diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'docs')
33 files changed, 1108 insertions, 316 deletions
diff --git a/docs/html/about/about_toc.cs b/docs/html/about/about_toc.cs index 45e8eb3..a4bc4a5 100644 --- a/docs/html/about/about_toc.cs +++ b/docs/html/about/about_toc.cs @@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ es-lang="Lollipop"> <span class="en">Lollipop</span></a></div> <ul> - <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>about/versions/android-5.1.html">Android 5.1 APIs</a></li> <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>about/versions/android-5.0.html" zh-tw-lang="Android 5.0 API" zh-cn-lang="Android 5.0 API" diff --git a/docs/html/about/versions/android-5.1.jd b/docs/html/about/versions/android-5.1.jd deleted file mode 100644 index 1238680..0000000 --- a/docs/html/about/versions/android-5.1.jd +++ /dev/null @@ -1,124 +0,0 @@ -page.title=Android 5.1 APIs -excludeFromSuggestions=true -sdk.platform.version=5.1 -sdk.platform.apiLevel=22 -@jd:body - - -<div id="qv-wrapper"> -<div id="qv"> - -<h2>In this document - <a href="#" onclick="hideNestedItems('#toc44',this);return false;" class="header-toggle"> - <span class="more">show more</span> - <span class="less" style="display:none">show less</span></a></h2> - -<ol id="toc44" class="hide-nested"> - <li><a href="#ApiLevel">Update your target API level</a></li> - - <li><a href="#multisim">Multiple SIM Card Support</a></li> - <li><a href="#http">Deprecated HTTP Classes</a></li> - <li><a href="#carrier">Carrier Services</a></li> -</ol> - -<h2>API Differences</h2> -<ol> -<li><a href="{@docRoot}sdk/api_diff/22/changes.html">API level 21 to 22 »</a> </li> -</ol> - -<h2>See Also</h2> -<ol> -<li><a href="{@docRoot}about/versions/lollipop.html">Android Lollipop Highlights</a> </li> -</ol> - - -</div> -</div> - -<p>API Level: {@sdkPlatformApiLevel}</p> - -<p> - Android 5.1 - (<a href="{@docRoot}reference/android/os/Build.VERSION_CODES.html#LOLLIPOP_MR1">LOLLIPOP_MR1</a>) - is an update to the Lollipop release that offers new features for users and app developers. - This document provides an introduction to the most notable new APIs. -</p> - -<p> - For a high-level look at the new platform features, see the <a href= - "{@docRoot}about/versions/lollipop.html">Android Lollipop highlights</a>. -</p> - - -<h3 id="ApiLevel">Update your target API level</h3> - -<p> - To start building apps for Android 5.1, use the - <a href="{@docRoot}tools/help/sdk-manager.html">SDK Manager</a> to download the Android 5.1 SDK - Platform and System Images. Then set your app development project to use a - <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/manifest/uses-sdk-element.html#target">{@code targetSdkVersion}</a> - of <code>"{@sdkPlatformApiLevel}"</code>. Install your app on an Android {@sdkPlatformVersion} - system image, test it, then publish the updated app with this change. -</p> - -<p> - You can use Android {@sdkPlatformVersion} APIs while also supporting older versions by adding - conditions to your code that check for the system API level before executing APIs not supported - by your <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/manifest/uses-sdk-element.html#min">{@code - minSdkVersion}</a>. To learn more about maintaining backward compatibility, read <a href= - "{@docRoot}training/basics/supporting-devices/platforms.html">Supporting Different Platform - Versions</a>. -</p> - -<p> - For more information about how API levels work, read <a href= - "{@docRoot}guide/topics/manifest/uses-sdk-element.html#ApiLevels">What is API Level?</a> -</p> - -<h2 id="multisim">Multiple SIM Card Support</h2> - -<p> - Android 5.1 adds support for using more than one cellular carrier SIM card at a time. This - feature lets users activate and use additional SIMs on devices that have two or more SIM card - slots. -</p> - -<p> - You can access information about the currently active SIM through the {@link - android.telephony.SubscriptionManager} class, including whether or not the device is considered - to be roaming on the current network. This information is useful for developers who want to - throttle their apps' data access down or off for device users who are sensitive to data access - charges. Your app can be alerted to changes in a device's current network connection by - requesting the {@link android.Manifest.permission#READ_PHONE_STATE} permission and setting {@link - android.telephony.SubscriptionManager.OnSubscriptionsChangedListener} on the {@link - android.telephony.SubscriptionManager} object. -</p> - - -<h2 id="http">Deprecated HTTP Classes</h2> - -<p> - The {@code org.apache.http} classes and the {@link android.net.http.AndroidHttpClient} class - have been deprecated in Android 5.1. These classes are no longer being maintained and you should - migrate any app code using these APIs to the {@link java.net.URLConnection} classes as soon as - possible. -</p> - - -<h2 id="carrier">Carrier Services</h2> - -<p> - Android 5.1 provides support for telecommunication service providers to create apps that can - perform carrier provisioning tasks on an Android device. These APIs provide a secure and flexible - way for carrier-developed apps to perform these tasks and be distributed through Google Play. Apps - that use these functions must be signed by a certificate that matches the certificate in the - device's Universal Integrated Circuit Card (UICC). -</p> - -<p> - The carrier service APIs have been added to the {@link android.telephony.TelephonyManager} class, - the {@link android.telephony.SmsManager} class, and the new {@link - android.service.carrier.CarrierMessagingService} class. Apps can check for access to these APIs - by calling the {@link android.telephony.TelephonyManager#hasCarrierPrivileges} method. Apps that - call these APIs without access receive a {@link java.lang.SecurityException}. -</p> diff --git a/docs/html/guide/components/intents-common.jd b/docs/html/guide/components/intents-common.jd index 964f075..167ebde 100644 --- a/docs/html/guide/components/intents-common.jd +++ b/docs/html/guide/components/intents-common.jd @@ -1018,7 +1018,7 @@ and include email details such as the recipient and subject using the extra keys <dt><b>MIME Type</b></dt> <dd> <dl> - <dt>{@link org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP#PLAIN_TEXT_TYPE} ("text/plain") + <dt><code>"text/plain"</code> <dt><code>"*/*"</code> </dl> </dd> @@ -2053,7 +2053,7 @@ details such as the phone number, subject, and message body using the extra keys <dt><b>MIME Type</b></dt> <dd> <dl> - <dt>{@link org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP#PLAIN_TEXT_TYPE} (<code>"text/plain"</code>) + <dt><code>"text/plain"</code> <dt><code>"image/*"</code> <dt><code>"video/*"</code> </dl> @@ -2164,7 +2164,7 @@ and specify the web URL in the intent data.</p> <dt><b>MIME Type</b></dt> <dd> <dl> - <dt>{@link org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP#PLAIN_TEXT_TYPE} (<code>"text/plain"</code>) + <dt><code>"text/plain"</code> <dt><code>"text/html"</code> <dt><code>"application/xhtml+xml"</code> <dt><code>"application/vnd.wap.xhtml+xml"</code> diff --git a/docs/html/guide/components/intents-filters.jd b/docs/html/guide/components/intents-filters.jd index 3dec216..0759088 100644 --- a/docs/html/guide/components/intents-filters.jd +++ b/docs/html/guide/components/intents-filters.jd @@ -376,9 +376,7 @@ the intent.</p> Intent sendIntent = new Intent(); sendIntent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_SEND); sendIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, textMessage); -sendIntent.setType({@link - org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP#PLAIN_TEXT_TYPE - HTTP.PLAIN_TEXT_TYPE}); // "text/plain" MIME type +sendIntent.setType("text/plain"); // Verify that the intent will resolve to an activity if (sendIntent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) { diff --git a/docs/html/guide/topics/manifest/application-element.jd b/docs/html/guide/topics/manifest/application-element.jd index b5af9c3..e63ba71 100644 --- a/docs/html/guide/topics/manifest/application-element.jd +++ b/docs/html/guide/topics/manifest/application-element.jd @@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ page.title=<application> android:<a href="#testOnly">testOnly</a>=["true" | "false"] android:<a href="#theme">theme</a>="<i>resource or theme</i>" android:<a href="#uioptions">uiOptions</a>=["none" | "splitActionBarWhenNarrow"] + android:<a href="#usesCleartextTraffic">usesCleartextTraffic</a>=["true" | "false"] android:<a href="#vmSafeMode">vmSafeMode</a>=["true" | "false"] > . . . </application></pre></dd> @@ -446,6 +447,33 @@ href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/ui/actionbar.html">Action Bar</a> developer guide.< <p>This attribute was added in API level 14.</p> </dd> +<dt><a name="usesCleartextTraffic"></a>{@code android:usesCleartextTraffic}</dt> +<dd>Indicates whether the app intends to use cleartext network traffic, such as cleartext HTTP. +The default value is {@code "true"}. + +<p>When the attribute is set to {@code "false"}, platform components (for example, HTTP and FTP +stacks, {@link android.app.DownloadManager}, {@link android.media.MediaPlayer}) will refuse the +app's requests to use cleartext traffic. Third-party libraries are strongly encouraged to honor this +setting as well. The key reason for avoiding cleartext traffic is the lack of confidentiality, +authenticity, and protections against tampering: a network attacker can eavesdrop on transmitted +data and also modify it without being detected. + +<p>This flag is honored on a best effort basis because it's impossible to prevent all cleartext +traffic from Android applications given the level of access provided to them. For example, there's +no expectation that the {@link java.net.Socket} API will honor this flag because it cannot +determine whether its traffic is in cleartext. However, most network traffic from applications is +handled by higher-level network stacks/components which can honor this flag by either reading it +from {@link android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo#flags ApplicationInfo.flags} or +{@link android.security.NetworkSecurityPolicy#isCleartextTrafficPermitted() NetworkSecurityPolicy.isCleartextTrafficPermitted()}. + +<p>NOTE: {@link android.webkit.WebView} does not honor this flag. + +<p>During app development, StrictMode can be used to identify any cleartext traffic from the app: see +{@link android.os.StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder#detectCleartextNetwork() StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder.detectCleartextNetwork()}. + +<p>This attribute was added in API level 23.</p> +</dd> + <dt><a name="vmSafeMode"></a>{@code android:vmSafeMode}</dt> <dd>Indicates whether the app would like the virtual machine (VM) to operate in safe mode. 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following ways:</p> <ul> - <li>In Android Studio, click <strong>SDK Manager</strong> + <li>In Eclipse or Android Studio, click <strong>SDK Manager</strong> <img src="{@docRoot}images/tools/sdk-manager-studio.png" style="vertical-align:bottom;margin:0;height:17px" /> in the toolbar.</li> - <li>If you're not using Android Studio: + <li>If you're not using Eclipse or Android Studio: <ul> <li>Windows: Double-click the <code>SDK Manager.exe</code> file at the root of the Android SDK directory.</li> @@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ style="vertical-align:bottom;margin:0;height:17px" /> in the toolbar.</li> </li> </ul> -<p>When you open the SDK Manager for the first time, several packages are selected by +<p>When you open the SDK Manager for the first time, several packages will be selected by default. Leave these selected, but be sure you have everything you need to get started by following these steps:</p> diff --git a/docs/html/sdk/installing/index.jd b/docs/html/sdk/installing/index.jd index dc258db..45d1890 100644 --- a/docs/html/sdk/installing/index.jd +++ b/docs/html/sdk/installing/index.jd @@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ where they are installed. For example:</p> <p><b>To set up Android Studio on Mac OSX:</b></p> <ol> - <li>Launch the {@code .dmg} file you just downloaded.</li> + <li>Unzip the downloaded zip file, {@code android-studio-ide-<version>-mac.zip}.</li> <li>Drag and drop Android Studio into the Applications folder. <li>Open Android Studio and follow the setup wizard to install any necessary SDK tools. <p> @@ -97,11 +97,13 @@ where they are installed. For example:</p> <strong>Allow applications downloaded from</strong>, select <strong>Anywhere</strong>. Then open Android Studio again.</p> </li> + <li>Follow the links to install the SDK outside of the Android Studio directories.</li> </ol> -<p>If you need use the Android SDK tools from a command line, -you can access them at:</p> -<p><code>/Users/<user>/Library/Android/sdk/</code></p> +<p>The individual tools and other SDK packages are saved outside the Android Studio application +directory. If you need access the tools directly, use a terminal to navigate into the location +where they are installed. For example:</p> +<p><code>/Applications/sdk/</code></p> </div><!-- end mac --> @@ -112,7 +114,7 @@ you can access them at:</p> <p><b>To set up Android Studio on Linux:</b></p> <ol> - <li>Unpack the downloaded ZIP file into an + <li>Unpack the downloaded Tar file, {@code android-studio-ide-<version>-linux.zip}, into an appropriate location for your applications. <li>To launch Android Studio, navigate to the {@code android-studio/bin/} directory in a terminal and execute {@code studio.sh}. diff --git a/docs/html/sdk/installing/studio-tips.jd b/docs/html/sdk/installing/studio-tips.jd index a40050f..4e732f0 100644 --- a/docs/html/sdk/installing/studio-tips.jd +++ b/docs/html/sdk/installing/studio-tips.jd @@ -4,16 +4,9 @@ page.title=Android Studio Tips and Tricks <div id="qv-wrapper"> <div id="qv"> - <h2>In this document</h2> - <ol> - <li><a href="#productivity-features">Productivity Features</a></li> - <li><a href="#intellij">Working with IntelliJ</a></li> - <li><a href="#key-commands">Key Commands</a></li> - </ol> - <h2>See also</h2> <ol> - <li><a href="{@docRoot}sdk/index.html">Download Android Studio</a></li> + <li><a href="{@docRoot}tools/sdk/index.html">Download Android Studio</a></li> <li><a href="http://wiki.jetbrains.net/intellij/Android">IntelliJ IDEA Android Tutorials</a></li> <li><a href="http://confluence.jetbrains.com/display/IntelliJIDEA/FAQ+on+Migrating+to+IntelliJ+IDEA">IntelliJ FAQ on migrating to IntelliJ IDEA</a></li> </ol> @@ -26,174 +19,171 @@ provides some tips to help you get started with some of the most common tasks an enhancements. </p> -<h2 id="productivity-features">Productivity Features</h2> - -<p>Android Studio includes a number of features to help you be more productive in your coding. -This section notes a few of the key features to help you work quickly and efficiently. -</p> + <h2>Smart Rendering</h2> + <p>With smart rendering, Android Studio displays links for quick fixes to rendering errors. + For example, if you add a button to the layout without specifying the <em>width</em> and + <em>height</em> attributes, Android Studio displays the rendering message <em>Automatically + add all missing attributes</em>. Clicking the message adds the missing attributes to the layout.</p> -<h3>Smart Rendering</h3> -<p>With smart rendering, Android Studio displays links for quick fixes to rendering errors. -For example, if you add a button to the layout without specifying the <em>width</em> and -<em>height</em> attributes, Android Studio displays the rendering message <em>Automatically -add all missing attributes</em>. Clicking the message adds the missing attributes to the layout.</p> + <h2> Bitmap rendering in the debugger</h2> + <p>While debugging, you can now right-click on bitmap variables in your app and invoke + <em>View Bitmap</em>. This fetches the associated data from the debugged process and renders + the bitmap in the debugger. </p> + <p><img src="{@docRoot}images/tools/studio-bitmap-rendering.png" style="width:350px"/></p> + <p class="img-caption"><strong>Figure 13.</strong> Bitmap Rendering/p> -<h3> Bitmap rendering in the debugger</h3> -<p>While debugging, you can now right-click on bitmap variables in your app and invoke -<em>View Bitmap</em>. This fetches the associated data from the debugged process and renders -the bitmap in the debugger. </p> -<p><img src="{@docRoot}images/tools/studio-bitmap-rendering.png" style="width:350px"/></p> -<p class="img-caption"><strong>Figure 1.</strong> Bitmap Rendering</p> + <h2>Output window message filtering</h2> + <p>When checking build results, you can filter messages by <em>message type</em> to quickly + locate messages of interest.</p> + <img src="{@docRoot}images/tools/studio-outputwindowmsgfiltering.png" style="width:200px"style="width:200px" /> + <p class="img-caption"><strong>Figure 14.</strong> Filter Build Messages</p> -<h3>Output window message filtering</h3> -<p>When checking build results, you can filter messages by <em>message type</em> to quickly -locate messages of interest.</p> -<img src="{@docRoot}images/tools/studio-outputwindowmsgfiltering.png" style="width:200px"style="width:200px" /> -<p class="img-caption"><strong>Figure 2.</strong> Filter Build Messages</p> + <h2>Hierarchical parent setting</h2> + <p>The activity parent can now be set in the Activity Wizard when creating a new + activity. Setting a <em>hierarchal parent</em> sets the {@code Up} button to automatically + appear in the app's Action bar when viewing a child activity, so the {@code Up} + button no longer needs to be manually specified in the <em>menu.xml</em> file.</p> -<h3>Hierarchical parent setting</h3> -<p>The activity parent can now be set in the Activity Wizard when creating a new -activity. Setting a <em>hierarchal parent</em> sets the {@code Up} button to automatically -appear in the app's Action bar when viewing a child activity, so the {@code Up} -button no longer needs to be manually specified in the <em>menu.xml</em> file.</p> + <h2>Creating layouts</h2> + <p>Android Studio offers an advanced layout editor that allows you to drag-and-drop widgets + into your layout and preview your layout while editing the XML.</p> + <p>While editing in the <strong>Text</strong> view, you can preview the layout on devices by + opening the <strong>Preview</strong> pane available on the right side of the window. Within the + Preview pane, you can modify the preview by changing various options at the top of the pane, + including the preview device, layout theme, platform version and more. To preview the layout on + multiple devices simultaneously, select <strong>Preview All Screen Sizes</strong> from the + device drop-down.</p> + <p><img src="{@docRoot}images/tools/studio-previewall.png" style="width:350px"/></p> + <p class="img-caption"><strong>Figure 15.</strong> Preview All Screens/p> -<h3>Creating layouts</h3> -<p>Android Studio offers an advanced layout editor that allows you to drag-and-drop widgets -into your layout and preview your layout while editing the XML.</p> + <p>You can switch to the graphical editor by clicking <strong>Design</strong> at the + bottom of the window. While editing in the Design view, you can show and hide the + widgets available to drag-and-drop by clicking <strong>Palette</strong> on the left side of the + window. Clicking <strong>Designer</strong> on the right side of the window reveals a panel + with a layout hierarchy and a list of properties for each view in the layout.</p> -<p>While editing in the <strong>Text</strong> view, you can preview the layout on devices by -opening the <strong>Preview</strong> pane available on the right side of the window. Within the -Preview pane, you can modify the preview by changing various options at the top of the pane, -including the preview device, layout theme, platform version and more. To preview the layout on -multiple devices simultaneously, select <strong>Preview All Screen Sizes</strong> from the -device drop-down.</p> -<p><img src="{@docRoot}images/tools/studio-previewall.png" style="width:350px"/></p> -<p class="img-caption"><strong>Figure 3.</strong> Preview All Screens</p> -<p>You can switch to the graphical editor by clicking <strong>Design</strong> at the -bottom of the window. While editing in the Design view, you can show and hide the -widgets available to drag-and-drop by clicking <strong>Palette</strong> on the left side of the -window. Clicking <strong>Designer</strong> on the right side of the window reveals a panel -with a layout hierarchy and a list of properties for each view in the layout.</p> + <h3>Annotations</h3> + <p>Android Studio provides coding assistance for using annotations from the + {@link android.support.annotation Support-Annotations} library, part of the + Support Repository. Adding a dependency for this library enables you to decorate your code with + annotations to help catch bugs, such as null pointer exceptions and resource type conflicts. + You can also create enumerated annotations to, for example, check that a passed parameter value + matches a value from a defined set of constants. For more information, see + <a href="{@docRoot}tools/debugging/annotations.html#annotations">Improving Code Inspection with + Annotations</a>. </p> -<h3>Annotations</h3> -<p>Android Studio provides coding assistance for using annotations from the -{@link android.support.annotation Support-Annotations} library, part of the -Support Repository. + <h3>Java class decompiling</h3> + <p>Android Studio allows you to look at what’s inside Java libraries when you don’t have access + to the source code. </p> -Adding a dependency for this library enables you to decorate your code with annotations to help -catch bugs, such as null pointer exceptions and resource type conflicts. You can also create -enumerated annotations to, for example, check that a passed parameter value matches a value from -a defined set of constants. For more information, see -<a href="{@docRoot}tools/debugging/annotations.html#annotations">Improving Code Inspection with -Annotations</a>. -</p> + <p>The decompiler is built into Android Studio for easy access. To use this feature, right-click + a class, method, or field from a library for which you do not have source file access and select + <strong>decompile</strong>.</p> The decompiled source code appears. </p> + <p>To adjust the Java decompiler settings, select + <strong>File > Settings > Other Settings > Java Decompiler</strong>. </p> -<h3>Java class decompiling</h3> -<p>Android Studio allows you to look at what’s inside Java libraries when you don’t have access -to the source code. </p> -<p>The decompiler is built into Android Studio for easy access. To use this feature, right-click -a class, method, or field from a library for which you do not have source file access and select -<strong>decompile</strong>.</p> The decompiled source code appears. </p> + <h3>Debugging and performance enhancements</h3> + <p>Android Studio offers debugging and performance enhancements such as:</p> + <ul> + <li>Auto detect an expanded set of code styles. To modify the current code style, choose + <strong>File > Settings > Code Styles</strong>. </li> + <li>Support for high density (Retina) displays on Windows and Linux. </li> + <li>Scratch files for quick prototyping without creating any project files. + <p>Choose <strong>Tools > New Scratch File</strong> to open a scratch file to quickly + build and run code prototypes. Together with Android Studio coding assistance, scratch + files allow you to quickly run and debug code updates with the support of all file operations. + By embedding code created with scripting languages, you can run your code from within the + scratch file.</p> + </li> + </ul> -<p>To adjust the Java decompiler settings, select -<strong>File > Settings > Other Settings > Java Decompiler</strong>. </p> -<h3>Debugging and performance enhancements</h3> -<p>Android Studio offers debugging and performance enhancements such as:</p> -<ul> - <li>Auto detect an expanded set of code styles. To modify the current code style, choose - <strong>File > Settings > Code Styles</strong>. </li> - <li>Support for high density (Retina) displays on Windows and Linux. </li> - <li>Scratch files for quick prototyping without creating any project files. - <p>Choose <strong>Tools > New Scratch File</strong> to open a scratch file to quickly - build and run code prototypes. Together with Android Studio coding assistance, scratch - files allow you to quickly run and debug code updates with the support of all file operations. - By embedding code created with scripting languages, you can run your code from within the - scratch file.</p> - </li> -</ul> +<h2 id="intellij">Working with IntelliJ-based Coding Practices</h2> + <p>This section list just a few of the code editing + practices you should consider using when creating Android Studio apps. </p> + <p>For complete user documentation for the IntelliJ IDEA interface (upon which Android Studio + is based), refer to the + <a href="http://www.jetbrains.com/idea/documentation/index.jsp">IntelliJ IDEA documentation</a>.</p> -<h2 id="intellij">Working with IntelliJ-based Coding Practices</h3> + <h3><em>Alt + Enter</em> key binding</h3> + <p>For quick fixes to coding errors, the IntelliJ powered IDE implements the <em>Alt + Enter</em> + key binding to fix errors (missing imports, variable assignments, missing references, etc) when + possible, and if not, suggest the most probable solution. </p> -<p>This section list just a few of the code editing -practices you should consider using when creating Android Studio apps. </p> -<p>For complete user documentation for the IntelliJ IDEA interface (upon which Android Studio -is based), refer to the -<a href="http://www.jetbrains.com/idea/documentation/index.jsp">IntelliJ IDEA documentation</a>.</p> + <h3><em>Ctrl + D</em> key binding</h3> + <p>The <em>Ctrl + D</em> key binding is great for quickly duplicating code lines or fragments. + Simply select the desired line or fragment and enter this key binding. </p> + <h3>Navigate menu</h3> + <p>In case you're not familiar with an API class, file or symbol, the <em>Navigate</em> menu lets + you jump directly to the class of a method or field name without having to search through + individual classes. </p> -<h3><em>Alt + Enter</em> key binding</h3> -<p>For quick fixes to coding errors, the IntelliJ powered IDE implements the <em>Alt + Enter</em> -key binding to fix errors (missing imports, variable assignments, missing references, etc) when -possible, and if not, suggest the most probable solution. </p> + <h3>Inspection scopes</h3> + <p>Scopes set the color of code segments for easy code identification and location. For example, + you can set a scope to identify all code related to a specific action bar. </p> -<h3><em>Ctrl + D</em> key binding</h3> -<p>The <em>Ctrl + D</em> key binding is great for quickly duplicating code lines or fragments. -Simply select the desired line or fragment and enter this key binding. </p> -<h3>Navigate menu</h3> -<p>In case you're not familiar with an API class, file or symbol, the <em>Navigate</em> menu lets -you jump directly to the class of a method or field name without having to search through -individual classes. </p> + <h3>External annotations</h3> + <p>Specify annotations within the code or from an external annotation file. The Android Studio + IDE keeps track of the restrictions and validates compliance, for example setting the data type + of a string as not null.</p> -<h3>Inspection scopes</h3> -<p>Scopes set the color of code segments for easy code identification and location. For example, -you can set a scope to identify all code related to a specific action bar. </p> + <h3>Injecting languages</h3> + <p>With language injection, the Android Studio IDE allows you to work with islands of different + languages embedded in the source code. This extends the syntax, error highlighting and coding + assistance to the embedded language. This can be especially useful for checking regular expression + values inline, and validating XML and SQL statements.</p> + <h3>Code folding</h3> + <p>This allows you to selectively hide and display sections of the code for readability. For + example, resource expressions or code for a nested class can be folded or hidden in to one line + to make the outer class structure easier to read. The inner class can be later expanded for + updates. </p> -<h3>Injecting languages</h3> -<p>With language injection, the Android Studio IDE allows you to work with islands of different -languages embedded in the source code. This extends the syntax, error highlighting and coding -assistance to the embedded language. This can be especially useful for checking regular expression -values inline, and validating XML and SQL statements.</p> + <h3>Image and color preview</h3> + <p>When referencing images and icons in your code, a preview of the image or icon appears + (in actual size at different densities) in the code margin to help you verify the image or icon + reference. Pressing {@code F1} with the preview image or icon selected displays resource asset + details, such as the <em>dp</em> settings. </p> -<h3>Code folding</h3> -<p>This allows you to selectively hide and display sections of the code for readability. For -example, resource expressions or code for a nested class can be folded or hidden in to one line -to make the outer class structure easier to read. The inner class can be later expanded for -updates. </p> + <h3>Quick F1 documentation</h3> + <p>You can now inspect theme attributes using <strong>View > Quick Documentation</strong> + (<strong>F1</strong>), + see the theme inheritance hierarchy, and resolve values for the various attributes.</p> -<h3>Image and color preview</h3> -<p>When referencing images and icons in your code, a preview of the image or icon appears -(in actual size at different densities) in the code margin to help you verify the image or icon -reference. Pressing {@code F1} with the preview image or icon selected displays resource asset -details, such as the <em>dp</em> settings. </p> + <p>If you invoke <strong> View > Quick Documentation</strong> (usually bound to F1) on the theme + attribute <em>?android:textAppearanceLarge</em>, you will see the theme inheritance hierarchy and + resolved values for the various attributes that are pulled in.</p> -<h3>Quick F1 documentation</h3> -<p>You can now inspect theme attributes using <strong>View > Quick Documentation</strong> -(<strong>F1</strong>), -see the theme inheritance hierarchy, and resolve values for the various attributes.</p> -<p>If you invoke <strong> View > Quick Documentation</strong> (usually bound to F1) on the theme -attribute <em>?android:textAppearanceLarge</em>, you will see the theme inheritance hierarchy and -resolved values for the various attributes that are pulled in.</p> + <h3>New Allocation Tracker integration in the Android/DDMS window</h3> + <p>You can now inspect theme attributes using <strong> View > Quick Documentation + </strong> <code>F1</code>, see the theme inheritance hierarchy, and resolved values for the + various attributes.</p> + <img src="{@docRoot}images/tools/studio-allocationtracker.png" style="width:300px" /> + <p class="img-caption"><strong>Figure 16</strong> Allocation Tracker</p> -<h3>New Allocation Tracker integration in the Android/DDMS window</h3> -<p>You can now inspect theme attributes using <strong> View > Quick Documentation -</strong> <code>F1</code>, see the theme inheritance hierarchy, and resolved values for the -various attributes.</p> -<img src="{@docRoot}images/tools/studio-allocationtracker.png" style="width:300px" /> -<p class="img-caption"><strong>Figure 4.</strong> Allocation Tracker</p> <h3 id="key-commands">Keyboard Commands</h3> @@ -298,5 +288,13 @@ using Mac OS X, update your keymap to use the Mac OS X 10.5+ version keymaps und </table> <p>For a complete keymap reference guide, see the -<a href="http://www.jetbrains.com/idea/documentation/index.jsp">IntelliJ IDEA</a> -documentation.</p> +<a href="http://www.jetbrains.com/idea/documentation/index.jsp">IntelliJ IDEA</a> documentation.</p> + + +</div> + + +</div> + + + diff --git a/docs/html/tools/building/buidling-cmdline-ant.jd b/docs/html/tools/building/buidling-cmdline-ant.jd new file mode 100644 index 0000000..51158de --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/html/tools/building/buidling-cmdline-ant.jd @@ -0,0 +1,381 @@ +page.title=Building and Running from the Command Line +parent.title=Building and Running +parent.link=index.html +@jd:body + + <div id="qv-wrapper"> + <div id="qv"> + <h2>In this document</h2> + <ol> + <li><a href="#DebugMode">Building in Debug Mode</a></li> + <li><a href="#ReleaseMode">Building in Release Mode</a> + <ol> + <li><a href="#ManualReleaseMode">Build unsigned</a></li> + <li><a href="#AutoReleaseMode">Build signed and aligned</a></li> + <li><a href="#OnceBuilt">Once built and signed in release mode</a></li> + </ol> + </li> + <li><a href="#RunningOnEmulator">Running on the Emulator</a></li> + <li><a href="#RunningOnDevice">Running on a Device</a></li> + <li><a href="#Signing">Application Signing</a></li> + <li><a href="#AntReference">Ant Command Reference</a></li> + </ol> + <h2>See also</h2> + <ol> + <li><a href="{@docRoot}tools/devices/managing-avds-cmdline.html">Managing AVDs from +the Command Line</a></li> + <li><a href="{@docRoot}tools/devices/emulator.html">Using the Android +Emulator</a></li> + <li><a href="{@docRoot}tools/publishing/app-signing.html">Signing Your Applications</a></li> + </ol> + </div> + </div> + + <p>There are two ways to build your application using the Ant build script: one for + testing/debugging your application — <em>debug mode</em> — and one for building your + final package for release — <em>release mode</em>. Regardless of which way you build your application, + it must be signed before it can install on an emulator or device—with a debug key when building + in debug mode and with your own private key when building in release mode.</p> + + <p>Whether you're building in debug mode or release mode, you need to use the Ant tool to compile + and build your project. This will create the .apk file that you can install on an emulator or device. + When you build in debug mode, the .apk file is automatically signed by the SDK tools with + a debug key, so it's instantly ready for installation onto an emulator or attached + development device. You cannot distribute an application that is signed with a debug key. + When you build in release mode, the .apk file is <em>unsigned</em>, so you + must manually sign it with your own private key, using Keytool and Jarsigner.</p> + + <p>It's important that you read and understand <a href= + "{@docRoot}tools/publishing/app-signing.html">Signing Your Applications</a>, particularly once + you're ready to release your application and share it with end-users. That document describes the + procedure for generating a private key and then using it to sign your .apk file. If you're just + getting started, however, you can quickly run your applications on an emulator or your own + development device by building in debug mode.</p> + + <p>If you don't have Ant, you can obtain it from the <a href="http://ant.apache.org/">Apache Ant + home page</a>. Install it and make sure it is in your executable PATH. Before calling Ant, you + need to declare the JAVA_HOME environment variable to specify the path to where the JDK is + installed.</p> + + <p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> When installing JDK on Windows, the default is to install + in the "Program Files" directory. This location will cause <code>ant</code> to fail, because of + the space. To fix the problem, you can specify the JAVA_HOME variable like this: + <pre>set JAVA_HOME=c:\Progra~1\Java\<jdkdir></pre> + + <p>The easiest solution, however, is to install JDK in a non-space directory, for example:</p> + + <pre>c:\java\jdk1.7</pre> + + <h2 id="DebugMode">Building in Debug Mode</h2> + + <p>For immediate application testing and debugging, you can build your application in debug mode + and immediately install it on an emulator. In debug mode, the build tools automatically sign your + application with a debug key and optimize the package with {@code zipalign}.</p> + + <p>To build in debug mode:</p> + + <ol> + <li>Open a command-line and navigate to the root of your project directory.</li> + <li>Use Ant to compile your project in debug mode: + <pre> +ant debug +</pre> + + <p>This creates your debug <code>.apk</code> file inside the project <code>bin/</code> directory, named + <code><your_project_name>-debug.apk</code>. The file is already signed with + the debug key and has been aligned with + <a href="{@docRoot}tools/help/zipalign.html"><code>zipalign</code></a>. + </p> + </li> + </ol> + + <p>Each time you change a source file or resource, you must run Ant again in order to package up + the latest version of the application.</p> + + <p>To install and run your application on an emulator, see the following section about <a href= + "#RunningOnEmulator">Running on the Emulator</a>.</p> + + <h2 id="ReleaseMode">Building in Release Mode</h2> + + <p>When you're ready to release and distribute your application to end-users, you must build your + application in release mode. Once you have built in release mode, it's a good idea to perform + additional testing and debugging with the final .apk.</p> + + <p>Before you start building your application in release mode, be aware that you must sign the + resulting application package with your private key, and should then align it using the {@code + zipalign} tool. There are two approaches to building in release mode: build an unsigned package + in release mode and then manually sign and align the package, or allow the build script to sign + and align the package for you.</p> + + <h3 id="ManualReleaseMode">Build unsigned</h3> + + <p>If you build your application <em>unsigned</em>, then you will need to manually sign and align + the package.</p> + + <p>To build an <em>unsigned</em> .apk in release mode:</p> + + <ol> + <li>Open a command-line and navigate to the root of your project directory.</li> + + <li>Use Ant to compile your project in release mode: + <pre> +ant release +</pre> + </li> + </ol> + + <p>This creates your Android application .apk file inside the project <code>bin/</code> + directory, named <code><em><your_project_name></em>-unsigned.apk</code>.</p> + + <p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> The .apk file is <em>unsigned</em> at this point and can't + be installed until signed with your private key.</p> + + <p>Once you have created the unsigned .apk, your next step is to sign the .apk with your private + key and then align it with {@code zipalign}. To complete this procedure, read <a href= + "{@docRoot}tools/publishing/app-signing.html">Signing Your Applications</a>.</p> + + <p>When your <code>.apk</code> has been signed and aligned, it's ready to be distributed to end-users. + You should test the final build on different devices or AVDs to ensure that it + runs properly on different platforms.</p> + + <h3 id="AutoReleaseMode">Build signed and aligned</h3> + + <p>If you would like, you can configure the Android build script to automatically sign and align + your application package. To do so, you must provide the path to your keystore and the name of + your key alias in your project's {@code ant.properties} file. With this information provided, + the build script will prompt you for your keystore and alias password when you build in release + mode and produce your final application package, which will be ready for distribution.</p> + + <p class="caution"><strong>Caution:</strong> Due to the way Ant handles input, the password that + you enter during the build process <strong>will be visible</strong>. If you are concerned about + your keystore and alias password being visible on screen, then you may prefer to perform the + application signing manually, via Jarsigner (or a similar tool). To instead perform the signing + procedure manually, <a href="#ManualReleaseMode">build unsigned</a> and then continue with + <a href="{@docRoot}tools/publishing/app-signing.html">Signing Your Applications</a>.</p> + + <p>To specify your keystore and alias, open the project {@code ant.properties} file (found in + the root of the project directory) and add entries for {@code key.store} and {@code key.alias}. + For example:</p> + <pre> +key.store=path/to/my.keystore +key.alias=mykeystore +</pre> + + <p>Save your changes. Now you can build a <em>signed</em> .apk in release mode:</p> + + <ol> + <li>Open a command-line and navigate to the root of your project directory.</li> + + <li>Use Ant to compile your project in release mode: + <pre> +ant release +</pre> + </li> + + <li>When prompted, enter you keystore and alias passwords. + + <p class="caution"><strong>Caution:</strong> As described above, your password will be + visible on the screen.</p> + </li> + </ol> + + <p>This creates your Android application .apk file inside the project <code>bin/</code> + directory, named <code><em><your_project_name></em>-release.apk</code>. This .apk file has + been signed with the private key specified in {@code ant.properties} and aligned with {@code + zipalign}. It's ready for installation and distribution.</p> + + <h3 id="OnceBuilt">Once built and signed in release mode</h3> + + <p>Once you have signed your application with a private key, you can install and run it on an + <a href="#RunningOnEmulator">emulator</a> or <a href="#RunningOnDevice">device</a>. You can + also try installing it onto a device from a web server. Simply upload the signed .apk to a web + site, then load the .apk URL in your Android web browser to download the application and begin + installation. (On your device, be sure you have enabled + <em>Settings > Applications > Unknown sources</em>.)</p> + + <h2 id="RunningOnEmulator">Running on the Emulator</h2> + + <p>Before you can run your application on the Android Emulator, you must <a href= + "{@docRoot}tools/devices/managing-avds.html">create an AVD</a>.</p> + + <p>To run your application:</p> + + <ol> + <li> + <strong>Open the AVD Manager and launch a virtual device</strong> + + <p>From your SDK's <code>platform-tools/</code> directory, execute the {@code android} tool +with the <code>avd</code> options:</p> + <pre> +android avd +</pre> + + <p>In the <em>Virtual Devices</em> view, select an AVD and click <strong>Start</strong>.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <strong>Install your application</strong> + + <p>From your SDK's <code>tools/</code> directory, install the {@code .apk} on the + emulator:</p> + <pre> +adb install <em><path_to_your_bin></em>.apk +</pre> + + <p>Your .apk file (signed with either a release or debug key) is in your project {@code bin/} + directory after you build your application.</p> + + <p>If there is more than one emulator running, you must specify the emulator upon which to + install the application, by its serial number, with the <code>-s</code> option. For + example:</p> + <pre> +adb -s emulator-5554 install <em>path/to/your/app</em>.apk +</pre> + + <p>To see a list of available device serial numbers, execute {@code adb devices}.</p> + </li> + </ol> + + <p>If you don't see your application on the emulator, try closing the emulator and launching the + virtual device again from the AVD Manager. Sometimes when you install an application for the + first time, it won't show up in the application launcher or be accessible by other applications. + This is because the package manager usually examines manifests completely only on emulator + startup.</p> + + <p>Be certain to create multiple AVDs upon which to test your application. You should have one + AVD for each platform and screen type with which your application is compatible. For instance, if + your application compiles against the Android 4.0 (API Level 14) platform, you should create an + AVD for each platform equal to and greater than 4.0 and an AVD for each <a href= + "{@docRoot}guide/practices/screens_support.html">screen type</a> you support, then test your + application on each one.</p> + + <p class="note"><strong>Tip:</strong> If you have <em>only one</em> emulator running, you can + build your application and install it on the emulator in one simple step. Navigate to the root of + your project directory and use Ant to compile the project with <em>install mode</em>: <code>ant + install</code>. This will build your application, sign it with the debug key, and install it on + the currently running emulator.</p> + + <h2 id="RunningOnDevice">Running on a Device</h2> + + <p>Before you can run your application on a device, you must perform some basic setup for your + device:</p> + + <ul> + <li>Enable <strong>USB debugging</strong> on your device. + <ul> + <li>On most devices running Android 3.2 or older, you can find the option under + <strong>Settings > Applications > Development</strong>.</li> + <li>On Android 4.0 and newer, it's in <strong>Settings > Developer options</strong>. + <p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> On Android 4.2 and newer, <strong>Developer + options</strong> is hidden by default. To make it available, go + to <strong>Settings > About phone</strong> and tap <strong>Build number</strong> + seven times. Return to the previous screen to find <strong>Developer options</strong>.</p> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + + <li>Ensure that your development computer can detect your device when connected via USB</li> + </ul> + + <p>Read <a href="{@docRoot}tools/device.html#setting-up">Setting up a Device for + Development</a> for more information.</p> + + <p>Once your device is set up and connected via USB, navigate to your SDK's <code>platform-tools/</code> + directory and install the <code>.apk</code> on the device:</p> + <pre> +adb -d install <em>path/to/your/app</em>.apk +</pre> + + <p>The {@code -d} flag specifies that you want to use the attached device (in case you also have + an emulator running).</p> + + <p>For more information on the tools used above, please see the following documents:</p> + + <ul> + <li><a href="{@docRoot}tools/help/android.html">android Tool</a></li> + + <li><a href="{@docRoot}tools/devices/emulator.html">Android Emulator</a></li> + + <li><a href="{@docRoot}tools/help/adb.html">Android Debug Bridge</a> (ADB)</li> + </ul> + + <h2 id="Signing">Application Signing</h2> + + <p>As you begin developing Android applications, understand that all Android applications must be + digitally signed before the system will install them on an emulator or device. There are two ways + to do this: with a <em>debug key</em> (for immediate testing on an emulator or development + device) or with a <em>private key</em> (for application distribution).</p> + + <p>The Android build tools help you get started by automatically signing your .apk files with a + debug key at build time. This means that you can compile your application and install it on the + emulator without having to generate your own private key. However, please note that if you intend + to publish your application, you <strong>must</strong> sign the application with your own private + key, rather than the debug key generated by the SDK tools.</p> + + <p>The ADT plugin helps you get started quickly by signing your .apk files with a debug key, + prior to installing them on an emulator or development device. This means that you can quickly + run your application from Eclipse without having to generate your own private key. No specific + action on your part is needed, provided ADT has access to Keytool. However, please note that if + you intend to publish your application, you <strong>must</strong> sign the application with your + own private key, rather than the debug key generated by the SDK tools.</p> + + <p>Please read <a href="{@docRoot}tools/publishing/app-signing.html">Signing Your + Applications</a>, which provides a thorough guide to application signing on Android and what it + means to you as an Android application developer. The document also includes a guide to exporting + and signing your application with the ADT's Export Wizard.</p> + + <h2 id="AntReference">Ant Command Reference</h2> + <dt><code>ant clean</code></dt> + <dd>Cleans the project. If you include the <code>all</code> target before <code>clean</code> +(<code>ant all clean</code>), other projects are also cleaned. For instance if you clean a +test project, the tested project is also cleaned.</dd> + + <dt><code>ant debug</code></dt> + <dd>Builds a debug package. Works on application, library, and test projects and compiles + dependencies as needed.</dd> + + <dt id="emma"><code>ant emma debug</code></dt> + <dd>Builds a test project while building the tested project with instrumentation turned on. + This is used to run tests with code coverage enabled.</dd> + + <dt><code>ant release</code></dt> + <dd>Builds a release package.</dd> + + <dt><code>ant instrument</code> + </dt> + <dd>Builds an instrumented debug package. This is generally called automatically when building a + test project with code coverage enabled (with the <code>emma</code> + target)</dd> + + <dt><code>ant <build_target> install</code></dt> + <dd>Builds and installs a package. Using <code>install</code> by itself fails.</dd> + + <dt><code>ant installd</code></dt> + <dd>Installs an already compiled debug package. This fails if the <code>.apk</code> is not + already built.</dd> + + <dt><code>ant installr</code></dt> + <dd>Installs an already compiled release package. This fails if the <code>.apk</code> is not + already built.</dd> + + <dt><code>ant installt</code></dt> + <dd>Installs an already compiled test package. Also installs the <code>.apk</code> of the + tested application. This fails if the <code>.apk</code> is not already built.</dd> + + <dt><code>ant installi</code></dt> + <dd>Installs an already compiled instrumented package. This is generally not used manually as + it's called when installing a test package. This fails if the <code>.apk</code> is not already + built.</dd> + + <dt><code>ant test</code></dt> + <dd>Runs the tests (for test projects). The tested and test <code>.apk</code> files must be + previously installed.</dd> + + <dt><code>ant debug installt test</code></dt> + <dd>Builds a test project and the tested project, installs both <code>.apk</code> files, and + runs the tests.</dd> + + <dt><code>ant emma debug install test</code></dt> + <dd>Builds a test project and the tested project, installs both <code>.apk</code> files, and + runs the tests with code coverage enabled.</dd> + diff --git a/docs/html/tools/building/building-eclipse.jd b/docs/html/tools/building/building-eclipse.jd index 89c3e16..79ef3de 100644 --- a/docs/html/tools/building/building-eclipse.jd +++ b/docs/html/tools/building/building-eclipse.jd @@ -34,12 +34,12 @@ parent.link=index.html <p>This document shows you how to run your application on an emulator or a real device from Eclipse—all of which is done using the debug version of your application. For more information about how to sign your application with a private key for release, see <a href= - "{@docRoot}tools/publishing/app-signing.html#ExportWizard">Signing Your Applications</a></p> + "{@docRoot}tools/workflow/publishing/app-signing.html#ExportWizard">Signing Your Applications</a></p> <h2 id="RunningOnEmulatorEclipse">Running on the emulator</h2> <p>Before you can run your application on the Android Emulator, you must <a href= - "{@docRoot}tools/devices/managing-avds.html">create an AVD</a>.</p> + "{@docRoot}tools/workflow/devices/managing-avds.html">create an AVD</a>.</p> <p>To run (or debug) your application, select <strong>Run</strong> > <strong>Run</strong> (or <strong>Run</strong> > <strong>Debug</strong>) from the Eclipse menu bar. The ADT plugin will @@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ parent.link=index.html <li>Ensure that your development computer can detect your device when connected via USB</li> </ul> - <p>Read <a href="{@docRoot}tools/device.html">Using Hardware Devices</a> + <p>Read <a href="{@docRoot}tools/workflow/devices/device.html">Using Hardware Devices</a> for more information.</p> <p>Once set up and your device is connected via USB, install your application on the device by diff --git a/docs/html/tools/debugging/ddms.jd b/docs/html/tools/debugging/ddms.jd index 5822e27..28ad11e 100644 --- a/docs/html/tools/debugging/ddms.jd +++ b/docs/html/tools/debugging/ddms.jd @@ -250,10 +250,8 @@ TrafficStats.tagSocket(outputSocket); // Transfer data using socket TrafficStats.untagSocket(outputSocket);</pre> -<p>Alternatively, the Apache {@link org.apache.http.client.HttpClient} and -{@link java.net.URLConnection} APIs included in the platform -automatically tag sockets internally based on the active tag (as -identified by +<p>Alternatively, the {@link java.net.URLConnection} APIs included in the platform +automatically tag sockets internally based on the active tag (as identified by {@link android.net.TrafficStats#getThreadStatsTag getThreadStatsTag()}). These APIs correctly tag/untag sockets when recycled through keep-alive pools. In the following example, @@ -262,15 +260,14 @@ sets the active tag to be {@code 0xF00D}. There can only be one active tag per thread. That is the value that will be returned by {@link android.net.TrafficStats#getThreadStatsTag getThreadStatsTag()} -and thus used by {@link org.apache.http.client.HttpClient} - to tag sockets. The {@code finally} statement +and thus used by the HTTP client to tag sockets. The {@code finally} statement invokes {@link android.net.TrafficStats#clearThreadStatsTag clearThreadStatsTag()} to clear the tag.</p> <pre>TrafficStats.setThreadStatsTag(0xF00D); try { - // Make network request using HttpClient.execute() + // Make network request using your http client. } finally { TrafficStats.clearThreadStatsTag(); }</pre> diff --git a/docs/html/tools/studio/index.jd b/docs/html/tools/studio/index.jd index 7f7fbad..e7de000 100644 --- a/docs/html/tools/studio/index.jd +++ b/docs/html/tools/studio/index.jd @@ -104,7 +104,6 @@ representation. To switch to back to the segregated project view, select <strong from the <strong>Project</strong> drop-down. </p> - <h3 id="other-views">Other Android Studio views</h3> <p>When you use the <em>Project</em> view in Android Studio, you should notice that the project structure appears different than you may be used to in Eclipse. Each @@ -230,7 +229,7 @@ to refer to your R class and to resolve any relative activity/service registrati <pre> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" - <strong>package="com.example.app"</strong>> + <strong>package="com.example.app"</strong> </pre> <p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> If you have multiple manifests (for example, a product @@ -744,7 +743,6 @@ page provides seamless access to Google code samples on GitHub.</p> <p><img src="{@docRoot}images/tools/studio-samples-githubaccess.png" /></p> <p class="img-caption"><strong>Figure 13.</strong> Get code samples from GitHub.</p> - <p><img src="{@docRoot}images/tools/studio-sample-in-editor.png" /></p> <p class="img-caption"><strong>Figure 14.</strong> Imported code sample.</p> diff --git a/docs/html/training/articles/keystore.jd b/docs/html/training/articles/keystore.jd index bbbda67..20963f5 100644 --- a/docs/html/training/articles/keystore.jd +++ b/docs/html/training/articles/keystore.jd @@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ page.title=Android Keystore System <div id="qv"> <h2>In this document</h2> <ol> + <li><a href="#SecurityFeatures">Security Features</a></li> <li><a href="#WhichShouldIUse">Choosing Between a Keychain or the Android Keystore Provider</a></li> <li><a href="#UsingAndroidKeyStore">Using Android Keystore Provider </a></li> @@ -26,11 +27,13 @@ page.title=Android Keystore System </div> </div> -<p>The Android Keystore system lets you store private keys - in a container to make it more difficult to extract from the - device. Once keys are in the keystore, they can be used for - cryptographic operations with the private key material remaining - non-exportable.</p> +<p>The Android Keystore system lets you store cryptographic keys in a container + to make it more difficult to extract from the device. Once keys are in the + keystore, they can be used for cryptographic operations with the key material + remaining non-exportable. Moreover, it offers facilities to restrict when and + how keys can be used, such as requiring user authentication for key use or + restricting encryption keys to be used only in certain block modes. See + <a href="#SecurityFeatures">Security Features</a> section for more information.</p> <p>The Keystore system is used by the {@link android.security.KeyChain} API as well as the Android @@ -38,6 +41,67 @@ page.title=Android Keystore System (API level 18). This document goes over when and how to use the Android Keystore provider.</p> + +<h2 id="SecurityFeatures">Security Features</h2> + +Android Keystore system protects key material from unauthorized use. Firstly, Android Keystore +mitigates unauthorized use of key material outside of the Android device by preventing extraction of +the key material from application processes and from the Android device as a whole. Secondly, +Android KeyStore mitigates unauthorized use of key material on the Android device by making apps +specify authorized uses of their keys and then enforcing these restrictions. + +<h3 id="ExtractionPrevention">Extraction Prevention</h3> + +Key material of Android Keystore keys is protected from extraction using two security measures: +<ul> +<li>Key material never enters the application process. When an application performs cryptographic + operations using an Android Keystore key, behind the scenes plaintext, ciphertext, and messages to + be signed or verified are fed to a system process which carries out the cryptographic operations. + If the app's process is compromised, the attacker may be able to use the app's keys but will not + be able to extract their key material (for example, to be used outside of the Android device). + </li> +<li>Key material may be bound to the secure hardware (e.g., Trusted Execution Environment (TEE), + Secure Element (SE)) of the Android device. When this feature is enabled for a key, its key + material is never exposed outside of secure hardware. If the Android OS is compromised or an + attacker can read the device's internal storage, the attacker may be able to use any app's Android + Keystore keys on the Android device, but not extract them from the device. This feature is enabled + only if the device's secure hardware supports the particular combination of key algorithm, block + modes, padding schemes, and digests with which the key is authorized to be used. To check whether + the feature is enabled for a key, obtain a {@link android.security.keystore.KeyInfo} for the key + and inspect the return value of + {@link android.security.keystore.KeyInfo#isInsideSecureHardware() KeyInfo.isInsideSecurityHardware()}. + </li> +</ul> + +<h3 id="KeyUseAuthorizations">Key Use Authorizations</h3> + +To mitigate unauthorized use of keys on the Android device, Android Keystore lets apps specify +authorized uses of their keys when generating or importing the keys. Once a key is generated or +imported, its authorizations can not be changed. Authorizations are then enforced by the Android +Keystore whenever the key is used. + +<p>Supported key use authorizations fall into the following categories: +<ul> +<li><em>cryptography</em>: authorized key algorithm, operations or purposes (encrypt, decrypt, sign, + verify), padding schemes, block modes, digests with which the key can be used</li> +<li><em>temporal validity interval</em>: interval of time during which the key is authorized for + use</li> +<li><em>user authentication</em>: the key can only be used if the user has been authenticated + recently enough. See <a href="#UserAuthentication">Requiring User Authentication For Key Use</a>. + </li> +</ul> + +<p>As an additional security measure, for keys whose key material is inside secure hardware (see + {@link android.security.keystore.KeyInfo#isInsideSecureHardware() KeyInfo.isInsideSecurityHardware()}) + some key use authorizations may be enforced by secure hardware, depending on the Android device. + Cryptographic and user authentication authorizations are likely to be enforced by secure hardware. + Temporal validity interval authorizations are unlikely to be enforced by the secure hardware + because it normally does not have an independent secure real-time clock. + +<p>Whether a key's user authentication authorization is enforced by the secure hardware can be + queried using + {@link android.security.keystore.KeyInfo#isUserAuthenticationRequirementEnforcedBySecureHardware() KeyInfo.isUserAuthenticationRequirementEnforcedBySecureHardware()}. + <h2 id="WhichShouldIUse">Choosing Between a Keychain or the Android Keystore Provider</h2> @@ -59,7 +123,8 @@ Android Keystore Provider</h2> <p> To use this feature, you use the standard {@link java.security.KeyStore} -and {@link java.security.KeyPairGenerator} classes along with the +and {@link java.security.KeyPairGenerator} or +{@link javax.crypto.KeyGenerator} classes along with the {@code AndroidKeyStore} provider introduced in Android 4.3 (API level 18).</p> <p>{@code AndroidKeyStore} is registered as a {@link @@ -67,7 +132,9 @@ and {@link java.security.KeyPairGenerator} classes along with the java.security.KeyStore#getInstance(String) KeyStore.getInstance(type)} method and as a provider for use with the {@link java.security.KeyPairGenerator#getInstance(String, String) - KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(algorithm, provider)} method.</p> + KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(algorithm, provider)} and {@link + javax.crypto.KeyGenerator#getInstance(String, String) + KeyGenerator.getInstance(algorithm, provider)} methods.</p> <h3 id="GeneratingANewPrivateKey">Generating a New Private Key</h3> @@ -81,6 +148,11 @@ and {@link java.security.KeyPairGenerator} classes along with the {@sample development/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/security/KeyStoreUsage.java generate} +<h3 id="GeneratingANewSecretKey">Generating a New Secret Key</h3> + +<p>To generate the key, use a {@link javax.crypto.KeyGenerator} with + {@link android.security.keystore.KeyGenParameterSpec}. + <h3 id="WorkingWithKeyStoreEntries">Working with Keystore Entries</h3> <p>Using the {@code AndroidKeyStore} provider takes place through @@ -105,3 +177,27 @@ and {@link java.security.KeyPairGenerator} classes along with the <p>Similarly, verify data with the {@link java.security.Signature#verify(byte[])} method:</p> {@sample development/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/security/KeyStoreUsage.java verify} + +<h3 id="UserAuthentication">Requiring User Authentication For Key Use</h3> + +<p>When generating or importing a key into the {@code AndroidKeyStore} you can specify that the key +can only be used if user has been authenticated. The user is authenticated using a subset of their +secure lock screen credentials. This is a security measure which makes it possible to generate +cryptographic assertions about the user having been authenticated. + +<p>When a key is configured to require user authentication, it is also configured to operate in one +of the two modes: +<ul> +<li>User authentication is valid for a duration of time. All keys in this mode are authorized + for use as soon as the user unlocks the secure lock screen or confirms their secure lock screen + credentials using the {@link android.app.KeyguardManager#createConfirmDeviceCredentialIntent(CharSequence, CharSequence) KeyguardManager.createConfirmDeviceCredentialIntent} + flow. Each key specifies for how long the authorization remains valid for that key. Such keys + can only be generated or imported if the secure lock screen is enabled (see {@link android.app.KeyguardManager#isDeviceSecure() KeyguardManager.isDeviceSecure()}). + These keys become permanently invalidated once the secure lock screen is disabled or forcibly + reset (e.g. by a Device Admin).</li> +<li>User authentication is required for every use of the key. In this mode, a specific operation + involving a specific key is authorized by the user. Currently, the only means of such + authorization is fingerprint authentication: {@link android.hardware.fingerprint.FingerprintManager#authenticate(CryptoObject, CancellationSignal, AuthenticationCallback, int) FingerprintManager.authenticate}. + Such keys can only be generated or imported if at least one fingerprint is enrolled (see {@link android.hardware.fingerprint.FingerprintManager#hasEnrolledFingerprints() FingerprintManager.hasEnrolledFingerprints}). + These keys become permanently invalidated once all fingerprints are unenrolled.</li> +</ul> diff --git a/docs/html/training/articles/security-gms-provider.jd b/docs/html/training/articles/security-gms-provider.jd index 0d3cf1e..59983cc 100644 --- a/docs/html/training/articles/security-gms-provider.jd +++ b/docs/html/training/articles/security-gms-provider.jd @@ -52,8 +52,7 @@ android.net.SSLCertificateSocketFactory android.net.SSLCertificateSocketFactory}. Rather than using this class, we encourage app developers to use high-level methods for interacting with cryptography. Most apps can use APIs like {@link -javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection}, {@link org.apache.http.client.HttpClient}, -and {@link android.net.http.AndroidHttpClient} without needing to set a custom +javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection} without needing to set a custom {@link javax.net.ssl.TrustManager} or create an {@link android.net.SSLCertificateSocketFactory}.</p> diff --git a/docs/html/training/basics/firstapp/creating-project.jd b/docs/html/training/basics/firstapp/creating-project.jd index 4bd92ee..79268a0 100644 --- a/docs/html/training/basics/firstapp/creating-project.jd +++ b/docs/html/training/basics/firstapp/creating-project.jd @@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ next.link=running-app.html <h2>You should also read</h2> <ul> + <li><a href="{@docRoot}sdk/installing/index.html">Installing the +SDK</a></li> <li><a href="{@docRoot}tools/projects/index.html">Managing Projects</a></li> </ul> @@ -32,7 +34,8 @@ next.link=running-app.html </div> <p>An Android project contains all the files that comprise the source code for your Android -app.</p> +app. The Android SDK tools make it easy to start a new Android project with a set of +default project directories and files.</p> <p>This lesson shows how to create a new project either using Android Studio or using the diff --git a/docs/html/training/basics/firstapp/index.jd b/docs/html/training/basics/firstapp/index.jd index 4e3689a..1b6e00f 100644 --- a/docs/html/training/basics/firstapp/index.jd +++ b/docs/html/training/basics/firstapp/index.jd @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ helpoutsWidget=true <div id="tb-wrapper"> <div id="tb"> -<h2>Dependencies</h2> +<h2>Dependencies and prerequisites</h2> <ul> <li><a href="{@docRoot}sdk/index.html">Android Studio</a></li> @@ -37,11 +37,14 @@ to:</p> <a href="{@docRoot}tools/help/sdk-manager.html">SDK Manager</a>.</li> </ol> -<p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> Although most of this training class -expects that you're using Android Studio, some procedures include alternative -instructions for using -the SDK tools from the command line instead.</p> +<p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> Make sure you install the most recent versions of Android +Studio and the Android SDK before you start this class. The procedures described in this class may +not apply to earlier versions.</p> -<p>This class uses a tutorial format to create a small Android app that teaches +<p>If you haven't already done these tasks, start by downloading the + <a href="{@docRoot}sdk/index.html">Android SDK</a> and following the install steps. + Once you've finished the setup, you're ready to begin this class.</p> + +<p>This class uses a tutorial format that incrementally builds a small Android app that teaches you some fundamental concepts about Android development, so it's important that you follow each step.</p> diff --git a/docs/html/training/basics/firstapp/running-app.jd b/docs/html/training/basics/firstapp/running-app.jd index 6e4605f..fdf0d1f 100644 --- a/docs/html/training/basics/firstapp/running-app.jd +++ b/docs/html/training/basics/firstapp/running-app.jd @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ helpoutsWidget=true <ul> <li><a href="{@docRoot}tools/device.html">Using Hardware Devices</a></li> - <li><a href="{@docRoot}tools/devices/managing-avds.html">Managing AVDs with AVD Manager</a></li> + <li><a href="{@docRoot}tools/devices/index.html">Managing Virtual Devices</a></li> <li><a href="{@docRoot}tools/projects/index.html">Managing Projects</a></li> </ul> @@ -128,6 +128,10 @@ to first create an <a href="{@docRoot}tools/devices/index.html">Android Virtual AVD is a device configuration for the Android emulator that allows you to model a specific device.</p> +<div class="figure" style="width:457px"> + <img src="{@docRoot}images/screens_support/as-mac-avds-config.png" /> + <p class="img-caption"><strong>Figure 1.</strong> The AVD Manager showing a virtual device.</p> +</div> <h3>Create an AVD</h3> <ol> @@ -157,11 +161,19 @@ device.</p> </li> <li>Verify the configuration settings, then click <strong>Finish</strong>. </li> + <li>In the <strong>Android Virtual Device Manager</strong> window, click <strong>Create</strong>.</li> + <li>Enter an <strong>AVD Name</strong>.</li> + <li>Select a <strong>Device</strong> type. + <p>When you select a device type, most of the fields auto-populate.</p> + <li>For <strong>Skin</strong> select <strong>HVGA</strong>.</li> + <li>For <strong>SD Card</strong>, enter something small, like 10 MiB. + <p>It really doesn't matter what you enter here since you're not using any storage. But if you + reuse this AVD, you might have to adjust this setting.</p></li> + <li>Ignore the <strong>Emulation Options</strong> and click <strong>OK</strong>.</li> + <li>In the <strong>Result</strong> screen, click <strong>OK</strong>.</li> + <li>Close the <strong>Android Virtual Device Manager</strong> window.</li> </ol> -<p>For more information about using AVDs, see -<a href="{@docRoot}tools/devices/managing-avds.html">Managing AVDs with AVD Manager</a>.</p> - <h3>Run the app from Android Studio</h3> <ol> <li>In <strong>Android Studio</strong>, select your project and click <strong>Run</strong> diff --git a/docs/html/training/basics/network-ops/connecting.jd b/docs/html/training/basics/network-ops/connecting.jd index 1452ded..0601480 100644 --- a/docs/html/training/basics/network-ops/connecting.jd +++ b/docs/html/training/basics/network-ops/connecting.jd @@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ application manifest must include the following permissions:</p> <h2 id="http-client">Choose an HTTP Client</h2> <p>Most network-connected Android apps use HTTP to send and receive data. -Android includes two HTTP clients: {@link java.net.HttpURLConnection} and Apache - {@link org.apache.http.client.HttpClient}. Both support HTTPS, streaming uploads and downloads, configurable +Android includes two HTTP clients: {@link java.net.HttpURLConnection} and the Apache HTTP client. +Both support HTTPS, streaming uploads and downloads, configurable timeouts, IPv6, and connection pooling. We recommend using {@link java.net.HttpURLConnection} for applications targeted at Gingerbread and higher. For more discussion of this topic, see the blog post <a diff --git a/docs/html/training/location/location-testing.jd b/docs/html/training/location/location-testing.jd index 5021fc0..8f73d51 100644 --- a/docs/html/training/location/location-testing.jd +++ b/docs/html/training/location/location-testing.jd @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ trainingnavtop=true <h2 id="TurnOnMockMode">Turn On Mock Mode</h2> <p> To send mock locations to Location Services in mock mode, a test app must request the permission - {@link android.Manifest.permission#ACCESS_MOCK_LOCATION}. In addition, you must enable mock + android.Manifest.permission#ACCESS_MOCK_LOCATION. In addition, you must enable mock locations on the test device using the option <b>Enable mock locations</b>. To learn how to enable mock locations on the device, see <a href="{@docRoot}tools/device.html#setting-up">Setting up a Device for Development</a>. diff --git a/docs/html/training/sync-adapters/creating-stub-provider.jd b/docs/html/training/sync-adapters/creating-stub-provider.jd index b8190d1..e9e18ef 100644 --- a/docs/html/training/sync-adapters/creating-stub-provider.jd +++ b/docs/html/training/sync-adapters/creating-stub-provider.jd @@ -85,11 +85,11 @@ public class StubProvider extends ContentProvider { return true; } /* - * Return an empty String for MIME type + * Return no type for MIME type */ @Override - public String getType() { - return new String(); + public String getType(Uri uri) { + return null; } /* * query() always returns no results diff --git a/docs/html/training/volley/requestqueue.jd b/docs/html/training/volley/requestqueue.jd index 6858d91..5e892bf 100644 --- a/docs/html/training/volley/requestqueue.jd +++ b/docs/html/training/volley/requestqueue.jd @@ -39,14 +39,14 @@ as a singleton, which makes the {@code RequestQueue} last the lifetime of your a of the requests, and a cache to handle caching. There are standard implementations of these available in the Volley toolbox: {@code DiskBasedCache} provides a one-file-per-response cache with an in-memory index, and {@code BasicNetwork} provides a network transport based -on your choice of {@link android.net.http.AndroidHttpClient} or {@link java.net.HttpURLConnection}.</p> +on your choice of the Apache HTTP client {@code android.net.http.AndroidHttpClient} or +{@link java.net.HttpURLConnection}.</p> <p>{@code BasicNetwork} is Volley's default network implementation. A {@code BasicNetwork} must be initialized with the HTTP client your app is using to connect to the network. -Typically this is {@link android.net.http.AndroidHttpClient} or -{@link java.net.HttpURLConnection}:</p> +Typically this is a {@link java.net.HttpURLConnection}:</p> <ul> -<li>Use {@link android.net.http.AndroidHttpClient} for apps targeting Android API levels +<li>Use {@code android.net.http.AndroidHttpClient} for apps targeting Android API levels lower than API Level 9 (Gingerbread). Prior to Gingerbread, {@link java.net.HttpURLConnection} was unreliable. For more discussion of this topic, see <a href="http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/09/androids-http-clients.html"> |
