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authorThe Android Open Source Project <initial-contribution@android.com>2009-03-03 19:31:44 -0800
committerThe Android Open Source Project <initial-contribution@android.com>2009-03-03 19:31:44 -0800
commit9066cfe9886ac131c34d59ed0e2d287b0e3c0087 (patch)
treed88beb88001f2482911e3d28e43833b50e4b4e97 /core/java/android/content/BroadcastReceiver.java
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+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2006 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.content;
+
+import android.app.ActivityManagerNative;
+import android.app.IActivityManager;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+/**
+ * Base class for code that will receive intents sent by sendBroadcast().
+ * You can either dynamically register an instance of this class with
+ * {@link Context#registerReceiver Context.registerReceiver()}
+ * or statically publish an implementation through the
+ * {@link android.R.styleable#AndroidManifestReceiver &lt;receiver&gt;}
+ * tag in your <code>AndroidManifest.xml</code>. <em><strong>Note:</strong></em>
+ * &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If registering a receiver in your
+ * {@link android.app.Activity#onResume() Activity.onResume()}
+ * implementation, you should unregister it in
+ * {@link android.app.Activity#onPause() Activity.onPause()}.
+ * (You won't receive intents when paused,
+ * and this will cut down on unnecessary system overhead). Do not unregister in
+ * {@link android.app.Activity#onSaveInstanceState(android.os.Bundle) Activity.onSaveInstanceState()},
+ * because this won't be called if the user moves back in the history
+ * stack.
+ *
+ * <p>There are two major classes of broadcasts that can be received:</p>
+ * <ul>
+ * <li> <b>Normal broadcasts</b> (sent with {@link Context#sendBroadcast(Intent)
+ * Context.sendBroadcast}) are completely asynchronous. All receivers of the
+ * broadcast are run, in an undefined order, often at the same time. This is
+ * more efficient, but means that receivers can not use the result or abort
+ * APIs included here.
+ * <li> <b>Ordered broadcasts</b> (sent with {@link Context#sendOrderedBroadcast(Intent, String)
+ * Context.sendOrderedBroadcast}) are delivered to one receiver at a time.
+ * As each receiver executes in turn, it can propagate a result to the next
+ * receiver, or it can completely abort the broadcast so that it won't be passed
+ * to other receivers. The order receivers runs in can be controlled with the
+ * {@link android.R.styleable#AndroidManifestIntentFilter_priority
+ * android:priority} attribute of the matching intent-filter; receivers with
+ * the same priority will be run in an arbitrary order.
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <p>Even in the case of normal broadcasts, the system may in some
+ * situations revert to delivering the broadcast one receiver at a time. In
+ * particular, for receivers that may require the creation of a process, only
+ * one will be run at a time to avoid overloading the system with new processes.
+ * In this situation, however, the non-ordered semantics hold: these receivers
+ * can not return results or abort their broadcast.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>Note that, although the Intent class is used for sending and receiving
+ * these broadcasts, the Intent broadcast mechanism here is completely separate
+ * from Intents that are used to start Activities with
+ * {@link Context#startActivity Context.startActivity()}.
+ * There is no way for an BroadcastReceiver
+ * to see or capture Intents used with startActivity(); likewise, when
+ * you broadcast an Intent, you will never find or start an Activity.
+ * These two operations are semantically very different: starting an
+ * Activity with an Intent is a foreground operation that modifies what the
+ * user is currently interacting with; broadcasting an Intent is a background
+ * operation that the user is not normally aware of.
+ *
+ * <p>The BroadcastReceiver class (when launched as a component through
+ * a manifest's {@link android.R.styleable#AndroidManifestReceiver &lt;receiver&gt;}
+ * tag) is an important part of an
+ * <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/fundamentals.html#lcycles">application's overall lifecycle</a>.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>Topics covered here:
+ * <ol>
+ * <li><a href="#ReceiverLifecycle">Receiver Lifecycle</a>
+ * <li><a href="#Permissions">Permissions</a>
+ * <li><a href="#ProcessLifecycle">Process Lifecycle</a>
+ * </ol>
+ *
+ * <a name="ReceiverLifecycle"></a>
+ * <h3>Receiver Lifecycle</h3>
+ *
+ * <p>A BroadcastReceiver object is only valid for the duration of the call
+ * to {@link #onReceive}. Once your code returns from this function,
+ * the system considers the object to be finished and no longer active.
+ *
+ * <p>This has important repercussions to what you can do in an
+ * {@link #onReceive} implementation: anything that requires asynchronous
+ * operation is not available, because you will need to return from the
+ * function to handle the asynchronous operation, but at that point the
+ * BroadcastReceiver is no longer active and thus the system is free to kill
+ * its process before the asynchronous operation completes.
+ *
+ * <p>In particular, you may <i>not</i> show a dialog or bind to a service from
+ * within an BroadcastReceiver. For the former, you should instead use the
+ * {@link android.app.NotificationManager} API. For the latter, you can
+ * use {@link android.content.Context#startService Context.startService()} to
+ * send a command to the service.
+ *
+ * <a name="Permissions"></a>
+ * <h3>Permissions</h3>
+ *
+ * <p>Access permissions can be enforced by either the sender or receiver
+ * of an Intent.
+ *
+ * <p>To enforce a permission when sending, you supply a non-null
+ * <var>permission</var> argument to
+ * {@link Context#sendBroadcast(Intent, String)} or
+ * {@link Context#sendOrderedBroadcast(Intent, String, BroadcastReceiver, android.os.Handler, int, String, Bundle)}.
+ * Only receivers who have been granted this permission
+ * (by requesting it with the
+ * {@link android.R.styleable#AndroidManifestUsesPermission &lt;uses-permission&gt;}
+ * tag in their <code>AndroidManifest.xml</code>) will be able to receive
+ * the broadcast.
+ *
+ * <p>To enforce a permission when receiving, you supply a non-null
+ * <var>permission</var> when registering your receiver -- either when calling
+ * {@link Context#registerReceiver(BroadcastReceiver, IntentFilter, String, android.os.Handler)}
+ * or in the static
+ * {@link android.R.styleable#AndroidManifestReceiver &lt;receiver&gt;}
+ * tag in your <code>AndroidManifest.xml</code>. Only broadcasters who have
+ * been granted this permission (by requesting it with the
+ * {@link android.R.styleable#AndroidManifestUsesPermission &lt;uses-permission&gt;}
+ * tag in their <code>AndroidManifest.xml</code>) will be able to send an
+ * Intent to the receiver.
+ *
+ * <p>See the <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/security/security.html">Security and Permissions</a>
+ * document for more information on permissions and security in general.
+ *
+ * <a name="ProcessLifecycle"></a>
+ * <h3>Process Lifecycle</h3>
+ *
+ * <p>A process that is currently executing an BroadcastReceiver (that is,
+ * currently running the code in its {@link #onReceive} method) is
+ * considered to be a foreground process and will be kept running by the
+ * system except under cases of extreme memory pressure.
+ *
+ * <p>Once you return from onReceive(), the BroadcastReceiver is no longer
+ * active, and its hosting process is only as important as any other application
+ * components that are running in it. This is especially important because if
+ * that process was only hosting the BroadcastReceiver (a common case for
+ * applications that the user has never or not recently interacted with), then
+ * upon returning from onReceive() the system will consider its process
+ * to be empty and aggressively kill it so that resources are available for other
+ * more important processes.
+ *
+ * <p>This means that for longer-running operations you will often use
+ * a {@link android.app.Service} in conjunction with an BroadcastReceiver to keep
+ * the containing process active for the entire time of your operation.
+ */
+public abstract class BroadcastReceiver {
+ public BroadcastReceiver() {
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * This method is called when the BroadcastReceiver is receiving an Intent
+ * broadcast. During this time you can use the other methods on
+ * BroadcastReceiver to view/modify the current result values. The function
+ * is normally called from the main thread of its process, so you should
+ * never perform long-running operations in it (there is a timeout of
+ * 10 seconds that the system allows before considering the receiver to
+ * be blocked and a candidate to be killed). You cannot launch a popup dialog
+ * in your implementation of onReceive().
+ *
+ * <p><b>If this BroadcastReceiver was launched through a &lt;receiver&gt; tag,
+ * then the object is no longer alive after returning from this
+ * function.</b> This means you should not perform any operations that
+ * return a result to you asynchronously -- in particular, for interacting
+ * with services, you should use
+ * {@link Context#startService(Intent)} instead of
+ * {@link Context#bindService(Intent, ServiceConnection, int)}. If you wish
+ * to interact with a service that is already running, you can use
+ * {@link #peekService}.
+ *
+ * @param context The Context in which the receiver is running.
+ * @param intent The Intent being received.
+ */
+ public abstract void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent);
+
+ /**
+ * Provide a binder to an already-running service. This method is synchronous
+ * and will not start the target service if it is not present, so it is safe
+ * to call from {@link #onReceive}.
+ *
+ * @param myContext The Context that had been passed to {@link #onReceive(Context, Intent)}
+ * @param service The Intent indicating the service you wish to use. See {@link
+ * Context#startService(Intent)} for more information.
+ */
+ public IBinder peekService(Context myContext, Intent service) {
+ IActivityManager am = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault();
+ IBinder binder = null;
+ try {
+ binder = am.peekService(service, service.resolveTypeIfNeeded(
+ myContext.getContentResolver()));
+ } catch (RemoteException e) {
+ }
+ return binder;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Change the current result code of this broadcast; only works with
+ * broadcasts sent through
+ * {@link Context#sendOrderedBroadcast(Intent, String)
+ * Context.sendOrderedBroadcast}. Often uses the
+ * Activity {@link android.app.Activity#RESULT_CANCELED} and
+ * {@link android.app.Activity#RESULT_OK} constants, though the
+ * actual meaning of this value is ultimately up to the broadcaster.
+ *
+ * <p><strong>This method does not work with non-ordered broadcasts such
+ * as those sent with {@link Context#sendBroadcast(Intent)
+ * Context.sendBroadcast}</strong></p>
+ *
+ * @param code The new result code.
+ *
+ * @see #setResult(int, String, Bundle)
+ */
+ public final void setResultCode(int code) {
+ checkSynchronousHint();
+ mResultCode = code;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Retrieve the current result code, as set by the previous receiver.
+ *
+ * @return int The current result code.
+ */
+ public final int getResultCode() {
+ return mResultCode;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Change the current result data of this broadcast; only works with
+ * broadcasts sent through
+ * {@link Context#sendOrderedBroadcast(Intent, String)
+ * Context.sendOrderedBroadcast}. This is an arbitrary
+ * string whose interpretation is up to the broadcaster.
+ *
+ * <p><strong>This method does not work with non-ordered broadcasts such
+ * as those sent with {@link Context#sendBroadcast(Intent)
+ * Context.sendBroadcast}</strong></p>
+ *
+ * @param data The new result data; may be null.
+ *
+ * @see #setResult(int, String, Bundle)
+ */
+ public final void setResultData(String data) {
+ checkSynchronousHint();
+ mResultData = data;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Retrieve the current result data, as set by the previous receiver.
+ * Often this is null.
+ *
+ * @return String The current result data; may be null.
+ */
+ public final String getResultData() {
+ return mResultData;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Change the current result extras of this broadcast; only works with
+ * broadcasts sent through
+ * {@link Context#sendOrderedBroadcast(Intent, String)
+ * Context.sendOrderedBroadcast}. This is a Bundle
+ * holding arbitrary data, whose interpretation is up to the
+ * broadcaster. Can be set to null. Calling this method completely
+ * replaces the current map (if any).
+ *
+ * <p><strong>This method does not work with non-ordered broadcasts such
+ * as those sent with {@link Context#sendBroadcast(Intent)
+ * Context.sendBroadcast}</strong></p>
+ *
+ * @param extras The new extra data map; may be null.
+ *
+ * @see #setResult(int, String, Bundle)
+ */
+ public final void setResultExtras(Bundle extras) {
+ checkSynchronousHint();
+ mResultExtras = extras;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Retrieve the current result extra data, as set by the previous receiver.
+ * Any changes you make to the returned Map will be propagated to the next
+ * receiver.
+ *
+ * @param makeMap If true then a new empty Map will be made for you if the
+ * current Map is null; if false you should be prepared to
+ * receive a null Map.
+ *
+ * @return Map The current extras map.
+ */
+ public final Bundle getResultExtras(boolean makeMap) {
+ Bundle e = mResultExtras;
+ if (!makeMap) return e;
+ if (e == null) mResultExtras = e = new Bundle();
+ return e;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Change all of the result data returned from this broadcasts; only works
+ * with broadcasts sent through
+ * {@link Context#sendOrderedBroadcast(Intent, String)
+ * Context.sendOrderedBroadcast}. All current result data is replaced
+ * by the value given to this method.
+ *
+ * <p><strong>This method does not work with non-ordered broadcasts such
+ * as those sent with {@link Context#sendBroadcast(Intent)
+ * Context.sendBroadcast}</strong></p>
+ *
+ * @param code The new result code. Often uses the
+ * Activity {@link android.app.Activity#RESULT_CANCELED} and
+ * {@link android.app.Activity#RESULT_OK} constants, though the
+ * actual meaning of this value is ultimately up to the broadcaster.
+ * @param data The new result data. This is an arbitrary
+ * string whose interpretation is up to the broadcaster; may be null.
+ * @param extras The new extra data map. This is a Bundle
+ * holding arbitrary data, whose interpretation is up to the
+ * broadcaster. Can be set to null. This completely
+ * replaces the current map (if any).
+ */
+ public final void setResult(int code, String data, Bundle extras) {
+ checkSynchronousHint();
+ mResultCode = code;
+ mResultData = data;
+ mResultExtras = extras;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Returns the flag indicating whether or not this receiver should
+ * abort the current broadcast.
+ *
+ * @return True if the broadcast should be aborted.
+ */
+ public final boolean getAbortBroadcast() {
+ return mAbortBroadcast;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Sets the flag indicating that this receiver should abort the
+ * current broadcast; only works with broadcasts sent through
+ * {@link Context#sendOrderedBroadcast(Intent, String)
+ * Context.sendOrderedBroadcast}. This will prevent
+ * any other broadcast receivers from receiving the broadcast. It will still
+ * call {@link #onReceive} of the BroadcastReceiver that the caller of
+ * {@link Context#sendOrderedBroadcast(Intent, String)
+ * Context.sendOrderedBroadcast} passed in.
+ *
+ * <p><strong>This method does not work with non-ordered broadcasts such
+ * as those sent with {@link Context#sendBroadcast(Intent)
+ * Context.sendBroadcast}</strong></p>
+ */
+ public final void abortBroadcast() {
+ checkSynchronousHint();
+ mAbortBroadcast = true;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Clears the flag indicating that this receiver should abort the current
+ * broadcast.
+ */
+ public final void clearAbortBroadcast() {
+ mAbortBroadcast = false;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * For internal use, sets the hint about whether this BroadcastReceiver is
+ * running in ordered mode.
+ */
+ public final void setOrderedHint(boolean isOrdered) {
+ mOrderedHint = isOrdered;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Control inclusion of debugging help for mismatched
+ * calls to {@ Context#registerReceiver(BroadcastReceiver, IntentFilter)
+ * Context.registerReceiver()}.
+ * If called with true, before given to registerReceiver(), then the
+ * callstack of the following {@link Context#unregisterReceiver(BroadcastReceiver)
+ * Context.unregisterReceiver()} call is retained, to be printed if a later
+ * incorrect unregister call is made. Note that doing this requires retaining
+ * information about the BroadcastReceiver for the lifetime of the app,
+ * resulting in a leak -- this should only be used for debugging.
+ */
+ public final void setDebugUnregister(boolean debug) {
+ mDebugUnregister = debug;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Return the last value given to {@link #setDebugUnregister}.
+ */
+ public final boolean getDebugUnregister() {
+ return mDebugUnregister;
+ }
+
+ void checkSynchronousHint() {
+ if (mOrderedHint) {
+ return;
+ }
+ RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
+ "BroadcastReceiver trying to return result during a non-ordered broadcast");
+ e.fillInStackTrace();
+ Log.e("BroadcastReceiver", e.getMessage(), e);
+ }
+
+ private int mResultCode;
+ private String mResultData;
+ private Bundle mResultExtras;
+ private boolean mAbortBroadcast;
+ private boolean mDebugUnregister;
+ private boolean mOrderedHint;
+}
+