initial import of bash 4.1

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+6.11 Bash POSIX Mode
+====================
+
+Starting Bash with the `--posix' command-line option or executing `set
+-o posix' while Bash is running will cause Bash to conform more closely
+to the POSIX standard by changing the behavior to match that specified
+by POSIX in areas where the Bash default differs.
+
+When invoked as `sh', Bash enters POSIX mode after reading the startup
+files.
+
+The following list is what's changed when `POSIX mode' is in effect:
+
+  1. When a command in the hash table no longer exists, Bash will
+     re-search `$PATH' to find the new location.  This is also
+     available with `shopt -s checkhash'.
+
+  2. The message printed by the job control code and builtins when a job
+     exits with a non-zero status is `Done(status)'.
+
+  3. The message printed by the job control code and builtins when a job
+     is stopped is `Stopped(SIGNAME)', where SIGNAME is, for example,
+     `SIGTSTP'.
+
+  4. The `bg' builtin uses the required format to describe each job
+     placed in the background, which does not include an indication of
+     whether the job is the current or previous job.
+
+  5. Reserved words appearing in a context where reserved words are
+     recognized do not undergo alias expansion.
+
+  6. The POSIX `PS1' and `PS2' expansions of `!' to the history number
+     and `!!' to `!' are enabled, and parameter expansion is performed
+     on the values of `PS1' and `PS2' regardless of the setting of the
+     `promptvars' option.
+
+  7. The POSIX startup files are executed (`$ENV') rather than the
+     normal Bash files.
+
+  8. Tilde expansion is only performed on assignments preceding a
+     command name, rather than on all assignment statements on the line.
+
+  9. The default history file is `~/.sh_history' (this is the default
+     value of `$HISTFILE').
+
+ 10. The output of `kill -l' prints all the signal names on a single
+     line, separated by spaces, without the `SIG' prefix.
+
+ 11. The `kill' builtin does not accept signal names with a `SIG'
+     prefix.
+
+ 12. Non-interactive shells exit if FILENAME in `.' FILENAME is not
+     found.
+
+ 13. Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic
+     expansion results in an invalid expression.
+
+ 14. Redirection operators do not perform filename expansion on the word
+     in the redirection unless the shell is interactive.
+
+ 15. Redirection operators do not perform word splitting on the word in
+     the redirection.
+
+ 16. Function names must be valid shell `name's.  That is, they may not
+     contain characters other than letters, digits, and underscores, and
+     may not start with a digit.  Declaring a function with an invalid
+     name causes a fatal syntax error in non-interactive shells.
+
+ 17. POSIX special builtins are found before shell functions during
+     command lookup.
+
+ 18. If a POSIX special builtin returns an error status, a
+     non-interactive shell exits.  The fatal errors are those listed in
+     the POSIX standard, and include things like passing incorrect
+     options, redirection errors, variable assignment errors for
+     assignments preceding the command name, and so on.
+
+ 19. If `CDPATH' is set, the `cd' builtin will not implicitly append
+     the current directory to it.  This means that `cd' will fail if no
+     valid directory name can be constructed from any of the entries in
+     `$CDPATH', even if the a directory with the same name as the name
+     given as an argument to `cd' exists in the current directory.
+
+ 20. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable
+     assignment error occurs when no command name follows the assignment
+     statements.  A variable assignment error occurs, for example, when
+     trying to assign a value to a readonly variable.
+
+ 21. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the iteration
+     variable in a `for' statement or the selection variable in a
+     `select' statement is a readonly variable.
+
+ 22. Process substitution is not available.
+
+ 23. Assignment statements preceding POSIX special builtins persist in
+     the shell environment after the builtin completes.
+
+ 24. Assignment statements preceding shell function calls persist in the
+     shell environment after the function returns, as if a POSIX
+     special builtin command had been executed.
+
+ 25. The `export' and `readonly' builtin commands display their output
+     in the format required by POSIX.
+
+ 26. The `trap' builtin displays signal names without the leading `SIG'.
+
+ 27. The `trap' builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible
+     signal specification and revert the signal handling to the original
+     disposition if it is, unless that argument consists solely of
+     digits and is a valid signal number.  If users want to reset the
+     handler for a given signal to the original disposition, they
+     should use `-' as the first argument.
+
+ 28. The `.' and `source' builtins do not search the current directory
+     for the filename argument if it is not found by searching `PATH'.
+
+ 29. Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the
+     value of the `-e' option from the parent shell.  When not in POSIX
+     mode, Bash clears the `-e' option in such subshells.
+
+ 30. Alias expansion is always enabled, even in non-interactive shells.
+
+ 31. When the `alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not
+     display them with a leading `alias ' unless the `-p' option is
+     supplied.
+
+ 32. When the `set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not
+     display shell function names and definitions.
+
+ 33. When the `set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays
+     variable values without quotes, unless they contain shell
+     metacharacters, even if the result contains nonprinting characters.
+
+ 34. When the `cd' builtin is invoked in LOGICAL mode, and the pathname
+     constructed from `$PWD' and the directory name supplied as an
+     argument does not refer to an existing directory, `cd' will fail
+     instead of falling back to PHYSICAL mode.
+
+ 35. When the `pwd' builtin is supplied the `-P' option, it resets
+     `$PWD' to a pathname containing no symlinks.
+
+ 36. The `pwd' builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as
+     the current directory, even if it is not asked to check the file
+     system with the `-P' option.
+
+ 37. When listing the history, the `fc' builtin does not include an
+     indication of whether or not a history entry has been modified.
+
+ 38. The default editor used by `fc' is `ed'.
+
+ 39. The `type' and `command' builtins will not report a non-executable
+     file as having been found, though the shell will attempt to
+     execute such a file if it is the only so-named file found in
+     `$PATH'.
+
+ 40. The `vi' editing mode will invoke the `vi' editor directly when
+     the `v' command is run, instead of checking `$VISUAL' and
+     `$EDITOR'.
+
+ 41. When the `xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to
+     interpret any arguments to `echo' as options.  Each argument is
+     displayed, after escape characters are converted.
+
+ 42. The `ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the `-c'
+     and `-f' options.
+
+ 43. The arrival of `SIGCHLD'  when a trap is set on `SIGCHLD' does not
+     interrupt the `wait' builtin and cause it to return immediately.
+     The trap command is run once for each child that exits.
+
+
+There is other POSIX behavior that Bash does not implement by default
+even when in POSIX mode.  Specifically:
+
+  1. The `fc' builtin checks `$EDITOR' as a program to edit history
+     entries if `FCEDIT' is unset, rather than defaulting directly to
+     `ed'.  `fc' uses `ed' if `EDITOR' is unset.
+
+  2. As noted above, Bash requires the `xpg_echo' option to be enabled
+     for the `echo' builtin to be fully conformant.
+
+
+Bash can be configured to be POSIX-conformant by default, by specifying
+the `--enable-strict-posix-default' to `configure' when building (*note
+Optional Features::).
+