# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format # Copyright 2008 Google Inc. All rights reserved. # https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/ # # Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without # modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are # met: # # * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright # notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. # * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above # copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer # in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the # distribution. # * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its # contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from # this software without specific prior written permission. # # THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS # "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT # LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR # A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT # OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, # SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT # LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, # DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY # THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT # (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE # OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. #PY25 compatible for GAE. # # Copyright 2007 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved. """Contains routines for printing protocol messages in text format.""" __author__ = 'kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)' import cStringIO import re from google.protobuf.internal import type_checkers from google.protobuf import descriptor from google.protobuf import text_encoding __all__ = ['MessageToString', 'PrintMessage', 'PrintField', 'PrintFieldValue', 'Merge'] _INTEGER_CHECKERS = (type_checkers.Uint32ValueChecker(), type_checkers.Int32ValueChecker(), type_checkers.Uint64ValueChecker(), type_checkers.Int64ValueChecker()) _FLOAT_INFINITY = re.compile('-?inf(?:inity)?f?', re.IGNORECASE) _FLOAT_NAN = re.compile('nanf?', re.IGNORECASE) _FLOAT_TYPES = frozenset([descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_FLOAT, descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_DOUBLE]) class Error(Exception): """Top-level module error for text_format.""" class ParseError(Error): """Thrown in case of ASCII parsing error.""" def MessageToString(message, as_utf8=False, as_one_line=False, pointy_brackets=False, use_index_order=False, float_format=None): """Convert protobuf message to text format. Floating point values can be formatted compactly with 15 digits of precision (which is the most that IEEE 754 "double" can guarantee) using float_format='.15g'. Args: message: The protocol buffers message. as_utf8: Produce text output in UTF8 format. as_one_line: Don't introduce newlines between fields. pointy_brackets: If True, use angle brackets instead of curly braces for nesting. use_index_order: If True, print fields of a proto message using the order defined in source code instead of the field number. By default, use the field number order. float_format: If set, use this to specify floating point number formatting (per the "Format Specification Mini-Language"); otherwise, str() is used. Returns: A string of the text formatted protocol buffer message. """ out = cStringIO.StringIO() PrintMessage(message, out, as_utf8=as_utf8, as_one_line=as_one_line, pointy_brackets=pointy_brackets, use_index_order=use_index_order, float_format=float_format) result = out.getvalue() out.close() if as_one_line: return result.rstrip() return result def PrintMessage(message, out, indent=0, as_utf8=False, as_one_line=False, pointy_brackets=False, use_index_order=False, float_format=None): fields = message.ListFields() if use_index_order: fields.sort(key=lambda x: x[0].index) for field, value in fields: if field.label == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED: for element in value: PrintField(field, element, out, indent, as_utf8, as_one_line, pointy_brackets=pointy_brackets, float_format=float_format) else: PrintField(field, value, out, indent, as_utf8, as_one_line, pointy_brackets=pointy_brackets, float_format=float_format) def PrintField(field, value, out, indent=0, as_utf8=False, as_one_line=False, pointy_brackets=False, float_format=None): """Print a single field name/value pair. For repeated fields, the value should be a single element.""" out.write(' ' * indent) if field.is_extension: out.write('[') if (field.containing_type.GetOptions().message_set_wire_format and field.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_MESSAGE and field.message_type == field.extension_scope and field.label == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_OPTIONAL): out.write(field.message_type.full_name) else: out.write(field.full_name) out.write(']') elif field.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_GROUP: # For groups, use the capitalized name. out.write(field.message_type.name) else: out.write(field.name) if field.cpp_type != descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE: # The colon is optional in this case, but our cross-language golden files # don't include it. out.write(': ') PrintFieldValue(field, value, out, indent, as_utf8, as_one_line, pointy_brackets=pointy_brackets, float_format=float_format) if as_one_line: out.write(' ') else: out.write('\n') def PrintFieldValue(field, value, out, indent=0, as_utf8=False, as_one_line=False, pointy_brackets=False, float_format=None): """Print a single field value (not including name). For repeated fields, the value should be a single element.""" if pointy_brackets: openb = '<' closeb = '>' else: openb = '{' closeb = '}' if field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE: if as_one_line: out.write(' %s ' % openb) PrintMessage(value, out, indent, as_utf8, as_one_line, pointy_brackets=pointy_brackets, float_format=float_format) out.write(closeb) else: out.write(' %s\n' % openb) PrintMessage(value, out, indent + 2, as_utf8, as_one_line, pointy_brackets=pointy_brackets, float_format=float_format) out.write(' ' * indent + closeb) elif field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_ENUM: enum_value = field.enum_type.values_by_number.get(value, None) if enum_value is not None: out.write(enum_value.name) else: out.write(str(value)) elif field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_STRING: out.write('\"') if isinstance(value, unicode): out_value = value.encode('utf-8') else: out_value = value if field.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_BYTES: # We need to escape non-UTF8 chars in TYPE_BYTES field. out_as_utf8 = False else: out_as_utf8 = as_utf8 out.write(text_encoding.CEscape(out_value, out_as_utf8)) out.write('\"') elif field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_BOOL: if value: out.write('true') else: out.write('false') elif field.cpp_type in _FLOAT_TYPES and float_format is not None: out.write('{1:{0}}'.format(float_format, value)) else: out.write(str(value)) def _ParseOrMerge(lines, message, allow_multiple_scalars): """Converts an ASCII representation of a protocol message into a message. Args: lines: Lines of a message's ASCII representation. message: A protocol buffer message to merge into. allow_multiple_scalars: Determines if repeated values for a non-repeated field are permitted, e.g., the string "foo: 1 foo: 2" for a required/optional field named "foo". Raises: ParseError: On ASCII parsing problems. """ tokenizer = _Tokenizer(lines) while not tokenizer.AtEnd(): _MergeField(tokenizer, message, allow_multiple_scalars) def Parse(text, message): """Parses an ASCII representation of a protocol message into a message. Args: text: Message ASCII representation. message: A protocol buffer message to merge into. Returns: The same message passed as argument. Raises: ParseError: On ASCII parsing problems. """ if not isinstance(text, str): text = text.decode('utf-8') return ParseLines(text.split('\n'), message) def Merge(text, message): """Parses an ASCII representation of a protocol message into a message. Like Parse(), but allows repeated values for a non-repeated field, and uses the last one. Args: text: Message ASCII representation. message: A protocol buffer message to merge into. Returns: The same message passed as argument. Raises: ParseError: On ASCII parsing problems. """ return MergeLines(text.split('\n'), message) def ParseLines(lines, message): """Parses an ASCII representation of a protocol message into a message. Args: lines: An iterable of lines of a message's ASCII representation. message: A protocol buffer message to merge into. Returns: The same message passed as argument. Raises: ParseError: On ASCII parsing problems. """ _ParseOrMerge(lines, message, False) return message def MergeLines(lines, message): """Parses an ASCII representation of a protocol message into a message. Args: lines: An iterable of lines of a message's ASCII representation. message: A protocol buffer message to merge into. Returns: The same message passed as argument. Raises: ParseError: On ASCII parsing problems. """ _ParseOrMerge(lines, message, True) return message def _MergeField(tokenizer, message, allow_multiple_scalars): """Merges a single protocol message field into a message. Args: tokenizer: A tokenizer to parse the field name and values. message: A protocol message to record the data. allow_multiple_scalars: Determines if repeated values for a non-repeated field are permitted, e.g., the string "foo: 1 foo: 2" for a required/optional field named "foo". Raises: ParseError: In case of ASCII parsing problems. """ message_descriptor = message.DESCRIPTOR if tokenizer.TryConsume('['): name = [tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier()] while tokenizer.TryConsume('.'): name.append(tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier()) name = '.'.join(name) if not message_descriptor.is_extendable: raise tokenizer.ParseErrorPreviousToken( 'Message type "%s" does not have extensions.' % message_descriptor.full_name) # pylint: disable=protected-access field = message.Extensions._FindExtensionByName(name) # pylint: enable=protected-access if not field: raise tokenizer.ParseErrorPreviousToken( 'Extension "%s" not registered.' % name) elif message_descriptor != field.containing_type: raise tokenizer.ParseErrorPreviousToken( 'Extension "%s" does not extend message type "%s".' % ( name, message_descriptor.full_name)) tokenizer.Consume(']') else: name = tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier() field = message_descriptor.fields_by_name.get(name, None) # Group names are expected to be capitalized as they appear in the # .proto file, which actually matches their type names, not their field # names. if not field: field = message_descriptor.fields_by_name.get(name.lower(), None) if field and field.type != descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_GROUP: field = None if (field and field.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_GROUP and field.message_type.name != name): field = None if not field: raise tokenizer.ParseErrorPreviousToken( 'Message type "%s" has no field named "%s".' % ( message_descriptor.full_name, name)) if field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE: tokenizer.TryConsume(':') if tokenizer.TryConsume('<'): end_token = '>' else: tokenizer.Consume('{') end_token = '}' if field.label == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED: if field.is_extension: sub_message = message.Extensions[field].add() else: sub_message = getattr(message, field.name).add() else: if field.is_extension: sub_message = message.Extensions[field] else: sub_message = getattr(message, field.name) sub_message.SetInParent() while not tokenizer.TryConsume(end_token): if tokenizer.AtEnd(): raise tokenizer.ParseErrorPreviousToken('Expected "%s".' % (end_token)) _MergeField(tokenizer, sub_message, allow_multiple_scalars) else: _MergeScalarField(tokenizer, message, field, allow_multiple_scalars) # For historical reasons, fields may optionally be separated by commas or # semicolons. if not tokenizer.TryConsume(','): tokenizer.TryConsume(';') def _MergeScalarField(tokenizer, message, field, allow_multiple_scalars): """Merges a single protocol message scalar field into a message. Args: tokenizer: A tokenizer to parse the field value. message: A protocol message to record the data. field: The descriptor of the field to be merged. allow_multiple_scalars: Determines if repeated values for a non-repeated field are permitted, e.g., the string "foo: 1 foo: 2" for a required/optional field named "foo". Raises: ParseError: In case of ASCII parsing problems. RuntimeError: On runtime errors. """ tokenizer.Consume(':') value = None if field.type in (descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_INT32, descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_SINT32, descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_SFIXED32): value = tokenizer.ConsumeInt32() elif field.type in (descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_INT64, descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_SINT64, descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_SFIXED64): value = tokenizer.ConsumeInt64() elif field.type in (descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_UINT32, descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_FIXED32): value = tokenizer.ConsumeUint32() elif field.type in (descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_UINT64, descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_FIXED64): value = tokenizer.ConsumeUint64() elif field.type in (descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_FLOAT, descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_DOUBLE): value = tokenizer.ConsumeFloat() elif field.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_BOOL: value = tokenizer.ConsumeBool() elif field.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_STRING: value = tokenizer.ConsumeString() elif field.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_BYTES: value = tokenizer.ConsumeByteString() elif field.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_ENUM: value = tokenizer.ConsumeEnum(field) else: raise RuntimeError('Unknown field type %d' % field.type) if field.label == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED: if field.is_extension: message.Extensions[field].append(value) else: getattr(message, field.name).append(value) else: if field.is_extension: if not allow_multiple_scalars and message.HasExtension(field): raise tokenizer.ParseErrorPreviousToken( 'Message type "%s" should not have multiple "%s" extensions.' % (message.DESCRIPTOR.full_name, field.full_name)) else: message.Extensions[field] = value else: if not allow_multiple_scalars and message.HasField(field.name): raise tokenizer.ParseErrorPreviousToken( 'Message type "%s" should not have multiple "%s" fields.' % (message.DESCRIPTOR.full_name, field.name)) else: setattr(message, field.name, value) class _Tokenizer(object): """Protocol buffer ASCII representation tokenizer. This class handles the lower level string parsing by splitting it into meaningful tokens. It was directly ported from the Java protocol buffer API. """ _WHITESPACE = re.compile('(\\s|(#.*$))+', re.MULTILINE) _TOKEN = re.compile( '[a-zA-Z_][0-9a-zA-Z_+-]*|' # an identifier '[0-9+-][0-9a-zA-Z_.+-]*|' # a number '\"([^\"\n\\\\]|\\\\.)*(\"|\\\\?$)|' # a double-quoted string '\'([^\'\n\\\\]|\\\\.)*(\'|\\\\?$)') # a single-quoted string _IDENTIFIER = re.compile(r'\w+') def __init__(self, lines): self._position = 0 self._line = -1 self._column = 0 self._token_start = None self.token = '' self._lines = iter(lines) self._current_line = '' self._previous_line = 0 self._previous_column = 0 self._more_lines = True self._SkipWhitespace() self.NextToken() def AtEnd(self): """Checks the end of the text was reached. Returns: True iff the end was reached. """ return not self.token def _PopLine(self): while len(self._current_line) <= self._column: try: self._current_line = self._lines.next() except StopIteration: self._current_line = '' self._more_lines = False return else: self._line += 1 self._column = 0 def _SkipWhitespace(self): while True: self._PopLine() match = self._WHITESPACE.match(self._current_line, self._column) if not match: break length = len(match.group(0)) self._column += length def TryConsume(self, token): """Tries to consume a given piece of text. Args: token: Text to consume. Returns: True iff the text was consumed. """ if self.token == token: self.NextToken() return True return False def Consume(self, token): """Consumes a piece of text. Args: token: Text to consume. Raises: ParseError: If the text couldn't be consumed. """ if not self.TryConsume(token): raise self._ParseError('Expected "%s".' % token) def ConsumeIdentifier(self): """Consumes protocol message field identifier. Returns: Identifier string. Raises: ParseError: If an identifier couldn't be consumed. """ result = self.token if not self._IDENTIFIER.match(result): raise self._ParseError('Expected identifier.') self.NextToken() return result def ConsumeInt32(self): """Consumes a signed 32bit integer number. Returns: The integer parsed. Raises: ParseError: If a signed 32bit integer couldn't be consumed. """ try: result = ParseInteger(self.token, is_signed=True, is_long=False) except ValueError, e: raise self._ParseError(str(e)) self.NextToken() return result def ConsumeUint32(self): """Consumes an unsigned 32bit integer number. Returns: The integer parsed. Raises: ParseError: If an unsigned 32bit integer couldn't be consumed. """ try: result = ParseInteger(self.token, is_signed=False, is_long=False) except ValueError, e: raise self._ParseError(str(e)) self.NextToken() return result def ConsumeInt64(self): """Consumes a signed 64bit integer number. Returns: The integer parsed. Raises: ParseError: If a signed 64bit integer couldn't be consumed. """ try: result = ParseInteger(self.token, is_signed=True, is_long=True) except ValueError, e: raise self._ParseError(str(e)) self.NextToken() return result def ConsumeUint64(self): """Consumes an unsigned 64bit integer number. Returns: The integer parsed. Raises: ParseError: If an unsigned 64bit integer couldn't be consumed. """ try: result = ParseInteger(self.token, is_signed=False, is_long=True) except ValueError, e: raise self._ParseError(str(e)) self.NextToken() return result def ConsumeFloat(self): """Consumes an floating point number. Returns: The number parsed. Raises: ParseError: If a floating point number couldn't be consumed. """ try: result = ParseFloat(self.token) except ValueError, e: raise self._ParseError(str(e)) self.NextToken() return result def ConsumeBool(self): """Consumes a boolean value. Returns: The bool parsed. Raises: ParseError: If a boolean value couldn't be consumed. """ try: result = ParseBool(self.token) except ValueError, e: raise self._ParseError(str(e)) self.NextToken() return result def ConsumeString(self): """Consumes a string value. Returns: The string parsed. Raises: ParseError: If a string value couldn't be consumed. """ the_bytes = self.ConsumeByteString() try: return unicode(the_bytes, 'utf-8') except UnicodeDecodeError, e: raise self._StringParseError(e) def ConsumeByteString(self): """Consumes a byte array value. Returns: The array parsed (as a string). Raises: ParseError: If a byte array value couldn't be consumed. """ the_list = [self._ConsumeSingleByteString()] while self.token and self.token[0] in ('\'', '"'): the_list.append(self._ConsumeSingleByteString()) return ''.encode('latin1').join(the_list) ##PY25 ##!PY25 return b''.join(the_list) def _ConsumeSingleByteString(self): """Consume one token of a string literal. String literals (whether bytes or text) can come in multiple adjacent tokens which are automatically concatenated, like in C or Python. This method only consumes one token. """ text = self.token if len(text) < 1 or text[0] not in ('\'', '"'): raise self._ParseError('Expected string.') if len(text) < 2 or text[-1] != text[0]: raise self._ParseError('String missing ending quote.') try: result = text_encoding.CUnescape(text[1:-1]) except ValueError, e: raise self._ParseError(str(e)) self.NextToken() return result def ConsumeEnum(self, field): try: result = ParseEnum(field, self.token) except ValueError, e: raise self._ParseError(str(e)) self.NextToken() return result def ParseErrorPreviousToken(self, message): """Creates and *returns* a ParseError for the previously read token. Args: message: A message to set for the exception. Returns: A ParseError instance. """ return ParseError('%d:%d : %s' % ( self._previous_line + 1, self._previous_column + 1, message)) def _ParseError(self, message): """Creates and *returns* a ParseError for the current token.""" return ParseError('%d:%d : %s' % ( self._line + 1, self._column + 1, message)) def _StringParseError(self, e): return self._ParseError('Couldn\'t parse string: ' + str(e)) def NextToken(self): """Reads the next meaningful token.""" self._previous_line = self._line self._previous_column = self._column self._column += len(self.token) self._SkipWhitespace() if not self._more_lines: self.token = '' return match = self._TOKEN.match(self._current_line, self._column) if match: token = match.group(0) self.token = token else: self.token = self._current_line[self._column] def ParseInteger(text, is_signed=False, is_long=False): """Parses an integer. Args: text: The text to parse. is_signed: True if a signed integer must be parsed. is_long: True if a long integer must be parsed. Returns: The integer value. Raises: ValueError: Thrown Iff the text is not a valid integer. """ # Do the actual parsing. Exception handling is propagated to caller. try: # We force 32-bit values to int and 64-bit values to long to make # alternate implementations where the distinction is more significant # (e.g. the C++ implementation) simpler. if is_long: result = long(text, 0) else: result = int(text, 0) except ValueError: raise ValueError('Couldn\'t parse integer: %s' % text) # Check if the integer is sane. Exceptions handled by callers. checker = _INTEGER_CHECKERS[2 * int(is_long) + int(is_signed)] checker.CheckValue(result) return result def ParseFloat(text): """Parse a floating point number. Args: text: Text to parse. Returns: The number parsed. Raises: ValueError: If a floating point number couldn't be parsed. """ try: # Assume Python compatible syntax. return float(text) except ValueError: # Check alternative spellings. if _FLOAT_INFINITY.match(text): if text[0] == '-': return float('-inf') else: return float('inf') elif _FLOAT_NAN.match(text): return float('nan') else: # assume '1.0f' format try: return float(text.rstrip('f')) except ValueError: raise ValueError('Couldn\'t parse float: %s' % text) def ParseBool(text): """Parse a boolean value. Args: text: Text to parse. Returns: Boolean values parsed Raises: ValueError: If text is not a valid boolean. """ if text in ('true', 't', '1'): return True elif text in ('false', 'f', '0'): return False else: raise ValueError('Expected "true" or "false".') def ParseEnum(field, value): """Parse an enum value. The value can be specified by a number (the enum value), or by a string literal (the enum name). Args: field: Enum field descriptor. value: String value. Returns: Enum value number. Raises: ValueError: If the enum value could not be parsed. """ enum_descriptor = field.enum_type try: number = int(value, 0) except ValueError: # Identifier. enum_value = enum_descriptor.values_by_name.get(value, None) if enum_value is None: raise ValueError( 'Enum type "%s" has no value named %s.' % ( enum_descriptor.full_name, value)) else: # Numeric value. enum_value = enum_descriptor.values_by_number.get(number, None) if enum_value is None: raise ValueError( 'Enum type "%s" has no value with number %d.' % ( enum_descriptor.full_name, number)) return enum_value.number