/* * Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package android.app; import android.accessibilityservice.AccessibilityService.Callbacks; import android.accessibilityservice.AccessibilityService.IAccessibilityServiceClientWrapper; import android.accessibilityservice.AccessibilityServiceInfo; import android.accessibilityservice.IAccessibilityServiceClient; import android.accessibilityservice.IAccessibilityServiceConnection; import android.graphics.Bitmap; import android.graphics.Canvas; import android.graphics.Point; import android.hardware.display.DisplayManagerGlobal; import android.os.Looper; import android.os.RemoteException; import android.os.SystemClock; import android.util.Log; import android.view.Display; import android.view.InputEvent; import android.view.KeyEvent; import android.view.Surface; import android.view.accessibility.AccessibilityEvent; import android.view.accessibility.AccessibilityInteractionClient; import android.view.accessibility.AccessibilityNodeInfo; import android.view.accessibility.IAccessibilityInteractionConnection; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException; /** * Class for interacting with the device's UI by simulation user actions and * introspection of the screen content. It relies on the platform accessibility * APIs to introspect the screen and to perform some actions on the remote view * tree. It also allows injecting of arbitrary raw input events simulating user * interaction with keyboards and touch devices. One can think of a UiAutomation * as a special type of {@link android.accessibilityservice.AccessibilityService} * which does not provide hooks for the service life cycle and exposes other * APIs that are useful for UI test automation. *

* The APIs exposed by this class are low-level to maximize flexibility when * developing UI test automation tools and libraries. Generally, a UiAutomation * client should be using a higher-level library or implement high-level functions. * For example, performing a tap on the screen requires construction and injecting * of a touch down and up events which have to be delivered to the system by a * call to {@link #injectInputEvent(InputEvent, boolean)}. *

*

* The APIs exposed by this class operate across applications enabling a client * to write tests that cover use cases spanning over multiple applications. For * example, going to the settings application to change a setting and then * interacting with another application whose behavior depends on that setting. *

*/ public final class UiAutomation { private static final String LOG_TAG = UiAutomation.class.getSimpleName(); private static final boolean DEBUG = false; private static final int CONNECTION_ID_UNDEFINED = -1; private static final long CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MILLIS = 5000; /** Rotation constant: Unfreeze rotation (rotating the device changes its rotation state). */ public static final int ROTATION_UNFREEZE = -2; /** Rotation constant: Freeze rotation to its current state. */ public static final int ROTATION_FREEZE_CURRENT = -1; /** Rotation constant: Freeze rotation to 0 degrees (natural orientation) */ public static final int ROTATION_FREEZE_0 = Surface.ROTATION_0; /** Rotation constant: Freeze rotation to 90 degrees . */ public static final int ROTATION_FREEZE_90 = Surface.ROTATION_90; /** Rotation constant: Freeze rotation to 180 degrees . */ public static final int ROTATION_FREEZE_180 = Surface.ROTATION_180; /** Rotation constant: Freeze rotation to 270 degrees . */ public static final int ROTATION_FREEZE_270 = Surface.ROTATION_270; private final Object mLock = new Object(); private final ArrayList mEventQueue = new ArrayList(); private final IAccessibilityServiceClient mClient; private final IUiAutomationConnection mUiAutomationConnection; private int mConnectionId = CONNECTION_ID_UNDEFINED; private OnAccessibilityEventListener mOnAccessibilityEventListener; private boolean mWaitingForEventDelivery; private long mLastEventTimeMillis; private boolean mIsConnecting; /** * Listener for observing the {@link AccessibilityEvent} stream. */ public static interface OnAccessibilityEventListener { /** * Callback for receiving an {@link AccessibilityEvent}. *

* Note: This method is NOT executed * on the main test thread. The client is responsible for proper * synchronization. *

*

* Note: It is responsibility of the client * to recycle the received events to minimize object creation. *

* * @param event The received event. */ public void onAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent event); } /** * Listener for filtering accessibility events. */ public static interface AccessibilityEventFilter { /** * Callback for determining whether an event is accepted or * it is filtered out. * * @param event The event to process. * @return True if the event is accepted, false to filter it out. */ public boolean accept(AccessibilityEvent event); } /** * Creates a new instance that will handle callbacks from the accessibility * layer on the thread of the provided looper and perform requests for privileged * operations on the provided connection. * * @param looper The looper on which to execute accessibility callbacks. * @param connection The connection for performing privileged operations. * * @hide */ public UiAutomation(Looper looper, IUiAutomationConnection connection) { if (looper == null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Looper cannot be null!"); } if (connection == null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Connection cannot be null!"); } mUiAutomationConnection = connection; mClient = new IAccessibilityServiceClientImpl(looper); } /** * Connects this UiAutomation to the accessibility introspection APIs. * * @hide */ public void connect() { synchronized (mLock) { throwIfConnectedLocked(); if (mIsConnecting) { return; } mIsConnecting = true; } try { // Calling out without a lock held. mUiAutomationConnection.connect(mClient); } catch (RemoteException re) { throw new RuntimeException("Error while connecting UiAutomation", re); } synchronized (mLock) { final long startTimeMillis = SystemClock.uptimeMillis(); try { while (true) { if (isConnectedLocked()) { break; } final long elapsedTimeMillis = SystemClock.uptimeMillis() - startTimeMillis; final long remainingTimeMillis = CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MILLIS - elapsedTimeMillis; if (remainingTimeMillis <= 0) { throw new RuntimeException("Error while connecting UiAutomation"); } try { mLock.wait(remainingTimeMillis); } catch (InterruptedException ie) { /* ignore */ } } } finally { mIsConnecting = false; } } } /** * Disconnects this UiAutomation from the accessibility introspection APIs. * * @hide */ public void disconnect() { synchronized (mLock) { if (mIsConnecting) { throw new IllegalStateException( "Cannot call disconnect() while connecting!"); } throwIfNotConnectedLocked(); mConnectionId = CONNECTION_ID_UNDEFINED; } try { // Calling out without a lock held. mUiAutomationConnection.disconnect(); } catch (RemoteException re) { throw new RuntimeException("Error while disconnecting UiAutomation", re); } } /** * The id of the {@link IAccessibilityInteractionConnection} for querying * the screen content. This is here for legacy purposes since some tools use * hidden APIs to introspect the screen. * * @hide */ public int getConnectionId() { synchronized (mLock) { throwIfNotConnectedLocked(); return mConnectionId; } } /** * Sets a callback for observing the stream of {@link AccessibilityEvent}s. * * @param listener The callback. */ public void setOnAccessibilityEventListener(OnAccessibilityEventListener listener) { synchronized (mLock) { mOnAccessibilityEventListener = listener; } } /** * Performs a global action. Such an action can be performed at any moment * regardless of the current application or user location in that application. * For example going back, going home, opening recents, etc. * * @param action The action to perform. * @return Whether the action was successfully performed. * * @see AccessibilityService#GLOBAL_ACTION_BACK * @see AccessibilityService#GLOBAL_ACTION_HOME * @see AccessibilityService#GLOBAL_ACTION_NOTIFICATIONS * @see AccessibilityService#GLOBAL_ACTION_RECENTS */ public final boolean performGlobalAction(int action) { final IAccessibilityServiceConnection connection; synchronized (mLock) { throwIfNotConnectedLocked(); connection = AccessibilityInteractionClient.getInstance() .getConnection(mConnectionId); } // Calling out without a lock held. if (connection != null) { try { return connection.performGlobalAction(action); } catch (RemoteException re) { Log.w(LOG_TAG, "Error while calling performGlobalAction", re); } } return false; } /** * Gets the an {@link AccessibilityServiceInfo} describing this UiAutomation. * This method is useful if one wants to change some of the dynamically * configurable properties at runtime. * * @return The accessibility service info. * * @see AccessibilityServiceInfo */ public final AccessibilityServiceInfo getServiceInfo() { final IAccessibilityServiceConnection connection; synchronized (mLock) { throwIfNotConnectedLocked(); connection = AccessibilityInteractionClient.getInstance() .getConnection(mConnectionId); } // Calling out without a lock held. if (connection != null) { try { return connection.getServiceInfo(); } catch (RemoteException re) { Log.w(LOG_TAG, "Error while getting AccessibilityServiceInfo", re); } } return null; } /** * Sets the {@link AccessibilityServiceInfo} that describes how this * UiAutomation will be handled by the platform accessibility layer. * * @param info The info. * * @see AccessibilityServiceInfo */ public final void setServiceInfo(AccessibilityServiceInfo info) { final IAccessibilityServiceConnection connection; synchronized (mLock) { throwIfNotConnectedLocked(); AccessibilityInteractionClient.getInstance().clearCache(); connection = AccessibilityInteractionClient.getInstance() .getConnection(mConnectionId); } // Calling out without a lock held. if (connection != null) { try { connection.setServiceInfo(info); } catch (RemoteException re) { Log.w(LOG_TAG, "Error while setting AccessibilityServiceInfo", re); } } } /** * Gets the root {@link AccessibilityNodeInfo} in the active window. * * @return The root info. */ public AccessibilityNodeInfo getRootInActiveWindow() { final int connectionId; synchronized (mLock) { throwIfNotConnectedLocked(); connectionId = mConnectionId; } // Calling out without a lock held. return AccessibilityInteractionClient.getInstance() .getRootInActiveWindow(connectionId); } /** * A method for injecting an arbitrary input event. *

* Note: It is caller's responsibility to recycle the event. *

* @param event The event to inject. * @param sync Whether to inject the event synchronously. * @return Whether event injection succeeded. */ public boolean injectInputEvent(InputEvent event, boolean sync) { synchronized (mLock) { throwIfNotConnectedLocked(); } try { if (DEBUG) { Log.i(LOG_TAG, "Injecting: " + event + " sync: " + sync); } // Calling out without a lock held. return mUiAutomationConnection.injectInputEvent(event, sync); } catch (RemoteException re) { Log.e(LOG_TAG, "Error while injecting input event!", re); } return false; } /** * Sets the device rotation. A client can freeze the rotation in * desired state or freeze the rotation to its current state or * unfreeze the rotation (rotating the device changes its rotation * state). * * @param rotation The desired rotation. * @return Whether the rotation was set successfully. * * @see #ROTATION_FREEZE_0 * @see #ROTATION_FREEZE_90 * @see #ROTATION_FREEZE_180 * @see #ROTATION_FREEZE_270 * @see #ROTATION_FREEZE_CURRENT * @see #ROTATION_UNFREEZE */ public boolean setRotation(int rotation) { synchronized (mLock) { throwIfNotConnectedLocked(); } switch (rotation) { case ROTATION_FREEZE_0: case ROTATION_FREEZE_90: case ROTATION_FREEZE_180: case ROTATION_FREEZE_270: case ROTATION_UNFREEZE: case ROTATION_FREEZE_CURRENT: { try { // Calling out without a lock held. mUiAutomationConnection.setRotation(rotation); return true; } catch (RemoteException re) { Log.e(LOG_TAG, "Error while setting rotation!", re); } } return false; default: { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid rotation."); } } } /** * Executes a command and waits for a specific accessibility event up to a * given wait timeout. To detect a sequence of events one can implement a * filter that keeps track of seen events of the expected sequence and * returns true after the last event of that sequence is received. *

* Note: It is caller's responsibility to recycle the returned event. *

* @param command The command to execute. * @param filter Filter that recognizes the expected event. * @param timeoutMillis The wait timeout in milliseconds. * * @throws TimeoutException If the expected event is not received within the timeout. */ public AccessibilityEvent executeAndWaitForEvent(Runnable command, AccessibilityEventFilter filter, long timeoutMillis) throws TimeoutException { // Acquire the lock and prepare for receiving events. synchronized (mLock) { throwIfNotConnectedLocked(); mEventQueue.clear(); // Prepare to wait for an event. mWaitingForEventDelivery = true; } // Note: We have to release the lock since calling out with this lock held // can bite. We will correctly filter out events from other interactions, // so starting to collect events before running the action is just fine. // We will ignore events from previous interactions. final long executionStartTimeMillis = SystemClock.uptimeMillis(); // Execute the command *without* the lock being held. command.run(); // Acquire the lock and wait for the event. synchronized (mLock) { try { // Wait for the event. final long startTimeMillis = SystemClock.uptimeMillis(); while (true) { // Drain the event queue while (!mEventQueue.isEmpty()) { AccessibilityEvent event = mEventQueue.remove(0); // Ignore events from previous interactions. if (event.getEventTime() < executionStartTimeMillis) { continue; } if (filter.accept(event)) { return event; } event.recycle(); } // Check if timed out and if not wait. final long elapsedTimeMillis = SystemClock.uptimeMillis() - startTimeMillis; final long remainingTimeMillis = timeoutMillis - elapsedTimeMillis; if (remainingTimeMillis <= 0) { throw new TimeoutException("Expected event not received within: " + timeoutMillis + " ms."); } try { mLock.wait(remainingTimeMillis); } catch (InterruptedException ie) { /* ignore */ } } } finally { mWaitingForEventDelivery = false; mEventQueue.clear(); mLock.notifyAll(); } } } /** * Waits for the accessibility event stream to become idle, which is not to * have received an accessibility event within idleTimeoutMillis. * The total time spent to wait for an idle accessibility event stream is bounded * by the globalTimeoutMillis. * * @param idleTimeoutMillis The timeout in milliseconds between two events * to consider the device idle. * @param globalTimeoutMillis The maximal global timeout in milliseconds in * which to wait for an idle state. * * @throws TimeoutException If no idle state was detected within * globalTimeoutMillis. */ public void waitForIdle(long idleTimeoutMillis, long globalTimeoutMillis) throws TimeoutException { synchronized (mLock) { throwIfNotConnectedLocked(); final long startTimeMillis = SystemClock.uptimeMillis(); if (mLastEventTimeMillis <= 0) { mLastEventTimeMillis = startTimeMillis; } while (true) { final long currentTimeMillis = SystemClock.uptimeMillis(); // Did we get idle state within the global timeout? final long elapsedGlobalTimeMillis = currentTimeMillis - startTimeMillis; final long remainingGlobalTimeMillis = globalTimeoutMillis - elapsedGlobalTimeMillis; if (remainingGlobalTimeMillis <= 0) { throw new TimeoutException("No idle state with idle timeout: " + idleTimeoutMillis + " within global timeout: " + globalTimeoutMillis); } // Did we get an idle state within the idle timeout? final long elapsedIdleTimeMillis = currentTimeMillis - mLastEventTimeMillis; final long remainingIdleTimeMillis = idleTimeoutMillis - elapsedIdleTimeMillis; if (remainingIdleTimeMillis <= 0) { return; } try { mLock.wait(remainingIdleTimeMillis); } catch (InterruptedException ie) { /* ignore */ } } } } /** * Takes a screenshot. * * @return The screenshot bitmap on success, null otherwise. */ public Bitmap takeScreenshot() { synchronized (mLock) { throwIfNotConnectedLocked(); } Display display = DisplayManagerGlobal.getInstance() .getRealDisplay(Display.DEFAULT_DISPLAY); Point displaySize = new Point(); display.getRealSize(displaySize); final int displayWidth = displaySize.x; final int displayHeight = displaySize.y; final float screenshotWidth; final float screenshotHeight; final int rotation = display.getRotation(); switch (rotation) { case ROTATION_FREEZE_0: { screenshotWidth = displayWidth; screenshotHeight = displayHeight; } break; case ROTATION_FREEZE_90: { screenshotWidth = displayHeight; screenshotHeight = displayWidth; } break; case ROTATION_FREEZE_180: { screenshotWidth = displayWidth; screenshotHeight = displayHeight; } break; case ROTATION_FREEZE_270: { screenshotWidth = displayHeight; screenshotHeight = displayWidth; } break; default: { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid rotation: " + rotation); } } // Take the screenshot Bitmap screenShot = null; try { // Calling out without a lock held. screenShot = mUiAutomationConnection.takeScreenshot((int) screenshotWidth, (int) screenshotHeight); if (screenShot == null) { return null; } } catch (RemoteException re) { Log.e(LOG_TAG, "Error while taking screnshot!", re); return null; } // Rotate the screenshot to the current orientation if (rotation != ROTATION_FREEZE_0) { Bitmap unrotatedScreenShot = Bitmap.createBitmap(displayWidth, displayHeight, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888); Canvas canvas = new Canvas(unrotatedScreenShot); canvas.translate(unrotatedScreenShot.getWidth() / 2, unrotatedScreenShot.getHeight() / 2); canvas.rotate(getDegreesForRotation(rotation)); canvas.translate(- screenshotWidth / 2, - screenshotHeight / 2); canvas.drawBitmap(screenShot, 0, 0, null); canvas.setBitmap(null); screenShot = unrotatedScreenShot; } // Optimization screenShot.setHasAlpha(false); return screenShot; } /** * Sets whether this UiAutomation to run in a "monkey" mode. Applications can query whether * they are executed in a "monkey" mode, i.e. run by a test framework, and avoid doing * potentially undesirable actions such as calling 911 or posting on public forums etc. * * @param enable whether to run in a "monkey" mode or not. Default is not. * @see {@link ActivityManager#isUserAMonkey()} */ public void setRunAsMonkey(boolean enable) { synchronized (mLock) { throwIfNotConnectedLocked(); } try { ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().setUserIsMonkey(enable); } catch (RemoteException re) { Log.e(LOG_TAG, "Error while setting run as monkey!", re); } } private static float getDegreesForRotation(int value) { switch (value) { case Surface.ROTATION_90: { return 360f - 90f; } case Surface.ROTATION_180: { return 360f - 180f; } case Surface.ROTATION_270: { return 360f - 270f; } default: { return 0; } } } private boolean isConnectedLocked() { return mConnectionId != CONNECTION_ID_UNDEFINED; } private void throwIfConnectedLocked() { if (mConnectionId != CONNECTION_ID_UNDEFINED) { throw new IllegalStateException("UiAutomation not connected!"); } } private void throwIfNotConnectedLocked() { if (!isConnectedLocked()) { throw new IllegalStateException("UiAutomation not connected!"); } } private class IAccessibilityServiceClientImpl extends IAccessibilityServiceClientWrapper { public IAccessibilityServiceClientImpl(Looper looper) { super(null, looper, new Callbacks() { @Override public void onSetConnectionId(int connectionId) { synchronized (mLock) { mConnectionId = connectionId; mLock.notifyAll(); } } @Override public void onServiceConnected() { /* do nothing */ } @Override public void onInterrupt() { /* do nothing */ } @Override public boolean onGesture(int gestureId) { /* do nothing */ return false; } @Override public void onAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent event) { synchronized (mLock) { mLastEventTimeMillis = event.getEventTime(); if (mWaitingForEventDelivery) { mEventQueue.add(AccessibilityEvent.obtain(event)); } mLock.notifyAll(); } // Calling out only without a lock held. final OnAccessibilityEventListener listener = mOnAccessibilityEventListener; if (listener != null) { listener.onAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent.obtain(event)); } } @Override public boolean onKeyEvent(KeyEvent event) { return false; } }); } } }