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* Merge branch 'for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2008-12-301-0/+1
|\ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/penberg/slab-2.6 * 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/penberg/slab-2.6: slub: avoid leaking caches or refcounts on sysfs error slab: Fix comment on #endif slab: remove GFP_THISNODE clearing from alloc_slabmgmt() slub: Add might_sleep_if() to slab_alloc() SLUB: failslab support slub: Fix incorrect use of loose slab: Update the kmem_cache_create documentation regarding the name parameter slub: make early_kmem_cache_node_alloc void slab: unsigned slabp->inuse cannot be less than 0 slub - fix get_object_page comment SLUB: Replace __builtin_return_address(0) with _RET_IP_. SLUB: cleanup - define macros instead of hardcoded numbers
| * SLUB: failslab supportAkinobu Mita2008-12-291-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Currently fault-injection capability for SLAB allocator is only available to SLAB. This patch makes it available to SLUB, too. [penberg@cs.helsinki.fi: unify slab and slub implementations] Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com> Signed-off-by: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
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*---. \ Merge branches 'core/debugobjects', 'core/iommu', 'core/locking', ↵Ingo Molnar2008-12-251-0/+21
|\ \ \ \ | | | |/ | | |/| | | | | 'core/printk', 'core/rcu', 'core/resources', 'core/softirq' and 'core/stacktrace' into core/core
| | | * "Tree RCU": scalable classic RCU implementationPaul E. McKenney2008-12-181-0/+13
| | |/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This patch fixes a long-standing performance bug in classic RCU that results in massive internal-to-RCU lock contention on systems with more than a few hundred CPUs. Although this patch creates a separate flavor of RCU for ease of review and patch maintenance, it is intended to replace classic RCU. This patch still handles stress better than does mainline, so I am still calling it ready for inclusion. This patch is against the -tip tree. Nevertheless, experience on an actual 1000+ CPU machine would still be most welcome. Most of the changes noted below were found while creating an rcutiny (which should permit ejecting the current rcuclassic) and while doing detailed line-by-line documentation. Updates from v9 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/12/2/334): o Fixes from remainder of line-by-line code walkthrough, including comment spelling, initialization, undesirable narrowing due to type conversion, removing redundant memory barriers, removing redundant local-variable initialization, and removing redundant local variables. I do not believe that any of these fixes address the CPU-hotplug issues that Andi Kleen was seeing, but please do give it a whirl in case the machine is smarter than I am. A writeup from the walkthrough may be found at the following URL, in case you are suffering from terminal insomnia or masochism: http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/paulmck/tmp/rcutree-walkthrough.2008.12.16a.pdf o Made rcutree tracing use seq_file, as suggested some time ago by Lai Jiangshan. o Added a .csv variant of the rcudata debugfs trace file, to allow people having thousands of CPUs to drop the data into a spreadsheet. Tested with oocalc and gnumeric. Updated documentation to suit. Updates from v8 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/11/15/139): o Fix a theoretical race between grace-period initialization and force_quiescent_state() that could occur if more than three jiffies were required to carry out the grace-period initialization. Which it might, if you had enough CPUs. o Apply Ingo's printk-standardization patch. o Substitute local variables for repeated accesses to global variables. o Fix comment misspellings and redundant (but harmless) increments of ->n_rcu_pending (this latter after having explicitly added it). o Apply checkpatch fixes. Updates from v7 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/10/10/291): o Fixed a number of problems noted by Gautham Shenoy, including the cpu-stall-detection bug that he was having difficulty convincing me was real. ;-) o Changed cpu-stall detection to wait for ten seconds rather than three in order to reduce false positive, as suggested by Ingo Molnar. o Produced a design document (http://lwn.net/Articles/305782/). The act of writing this document uncovered a number of both theoretical and "here and now" bugs as noted below. o Fix dynticks_nesting accounting confusion, simplify WARN_ON() condition, fix kerneldoc comments, and add memory barriers in dynticks interface functions. o Add more data to tracing. o Remove unused "rcu_barrier" field from rcu_data structure. o Count calls to rcu_pending() from scheduling-clock interrupt to use as a surrogate timebase should jiffies stop counting. o Fix a theoretical race between force_quiescent_state() and grace-period initialization. Yes, initialization does have to go on for some jiffies for this race to occur, but given enough CPUs... Updates from v6 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/9/23/448): o Fix a number of checkpatch.pl complaints. o Apply review comments from Ingo Molnar and Lai Jiangshan on the stall-detection code. o Fix several bugs in !CONFIG_SMP builds. o Fix a misspelled config-parameter name so that RCU now announces at boot time if stall detection is configured. o Run tests on numerous combinations of configurations parameters, which after the fixes above, now build and run correctly. Updates from v5 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/9/15/92, bad subject line): o Fix a compiler error in the !CONFIG_FANOUT_EXACT case (blew a changeset some time ago, and finally got around to retesting this option). o Fix some tracing bugs in rcupreempt that caused incorrect totals to be printed. o I now test with a more brutal random-selection online/offline script (attached). Probably more brutal than it needs to be on the people reading it as well, but so it goes. o A number of optimizations and usability improvements: o Make rcu_pending() ignore the grace-period timeout when there is no grace period in progress. o Make force_quiescent_state() avoid going for a global lock in the case where there is no grace period in progress. o Rearrange struct fields to improve struct layout. o Make call_rcu() initiate a grace period if RCU was idle, rather than waiting for the next scheduling clock interrupt. o Invoke rcu_irq_enter() and rcu_irq_exit() only when idle, as suggested by Andi Kleen. I still don't completely trust this change, and might back it out. o Make CONFIG_RCU_TRACE be the single config variable manipulated for all forms of RCU, instead of the prior confusion. o Document tracing files and formats for both rcupreempt and rcutree. Updates from v4 for those missing v5 given its bad subject line: o Separated dynticks interface so that NMIs and irqs call separate functions, greatly simplifying it. In particular, this code no longer requires a proof of correctness. ;-) o Separated dynticks state out into its own per-CPU structure, avoiding the duplicated accounting. o The case where a dynticks-idle CPU runs an irq handler that invokes call_rcu() is now correctly handled, forcing that CPU out of dynticks-idle mode. o Review comments have been applied (thank you all!!!). For but one example, fixed the dynticks-ordering issue that Manfred pointed out, saving me much debugging. ;-) o Adjusted rcuclassic and rcupreempt to handle dynticks changes. Attached is an updated patch to Classic RCU that applies a hierarchy, greatly reducing the contention on the top-level lock for large machines. This passes 10-hour concurrent rcutorture and online-offline testing on 128-CPU ppc64 without dynticks enabled, and exposes some timekeeping bugs in presence of dynticks (exciting working on a system where "sleep 1" hangs until interrupted...), which were fixed in the 2.6.27 kernel. It is getting more reliable than mainline by some measures, so the next version will be against -tip for inclusion. See also Manfred Spraul's recent patches (or his earlier work from 2004 at http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=108546384711797&w=2). We will converge onto a common patch in the fullness of time, but are currently exploring different regions of the design space. That said, I have already gratefully stolen quite a few of Manfred's ideas. This patch provides CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT, which controls the bushiness of the RCU hierarchy. Defaults to 32 on 32-bit machines and 64 on 64-bit machines. If CONFIG_NR_CPUS is less than CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT, there is no hierarchy. By default, the RCU initialization code will adjust CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT to balance the hierarchy, so strongly NUMA architectures may choose to set CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT_EXACT to disable this balancing, allowing the hierarchy to be exactly aligned to the underlying hardware. Up to two levels of hierarchy are permitted (in addition to the root node), allowing up to 16,384 CPUs on 32-bit systems and up to 262,144 CPUs on 64-bit systems. I just know that I am going to regret saying this, but this seems more than sufficient for the foreseeable future. (Some architectures might wish to set CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT=4, which would limit such architectures to 64 CPUs. If this becomes a real problem, additional levels can be added, but I doubt that it will make a significant difference on real hardware.) In the common case, a given CPU will manipulate its private rcu_data structure and the rcu_node structure that it shares with its immediate neighbors. This can reduce both lock and memory contention by multiple orders of magnitude, which should eliminate the need for the strange manipulations that are reported to be required when running Linux on very large systems. Some shortcomings: o More bugs will probably surface as a result of an ongoing line-by-line code inspection. Patches will be provided as required. o There are probably hangs, rcutorture failures, &c. Seems quite stable on a 128-CPU machine, but that is kind of small compared to 4096 CPUs. However, seems to do better than mainline. Patches will be provided as required. o The memory footprint of this version is several KB larger than rcuclassic. A separate UP-only rcutiny patch will be provided, which will reduce the memory footprint significantly, even compared to the old rcuclassic. One such patch passes light testing, and has a memory footprint smaller even than rcuclassic. Initial reaction from various embedded guys was "it is not worth it", so am putting it aside. Credits: o Manfred Spraul for ideas, review comments, and bugs spotted, as well as some good friendly competition. ;-) o Josh Triplett, Ingo Molnar, Peter Zijlstra, Mathieu Desnoyers, Lai Jiangshan, Andi Kleen, Andy Whitcroft, and Andrew Morton for reviews and comments. o Thomas Gleixner for much-needed help with some timer issues (see patches below). o Jon M. Tollefson, Tim Pepper, Andrew Theurer, Jose R. Santos, Andy Whitcroft, Darrick Wong, Nishanth Aravamudan, Anton Blanchard, Dave Kleikamp, and Nathan Lynch for keeping machines alive despite my heavy abuse^Wtesting. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
| * | debugobjects: add boot parameter default valueIngo Molnar2008-11-261-0/+8
| |/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Impact: add .config driven boot parameter default value Right now debugobjects can only be activated if the debug_objects boot parameter is passed in via the boot command line. Make this more convenient (and randomizable) by also providing a .config method. Enable it by default. (DEBUG_OBJECTS itself is default-off) Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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*-. \ Merge branches 'core/debug', 'core/futexes', 'core/locking', 'core/rcu', ↵Ingo Molnar2008-11-241-0/+10
|\ \ \ | |_|/ |/| | | | | 'core/signal', 'core/urgent' and 'core/xen' into core/core
| * | Merge branch 'linus' into core/debugIngo Molnar2008-09-101-3/+3
| |\ \ | | |/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Conflicts: lib/vsprintf.c Manual merge: include/linux/kernel.h Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
| * | debug: add notifier chain debuggingArjan van de Ven2008-09-101-0/+10
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | during some development we suspected a case where we left something in a notifier chain that was from a module that was unloaded already... and that sort of thing is rather hard to track down. This patch adds a very simple sanity check (which isn't all that expensive) to make sure the notifier we're about to call is actually from either the kernel itself of from a still-loaded module, avoiding a hard-to-chase-down crash. Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* | | block: add BIG FAT WARNING to CONFIG_DEBUG_BLOCK_EXT_DEVTTejun Heo2008-10-171-0/+5
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CONFIG_DEBUG_BLOCK_EXT_DEVT can break booting even on some modern distros. Add BIG FAT WARNING to keep people at a safe distance. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
* | | driver core: basic infrastructure for per-module dynamic debug messagesJason Baron2008-10-161-0/+55
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Base infrastructure to enable per-module debug messages. I've introduced CONFIG_DYNAMIC_PRINTK_DEBUG, which when enabled centralizes control of debugging statements on a per-module basis in one /proc file, currently, <debugfs>/dynamic_printk/modules. When, CONFIG_DYNAMIC_PRINTK_DEBUG, is not set, debugging statements can still be enabled as before, often by defining 'DEBUG' for the proper compilation unit. Thus, this patch set has no affect when CONFIG_DYNAMIC_PRINTK_DEBUG is not set. The infrastructure currently ties into all pr_debug() and dev_dbg() calls. That is, if CONFIG_DYNAMIC_PRINTK_DEBUG is set, all pr_debug() and dev_dbg() calls can be dynamically enabled/disabled on a per-module basis. Future plans include extending this functionality to subsystems, that define their own debug levels and flags. Usage: Dynamic debugging is controlled by the debugfs file, <debugfs>/dynamic_printk/modules. This file contains a list of the modules that can be enabled. The format of the file is as follows: <module_name> <enabled=0/1> . . . <module_name> : Name of the module in which the debug call resides <enabled=0/1> : whether the messages are enabled or not For example: snd_hda_intel enabled=0 fixup enabled=1 driver enabled=0 Enable a module: $echo "set enabled=1 <module_name>" > dynamic_printk/modules Disable a module: $echo "set enabled=0 <module_name>" > dynamic_printk/modules Enable all modules: $echo "set enabled=1 all" > dynamic_printk/modules Disable all modules: $echo "set enabled=0 all" > dynamic_printk/modules Finally, passing "dynamic_printk" at the command line enables debugging for all modules. This mode can be turned off via the above disable command. [gkh: minor cleanups and tweaks to make the build work quietly] Signed-off-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
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*---. \ \ Merge branches 'x86/xen', 'x86/build', 'x86/microcode', 'x86/mm-debug-v2', ↵Ingo Molnar2008-10-121-0/+9
|\ \ \ \ \ | | |_|_|/ | |/| | | | | | | | 'x86/memory-corruption-check', 'x86/early-printk', 'x86/xsave', 'x86/ptrace-v2', 'x86/quirks', 'x86/setup', 'x86/spinlocks' and 'x86/signal' into x86/core-v2
| | * | | MM: virtual address debugJiri Slaby2008-06-191-0/+9
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Add some (configurable) expensive sanity checking to catch wrong address translations on x86. - create linux/mmdebug.h file to be able include this file in asm headers to not get unsolvable loops in header files - __phys_addr on x86_32 became a function in ioremap.c since PAGE_OFFSET, is_vmalloc_addr and VMALLOC_* non-constasts are undefined if declared in page_32.h - add __phys_addr_const for initializing doublefault_tss.__cr3 Tested on 386, 386pae, x86_64 and x86_64 numa=fake=2. Contains Andi's enable numa virtual address debug patch. Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* | | | | Merge branch 'rcu-v28-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2008-10-101-0/+13
|\ \ \ \ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip * 'rcu-v28-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (21 commits) rcu: RCU-based detection of stalled CPUs for Classic RCU, fix rcu: RCU-based detection of stalled CPUs for Classic RCU rcu: add rcu_read_lock_sched() / rcu_read_unlock_sched() rcu: fix sparse shadowed variable warning doc/RCU: fix pseudocode in rcuref.txt rcuclassic: fix compiler warning rcu: use irq-safe locks rcuclassic: fix compilation NG rcu: fix locking cleanup fallout rcu: remove redundant ACCESS_ONCE definition from rcupreempt.c rcu: fix classic RCU locking cleanup lockdep problem rcu: trace fix possible mem-leak rcu: just rename call_rcu_bh instead of making it a macro rcu: remove list_for_each_rcu() rcu: fixes to include/linux/rcupreempt.h rcu: classic RCU locking and memory-barrier cleanups rcu: prevent console flood when one CPU sees another AWOL via RCU rcu, debug: detect stalled grace periods, cleanups rcu, debug: detect stalled grace periods rcu classic: new algorithm for callbacks-processing(v2) ...
| * | | | | rcu: RCU-based detection of stalled CPUs for Classic RCUPaul E. McKenney2008-10-031-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This patch adds stalled-CPU detection to Classic RCU. This capability is enabled by a new config variable CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_DETECTOR, which defaults disabled. This is a debugging feature to detect infinite loops in kernel code, not something that non-kernel-hackers would be expected to care about. This feature can detect looping CPUs in !PREEMPT builds and looping CPUs with preemption disabled in PREEMPT builds. This is essentially a port of this functionality from the treercu patch, replacing the stall debug patch that is already in tip/core/rcu (commit 67182ae1c4). The changes from the patch in tip/core/rcu include making the config variable name match that in treercu, changing from seconds to jiffies to avoid spurious warnings, and printing a boot message when this feature is enabled. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
| * | | | | Merge commit 'v2.6.27-rc6' into core/rcuIngo Molnar2008-09-101-3/+20
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| * | | | | rcu, debug: detect stalled grace periodsPaul E. McKenney2008-08-111-0/+13
| | |_|/ / | |/| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | this is a diagnostic patch for Classic RCU. The approach is to record a timestamp at the beginning of the grace period (in rcu_start_batch()), then have rcu_check_callbacks() complain if: 1. it is running on a CPU that has holding up grace periods for a long time (say one second). This will identify the culprit assuming that the culprit has not disabled hardware irqs, instruction execution, or some such. 2. it is running on a CPU that is not holding up grace periods, but grace periods have been held up for an even longer time (say two seconds). It is enabled via the default-off CONFIG_DEBUG_RCU_STALL kernel parameter. Rather than exponential backoff, it backs off to once per 30 seconds. My feeling upon thinking on it was that if you have stalled RCU grace periods for that long, a few extra printk() messages are probably the least of your worries... Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com> Cc: David Witbrodt <dawitbro@sbcglobal.net> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* | | | | block: add fault injection mechanism for faking request timeoutsJens Axboe2008-10-091-1/+12
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Only works for the generic request timer handling. Allows one to sporadically ignore request completions, thus exercising the timeout handling. Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
* | | | | init: DEBUG_BLOCK_EXT_DEVT requires explicit root= paramTejun Heo2008-10-091-0/+6
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | DEBUG_BLOCK_EXT_DEVT shuffles SCSI and IDE device numbers and root device number set using rdev become meaningless. Root devices should be explicitly specified using textual names. Warn about it if root can't be found and DEBUG_BLOCK_EXT_DEVT is enabled. Also, add warning to the help text. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <bzolnier@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
* | | | | Change default value of CONFIG_DEBUG_BLOCK_EXT_DEVT to 'n'Jens Axboe2008-10-091-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | It's a debug option that you would explicitly enable to test this feature, we should default it to 'n' to prevent accidental surprises for now. Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
* | | | | block: implement CONFIG_DEBUG_BLOCK_EXT_DEVTTejun Heo2008-10-091-0/+16
| |/ / / |/| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Extended devt introduces non-contiguos device numbers. This patch implements a debug option which forces most devt allocations to be from the extended area and spreads them out. This is enabled by default if DEBUG_KERNEL is set and achieves... 1. Detects code paths in kernel or userland which expect predetermined consecutive device numbers. 2. When something goes wrong, avoid corruption as adding to the minor of earlier partition won't lead to the wrong but valid device. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
* | | | powerpc: Work around gcc's -fno-omit-frame-pointer bugTony Breeds2008-09-031-3/+3
| |_|/ |/| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This bug is causing random crashes (http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=11414). -fno-omit-frame-pointer is only needed on powerpc when -pg is also supplied, and there is a gcc bug that causes incorrect code generation on 32-bit powerpc when -fno-omit-frame-pointer is used---it uses stack locations below the stack pointer, which is not allowed by the ABI because those locations can and sometimes do get corrupted by an interrupt. This ensures that CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER is only selected by ftrace. When CONFIG_FTRACE is enabled we also pass -mno-sched-epilog to work around the gcc codegen bug. Patch based on work by: Andreas Schwab <schwab@suse.de> Segher Boessenkool <segher@kernel.crashing.org> Signed-off-by: Tony Breeds <tony@bakeyournoodle.com> Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
* | | Move sysctl check into debugging section and don't make it default yAndi Kleen2008-08-161-0/+8
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | I noticed that sysctl_check.o was the largest object file in a allnoconfig build in kernel/*. 36243 0 0 36243 8d93 kernel/sysctl_check.o This is because it was default y and && EMBEDDED. But I don't really see a need for a non kernel developer to have their sysctls checked all the time. So move the Kconfig into the kernel debugging section and also drop the default y and the EMBEDDED check. Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* | | docsrc: build Documentation/ sourcesRandy Dunlap2008-08-121-0/+9
|/ / | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Currently source files in the Documentation/ sub-dir can easily bit-rot since they are not generally buildable, either because they are hidden in text files or because there are no Makefile rules for them. This needs to be fixed so that the source files remain usable and good examples of code instead of bad examples. Add the ability to build source files that are in the Documentation/ dir. Add to Kconfig as "BUILD_DOCSRC" config symbol. Use "CONFIG_BUILD_DOCSRC=1 make ..." to build objects from the Documentation/ sources. Or enable BUILD_DOCSRC in the *config system. However, this symbol depends on HEADERS_CHECK since the header files need to be installed (for userspace builds). Built (using cross-tools) for x86-64, i386, alpha, ia64, sparc32, sparc64, powerpc, sh, m68k, & mips. Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* | mm: add a basic debugging framework for memory initialisationMel Gorman2008-07-241-0/+12
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Boot initialisation is very complex, with significant numbers of architecture-specific routines, hooks and code ordering. While significant amounts of the initialisation is architecture-independent, it trusts the data received from the architecture layer. This is a mistake, and has resulted in a number of difficult-to-diagnose bugs. This patchset adds some validation and tracing to memory initialisation. It also introduces a few basic defensive measures. The validation code can be explicitly disabled for embedded systems. This patch: Add additional debugging and verification code for memory initialisation. Once enabled, the verification checks are always run and when required additional debugging information may be outputted via a mminit_loglevel= command-line parameter. The verification code is placed in a new file mm/mm_init.c. Ideally other mm initialisation code will be moved here over time. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* | Merge branch 'core/softlockup-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2008-07-231-1/+25
|\ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip * 'core/softlockup-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: softlockup: fix invalid proc_handler for softlockup_panic softlockup: fix watchdog task wakeup frequency softlockup: fix watchdog task wakeup frequency softlockup: show irqtrace softlockup: print a module list on being stuck softlockup: fix NMI hangs due to lock race - 2.6.26-rc regression softlockup: fix false positives on nohz if CPU is 100% idle for more than 60 seconds softlockup: fix softlockup_thresh fix softlockup: fix softlockup_thresh unaligned access and disable detection at runtime softlockup: allow panic on lockup
| * \ Merge branch 'linus' into core/softlockupIngo Molnar2008-07-151-1/+5
| |\ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Conflicts: kernel/softlockup.c Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
| * | | softlockup: allow panic on lockupIngo Molnar2008-05-251-1/+25
| | |/ | |/| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | allow users to configure the softlockup detector to generate a panic instead of a warning message. high-availability systems might opt for this strict method (combined with panic_timeout= boot option/sysctl), instead of generating softlockup warnings ad infinitum. also, automated tests work better if the system reboots reliably (into a safe kernel) in case of a lockup. The full spectrum of configurability is supported: boot option, sysctl option and Kconfig option. it's default-disabled. Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
* | | debugfs: Add a reference to the debugfs API documentation.Robert P. J. Day2008-07-211-0/+3
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Signed-off-by: Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@crashcourse.ca> Cc: Jesper Juhl <jesper.juhl@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
* | | Merge branch 'core/rcu' into core/rcu-for-linusIngo Molnar2008-07-151-1/+19
|\ \ \ | |_|/ |/| |
| * | rcu: make rcutorture more vicious: reinstate boot-time testingPaul E. McKenney2008-06-191-2/+19
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This patch re-institutes the ability to build rcutorture directly into the Linux kernel. The reason that this capability was removed was that this could result in your kernel being pretty much useless, as rcutorture would be running starting from early boot. This problem has been avoided by (1) making rcutorture run only three seconds of every six by default, (2) adding a CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_RUNNABLE that permits rcutorture to be quiesced at boot time, and (3) adding a sysctl in /proc named /proc/sys/kernel/rcutorture_runnable that permits rcutorture to be quiesced and unquiesced when built into the kernel. Please note that this /proc file is -not- available when rcutorture is built as a module. Please also note that to get the earlier take-no-prisoners behavior, you must use the boot command line to set rcutorture's "stutter" parameter to zero. The rcutorture quiescing mechanism is currently quite crude: loops in each rcutorture process that poll a global variable once per tick. Suggestions for improvement are welcome. The default action will be to reduce the polling rate to a few times per second. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Suggested-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
| * | Revert "prohibit rcutorture from being compiled into the kernel"Ingo Molnar2008-06-161-1/+2
| |/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This reverts commit 9aaffc898ff4a3df18c5fc4b9e0fa47e779ad726. That commit was a very bad idea. RCU_TORTURE found many boot timing bugs and other sorts of bugs in the past, so excluding it from boot images is very silly. The option already depends on DEBUG_KERNEL and is disabled by default. Even when it runs, the test threads are reniced. If it annoys people we could add a runtime sysctl.
* | Merge branch 'core/stacktrace' of ↵Linus Torvalds2008-07-151-1/+3
|\ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip * 'core/stacktrace' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: generic-ipi: powerpc/generic-ipi tree build failure stacktrace: fix build failure on sparc64 stacktrace: export save_stack_trace[_tsk] stacktrace: fix modular build, export print_stack_trace and save_stack_trace backtrace: replace timer with tasklet + completions stacktrace: add saved stack traces to backtrace self-test stacktrace: print_stack_trace() cleanup debugging: make stacktrace independent from DEBUG_KERNEL stacktrace: don't crash on invalid stack trace structs
| * | stacktrace: add saved stack traces to backtrace self-testVegard Nossum2008-06-271-0/+3
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This patch adds saved stack-traces to the backtrace suite of self-tests. Note that we don't depend on or unconditionally enable CONFIG_STACKTRACE because not all architectures may have it (and we still want to enable the other tests for those architectures). Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@gmail.com> Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
| * | debugging: make stacktrace independent from DEBUG_KERNELIngo Molnar2008-05-251-1/+0
| |/ | | | | | | | | Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
* | ftrace: add basic support for gcc profiler instrumentationArnaldo Carvalho de Melo2008-05-231-0/+2
|/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | If CONFIG_FTRACE is selected and /proc/sys/kernel/ftrace_enabled is set to a non-zero value the ftrace routine will be called everytime we enter a kernel function that is not marked with the "notrace" attribute. The ftrace routine will then call a registered function if a function happens to be registered. [ This code has been highly hacked by Steven Rostedt and Ingo Molnar, so don't blame Arnaldo for all of this ;-) ] Update: It is now possible to register more than one ftrace function. If only one ftrace function is registered, that will be the function that ftrace calls directly. If more than one function is registered, then ftrace will call a function that will loop through the functions to call. Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@ghostprotocols.net> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
* debugobjects: add timer specific object debugging codeThomas Gleixner2008-04-301-0/+8
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Add calls to the generic object debugging infrastructure and provide fixup functions which allow to keep the system alive when recoverable problems have been detected by the object debugging core code. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objectsThomas Gleixner2008-04-301-0/+23
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* Add option to enable -Wframe-larger-than= on gcc 4.4Andi Kleen2008-04-251-0/+11
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Add option to enable -Wframe-larger-than= on gcc 4.4 gcc mainline (upcoming 4.4) added a new -Wframe-larger-than=... option to warn at build time about too large stack frames. Add a config option to enable this warning, since this very useful for the kernel. I choose (somewhat arbitarily) 2048 as default warning threshold for 64bit and 1024 as default for 32bit architectures. With some research and fixing all the code for smaller values these defaults should be probably lowered. With the default allyesconfigs have some new warnings, but I think that is all code that should be just fixed. At some point (when gcc 4.4 is released and widely used) this should obsolete make checkstack Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
* [PATCH] r/o bind mounts: debugging for missed callsDave Hansen2008-04-191-0/+10
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | There have been a few oopses caused by 'struct file's with NULL f_vfsmnts. There was also a set of potentially missed mnt_want_write()s from dentry_open() calls. This patch provides a very simple debugging framework to catch these kinds of bugs. It will WARN_ON() them, but should stop us from having any oopses or mnt_writer count imbalances. I'm quite convinced that this is a good thing because it found bugs in the stuff I was working on as soon as I wrote it. [hch: made it conditional on a debug option. But it's still a little bit too ugly] [hch: merged forced remount r/o fix from Dave and akpm's fix for the fix] Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com> Acked-by: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
* Merge branch 'for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2008-04-181-1/+12
|\ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ieee1394/linux1394-2.6 * 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ieee1394/linux1394-2.6: (43 commits) firewire: cleanups firewire: fix synchronization of gap counts firewire: wait until PHY configuration packet was transmitted (fix bus reset loop) firewire: remove unused struct member firewire: use bitwise and to get reg in handle_registers firewire: replace more hex values with defined csr constants firewire: reread config ROM when device reset the bus firewire: replace static ROM cache by allocated cache firewire: fw-ohci: work around generation bug in TI controllers (fix AV/C and more) firewire: fw-ohci: extend logging of bus generations and node ID firewire: fw-ohci: conditionally log busReset interrupts firewire: fw-ohci: don't append to AT context when it's not active firewire: fw-ohci: log regAccessFail events firewire: fw-ohci: make sure HCControl register LPS bit is set firewire: fw-ohci: missing PPC PMac feature calls in failure path firewire: fw-ohci: untangle a mixed unsigned/signed expression firewire: debug interrupt events firewire: fw-ohci: catch self_id_count == 0 firewire: fw-ohci: add self ID error check firewire: fw-ohci: refactor probe, remove, suspend, resume ...
| * firewire: fw-ohci: add option for remote debuggingStefan Richter2008-04-181-1/+12
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This way firewire-ohci can be used for remote debugging like ohci1394. Version with amendment from Fri, 11 Apr 2008 00:08:08 +0200. Signed-off-by: Stefan Richter <stefanr@s5r6.in-berlin.de> Acked-by: Bernhard Kaindl <bk@suse.de>
* | Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mingo/linux-2.6-kgdbLinus Torvalds2008-04-181-0/+2
|\ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | * git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mingo/linux-2.6-kgdb: kgdb: always use icache flush for sw breakpoints kgdb: fix SMP NMI kgdb_handle_exception exit race kgdb: documentation fixes kgdb: allow static kgdbts boot configuration kgdb: add documentation kgdb: Kconfig fix kgdb: add kgdb internal test suite kgdb: fix several kgdb regressions kgdb: kgdboc pl011 I/O module kgdb: fix optional arch functions and probe_kernel_* kgdb: add x86 HW breakpoints kgdb: print breakpoint removed on exception kgdb: clocksource watchdog kgdb: fix NMI hangs kgdb: fix kgdboc dynamic module configuration kgdb: document parameters x86: kgdb support consoles: polling support, kgdboc kgdb: core uaccess: add probe_kernel_write()
| * | kgdb: coreJason Wessel2008-04-171-0/+2
| |/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kgdb core code. Handles the protocol and the arch details. [ mingo@elte.hu: heavily modified, simplified and cleaned up. ] [ xemul@openvz.org: use find_task_by_pid_ns ] Signed-off-by: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@web.de> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
* | Merge branch 'semaphore' of ↵Linus Torvalds2008-04-181-10/+0
|\ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/willy/misc * 'semaphore' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/willy/misc: Remove DEBUG_SEMAPHORE from Kconfig Improve semaphore documentation Simplify semaphore implementation Add down_timeout and change ACPI to use it Introduce down_killable() Generic semaphore implementation Add semaphore.h to kernel_lock.c Fix quota.h includes
| * | Remove DEBUG_SEMAPHORE from KconfigMatthew Wilcox2008-04-171-10/+0
| |/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Alpha and FRV mutexes had an option to print lots of debugging messages in their semaphore implementation. This feature has not been carried over to the generic semaphores, so remove the stale Kconfig option. Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
* | slub: Deal with config variable dependenciesChristoph Lameter2008-04-141-1/+1
|/ | | | | | | | | | | | | count_partial() is used by both slabinfo and the sysfs proc support. Move the function directly before the beginning of the sysfs code so that it can be easily found. Rework the preprocessor conditional to take into account that slub sysfs support depends on CONFIG_SYSFS *and* CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG. Make CONFIG_SLUB_STATS depend on CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG and CONFIG_SYSFS. There is no point of keeping statistics if no one can restrive them. Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
* make LKDTM depend on BLOCKChris Snook2008-02-231-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | Make LKDTM depend on BLOCK to prevent build failures with certain configs. Signed-off-by: Chris Snook <csnook@redhat.com> Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* kbuild: explain why DEBUG_SECTION_MISMATCH is UNDEFINEDSam Ravnborg2008-02-151-0/+3
| | | | | | | We started to see patches enabling this - so explain why it is disabled and the condition to enable it again. Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
* x86, core: remove CONFIG_FORCED_INLININGHarvey Harrison2008-02-091-14/+0
| | | | | | | | | Other than the defconfigs, remove the entry in compiler-gcc4.h, Kconfig.debug and feature-removal-schedule.txt. Signed-off-by: Harvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
* mn10300: add the MN10300/AM33 architecture to the kernelDavid Howells2008-02-081-2/+5
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Add architecture support for the MN10300/AM33 CPUs produced by MEI to the kernel. This patch also adds board support for the ASB2303 with the ASB2308 daughter board, and the ASB2305. The only processor supported is the MN103E010, which is an AM33v2 core plus on-chip devices. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: nuke cvs control strings] Signed-off-by: Masakazu Urade <urade.masakazu@jp.panasonic.com> Signed-off-by: Koichi Yasutake <yasutake.koichi@jp.panasonic.com> Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
generated by cgit v1.1 at 2024-12-25 02:35:11 +0000