/* * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package android.os; import android.app.admin.DevicePolicyManager; import android.content.Context; import android.os.storage.StorageManager; import android.os.storage.StorageVolume; import android.text.TextUtils; import android.util.Log; import java.io.File; /** * Provides access to environment variables. */ public class Environment { private static final String TAG = "Environment"; private static final String ENV_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = "EXTERNAL_STORAGE"; private static final String ENV_ANDROID_ROOT = "ANDROID_ROOT"; private static final String ENV_ANDROID_DATA = "ANDROID_DATA"; private static final String ENV_ANDROID_STORAGE = "ANDROID_STORAGE"; private static final String ENV_OEM_ROOT = "OEM_ROOT"; private static final String ENV_VENDOR_ROOT = "VENDOR_ROOT"; /** {@hide} */ public static final String DIR_ANDROID = "Android"; private static final String DIR_DATA = "data"; private static final String DIR_MEDIA = "media"; private static final String DIR_OBB = "obb"; private static final String DIR_FILES = "files"; private static final String DIR_CACHE = "cache"; /** {@hide} */ @Deprecated public static final String DIRECTORY_ANDROID = DIR_ANDROID; private static final File DIR_ANDROID_ROOT = getDirectory(ENV_ANDROID_ROOT, "/system"); private static final File DIR_ANDROID_DATA = getDirectory(ENV_ANDROID_DATA, "/data"); private static final File DIR_ANDROID_STORAGE = getDirectory(ENV_ANDROID_STORAGE, "/storage"); private static final File DIR_OEM_ROOT = getDirectory(ENV_OEM_ROOT, "/oem"); private static final File DIR_VENDOR_ROOT = getDirectory(ENV_VENDOR_ROOT, "/vendor"); private static final String SYSTEM_PROPERTY_EFS_ENABLED = "persist.security.efs.enabled"; private static UserEnvironment sCurrentUser; private static boolean sUserRequired; static { initForCurrentUser(); } /** {@hide} */ public static void initForCurrentUser() { final int userId = UserHandle.myUserId(); sCurrentUser = new UserEnvironment(userId); } /** {@hide} */ public static class UserEnvironment { private final int mUserId; public UserEnvironment(int userId) { mUserId = userId; } public File[] getExternalDirs() { final StorageVolume[] volumes = StorageManager.getVolumeList(mUserId); final File[] files = new File[volumes.length]; for (int i = 0; i < volumes.length; i++) { files[i] = volumes[i].getPathFile(); } return files; } @Deprecated public File getExternalStorageDirectory() { return getExternalDirs()[0]; } @Deprecated public File getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(String type) { return buildExternalStoragePublicDirs(type)[0]; } public File[] buildExternalStoragePublicDirs(String type) { return buildPaths(getExternalDirs(), type); } public File[] buildExternalStorageAndroidDataDirs() { return buildPaths(getExternalDirs(), DIR_ANDROID, DIR_DATA); } public File[] buildExternalStorageAndroidObbDirs() { return buildPaths(getExternalDirs(), DIR_ANDROID, DIR_OBB); } public File[] buildExternalStorageAppDataDirs(String packageName) { return buildPaths(getExternalDirs(), DIR_ANDROID, DIR_DATA, packageName); } public File[] buildExternalStorageAppMediaDirs(String packageName) { return buildPaths(getExternalDirs(), DIR_ANDROID, DIR_MEDIA, packageName); } public File[] buildExternalStorageAppObbDirs(String packageName) { return buildPaths(getExternalDirs(), DIR_ANDROID, DIR_OBB, packageName); } public File[] buildExternalStorageAppFilesDirs(String packageName) { return buildPaths(getExternalDirs(), DIR_ANDROID, DIR_DATA, packageName, DIR_FILES); } public File[] buildExternalStorageAppCacheDirs(String packageName) { return buildPaths(getExternalDirs(), DIR_ANDROID, DIR_DATA, packageName, DIR_CACHE); } } /** * Return root of the "system" partition holding the core Android OS. * Always present and mounted read-only. */ public static File getRootDirectory() { return DIR_ANDROID_ROOT; } /** {@hide} */ public static File getStorageDirectory() { return DIR_ANDROID_STORAGE; } /** * Return root directory of the "oem" partition holding OEM customizations, * if any. If present, the partition is mounted read-only. * * @hide */ public static File getOemDirectory() { return DIR_OEM_ROOT; } /** * Return root directory of the "vendor" partition that holds vendor-provided * software that should persist across simple reflashing of the "system" partition. * @hide */ public static File getVendorDirectory() { return DIR_VENDOR_ROOT; } /** * Gets the system directory available for secure storage. * If Encrypted File system is enabled, it returns an encrypted directory (/data/secure/system). * Otherwise, it returns the unencrypted /data/system directory. * @return File object representing the secure storage system directory. * @hide */ public static File getSystemSecureDirectory() { if (isEncryptedFilesystemEnabled()) { return new File(SECURE_DATA_DIRECTORY, "system"); } else { return new File(DATA_DIRECTORY, "system"); } } /** * Gets the data directory for secure storage. * If Encrypted File system is enabled, it returns an encrypted directory (/data/secure). * Otherwise, it returns the unencrypted /data directory. * @return File object representing the data directory for secure storage. * @hide */ public static File getSecureDataDirectory() { if (isEncryptedFilesystemEnabled()) { return SECURE_DATA_DIRECTORY; } else { return DATA_DIRECTORY; } } /** * Return the system directory for a user. This is for use by system services to store * files relating to the user. This directory will be automatically deleted when the user * is removed. * * @hide */ public static File getUserSystemDirectory(int userId) { return new File(new File(getSystemSecureDirectory(), "users"), Integer.toString(userId)); } /** * Returns the config directory for a user. This is for use by system services to store files * relating to the user which should be readable by any app running as that user. * * @hide */ public static File getUserConfigDirectory(int userId) { return new File(new File(new File( getDataDirectory(), "misc"), "user"), Integer.toString(userId)); } /** * Returns whether the Encrypted File System feature is enabled on the device or not. * @return true if Encrypted File System feature is enabled, false * if disabled. * @hide */ public static boolean isEncryptedFilesystemEnabled() { return SystemProperties.getBoolean(SYSTEM_PROPERTY_EFS_ENABLED, false); } private static final File DATA_DIRECTORY = getDirectory("ANDROID_DATA", "/data"); /** * @hide */ private static final File SECURE_DATA_DIRECTORY = getDirectory("ANDROID_SECURE_DATA", "/data/secure"); private static final File DOWNLOAD_CACHE_DIRECTORY = getDirectory("DOWNLOAD_CACHE", "/cache"); /** * Return the user data directory. */ public static File getDataDirectory() { return DATA_DIRECTORY; } /** {@hide} */ public static File getDataDirectory(String volumeUuid) { if (TextUtils.isEmpty(volumeUuid)) { return new File("/data"); } else { return new File("/mnt/expand/" + volumeUuid); } } /** {@hide} */ public static File getDataAppDirectory(String volumeUuid) { return new File(getDataDirectory(volumeUuid), "app"); } /** {@hide} */ public static File getDataUserDirectory(String volumeUuid) { return new File(getDataDirectory(volumeUuid), "user"); } /** {@hide} */ public static File getDataUserDirectory(String volumeUuid, int userId) { return new File(getDataUserDirectory(volumeUuid), String.valueOf(userId)); } /** {@hide} */ public static File getDataUserPackageDirectory(String volumeUuid, int userId, String packageName) { // TODO: keep consistent with installd return new File(getDataUserDirectory(volumeUuid, userId), packageName); } /** * Return the primary external storage directory. This directory may not * currently be accessible if it has been mounted by the user on their * computer, has been removed from the device, or some other problem has * happened. You can determine its current state with * {@link #getExternalStorageState()}. *

* Note: don't be confused by the word "external" here. This directory * can better be thought as media/shared storage. It is a filesystem that * can hold a relatively large amount of data and that is shared across all * applications (does not enforce permissions). Traditionally this is an SD * card, but it may also be implemented as built-in storage in a device that * is distinct from the protected internal storage and can be mounted as a * filesystem on a computer. *

* On devices with multiple users (as described by {@link UserManager}), * each user has their own isolated external storage. Applications only have * access to the external storage for the user they're running as. *

* In devices with multiple "external" storage directories, this directory * represents the "primary" external storage that the user will interact * with. Access to secondary storage is available through *

* Applications should not directly use this top-level directory, in order * to avoid polluting the user's root namespace. Any files that are private * to the application should be placed in a directory returned by * {@link android.content.Context#getExternalFilesDir * Context.getExternalFilesDir}, which the system will take care of deleting * if the application is uninstalled. Other shared files should be placed in * one of the directories returned by * {@link #getExternalStoragePublicDirectory}. *

* Writing to this path requires the * {@link android.Manifest.permission#WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE} permission, * and starting in read access requires the * {@link android.Manifest.permission#READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE} permission, * which is automatically granted if you hold the write permission. *

* Starting in {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#KITKAT}, if your * application only needs to store internal data, consider using * {@link Context#getExternalFilesDir(String)} or * {@link Context#getExternalCacheDir()}, which require no permissions to * read or write. *

* This path may change between platform versions, so applications should * only persist relative paths. *

* Here is an example of typical code to monitor the state of external * storage: *

* {@sample * development/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/content/ExternalStorage.java * monitor_storage} * * @see #getExternalStorageState() * @see #isExternalStorageRemovable() */ public static File getExternalStorageDirectory() { throwIfUserRequired(); return sCurrentUser.getExternalDirs()[0]; } /** {@hide} */ public static File getLegacyExternalStorageDirectory() { return new File(System.getenv(ENV_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)); } /** {@hide} */ public static File getLegacyExternalStorageObbDirectory() { return buildPath(getLegacyExternalStorageDirectory(), DIR_ANDROID, DIR_OBB); } /** * Standard directory in which to place any audio files that should be * in the regular list of music for the user. * This may be combined with * {@link #DIRECTORY_PODCASTS}, {@link #DIRECTORY_NOTIFICATIONS}, * {@link #DIRECTORY_ALARMS}, and {@link #DIRECTORY_RINGTONES} as a series * of directories to categories a particular audio file as more than one * type. */ public static String DIRECTORY_MUSIC = "Music"; /** * Standard directory in which to place any audio files that should be * in the list of podcasts that the user can select (not as regular * music). * This may be combined with {@link #DIRECTORY_MUSIC}, * {@link #DIRECTORY_NOTIFICATIONS}, * {@link #DIRECTORY_ALARMS}, and {@link #DIRECTORY_RINGTONES} as a series * of directories to categories a particular audio file as more than one * type. */ public static String DIRECTORY_PODCASTS = "Podcasts"; /** * Standard directory in which to place any audio files that should be * in the list of ringtones that the user can select (not as regular * music). * This may be combined with {@link #DIRECTORY_MUSIC}, * {@link #DIRECTORY_PODCASTS}, {@link #DIRECTORY_NOTIFICATIONS}, and * {@link #DIRECTORY_ALARMS} as a series * of directories to categories a particular audio file as more than one * type. */ public static String DIRECTORY_RINGTONES = "Ringtones"; /** * Standard directory in which to place any audio files that should be * in the list of alarms that the user can select (not as regular * music). * This may be combined with {@link #DIRECTORY_MUSIC}, * {@link #DIRECTORY_PODCASTS}, {@link #DIRECTORY_NOTIFICATIONS}, * and {@link #DIRECTORY_RINGTONES} as a series * of directories to categories a particular audio file as more than one * type. */ public static String DIRECTORY_ALARMS = "Alarms"; /** * Standard directory in which to place any audio files that should be * in the list of notifications that the user can select (not as regular * music). * This may be combined with {@link #DIRECTORY_MUSIC}, * {@link #DIRECTORY_PODCASTS}, * {@link #DIRECTORY_ALARMS}, and {@link #DIRECTORY_RINGTONES} as a series * of directories to categories a particular audio file as more than one * type. */ public static String DIRECTORY_NOTIFICATIONS = "Notifications"; /** * Standard directory in which to place pictures that are available to * the user. Note that this is primarily a convention for the top-level * public directory, as the media scanner will find and collect pictures * in any directory. */ public static String DIRECTORY_PICTURES = "Pictures"; /** * Standard directory in which to place movies that are available to * the user. Note that this is primarily a convention for the top-level * public directory, as the media scanner will find and collect movies * in any directory. */ public static String DIRECTORY_MOVIES = "Movies"; /** * Standard directory in which to place files that have been downloaded by * the user. Note that this is primarily a convention for the top-level * public directory, you are free to download files anywhere in your own * private directories. Also note that though the constant here is * named DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS (plural), the actual file name is non-plural for * backwards compatibility reasons. */ public static String DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS = "Download"; /** * The traditional location for pictures and videos when mounting the * device as a camera. Note that this is primarily a convention for the * top-level public directory, as this convention makes no sense elsewhere. */ public static String DIRECTORY_DCIM = "DCIM"; /** * Standard directory in which to place documents that have been created by * the user. */ public static String DIRECTORY_DOCUMENTS = "Documents"; /** * Get a top-level public external storage directory for placing files of * a particular type. This is where the user will typically place and * manage their own files, so you should be careful about what you put here * to ensure you don't erase their files or get in the way of their own * organization. * *

On devices with multiple users (as described by {@link UserManager}), * each user has their own isolated external storage. Applications only * have access to the external storage for the user they're running as.

* *

Here is an example of typical code to manipulate a picture on * the public external storage:

* * {@sample development/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/content/ExternalStorage.java * public_picture} * * @param type The type of storage directory to return. Should be one of * {@link #DIRECTORY_MUSIC}, {@link #DIRECTORY_PODCASTS}, * {@link #DIRECTORY_RINGTONES}, {@link #DIRECTORY_ALARMS}, * {@link #DIRECTORY_NOTIFICATIONS}, {@link #DIRECTORY_PICTURES}, * {@link #DIRECTORY_MOVIES}, {@link #DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS}, or * {@link #DIRECTORY_DCIM}. May not be null. * * @return Returns the File path for the directory. Note that this * directory may not yet exist, so you must make sure it exists before * using it such as with {@link File#mkdirs File.mkdirs()}. */ public static File getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(String type) { throwIfUserRequired(); return sCurrentUser.buildExternalStoragePublicDirs(type)[0]; } /** * Returns the path for android-specific data on the SD card. * @hide */ public static File[] buildExternalStorageAndroidDataDirs() { throwIfUserRequired(); return sCurrentUser.buildExternalStorageAndroidDataDirs(); } /** * Generates the raw path to an application's data * @hide */ public static File[] buildExternalStorageAppDataDirs(String packageName) { throwIfUserRequired(); return sCurrentUser.buildExternalStorageAppDataDirs(packageName); } /** * Generates the raw path to an application's media * @hide */ public static File[] buildExternalStorageAppMediaDirs(String packageName) { throwIfUserRequired(); return sCurrentUser.buildExternalStorageAppMediaDirs(packageName); } /** * Generates the raw path to an application's OBB files * @hide */ public static File[] buildExternalStorageAppObbDirs(String packageName) { throwIfUserRequired(); return sCurrentUser.buildExternalStorageAppObbDirs(packageName); } /** * Generates the path to an application's files. * @hide */ public static File[] buildExternalStorageAppFilesDirs(String packageName) { throwIfUserRequired(); return sCurrentUser.buildExternalStorageAppFilesDirs(packageName); } /** * Generates the path to an application's cache. * @hide */ public static File[] buildExternalStorageAppCacheDirs(String packageName) { throwIfUserRequired(); return sCurrentUser.buildExternalStorageAppCacheDirs(packageName); } /** * Return the download/cache content directory. */ public static File getDownloadCacheDirectory() { return DOWNLOAD_CACHE_DIRECTORY; } /** * Unknown storage state, such as when a path isn't backed by known storage * media. * * @see #getExternalStorageState(File) */ public static final String MEDIA_UNKNOWN = "unknown"; /** * Storage state if the media is not present. * * @see #getExternalStorageState(File) */ public static final String MEDIA_REMOVED = "removed"; /** * Storage state if the media is present but not mounted. * * @see #getExternalStorageState(File) */ public static final String MEDIA_UNMOUNTED = "unmounted"; /** * Storage state if the media is present and being disk-checked. * * @see #getExternalStorageState(File) */ public static final String MEDIA_CHECKING = "checking"; /** * Storage state if the media is present but is blank or is using an * unsupported filesystem. * * @see #getExternalStorageState(File) */ public static final String MEDIA_NOFS = "nofs"; /** * Storage state if the media is present and mounted at its mount point with * read/write access. * * @see #getExternalStorageState(File) */ public static final String MEDIA_MOUNTED = "mounted"; /** * Storage state if the media is present and mounted at its mount point with * read-only access. * * @see #getExternalStorageState(File) */ public static final String MEDIA_MOUNTED_READ_ONLY = "mounted_ro"; /** * Storage state if the media is present not mounted, and shared via USB * mass storage. * * @see #getExternalStorageState(File) */ public static final String MEDIA_SHARED = "shared"; /** * Storage state if the media was removed before it was unmounted. * * @see #getExternalStorageState(File) */ public static final String MEDIA_BAD_REMOVAL = "bad_removal"; /** * Storage state if the media is present but cannot be mounted. Typically * this happens if the file system on the media is corrupted. * * @see #getExternalStorageState(File) */ public static final String MEDIA_UNMOUNTABLE = "unmountable"; /** * Storage state if the media is in the process of being ejected. * * @see #getExternalStorageState(File) */ public static final String MEDIA_EJECTING = "ejecting"; /** * Returns the current state of the primary "external" storage device. * * @see #getExternalStorageDirectory() * @return one of {@link #MEDIA_UNKNOWN}, {@link #MEDIA_REMOVED}, * {@link #MEDIA_UNMOUNTED}, {@link #MEDIA_CHECKING}, * {@link #MEDIA_NOFS}, {@link #MEDIA_MOUNTED}, * {@link #MEDIA_MOUNTED_READ_ONLY}, {@link #MEDIA_SHARED}, * {@link #MEDIA_BAD_REMOVAL}, or {@link #MEDIA_UNMOUNTABLE}. */ public static String getExternalStorageState() { final File externalDir = sCurrentUser.getExternalDirs()[0]; return getExternalStorageState(externalDir); } /** * @deprecated use {@link #getExternalStorageState(File)} */ @Deprecated public static String getStorageState(File path) { return getExternalStorageState(path); } /** * Returns the current state of the storage device that provides the given * path. * * @return one of {@link #MEDIA_UNKNOWN}, {@link #MEDIA_REMOVED}, * {@link #MEDIA_UNMOUNTED}, {@link #MEDIA_CHECKING}, * {@link #MEDIA_NOFS}, {@link #MEDIA_MOUNTED}, * {@link #MEDIA_MOUNTED_READ_ONLY}, {@link #MEDIA_SHARED}, * {@link #MEDIA_BAD_REMOVAL}, or {@link #MEDIA_UNMOUNTABLE}. */ public static String getExternalStorageState(File path) { final StorageVolume volume = StorageManager.getStorageVolume(path, UserHandle.myUserId()); if (volume != null) { return volume.getState(); } else { return MEDIA_UNKNOWN; } } /** * Returns whether the primary "external" storage device is removable. * * @return true if the storage device can be removed (such as an SD card), * or false if the storage device is built in and cannot be * physically removed. */ public static boolean isExternalStorageRemovable() { if (isStorageDisabled()) return false; final File externalDir = sCurrentUser.getExternalDirs()[0]; return isExternalStorageRemovable(externalDir); } /** * Returns whether the storage device that provides the given path is * removable. * * @return true if the storage device can be removed (such as an SD card), * or false if the storage device is built in and cannot be * physically removed. * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the path is not a valid storage * device. */ public static boolean isExternalStorageRemovable(File path) { final StorageVolume volume = StorageManager.getStorageVolume(path, UserHandle.myUserId()); if (volume != null) { return volume.isRemovable(); } else { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Failed to find storage device at " + path); } } /** * Returns whether the primary "external" storage device is emulated. If * true, data stored on this device will be stored on a portion of the * internal storage system. * * @see DevicePolicyManager#setStorageEncryption(android.content.ComponentName, * boolean) */ public static boolean isExternalStorageEmulated() { if (isStorageDisabled()) return false; final File externalDir = sCurrentUser.getExternalDirs()[0]; return isExternalStorageEmulated(externalDir); } /** * Returns whether the storage device that provides the given path is * emulated. If true, data stored on this device will be stored on a portion * of the internal storage system. * * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the path is not a valid storage * device. */ public static boolean isExternalStorageEmulated(File path) { final StorageVolume volume = StorageManager.getStorageVolume(path, UserHandle.myUserId()); if (volume != null) { return volume.isEmulated(); } else { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Failed to find storage device at " + path); } } static File getDirectory(String variableName, String defaultPath) { String path = System.getenv(variableName); return path == null ? new File(defaultPath) : new File(path); } /** {@hide} */ public static void setUserRequired(boolean userRequired) { sUserRequired = userRequired; } private static void throwIfUserRequired() { if (sUserRequired) { Log.wtf(TAG, "Path requests must specify a user by using UserEnvironment", new Throwable()); } } /** * Append path segments to each given base path, returning result. * * @hide */ public static File[] buildPaths(File[] base, String... segments) { File[] result = new File[base.length]; for (int i = 0; i < base.length; i++) { result[i] = buildPath(base[i], segments); } return result; } /** * Append path segments to given base path, returning result. * * @hide */ public static File buildPath(File base, String... segments) { File cur = base; for (String segment : segments) { if (cur == null) { cur = new File(segment); } else { cur = new File(cur, segment); } } return cur; } private static boolean isStorageDisabled() { return SystemProperties.getBoolean("config.disable_storage", false); } /** * If the given path exists on emulated external storage, return the * translated backing path hosted on internal storage. This bypasses any * emulation later, improving performance. This is only suitable * for read-only access. *

* Returns original path if given path doesn't meet these criteria. Callers * must hold {@link android.Manifest.permission#WRITE_MEDIA_STORAGE} * permission. * * @hide */ public static File maybeTranslateEmulatedPathToInternal(File path) { return StorageManager.maybeTranslateEmulatedPathToInternal(path); } }