0 5.372(.T)C(he)-5.372 E F2(format)2.872 E F0 1.804(is a character s\ tring which contains three types of objects: plain characters, which ar\ e simply)144 388.8 R .159 (copied to standard output, character escape sequences, which are con) 144 400.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .158(rted and copied to the stan-).15 F .499(\ dard output, and format speci\214cations, each of which causes printing\ of the ne)144 412.8 R .5(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)3.15 E (gu-)-.37 E(ment)144 424.8 Q F0 5.424(.I)C 2.924(na)-5.424 G .424 (ddition to the standard)-2.924 F F2(printf)2.924 E F0 .424 (\(1\) formats,)B F1(%b)2.924 E F0(causes)2.923 E F1(printf)2.923 E F0 .423(to e)2.923 F .423(xpand backslash escape)-.15 F .976 (sequences in the corresponding)144 436.8 R F2(ar)3.476 E(gument)-.37 E F0(\(e)3.476 E .976(xcept that)-.15 F F1(\\c)3.476 E F0 .976 (terminates output, backslashes in)3.476 F F1<5c08>3.477 E F0(,)A F1 (\\")3.477 E F0(,)A(and)144 448.8 Q F1(\\?)3.422 E F0 .922(are not remo) 3.422 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .922(d, and octal escapes be).15 F .922 (ginning with)-.15 F F1(\\0)3.422 E F0 .921 (may contain up to four digits\), and)3.422 F F1(%q)144 460.8 Q F0 (causes)3.63 E F1(printf)3.63 E F0 1.13(to output the corresponding)3.63 F F2(ar)3.631 E(gument)-.37 E F0 1.131 (in a format that can be reused as shell)3.631 F(input.)144 472.8 Q(The) 144 496.8 Q F12.904 E F0 .404 (option causes the output to be assigned to the v)2.904 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(var)2.904 E F0 .404(rather than being printed to the)2.904 F (standard output.)144 508.8 Q(The)144 532.8 Q F2(format)3.423 E F0 .923 (is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.423 F F2(ar)3.423 E (guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format) 3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F F2(ar)144 544.8 Q(guments)-.37 E F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.534 F .033 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) .15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .033(alue or null string,) -.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 556.8 Q(The return v)5 E (alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd) 108 573.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C -2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 585.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the d\ irectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 597.6 R 3.14(wt) -.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F 1.316(stack the current w)144 609.6 R 1.316 (orking directory)-.1 F 6.316(.W)-.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.716 F 1.315 (guments, e)-.18 F 1.315(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.815(od)-.1 G 1.315 (irectories and)-3.815 F .871 (returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 621.6 R 5.871(.A) -.65 G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .872(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.172 -.15 (ve t)-.2 H .872(he follo).15 F .872(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 633.6 Q F1144 645.6 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the normal change of directory w\ hen adding directories to the stack, so that)24.74 F (only the stack is manipulated.)180 657.6 Q F1(+)144 669.6 Q F2(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F2(n)3.767 E F0 1.268 (th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.268(wn by) -.25 F F1(dirs)180 681.6 Q F0 2.5(,s)C (tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1144 693.6 Q F2(n)A F0 .92(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 705.6 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) -2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 717.6 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F2(dir)2.85 E F0 (to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.23 E 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent w)-2.5 E(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q (2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(11)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 12 12 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .488(If the) 144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(pushd)2.988 E F0 .488 (command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 (is performed as well.)2.988 F .489(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 96 R/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(dir)3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039 (ith the second form,)-.4 F F1(pushd)3.539 E F0 1.039 (returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846(stack is empty)144 108 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent directory stack element is \ speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 120 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 136.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 (Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 148.8 R .845 (orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844 (he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144 160.8 R F12.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 .181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1 (set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264 (enabled. If)144 172.8 R(the)3.264 E F13.264 E F0 .763 (option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264 F .763(The return)5.763 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 184.8 R -.25(va) -.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 196.8 Q F1 -.18(re)108 213.6 S (ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2 (aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817 (][)C F1-3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F1 -3.817 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(pr) 3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(timeout)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 225.6 Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from th\ e \214le descriptor)144 237.6 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar) 3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 249.6 Q F12.538 E F0 .038 (option, and the \214rst w)2.538 F .038(ord is assigned to the \214rst) -.1 F F2(name)2.539 E F0 2.539(,t).18 G .039(he second w)-2.539 F .039 (ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)2.539 E F0(,).18 E .42 (and so on, with lefto)144 261.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw).15 G .42 (ords and their interv)-3.02 F .42 (ening separators assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 5.42(.I) .18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .54(are fe)144 273.6 R .54(wer w)-.25 F .541(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names \ are assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 285.6 S 2.511(lues. The).25 F .011 (characters in)2.511 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.511 E F0 .011 (are used to split the line into w)2.261 F 2.511(ords. The)-.1 F .011 (backslash character \()2.511 F F1(\\)A F0 2.51(\)m)C(ay)-2.51 E 1.89 (be used to remo)144 297.6 R 2.19 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.19 -.15(ny s).15 H 1.891(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F 1.891 (xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F (Options, if supplied, ha)144 309.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E (wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 321.6 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w) 180 333.6 R 1.049 (ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) -.25 E F2(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F F2(aname)180.33 345.6 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 (ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1144 357.6 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0(The \214rst character of)180 369.6 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 (is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E F1144 381.6 Q F0 .372 (If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)25.86 F F1 -.18(re) 2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E .218 (to obtain the line.)180 393.6 R .218 (Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 (ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E (acti)180 405.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E F1144 417.6 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)10.78 E F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te) 2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 429.6 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1144 441.6 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 453.6 S(ad).18 E F0 1.395(returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394 (aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 465.6 Q (ut honor a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E (s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 144 477.6 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 489.6 S (ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc) 3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 (line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 501.6 R F1 -.18(re) 2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274 (Delimiter characters encoun-)5.274 F 1.002 (tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 513.6 R F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc) 3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read.)180 525.6 Q F1 144 537.6 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 549.6 Q F2(pr)3.661 E (ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161 (ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read) -.25 F(an)180 561.6 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F (prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 144 573.6 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) 25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of) -5.543 F(the line.)180 585.6 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G (ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.) -.25 E F1144 597.6 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E (If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 144 609.6 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 621.6 Q F1 -.18(re)3.549 G(ad).18 E F0 1.048(to time out and return f)3.549 F 1.048 (ailure if a complete line of input is not read within)-.1 F F2(timeout) 180 633.6 Q F0(seconds.)3.496 E F2(timeout)5.996 E F0 .997 (may be a decimal number with a fractional portion follo)3.496 F(wing) -.25 E .576(the decimal point.)180 645.6 R .576(This option is only ef) 5.576 F(fecti)-.25 E .876 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)3.076 G (ad).18 E F0 .576(is reading input from a terminal,)3.076 F .141 (pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 657.6 R .142 (fect when reading from re)-.25 F .142(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.142 E F2(timeout)2.642 E F0 .142(is 0,)2.642 F F1 -.18(re)180 669.6 S(ad).18 E F0 .113(returns success if input is a)2.614 F -.25(va)-.2 G .113 (ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 2.613(,f)-.4 G .113 (ailure otherwise.)-2.713 F(The e)180 681.6 Q (xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1144 693.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor) 14.46 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .191(If no)144 710.4 R F2(names)3.051 E F0 .191(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.961 F(ariable) -.25 E F3(REPL)2.692 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .192 (The return code is zero,)4.692 F 1.344 (unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 722.4 R F1 -.18(re)3.844 G(ad) .18 E F0 1.343 (times out \(in which case the return code is greater than)3.844 F (GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(12)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 13 13 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E (128\), or an in)144 84 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar).25 E(gument to)-.18 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 100.8 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aA)A(pf)-.25 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77 (The gi)144 112.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77 (are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097 (quent assignment.)144 124.8 R 1.097(If the)6.097 F F13.597 E F0 1.097(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2 (names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 136.8 Q 3.334(ed. The) -.1 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) -3.334 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) -.25 E .538(ables to associati)144 148.8 R .838 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.038 (rrays. If).15 F(no)3.038 E F2(name)3.398 E F0(ar)3.218 E .538 (guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .538(n, or if the).15 F F1 3.038 E F0 .537(option is supplied, a list)3.038 F .08 (of all readonly names is printed.)144 160.8 R(The)5.08 E F12.58 E F0 .081(option causes output to be displayed in a format that may)2.58 F 1.177(be reused as input.)144 172.8 R 1.177(If a v)6.177 F 1.176 (ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.176(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.676(,t)C 1.176(he v)-3.676 F 1.176(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.176 (ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)144 184.8 Q(d)-.37 E F0 6.205(.T)C 1.205(he return status is 0 unless an in)-6.205 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.206 (lid option is encountered, one of the).25 F F2(names)4.066 E F0 1.206 (is not a)3.976 F -.25(va)144 196.8 S(lid shell v).25 E (ariable name, or)-.25 E F12.5 E F0(is supplied with a)2.5 E F2 (name)2.86 E F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 213.6 S (tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .587 (Causes a function to e)144 225.6 R .587(xit with the return v)-.15 F .587(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)3.087 E F0 5.587(.I).24 G(f)-5.587 E F2(n)3.447 E F0 .586(is omitted, the return status is)3.327 F 1.335 (that of the last command e)144 237.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.335 (cuted in the function body).15 F 6.335(.I)-.65 G 3.835(fu)-6.335 G 1.335(sed outside a function, b)-3.835 F 1.335(ut during)-.2 F -.15(exe) 144 249.6 S .794(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.294 E F0(\() 5.794 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.294(\)c)C .794 (ommand, it causes the shell to stop e)-3.294 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .794 (cuting that script).15 F .245(and return either)144 261.6 R F2(n)3.105 E F0 .246(or the e)2.985 F .246(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .246(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .246 (xit sta-)-.15 F .082(tus of the script.)144 273.6 R .082 (If used outside a function and not during e)5.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .082 (cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.582 E F0 2.581(,t).833 G .081 (he return sta-)-2.581 F 2.305(tus is f)144 285.6 R 4.805(alse. An)-.1 F 4.805(yc)-.15 G 2.305(ommand associated with the)-4.805 F F1(RETURN) 4.805 E F0 2.306(trap is e)4.806 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.306(cuted before e) .15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution).15 E(resumes after the function or script.) 144 297.6 Q F1(set)108 314.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 (\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 326.4 Q F0 ([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option) 2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 338.4 S .836(thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .835(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 (reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 350.4 R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784 (riables cannot be).25 F 2.947(reset. In)144 362.4 R F2 .447(posix mode) 2.947 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447 (ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447 (The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.53 (locale. When)144 374.4 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F 3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An) -.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F 1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 386.4 R 1.623 (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order) 144 398.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 410.4 Q F0 .539(Automatically mark v)29.3 F .539 (ariables and functions which are modi\214ed or created for e)-.25 F .54 (xport to)-.15 F(the en)184 422.4 Q(vironment of subsequent commands.) -.4 E F1144 434.4 Q F0 .132 (Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)28.74 F 2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E (primary prompt.)184 446.4 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) -.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1144 458.4 Q F0 .51 (Exit immediately if a)29.86 F F2(pipeline)3.01 E F0 .511 (\(which may consist of a single)3.011 F F2 .511(simple command)3.011 F F0 3.011(\), a)B F2(sub-)3.011 E(shell)184 470.4 Q F0 .872 (command enclosed in parentheses, or one of the commands e)3.373 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .872(cuted as part of a).15 F .399 (command list enclosed by braces \(see)184 482.4 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .399(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.899 F F0(abo)2.649 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.899(\)e).15 G .399(xits with a non-zero)-3.049 F 3.969(status. The)184 494.4 R 1.468 (shell does not e)3.969 F 1.468(xit if the command that f)-.15 F 1.468 (ails is part of the command list)-.1 F .569(immediately follo)184 506.4 R .569(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)3.069 E F0(or)3.069 E F1(until)3.069 E F0 -.1(ke)3.069 G(yw)-.05 E .569(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F .57 (wing the)-.25 F F1(if)3.07 E F0(or)3.07 E F1(elif)3.07 E F0(reserv)184 518.4 Q .544(ed w)-.15 F .544(ords, part of an)-.1 F 3.044(yc)-.15 G .544(ommand e)-3.044 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .544(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.044 E F0(or)3.044 E/F4 10/Symbol SF3.044 E F0 .544(list e)3.044 F .544 (xcept the command)-.15 F(follo)184 530.4 Q 1.23(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.73 E F0(or)3.73 E F43.73 E F0 3.73(,a)C 1.53 -.15(ny c) -3.73 H 1.231(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F 1.231 (ut the last, or if the com-)-.2 F(mand')184 542.4 Q 3.191(sr)-.55 G .691(eturn v)-3.191 F .691(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .691 (rted with).15 F F1(!)3.191 E F0 5.691(.A)C .691(trap on)-2.5 F F1(ERR) 3.19 E F0 3.19(,i)C 3.19(fs)-3.19 G .69(et, is e)-3.19 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .69(cuted before).15 F .686(the shell e)184 554.4 R 3.186(xits. This) -.15 F .686(option applies to the shell en)3.186 F .686 (vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F(viron-)-.4 E .068 (ment separately \(see)184 566.4 R F3 .068(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)2.568 F(ONMENT)-.27 E F0(abo)2.318 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .068(\), and may cause).15 F(subshells to e)184 578.4 Q(xit before e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting all the commands in the subshell.).15 E F1144 590.4 Q F0 (Disable pathname e)30.97 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 602.4 Q F0 2.238(Remember the location of commands as the)28.74 F 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.239(re look)-4.738 F 2.239(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.739 (cution. This).15 F(is)4.739 E(enabled by def)184 614.4 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 144 626.4 Q F0 .514(All ar)28.74 F .514 (guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18 F .513(vironment for a)-.4 F (command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 638.4 Q F1 144 650.4 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)25.97 F .148 (Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F .149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .637 (on systems that support it \(see)184 662.4 R F3 .636(JOB CONTR)3.136 F (OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.886 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.136(\). Background).15 F .636 (processes run in a)3.136 F .641 (separate process group and a line containing their e)184 674.4 R .642 (xit status is printed upon their com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 686.4 Q F1 144 698.4 Q F0 .653(Read commands b)28.74 F .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653(cute them.).15 F .652 (This may be used to check a shell script for)5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 710.4 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(13)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 14 14 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option\255name) 2.5 E F0(The)184 96 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 (can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 108 Q F0 (Same as)224 120 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 132 Q F0 (Same as)224 144 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(emacs)184 156 Q F0 .089 (Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)13.9 F 2.589(ace. This) -.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95 (when the shell is interacti)224 168 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95 (nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting)3.45 E F0 2.5(option. This)224 180 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) -.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err) 184 192 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)11.31 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 (errtrace)184 204 Q F0(Same as)5.03 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(functrace) 184 216 Q F0(Same as)224 228 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(hashall)184 240 Q F0(Same as)9.43 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(histexpand)184 252 Q F0 (Same as)224 264 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(history)184 276 Q F0 .586 (Enable command history)10 F 3.087(,a)-.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587 (escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF (.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 288 Q (ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 300 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 312 R 1.657 (fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) 4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 324 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) .15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 336 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 348 Q F1 2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 360 Q F0(Same as)5.56 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 372 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 384 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 396 Q F0(Same as)11.12 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 (noglob)184 408 Q F0(Same as)11.1 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog)184 420 Q F0(Currently ignored.)16.66 E F1(notify)184 432 Q F0(Same as)15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 444 Q F0(Same as)6.66 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 456 Q F0(Same as)6.67 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 (ph)184 468 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)5.14 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 (pipefail)184 480 Q F0 1.029(If set, the return v)7.77 F 1.029 (alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.03 (alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 492 R 1.136 (xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) -.15 F -.15(ex)224 504 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G (his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 516 Q F0 2.09(Change the beha)17.77 F 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 (fers from the)-.25 F(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 528 Q F2(posix mode)A F0(\).)A F1(pri)184 540 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 552 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 564 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as) 7.33 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 576 Q F0 1.466 (Use a vi-style command line editing interf)32.22 F 3.965(ace. This)-.1 F 1.465(also af)3.965 F 1.465(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 588 Q (ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(xtrace)184 600 Q F0(Same as)13.35 E F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 618 Q F13.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F2(option\255name)3.053 E F0 3.053 (,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553(alues of the current options are printed.) -.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184 630 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F2(option\255name)3.572 E F0 3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set) 3.571 E F0 1.071(commands to recreate the current)3.571 F (option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 642 Q F1 144 654 Q F0 -.45(Tu)28.74 G 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1 (ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F F3($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072 (\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501 (cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 666 R 1.5 (vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)184 678 S (SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0 (and)2.774 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G .524 (riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F (vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 690 R .38 (If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u) -.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461 (user \(group\) id, and the)184 702 R F12.961 E F0 .461 (option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462 (en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 714 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 (ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1 2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 726 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G .386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886 F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F (GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(14)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 15 15 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E (set to the real user and group ids.)184 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 144 96 Q F0(Exit after reading and e)30.97 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting one command.).15 E F1144 108 Q F0 -.35(Tr)28.74 G .044 (eat unset v).35 F .044(ariables and parameters other than the special \ parameters "@" and "*" as an)-.25 F .182 (error when performing parameter e)184 120 R 2.682(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.682 G .183(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746(able or parameter)184 132 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 (he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184 144 Q F1144 156 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)29.3 E 2.5(ya) -.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1144 168 Q F0 .315(After e)29.3 F .315 (xpanding each)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236 (or arithmetic)184 180 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236 (command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of) -.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS4)3.736 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 (follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 192 Q (xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1 144 204 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578 (xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 216 Q (ault.)-.1 E F1144 228 Q F0 .214(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.714 E F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 (xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F 3.053(tors. This)184 240 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 (rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) .15 F(tor)184 252 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 144 264 Q F0 .104(If set, an)27.63 F 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104(rap on) -2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 (is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 F .838(mands e)184 276 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 (trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 288 Q F1 144 300 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 (style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 312 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 324 Q F0 1.164 (If set, the shell does not follo)28.19 F 3.664(ws)-.25 G 1.164 (ymbolic links when e)-3.664 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165 (cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.665 E F0 2.822 (that change the current w)184 336 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 (.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821 (ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 348 R(def)2.685 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F (mands which change the current directory)184 360 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 372 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 (DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 (are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 (substitutions, and commands e)184 384 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E (UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 396 Q F0 (traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 408 Q F0 .401(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 (his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F (Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 420 Q F2 (ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G (ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 432 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2 (ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G 1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 444 R F13.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F13.446 E F0 .945 (options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no) 3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B (parameters remain unchanged.)184 456 Q .425(The options are of)144 472.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 (Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 (to be turned of)144 484.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) -.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 (current set of options may be found in)144 496.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 (ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F (is encountered.)144 508.8 Q F1(shift)108 525.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 (])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 537.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 .429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G .428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 549.6 Q F1($#)2.582 E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .082 (+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) -.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) .15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 (is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 561.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F (If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 (,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 573.6 R .144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 .144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 (or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 585.6 Q F1(shopt)108 602.4 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) -2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 614.4 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222 (alues of v)-.25 F .222(ariables controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F (vior)-.2 E 5.222(.W)-.55 G .222(ith no options, or with the)-5.622 F F1 2.722 E F0 .721(option, a list of all settable options is display\ ed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.)144 626.4 R(The) 144 638.4 Q F12.828 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\ d in a form that may be reused as input.)2.828 F .327(Other options) 5.327 F(ha)144 650.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:) -.25 E F1144 662.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 674.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2 (optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 686.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal out\ put \(quiet mode\); the return status indicates whether the)24.74 F F2 (optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E .256(set or unset.)180 698.4 R .256 (If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 E F0(ar)2.756 E .256 (guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F1 2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F (all)180 710.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.) 2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(15)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 16 16 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F0(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E /F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(optname)2.5 E F0(to be those de\214ned for the) 2.5 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin.).2 E .127(If either)144 100.8 R F12.627 E F0(or)2.627 E F1 2.627 E F0 .127(is used with no)2.627 F F2(optname)2.627 E F0(ar) 2.627 E .127(guments, the display is limited to those options which)-.18 F 1.024(are set or unset, respecti)144 112.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.024(.U)-.65 G 1.024(nless otherwise noted, the)-6.024 F F1(shopt)3.523 E F0 1.023(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.523 F(def)144 124.8 Q (ault.)-.1 E 1.544 (The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 141.6 R F2 (optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.045 F .696 (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) 144 153.6 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695 (alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 165.6 Q(The list of)144 182.4 Q F1(shopt) 2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 200.4 Q F0 .199 (If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)11.11 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E (ment to the)184 212.4 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(cdable_v)144 224.4 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 236.4 R .156 (gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F (name of a v)184 248.4 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E (alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 260.4 Q F0 1.055 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a) 10.55 F F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 (corrected. The)184 272.4 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 (ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a) -.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .552(one character too man)184 284.4 R 4.352 -.65 (y. I)-.15 H 3.052(fac).65 G .552 (orrection is found, the corrected \214le name is printed, and)-3.052 F (the command proceeds.)184 296.4 Q (This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) .15 E F1(checkhash)144 308.4 Q F0 2.08(If set,)184 320.4 R F1(bash)4.58 E F0 2.079(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.58 F 2.079 (xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 332.4 S(cute it.).15 E (If a hashed command no longer e)5 E (xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 344.4 Q F0 .448(If set,)184 356.4 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 (lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449 (topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 368.4 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G .938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938 (xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 (attempted without an interv)184 380.4 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 392.4 Q -.1(wa) -.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G (obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 404.4 Q F0 .797(If set,)184 416.4 R F1(bash)3.297 E F0 .797(checks the windo)3.297 F 3.297(ws)-.25 G .796(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.297 F 3.296(,u)-.65 G .796(pdates the)-3.296 F -.25(va)184 428.4 S(lues of).25 E F3(LINES)2.5 E F0(and)2.25 E F3(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist) 144 440.4 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202 (attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 (ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184 452.4 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E (ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 464.4 Q F0 .42(If set,)184 476.4 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42(changes its beha)2.92 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419 (ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E (to the conditional command')184 488.4 Q 2.5(s=)-.55 G 2.5(~o)-2.5 G (perator)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(compat32)144 500.4 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 512.4 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409 (vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 (ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F (string comparison when using the conditional command')184 524.4 Q 2.5 (s operators.)-2.5 E F1(compat40)144 536.4 Q F0 1.41 (If set,)184 548.4 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 (ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 1.692 (string comparison when using the conditional command')184 560.4 R 4.193 (s operators and the)-4.193 F(ef)184 572.4 Q (fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 E F1(dirspell)144 584.4 Q F0 .859(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)3.359 E F0 .858 (attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.359 F .858 (ord completion if)-.1 F (the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 596.4 Q(xist.)-.15 E F1(dotglob)144 608.4 Q F0 .165(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 (includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665('i) -.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F (xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail)144 620.4 Q F0 1.387 (If set, a non-interacti)7.79 F 1.687 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386 (hell will not e).15 F 1.386(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.386(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 632.4 Q (gument to the)-.18 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E (An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 644.4 Q F0 .716(If set, aliases are e)184 656.4 R .717(xpanded as described abo) -.15 F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(ALIASES)3.217 E F4(.)A F0 .717(This option is enabled)5.217 F(by def)184 668.4 Q (ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(extdeb)144 680.4 Q(ug)-.2 E F0(If set, beha)184 692.4 Q (vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 704.4 Q F0(The)28.5 E F14.251 E F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 F F1 (declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751 (iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F (number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 716.4 Q(gument.)-.18 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(16)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 17 17 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF(2.)184 84 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)28.5 F F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F 1.667 (alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 96 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 108 Q F0 .841 (If the command run by the)28.5 F F1(DEB)3.341 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 (trap returns a v)3.341 F .84(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 (exe)220 120 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 (sour)220 132 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins\), a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0(is simulated.)2.5 E F1(4.)184 144 Q /F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)28.5 G(SH_ARGC).27 E F0(and)3.154 E F2 -.27(BA)3.404 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 (are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 156 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 168 Q F0 1.359 (Function tracing is enabled:)28.5 F 1.359 (command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)6.359 F(shells in)220 180 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E/F3 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1 (DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.) 184 192 Q F0 .805(Error tracing is enabled:)28.5 F .804 (command substitution, shell functions, and subshells)5.805 F(in)220 204 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F3 (command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E(OR)-.3 E F0 (trap.)2.5 E F1(extglob)144 216 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)8.89 F .4 (xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) -.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 228 Q F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 240 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 252 R F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A F3(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973 E F0(")A F3(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within) -4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F3(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G (pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 264 Q (This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 276 Q F0 1.424(If set, patterns which f)7.77 F 1.425 (ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.425 (xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 288 S(pansion error).15 E(.) -.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 300 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 .937(If set, the suf)184 312 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) -.15 F F2(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936(ariable cause w) -.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 324 R .32 (ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32 (he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.948 (pletions. See)184 336 R F2 .448(SHELL V)2.948 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 (abo)2.698 E .748 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 (FIGNORE)2.947 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .447(This option is)4.947 F(enabled by def)184 348 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globstar)144 360 Q F0 .178 (If set, the pattern)5 F F1(**)2.678 E F0 .178(used in a pathname e) 2.678 F .178(xpansion conte)-.15 F .179 (xt will match a \214les and zero or)-.15 F 1.298 (more directories and subdirectories.)184 372 R 1.298 (If the pattern is follo)6.298 F 1.298(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.797 E F0 3.797(,o)C 1.297(nly directories)-3.797 F(and subdirectories match.)184 384 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 396 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 408 Q F1(histappend)144 420 Q F0 .676 (If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 432 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.177 E F0 -.25(va)2.927 G (ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 444 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 456 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 .576(If set, and)184 468 R F1 -.18(re)3.076 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 (is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .575 (he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .575(ailed his-)-.1 F (tory substitution.)184 480 Q F1(histv)144 492 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .402 (If set, and)184 504 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) 2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 516 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661 (nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F1 -.18(re)3.161 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 528 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 (hostcomplete)144 540 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 552 R F1 -.18(re)3.681 G(adline).18 E F0 1.181(is being used,)3.681 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.182 (will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.682 F 1.381(when a w)184 564 R 1.381(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 (is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.88 E F0(under)3.88 E F2(READLINE)3.88 E F0(abo)184 576 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F (is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 588 Q F0(If set,) 184 600 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) .15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(interacti)144 612 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .33(If set, allo)184 624 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 (ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 (ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967 (that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 636 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 648 Q (ault.)-.1 E F1(lithist)144 660 Q F0 .654(If set, and the)15.55 F F1 (cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa) 3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history) -3.155 F(with embedded ne)184 672 Q (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 (login_shell)144 684 Q F0 .486 (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 696 R F2(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve) -.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 708 S(lue may not be changed.).25 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(17)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 18 18 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF(mailwar)144 84 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814 (If set, and a \214le that)184 96 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 (is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F -.1(wa)184 108 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E (`The mail in)-.74 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mail\214le)2.5 E F0 (has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i)-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1 (no_empty_cmd_completion)144 120 Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 132 R F1 -.18 (re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325(is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.824 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F (completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 144 Q F1 (nocaseglob)144 156 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 168 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436 (matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f)-.25 H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 180 S (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 192 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184 204 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) 3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 F(while e)184 216 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1([[)2.5 E F0(conditional commands.)2.5 E F1(nullglob)144 228 Q F0 .854(If set,)184 240 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo)3.354 E .855 (ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.355 G .855 (thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.355(\)t).15 G(o) -3.355 E -.15(ex)184 252 S(pand to a null string, rather than themselv) .15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 264 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677 (If set, the programmable completion f)184 276 R .677(acilities \(see) -.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 288 Q (This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 300 Q(omptv) -.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447(If set, prompt strings under)184 312 R 1.448 (go parameter e)-.18 F 1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic) -.15 F -.15(ex)184 324 S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in) -.15 F F3(PR)2.67 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E (This option is enabled by def)184 336 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 348 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) 184 360 R F3 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 372 Q 4.178 (w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)4.178 G 1.678(lue may not be changed.).25 F 1.678(This is not reset when the startup \214les are)6.678 F -.15(exe) 184 384 S(cuted, allo).15 E(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E F1(shift_v)144 396 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 408 R F1 (shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 (iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502 (xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 420 Q F1(sour) 144 432 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 444 R F1(sour)3.271 E (ce)-.18 E F0(\()3.271 E F1(.)A F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v) -3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77 (to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar) 184 456 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.) -.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 468 Q F0(If set, the)184 480 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 492 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.001 (Suspend the e)144 504 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.001 (cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G F3(SIGCONT)A F0 3.502(signal. A)3.252 F 1.002(login shell cannot be) 3.502 F .023(suspended; the)144 516 R F12.523 E F0 .023 (option can be used to o)2.523 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 (rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .022(The return status is) 5.022 F 2.5(0u)144 528 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F1 2.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 E F1(test)108 540 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 552 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G (pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 1.15 (Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the e)6.77 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.15 (luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.65 G (pr).2 E F0 6.15(.E).73 G(ach)-6.15 E 1.188 (operator and operand must be a separate ar)144 564 R 3.688 (gument. Expressions)-.18 F 1.187(are composed of the primaries)3.688 F 1.889(described abo)144 576 R 2.189 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 (CONDITION)4.389 E 1.889(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(test)6.389 E F0 1.89(does not accept an)4.389 F 4.39(yo)-.15 G 1.89 (ptions, nor)-4.39 F(does it accept and ignore an ar)144 588 Q (gument of)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .786(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 606 R .785 (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 2.5 (dence. The)144 618 R -.25(eva)2.5 G (luation depends on the number of ar).25 E(guments; see belo)-.18 E -.65 (w.)-.25 G F1(!)144 630 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.6 G (ue if).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\() 144 642 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26(Returns the v)6.77 F .26(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26 (his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 (rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 654 Q F2 -.2(ex) 144 666 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35 (Tr)180 678 S(ue if both).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F2 -.2(ex)144 690 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(o)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 702 S (ue if either).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G (pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 718.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E (xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E (guments.)-.18 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(18)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 19 19 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E 2.5(0a)144 84 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e)180 96 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E (alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 108 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 120 Q (xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 E 2.5(2a)144 132 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)180 144 R .37(gument is)-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 156 R .38 (gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 168 Q .553(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552 (the e)2.802 F .552(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 180 Q (alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E (xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 192 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G (uments).18 E .023(If the second ar)180 204 R .023 (gument is one of the binary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .324 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CON-)2.524 E(DITION)180 216 Q 1.478 (AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F3(,)A F0 1.477(the result of the e)3.727 F 1.477 (xpression is the result of the binary test)-.15 F .513 (using the \214rst and third ar)180 228 R .513(guments as operands.)-.18 F(The)5.513 E F13.013 E F0(and)3.013 E F13.013 E F0 .513 (operators are considered)3.013 F .972 (binary operators when there are three ar)180 240 R 3.472(guments. If) -.18 F .972(the \214rst ar)3.472 F .972(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.472 E F0 3.472(,t)C .972(he v)-3.472 F .972(alue is)-.25 F .883(the ne)180 252 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .883(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 E .884 (gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 3.384(guments. If)-.18 F .884(the \214rst)3.384 F(ar)180 264 Q .875(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly) -.15 E F1(\()3.375 E F0 .875(and the third ar)3.375 F .875(gument is e) -.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))3.375 E F0 3.374(,t)C .874 (he result is the one-ar)-3.374 F(gument)-.18 E(test of the second ar) 180 276 Q 2.5(gument. Otherwise,)-.18 F(the e)2.5 E(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 288 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .384 (If the \214rst ar)180 300 R .384(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.884 E F0 2.885 (,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .385 (tion of the three-ar).05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385(xpression com-) -.15 F 1.648(posed of the remaining ar)180 312 R 4.147 (guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647 (xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E (according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 324 Q -.15(ve) -.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 336 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 348 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va) -.25 G 1.635(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F (abo)180 360 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(times)108 376.8 Q F0 1.229(Pri\ nt the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processe\ s run from the shell.)13.23 F(The return status is 0.)144 388.8 Q F1 (trap)108 405.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E/F4 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F4(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .702(The command)144 417.6 R F4(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 .702 (is to be read and e)3.422 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 (cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.203(ss).15 G (ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F4(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G(f)-5.703 E F4 (ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609(absent \(and there is a single) 144 429.6 R F4(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F13.108 E F0 3.108(,e)C .608 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F .658(\(the v)144 441.6 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) -.25 F(If)5.658 E F4(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 (is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F4(sigspec) 144.34 453.6 Q F0 .581 (is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F4(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58 (is not present and)3.3 F F13.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 (been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 465.6 R F4(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 477.6 R F13.36 E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 (signal. The)144 489.6 R F12.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.311(bers. Each)144 501.6 R F4(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 (is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F4(signal.h)A F0 1.81 (>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E (names are case insensiti)144 513.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H (nd the SIG pre\214x is optional.).15 E 1.648(If a)144 531.6 R F4 (sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F2(EXIT)4.148 E F0 1.648 (\(0\) the command)3.898 F F4(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.649(xit from the shell.)-.15 F 1.649(If a)6.649 F F4(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F2(DEB)144 543.6 Q (UG)-.09 E F3(,)A F0 1.168(the command)3.418 F F4(ar)3.998 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.168(is e)3.888 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve) -.25 G(ry).15 E F4 1.167(simple command)3.667 F F0(,)A F4(for)3.667 E F0 (command,)3.667 E F4(case)3.667 E F0(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 555.6 Q F4 (select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e)2.646 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146 (ry arithmetic).15 F F4(for)2.646 E F0 .147 (command, and before the \214rst command e)2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .147 (cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 567.6 R F2 .146 (SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 579.6 Q F1(shopt)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7 (iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E(UG) -.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F4(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E F2 (RETURN)3.2 E F3(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 591.6 Q F4(ar) 3.474 E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 (cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F1(sour)3.143 E(ce) -.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 603.6 Q -.15(xe) -.15 G(cuting.).15 E .928(If a)144 621.6 R F4(sigspec)3.768 E F0(is) 3.738 E F2(ERR)3.429 E F3(,)A F0 .929(the command)3.179 F F4(ar)3.759 E (g)-.37 E F0 .929(is e)3.649 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .929(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.429(ras).15 G .929(imple command has a non\255zero) -3.429 F -.15(ex)144 633.6 S 1.009(it status, subject to the follo).15 F 1.009(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)6.009 E F2(ERR)3.509 E F0 1.009 (trap is not e)3.259 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.008(cuted if the f).15 F 1.008 (ailed com-)-.1 F .324 (mand is part of the command list immediately follo)144 645.6 R .324 (wing a)-.25 F F1(while)2.824 E F0(or)2.824 E F1(until)2.824 E F0 -.1 (ke)2.824 G(yw)-.05 E .324(ord, part of the test)-.1 F 1.129(in an)144 657.6 R F4(if)3.639 E F0 1.129(statement, part of a command e)5.589 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.129(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.629 E F0(or)3.629 E/F5 10 /Symbol SF3.629 E F0 1.129(list, or if the command')3.629 F 3.628 (sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.628 E -.25(va)144 669.6 S(lue is being in).25 E -.15 (ve)-.4 G(rted via).15 E F1(!)2.5 E F0 5(.T)C (hese are the same conditions obe)-5 E(yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E (exit)-.18 E F0(option.)2.5 E 1.095 (Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 687.6 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 (being ignored are reset to their original v)144 699.6 R .662 (alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .661(vironment when one is) -.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 711.6 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an) -.1 E(y)-.15 E F4(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G (lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.0) 72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(19)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 20 20 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF(type)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi) 144 96 S .173(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F2(name)3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 (uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F F1144 108 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F1(type)3.343 E F0 .843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0 (,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F2 (\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F2(name)144.36 120 Q F0 .086 (is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086 (ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F2 (name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119 (found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 132 R .118 (xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F F12.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F1(type)2.618 E F0 .855 (either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 144 R .855 (ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0 .855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if) 144 156 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141 G .641(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E F1 3.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666 (PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(search for each)144 168 R F2(name)2.612 E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F3 .113 (type -t name)2.613 F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2 (\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I).18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113 (ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F12.613 E F0(and)144 180 Q F1 2.945 E F0 .445(print the hashed v)2.945 F .444 (alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)2.944 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .444(If the) 4.944 F F12.944 E F0(option)2.944 E .265(is used,)144 192 R F1 (type)2.765 E F0 .265(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .265(cutable named).15 F F2(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 G .265(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .427 (and functions, if and only if the)144 204 R F12.926 E F0 .426 (option is not also used.)2.926 F .426 (The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .548(consulted when using) 144 216 R F13.048 E F0 5.548(.T)C(he)-5.548 E F13.048 E F0 .549(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.048 F F1 (command)3.049 E F0 -.2(bu)144 228 S(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5 E F0 (returns true if all of the ar)2.5 E(guments are found, f)-.18 E (alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F1(ulimit)108 244.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F2 (limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 256.8 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) -.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F .943(that allo)144 268.8 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F (The)5.943 E F13.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F13.444 E F0 .944 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) 144 280.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208 (hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 292.8 R .425 (alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F12.926 E F0(nor)2.926 E F12.926 E F0 .426 (is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 304.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F .741(of the special v)144 316.8 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F1 (soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78 (soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 328.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 (is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 340.8 R F12.999 E F0 .499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499 (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F (limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 352.8 Q 2.5 (alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 144 364.8 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F1144 376.8 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E F1144 388.8 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E F1144 400.8 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd) -.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1144 412.8 Q F0 (The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1144 424.8 Q F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children) 26.97 E F1144 436.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals) 27.52 E F1144 448.8 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E (ed into memory)-.1 E F1144 460.8 Q F0 (The maximum resident set size \(man)21.97 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G (ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1144 472.8 Q F0 .791(Th\ e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) 24.74 F 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F(be set\))180 484.8 Q F1144 496.8 Q F0 (The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F1 144 508.8 Q F0 (The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)24.74 E F1144 520.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)25.86 E F1144 532.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1144 544.8 Q F0 (The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1144 556.8 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable to a single user).25 E F1144 568.8 Q F0 (The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 E -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable to the shell).25 E F1144 580.8 Q F0 (The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F1144 592.8 Q F0 (The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 609.6 Q F2(limit)2.933 E F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .343(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843 (wv)-.25 G .343(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F1 2.843 E F0 .343(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F .176(option is gi)144 621.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .176(n, then).15 F F1 2.676 E F0 .175(is assumed.)2.676 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175 (lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .175(xcept for)-.15 F F1 2.675 E F0 2.675(,w)C .175(hich is in)-2.675 F(seconds,)144 633.6 Q F12.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015 (hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.515 F F12.516 E F0(,) A F12.516 E F0(,)A F12.516 E F0 2.516(,a)C(nd)-2.516 E F1 2.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016(hich are unscaled v)-2.516 F(al-)-.25 E 3.788(ues. The)144 645.6 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.287(lid option or ar).25 F 1.287 (gument is supplied, or an error occurs)-.18 F(while setting a ne)144 657.6 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 674.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2 (The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 686.4 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ pted by)144 698.4 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 710.4 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 (alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F12.882 E F0 .382 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 (printed in symbolic form; the def)144 722.4 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G (he)-3.047 E F13.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F (GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(20)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(mode)144.38 84 Q F0 .551 (is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 96 Q (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F1(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E (gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E/F2 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF(unalias)108 112.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 (name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 124.8 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach) .15 E F1(name)4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E F24.155 E F0 1.655 (is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 F(remo)144 136.8 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E (alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F1(name)2.86 E F0 (is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F2(unset)108 153.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2 (fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 165.6 S 3.106 (re).15 G(ach)-3.106 E F1(name)3.106 E F0 3.106(,r).18 G(emo)-3.106 E .906 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .606(he corresponding v).15 F .607 (ariable or function.)-.25 F .607(If no options are supplied, or the) 5.607 F F2144 177.6 Q F0 .305(option is gi)2.805 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .305(n, each).15 F F1(name)3.165 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F 2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .304 (riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.304 E F2144 189.6 Q F0 .459 (is speci\214ed, each)2.959 F F1(name)3.319 E F0 .459 (refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.139 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.96(d. Each).15 F .903(unset v)144 201.6 R .903 (ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.402(df).15 G .902 (rom the en)-3.402 F .902(vironment passed to subsequent commands.)-.4 F (If)5.902 E(an)144 213.6 Q 6.915(yo)-.15 G(f)-6.915 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)6.915 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM) 6.665 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)6.665 E F4(,)A F3(LINENO)6.665 E F4(,)A F3 (HISTCMD)6.666 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)6.666 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)144 225.6 Q(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.523 E F3(DIRST)2.773 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 .272(are unset, the)2.522 F 2.772(yl)-.15 G .272 (ose their special properties, e)-2.772 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.772(ni).15 G 2.772(ft)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E 2.772(ya)-.15 G .272(re subsequently) -2.772 F 2.5(reset. The)144 237.6 R -.15(ex)2.5 G (it status is true unless a).15 E F1(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E (.)-.65 E F2(wait)108 254.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 2.5(n.)C(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 266.4 S .288 (it for each speci\214ed process and return its termination status.).8 F (Each)5.288 E F1(n)3.148 E F0 .288(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722 (job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 278.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .722(n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.222(sp)-.55 G .722 (ipeline are w)-3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E F1(n)3.582 E F0(is)3.462 E 1.265(not gi)144 290.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.265 (n, all currently acti).15 F 1.565 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.265 (hild processes are w).15 F 1.265(aited for)-.1 F 3.765(,a)-.4 G 1.266 (nd the return status is zero.)-3.765 F(If)6.266 E F1(n)4.126 E F0 .457 (speci\214es a non-e)144 302.4 R .457 (xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F .457 (Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 314.4 S (it status of the last process or job w).15 E(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E /F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 331.2 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108 343.2 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(21)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Trailer end %%EOF