page.title=Testing In Other IDEs
@jd:body

<div id="qv-wrapper">
  <div id="qv">
  <h2>In this document</h2>
  <ol>
    <li>
        <a href="#CreateTestProjectCommand">Working with Test Projects</a>
        <ol>
            <li>
                <a href="#CreateTestProject">Creating a test project</a>
            </li>
            <li>
                <a href="#UpdateTestProject">Updating a test project</a>
            </li>
        </ol>
    </li>
    <li>
        <a href="#CreateTestApp">Creating a Test Application</a>
    </li>
    <li>
        <a href="#RunTestsCommand">Running Tests</a>
        <ol>
            <li>
                <a href="#RunTestsAnt">Quick build and run with Ant</a>
            </li>
            <li>
                <a href="#RunTestsDevice">Running tests on a device or emulator</a>
            </li>
        </ol>
    </li>
    <li>
        <a href="#AMSyntax">Using the Instrument Command</a>
        <ol>
            <li>
                <a href="#AMOptionsSyntax">Instrument options</a>
            </li>
            <li>
                <a href="#RunTestExamples">Instrument examples</a>
            </li>
        </ol>
    </li>

  </ol>
  <h2>See Also</h2>
  <ol>
    <li>
        <a
        href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/testing/testing_android.html">Testing and Instrumentation</a>
    </li>
    <li>
        <a href="{@docRoot}resources/tutorials/testing/activity_test.html">Activity Testing</a>
    </li>
    <li>
        <a href="{@docRoot}guide/developing/tools/adb.html">Android Debug Bridge</a>
    </li>
  </ol>
  </div>
</div>
<p>
  This document describes how to create and run tests directly from the command line.
  You can use the techniques described here if you are developing in an IDE other than Eclipse
  or if you prefer to work from the command line. This document assumes that you already know how
  to create a Android application in your programming environment. Before you start this
  document, you should read the document <a
  href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/testing/testing_android.html">Testing and Instrumentation</a>,
  which provides an overview of Android testing.
</p>
<p>
  If you are developing in Eclipse with ADT, you can set up and run your tests
directly in Eclipse. For more information, please read <a
  href="{@docRoot}guide/developing/testing/testing_eclipse.html">Testing&nbsp;in&nbsp;Eclipse,&nbsp;with&nbsp;ADT</a>.
</p>
<h2 id="CreateTestProjectCommand">Working with Test Projects</h2>
<p>
  You use the <code>android</code> tool to create test projects.
  You also use <code>android</code> to convert existing test code into an Android test project,
  or to add the <code>run-tests</code> Ant target to an existing Android test project.
  These operations are described in more detail in the section <a
  href="#UpdateTestProject">Updating a test project</a>.
  The <code>run-tests</code> target is described in <a
  href="#RunTestsAnt">Quick build and run with Ant</a>.
</p>
<h3 id="CreateTestProject">Creating a test project</h3>
<p>
  To create a test project with the <code>android</code> tool, enter:
<pre>android create test-project -m &lt;main_path&gt; -n &lt;project_name&gt; -p &lt;test_path&gt;</pre>
<p>
  You must supply all the flags. The following table explains them in detail:
</p>
<table>
  <tr>
    <th>Flag</th>
    <th>Value</th>
    <th>Description</th>
  <tr>
    <td><code>-m, --main</code></td>
    <td>
        Path to the project of the application under test, relative to the test application
        directory.
    </td>
    <td>
        For example, if the application under test is in <code>source/HelloAndroid</code>, and you
        want to create the test project in <code>source/HelloAndroidTest</code>, then the value of
        <code>--main</code> should be <code>../HelloAndroid</code>.
        </td>
  <tr>
    <td><code>-n, --name</code></td>
    <td>Name that you want to give the test project.</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td><code>-p, --path</code></td>
    <td>Directory in which you want to create the new test project.</td>
    <td>
      The <code>android</code> tool creates the test project files and directory structure in this
      directory. If the directory does not exist, <code>android</code> creates it.
    </td>
  </tr>
</table>
<p>
    If the operation is successful, <code>android</code> lists to STDOUT the names of the files
    and directories it has created.
</p>
<p>
    This creates a new test project with the appropriate directories and build files. The directory
    structure and build file contents are identical to those in a regular Android application
    project. They are described in detail in the topic
    <a href="{@docRoot}guide/developing/other-ide.html">Developing In Other IDEs</a>.
</p>
<p>
    The operation also creates an <code>AndroidManifest.xml</code> file with instrumentation
    information. When you run the test, Android uses this information to load the application you
    are testing and control it with instrumentation.
</p>
<p>
    For example, suppose you create the <a
    href="{@docRoot}resources/tutorials/hello-world.html">Hello, World</a> tutorial application
    in the directory <code>~/source/HelloAndroid</code>. In the tutorial, this application uses the
    package name <code>com.example.helloandroid</code> and the activity name
    <code>HelloAndroid</code>. You can to create the test for this in
    <code>~/source/HelloAndroidTest</code>. To do so, you enter:
</p>
<pre>
$ cd ~/source
$ android create test-project -m ../HelloAndroid -n HelloAndroidTest -p HelloAndroidTest
</pre>
<p>
    This creates a directory called <code>~/src/HelloAndroidTest</code>. In the new directory you
    see the file <code>AndroidManifest.xml</code>. This file contains the following
    instrumentation-related elements and attributes:
</p>
<ul>
    <li>
        <code>&lt;application&gt;</code>: to contain the
        <code>&lt;uses-library&gt;</code> element.
    </li>
    <li>
        <code>&lt;uses-library android:name=&quot;android.test.runner&quot;</code>:
        specifies this testing application uses the <code>android.test.runner</code> library.
    </li>
    <li>
        <code>&lt;instrumentation&gt;</code>: contains attributes that control Android
        instrumentation. The attributes are:
        <ul>
            <li>
                <code>android:name=&quot;android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner&quot;</code>:
                {@link android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner} runs test cases. It extends both
                JUnit test case runner classes and Android instrumentation classes.
            </li>
            <li>
                <code>android:targetPackage=&quot;com.example.helloandroid&quot;</code>: specifies
                that the tests in HelloAndroidTest should be run against the application with the
                <em>Android</em> package name <code>com.example.helloandroid</code>. This is the
                package name of the <a
                href="{@docRoot}resources/tutorials/hello-world.html">Hello, World</a>
                tutorial application.
            </li>
            <li>
                <code>android:label=&quot;Tests for .HelloAndroid&quot;</code>: specifies a
                user-readable label for the instrumentation class. By default,
                the <code>android</code> tool gives it the value &quot;Tests for &quot; plus
                the name of the main Activity of the application under test.
            </li>
        </ul>
    </li>
</ul>
<h3 id="UpdateTestProject">Updating a test project</h3>
<p>
    You use the <code>android</code> tool when you need to change the path to the
    project of the application under test. If you are changing an existing test project created in
    Eclipse with ADT so that you can also build and run it from the command line, you must use the
    "create" operation. See the section <a href="#CreateTestProject">Creating a test project</a>.
</p>
<p class="note">
    <strong>Note:</strong> If you change the Android package name of the application under test,
    you must <em>manually</em> change the value of the <code>&lt;android:targetPackage&gt;</code>
    attribute within the <code>AndroidManifest.xml</code> file of the test application.
    Running <code>android update test-project</code> does not do this.
</p>
<p>
  To update a test project with the <code>android</code> tool, enter:
</p>
<pre>android update-test-project -m &lt;main_path&gt; -p &lt;test_path&gt;</pre>

<table>
<tr>
  <th>Flag</th>
  <th>Value</th>
  <th>Description</th>
</tr>
<tr>
  <td><code>-m, --main</code></td>
  <td>The path to the project of the application under test, relative to the test project</td>
  <td>
    For example, if the application under test is in <code>source/HelloAndroid</code>, and
    the test project is in <code>source/HelloAndroidTest</code>, then the value for
    <code>--main</code> is <code>../HelloAndroid</code>.
  </td>
</tr>
<tr>
  <td><code>-p, --path</code></td>
  <td>The of the test project.</td>
  <td>
    For example, if the test project is in <code>source/HelloAndroidTest</code>, then the
    value for <code>--path</code> is <code>HelloAndroidTest</code>.
  </td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
    If the operation is successful, <code>android</code> lists to STDOUT the names of the files
    and directories it has created.
</p>
<h2 id="CreateTestApp">Creating a Test Application</h2>
<p>
    Once you have created a test project, you populate it with a test application.
    The application does not require an {@link android.app.Activity Activity},
    although you can define one if you wish. Although your test application can
    combine Activities, Android test class extensions, JUnit extensions, or
    ordinary classes, you should extend one of the Android test classes or JUnit classes,
    because these provide the best testing features.
</p>
<p>
    If you run your tests with {@link android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner}
    (or a related test runner), then it will run all the methods in each class. You can modify
    this behavior by using the {@link junit.framework.TestSuite TestSuite} class.
</p>

<p>
    To create a test application, start with one of Android's test classes in the Java package
    {@link android.test android.test}. These extend the JUnit
    {@link junit.framework.TestCase TestCase} class. With a few exceptions, the Android test
    classes also provide instrumentation for testing.
</p>
<p>
    For test classes that extend {@link junit.framework.TestCase TestCase}, you probably want to
    override the <code>setUp()</code> and <code>tearDown()</code> methods:
</p>
<ul>
    <li>
        <code>setUp()</code>: This method is invoked before any of the test methods in the class.
        Use it to set up the environment for the test. You can use <code>setUp()</code>
        to instantiate a new <code>Intent</code> object with the action <code>ACTION_MAIN</code>.
        You can then use this intent to start the Activity under test.
        <p class="note">
            <strong>Note:</strong> If you override this method, call
            <code>super.setUp()</code> as the first statement in your code.
        </p>
    </li>
    <li>
        <code>tearDown()</code>: This method is invoked after all the test methods in the class. Use
        it to do garbage collection and re-setting before moving on to the next set of tests.
        <p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> If you override this method, you must call
        <code>super.tearDown()</code> as the <em>last</em> statement in your code.</p>
    </li>
</ul>
<p>
    Another useful convention is to add the method <code>testPreConditions()</code> to your test
    class. Use this method to test that the application under test is initialized correctly. If this
    test fails, you know that that the initial conditions were in error. When this happens, further
    test results are suspect, regardless of whether or not the tests succeeded.
</p>
<p>
    To learn more about creating test applications, see the topic <a
    href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/testing/testing_android.html">Testing and Instrumentation</a>,
    which provides an overview of Android testing. If you prefer to follow a tutorial,
    try the <a href="{@docRoot}resources/tutorials/testing/activity_test.html">Activity Testing</a>
    tutorial, which leads you through the creation of tests for an actual Android application.
</p>
<h2 id="RunTestsCommand">Running Tests</h2>
<p>
    If you are not developing in Eclipse with ADT, you need to run tests from the command line.
    You can do this either with Ant or with the {@link android.app.ActivityManager ActivityManager}
    command line interface.
</p>
<p>
    You can also run tests from the command line even if you are using Eclipse with ADT to develop
    them. To do this, you need to create the proper files and directory structure in the test
    project, using the <code>android</code> tool with the option <code>create test-project</code>.
    This is described in the section <a
    href="#CreateTestProjectCommand">Working with Test Projects</a>.
</p>
<h3 id="RunTestsAnt">Quick build and run with Ant</h3>
<p>
    You can use Ant to run all the tests in your test project, using the target
    <code>run-tests</code>, which is created automatically when you create a test project with
    the <code>android</code> tool.
</p>
<p>
    This target re-builds your main project and test project if necessary, installs the test
    application to the current AVD or device, and then runs all the test classes in the test
    application. The results are directed to <code>STDOUT</code>.
</p>
<p>
    You can update an existing test project to use this feature. To do this, use the
    <code>android</code> tool with the <code>update test-project</code> option. This is described
    in the section <a href="#UpdateTestProject">Updating a test project</a>.
<h3 id="RunTestsDevice">Running tests on a device or emulator</h3>
<p>
    When you run tests from the command line with the ActivityManager (<code>am</code>)
    command-line tool, you get more options for choosing the tests to run than with any other
    method. You can select individual test methods, filter tests according to their annotation, or
    specify testing options. Since the test run is controlled entirely from a command line, you can
    customize your testing with shell scripts in various ways.
</p>
<p>
    You run the <code>am</code> tool on an Android device or emulator using the
    <a href="{@docRoot}guide/developing/tools/adb.html">Android Debug Bridge</a>
    (<code>adb</code>) shell. When you do this, you use the ActivityManager
    <code>instrument</code> option to run your test application using an Android test runner
    (usually {@link android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner}). You set <code>am</code>
    options with command-line flags.
</p>
<p>
    To run a test with <code>am</code>:
</p>
<ol>
  <li>
    If necessary, re-build your main application and test application.
  </li>
  <li>
    Install your test application and main application Android package files
    (<code>.apk</code> files) to your current Android device or emulator</li>
  <li>
    At the command line, enter:
<pre>
$ adb shell am instrument -w &lt;test_package_name&gt;/&lt;runner_class&gt;
</pre>
<p>
    where <code>&lt;test_package_name&gt;</code> is the Android package name of your test
    application, and <code>&lt;runner_class&gt;</code> is the name of the Android test runner
    class you are using. The Android package name is the value of the <code>package</code>
    attribute of the <code>manifest</code> element in the manifest file
    (<code>AndroidManifest.xml</code>) of your test application. The Android test runner
    class is usually <code>InstrumentationTestRunner</code>.
</p>
<p>Your test results appear in <code>STDOUT</code>.</p>
  </li>
</ol>
<p>
    This operation starts an <code>adb</code> shell, then runs <code>am instrument</code> in it
    with the specified parameters. This particular form of the command will run all of the tests
    in your test application. You can control this behavior with flags that you pass to
    <code>am instrument</code>. These flags are described in the next section.
</p>
<h2 id="AMSyntax">Using the Instrument Command</h2>
<p>
  The general syntax of the <code>am instrument</code> command is:
</p>
<pre>
    am instrument [flags] &lt;test_package&gt;/&lt;runner_class&gt;
</pre>
<p>
    The main input parameters to <code>am instrument</code> are described in the following table:
</p>
<table>
    <tr>
        <th>
            Parameter
        </th>
        <th>
            Value
        </th>
        <th>
            Description
        </th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>
            <code>&lt;test_package&gt;</code>
        </td>
        <td>
            The Android package name of the test application.
        </td>
        <td>
            The value of the <code>package</code> attribute of the <code>manifest</code>
            element in the test application's manifest file.
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>
            <code>&lt;runner_class&gt;</code>
        </td>
        <td>
            The class name of the instrumented test runner you are using.
        </td>
        <td>
            This is usually {@link android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner}.
        </td>
    </tr>
</table>
<p>
The flags for <code>am instrument</code> are described in the following table:
</p>
<table>
    <tr>
        <th>
            Flag
        </th>
        <th>
            Value
        </th>
        <th>
            Description
        </th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>
            <code>-w</code>
        </td>
        <td>
            (none)
        </td>
        <td>
            Forces <code>am instrument</code> to wait until the instrumentation terminates
            before terminating itself. The net effect is to keep the shell open until the tests
            have finished. This flag is not required, but if you do not use it, you will not
            see the results of your tests.
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>
            <code>-r</code>
        </td>
        <td>
            (none)
        </td>
        <td>
            Outputs results in raw format. Use this flag when you want to collect
            performance measurements, so that they are not formatted as test results. This flag is
            designed for use with the flag <code>-e perf true</code> (documented in the section
            <a href="#AMOptionsSyntax">Instrument options</a>).
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>
            <code>-e</code>
        </td>
        <td>
             &lt;test_options&gt;
        </td>
        <td>
            Provides testing options , in the form of key-value pairs. The
            <code>am instrument</code> tool passes these to the specified instrumentation class
            via its <code>onCreate()</code> method. You can specify multiple occurrences of
            <code>-e &lt;test_options</code>. The keys and values are described in the next table.
            <p>
                The only instrumentation class that understands these key-value pairs is
                <code>InstrumentationTestRunner</code> (or a subclass). Using them with
                any other class has no effect.
            </p>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table>

<h3 id="AMOptionsSyntax">Instrument options</h3>
<p>
    The <code>am instrument</code> tool passes testing options to
    <code>InstrumentationTestRunner</code> or a subclass in the form of key-value pairs,
    using the <code>-e</code> flag, with this syntax:
</p>
<pre>
    -e &lt;key&gt; &lt;value&gt;
</pre>
<p>
    Where applicable, a &lt;key&gt; may have multiple values separated by a comma (,).
    For example, this invocation of <code>InstrumentationTestRunner</code> provides multiple
    values for the <code>package</code> key:
<pre>
$ adb shell am instrument -w -e package com.android.test.package1,com.android.test.package2 com.android.test/android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner
</pre>
<p>
    The following table describes the key-value pairs and their result. Please review the
    <strong>Usage Notes</strong> following the table.
</p>
<table>
<tr>
    <th>Key</th>
    <th>Value</th>
    <th>Description</th>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td>
        <code>package</code>
    </td>
    <td>
        &lt;Java_package_name&gt;
    </td>
    <td>
        The fully-qualified <em>Java</em> package name for one of the packages in the test
        application. Any test case class that uses this package name is executed. Notice that this
        is not an <em>Android</em> package name; a test application has a single Android package
        name but may have several Java packages within it.
    </td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td rowspan="2"><code>class</code></td>
    <td>&lt;class_name&gt;</td>
    <td>
        The fully-qualified Java class name for one of the test case classes. Only this test case
        class is executed.
    </td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td>&lt;class_name&gt;<strong>#</strong>method name</td>
    <td>
        A fully-qualified test case class name, and one of its methods. Only this method is
        executed. Note the hash mark (#) between the class name and the method name.
    </td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><code>func</code></td>
    <td><code>true</code></td>
    <td>
        Runs all test classes that extend {@link android.test.InstrumentationTestCase}.
    </td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><code>unit</code></td>
    <td><code>true</code></td>
    <td>
        Runs all test classes that do <em>not</em> extend either
        {@link android.test.InstrumentationTestCase} or {@link android.test.PerformanceTestCase}.
    </td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><code>size</code></td>
    <td>[<code>small</code> | <code>medium</code> | <code>large</code>]
    </td>
    <td>
        Runs a test method annotated by size. The  annotations are <code>@SmallTest</code>,
        <code>@MediumTest</code>, and <code>@LargeTest</code>.
    </td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><code>perf</code></td>
    <td><code>true</code></td>
    <td>
        Runs all test classes that implement {@link android.test.PerformanceTestCase}.
        When you use this option, also specify the <code>-r</code> flag for
        <code>am instrument</code>, so that the output is kept in raw format and not
        re-formatted as test results.
    </td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><code>debug</code></td>
    <td><code>true</code></td>
    <td>
        Runs tests in debug mode.
    </td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><code>log</code></td>
    <td><code>true</code></td>
    <td>
        Loads and logs all specified tests, but does not run them. The test
        information appears in <code>STDOUT</code>. Use this to verify combinations of other filters
        and test specifications.
    </td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><code>emma</code></td>
    <td><code>true</code></td>
    <td>
        Runs an EMMA code coverage analysis and writes the output to <code>/data//coverage.ec</code>
        on the device. To override the file location, use the <code>coverageFile</code> key that
        is described in the following entry.
        <p class="note">
            <strong>Note:</strong> This option requires an EMMA-instrumented build of the test
            application, which you can generate with the <code>coverage</code> target.
        </p>
    </td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><code>coverageFile</code></td>
    <td><code>&lt;filename&gt;</code></td>
    <td>
        Overrides the default location of the EMMA coverage file on the device. Specify this
        value as a path and filename in UNIX format. The default filename is described in the
        entry for the <code>emma</code> key.
    </td>
</tr>
</table>
<strong><code>-e</code> Flag Usage Notes</strong>
<ul>
    <li>
        <code>am instrument</code> invokes
        {@link android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner#onCreate(Bundle)}
        with a {@link android.os.Bundle} containing the key-value pairs.
    </li>
    <li>
        The <code>package</code> key takes precedence over the <code>class</code> key. If you
        specifiy a package, and then separately specify a class within that package, Android
        will run all the tests in the package and ignore the <code>class</code> key.
    </li>
    <li>
        The <code>func</code> key and <code>unit</code> key are mutually exclusive.
    </li>
</ul>
<h3 id="RunTestExamples">Instrument examples</h3>
<p>
Here are some examples of using <code>am instrument</code> to run tests. They are based on
the following structure:</p>
<ul>
    <li>
        The test application has the Android package name <code>com.android.demo.app.tests</code>
    </li>
    <li>
        There are three test classes:
        <ul>
            <li>
                <code>UnitTests</code>, which contains the methods
                <code>testPermissions</code> and <code>testSaveState</code>.
            </li>
            <li>
                <code>FunctionTests</code>, which contains the methods
                <code>testCamera</code>, <code>testXVGA</code>, and <code>testHardKeyboard</code>.
            </li>
            <li>
                <code>IntegrationTests</code>,
                which contains the method <code>testActivityProvider</code>.
            </li>
        </ul>
    </li>
    <li>
        The test runner is {@link android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner}.
    </li>
</ul>
<h4>Running the Entire Test Application</h4>
<p>
    To run all of the test classes in the test application, enter:
</p>
<pre>
$ adb shell am instrument -w com.android.demo.app.tests/android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner
</pre>
<h4>Running All Tests in a Test Case Class</h4>
<p>
    To run all of the tests in the class <code>UnitTests</code>, enter:
</p>
<pre>
$ adb shell am instrument -w  \
-e class com.android.demo.app.tests.UnitTests \
com.android.demo.app.tests/android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner
</pre>
<p>
  <code>am instrument</code> gets the value of the <code>-e</code> flag, detects the
  <code>class</code> keyword, and runs all the methods in the <code>UnitTests</code> class.
</p>
<h4>Selecting a Subset of Tests</h4>
<p>
  To run all of the tests in <code>UnitTests</code>, and the <code>testCamera</code> method in
  <code>FunctionTests</code>, enter:
</p>
<pre>
$ adb shell am instrument -w \
-e class com.android.demo.app.tests.UnitTests,com.android.demo.app.tests.FunctionTests#testCamera \
com.android.demo.app.tests/android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner
</pre>
<p>
    You can find more examples of the command in the documentation for
    {@link android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner}.
</p>