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+// Copyright (c) 2006, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+// * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// ----
+// Author: Matt Austern
+//
+// This code is compiled directly on many platforms, including client
+// platforms like Windows, Mac, and embedded systems. Before making
+// any changes here, make sure that you're not breaking any platforms.
+//
+// Define a small subset of tr1 type traits. The traits we define are:
+// is_integral
+// is_floating_point
+// is_pointer
+// is_enum
+// is_reference
+// is_pod
+// has_trivial_constructor
+// has_trivial_copy
+// has_trivial_assign
+// has_trivial_destructor
+// remove_const
+// remove_volatile
+// remove_cv
+// remove_reference
+// add_reference
+// remove_pointer
+// is_same
+// is_convertible
+// We can add more type traits as required.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_TYPE_TRAITS_H_
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_TYPE_TRAITS_H_
+
+#include <utility> // For pair
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/template_util.h> // For true_type and false_type
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+template <class T> struct is_integral;
+template <class T> struct is_floating_point;
+template <class T> struct is_pointer;
+// MSVC can't compile this correctly, and neither can gcc 3.3.5 (at least)
+#if !defined(_MSC_VER) && !(defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ <= 3)
+// is_enum uses is_convertible, which is not available on MSVC.
+template <class T> struct is_enum;
+#endif
+template <class T> struct is_reference;
+template <class T> struct is_pod;
+template <class T> struct has_trivial_constructor;
+template <class T> struct has_trivial_copy;
+template <class T> struct has_trivial_assign;
+template <class T> struct has_trivial_destructor;
+template <class T> struct remove_const;
+template <class T> struct remove_volatile;
+template <class T> struct remove_cv;
+template <class T> struct remove_reference;
+template <class T> struct add_reference;
+template <class T> struct remove_pointer;
+template <class T, class U> struct is_same;
+#if !defined(_MSC_VER) && !(defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ <= 3)
+template <class From, class To> struct is_convertible;
+#endif
+
+// is_integral is false except for the built-in integer types. A
+// cv-qualified type is integral if and only if the underlying type is.
+template <class T> struct is_integral : false_type { };
+template<> struct is_integral<bool> : true_type { };
+template<> struct is_integral<char> : true_type { };
+template<> struct is_integral<unsigned char> : true_type { };
+template<> struct is_integral<signed char> : true_type { };
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+// wchar_t is not by default a distinct type from unsigned short in
+// Microsoft C.
+// See http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dh8che7s(VS.80).aspx
+template<> struct is_integral<__wchar_t> : true_type { };
+#else
+template<> struct is_integral<wchar_t> : true_type { };
+#endif
+template<> struct is_integral<short> : true_type { };
+template<> struct is_integral<unsigned short> : true_type { };
+template<> struct is_integral<int> : true_type { };
+template<> struct is_integral<unsigned int> : true_type { };
+template<> struct is_integral<long> : true_type { };
+template<> struct is_integral<unsigned long> : true_type { };
+#ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG
+template<> struct is_integral<long long> : true_type { };
+template<> struct is_integral<unsigned long long> : true_type { };
+#endif
+template <class T> struct is_integral<const T> : is_integral<T> { };
+template <class T> struct is_integral<volatile T> : is_integral<T> { };
+template <class T> struct is_integral<const volatile T> : is_integral<T> { };
+
+// is_floating_point is false except for the built-in floating-point types.
+// A cv-qualified type is integral if and only if the underlying type is.
+template <class T> struct is_floating_point : false_type { };
+template<> struct is_floating_point<float> : true_type { };
+template<> struct is_floating_point<double> : true_type { };
+template<> struct is_floating_point<long double> : true_type { };
+template <class T> struct is_floating_point<const T>
+ : is_floating_point<T> { };
+template <class T> struct is_floating_point<volatile T>
+ : is_floating_point<T> { };
+template <class T> struct is_floating_point<const volatile T>
+ : is_floating_point<T> { };
+
+// is_pointer is false except for pointer types. A cv-qualified type (e.g.
+// "int* const", as opposed to "int const*") is cv-qualified if and only if
+// the underlying type is.
+template <class T> struct is_pointer : false_type { };
+template <class T> struct is_pointer<T*> : true_type { };
+template <class T> struct is_pointer<const T> : is_pointer<T> { };
+template <class T> struct is_pointer<volatile T> : is_pointer<T> { };
+template <class T> struct is_pointer<const volatile T> : is_pointer<T> { };
+
+#if !defined(_MSC_VER) && !(defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ <= 3)
+
+namespace internal {
+
+template <class T> struct is_class_or_union {
+ template <class U> static small_ tester(void (U::*)());
+ template <class U> static big_ tester(...);
+ static const bool value = sizeof(tester<T>(0)) == sizeof(small_);
+};
+
+// is_convertible chokes if the first argument is an array. That's why
+// we use add_reference here.
+template <bool NotUnum, class T> struct is_enum_impl
+ : is_convertible<typename add_reference<T>::type, int> { };
+
+template <class T> struct is_enum_impl<true, T> : false_type { };
+
+} // namespace internal
+
+// Specified by TR1 [4.5.1] primary type categories.
+
+// Implementation note:
+//
+// Each type is either void, integral, floating point, array, pointer,
+// reference, member object pointer, member function pointer, enum,
+// union or class. Out of these, only integral, floating point, reference,
+// class and enum types are potentially convertible to int. Therefore,
+// if a type is not a reference, integral, floating point or class and
+// is convertible to int, it's a enum. Adding cv-qualification to a type
+// does not change whether it's an enum.
+//
+// Is-convertible-to-int check is done only if all other checks pass,
+// because it can't be used with some types (e.g. void or classes with
+// inaccessible conversion operators).
+template <class T> struct is_enum
+ : internal::is_enum_impl<
+ is_same<T, void>::value ||
+ is_integral<T>::value ||
+ is_floating_point<T>::value ||
+ is_reference<T>::value ||
+ internal::is_class_or_union<T>::value,
+ T> { };
+
+template <class T> struct is_enum<const T> : is_enum<T> { };
+template <class T> struct is_enum<volatile T> : is_enum<T> { };
+template <class T> struct is_enum<const volatile T> : is_enum<T> { };
+
+#endif
+
+// is_reference is false except for reference types.
+template<typename T> struct is_reference : false_type {};
+template<typename T> struct is_reference<T&> : true_type {};
+
+
+// We can't get is_pod right without compiler help, so fail conservatively.
+// We will assume it's false except for arithmetic types, enumerations,
+// pointers and cv-qualified versions thereof. Note that std::pair<T,U>
+// is not a POD even if T and U are PODs.
+template <class T> struct is_pod
+ : integral_constant<bool, (is_integral<T>::value ||
+ is_floating_point<T>::value ||
+#if !defined(_MSC_VER) && !(defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ <= 3)
+ // is_enum is not available on MSVC.
+ is_enum<T>::value ||
+#endif
+ is_pointer<T>::value)> { };
+template <class T> struct is_pod<const T> : is_pod<T> { };
+template <class T> struct is_pod<volatile T> : is_pod<T> { };
+template <class T> struct is_pod<const volatile T> : is_pod<T> { };
+
+
+// We can't get has_trivial_constructor right without compiler help, so
+// fail conservatively. We will assume it's false except for: (1) types
+// for which is_pod is true. (2) std::pair of types with trivial
+// constructors. (3) array of a type with a trivial constructor.
+// (4) const versions thereof.
+template <class T> struct has_trivial_constructor : is_pod<T> { };
+template <class T, class U> struct has_trivial_constructor<std::pair<T, U> >
+ : integral_constant<bool,
+ (has_trivial_constructor<T>::value &&
+ has_trivial_constructor<U>::value)> { };
+template <class A, int N> struct has_trivial_constructor<A[N]>
+ : has_trivial_constructor<A> { };
+template <class T> struct has_trivial_constructor<const T>
+ : has_trivial_constructor<T> { };
+
+// We can't get has_trivial_copy right without compiler help, so fail
+// conservatively. We will assume it's false except for: (1) types
+// for which is_pod is true. (2) std::pair of types with trivial copy
+// constructors. (3) array of a type with a trivial copy constructor.
+// (4) const versions thereof.
+template <class T> struct has_trivial_copy : is_pod<T> { };
+template <class T, class U> struct has_trivial_copy<std::pair<T, U> >
+ : integral_constant<bool,
+ (has_trivial_copy<T>::value &&
+ has_trivial_copy<U>::value)> { };
+template <class A, int N> struct has_trivial_copy<A[N]>
+ : has_trivial_copy<A> { };
+template <class T> struct has_trivial_copy<const T> : has_trivial_copy<T> { };
+
+// We can't get has_trivial_assign right without compiler help, so fail
+// conservatively. We will assume it's false except for: (1) types
+// for which is_pod is true. (2) std::pair of types with trivial copy
+// constructors. (3) array of a type with a trivial assign constructor.
+template <class T> struct has_trivial_assign : is_pod<T> { };
+template <class T, class U> struct has_trivial_assign<std::pair<T, U> >
+ : integral_constant<bool,
+ (has_trivial_assign<T>::value &&
+ has_trivial_assign<U>::value)> { };
+template <class A, int N> struct has_trivial_assign<A[N]>
+ : has_trivial_assign<A> { };
+
+// We can't get has_trivial_destructor right without compiler help, so
+// fail conservatively. We will assume it's false except for: (1) types
+// for which is_pod is true. (2) std::pair of types with trivial
+// destructors. (3) array of a type with a trivial destructor.
+// (4) const versions thereof.
+template <class T> struct has_trivial_destructor : is_pod<T> { };
+template <class T, class U> struct has_trivial_destructor<std::pair<T, U> >
+ : integral_constant<bool,
+ (has_trivial_destructor<T>::value &&
+ has_trivial_destructor<U>::value)> { };
+template <class A, int N> struct has_trivial_destructor<A[N]>
+ : has_trivial_destructor<A> { };
+template <class T> struct has_trivial_destructor<const T>
+ : has_trivial_destructor<T> { };
+
+// Specified by TR1 [4.7.1]
+template<typename T> struct remove_const { typedef T type; };
+template<typename T> struct remove_const<T const> { typedef T type; };
+template<typename T> struct remove_volatile { typedef T type; };
+template<typename T> struct remove_volatile<T volatile> { typedef T type; };
+template<typename T> struct remove_cv {
+ typedef typename remove_const<typename remove_volatile<T>::type>::type type;
+};
+
+
+// Specified by TR1 [4.7.2] Reference modifications.
+template<typename T> struct remove_reference { typedef T type; };
+template<typename T> struct remove_reference<T&> { typedef T type; };
+
+template <typename T> struct add_reference { typedef T& type; };
+template <typename T> struct add_reference<T&> { typedef T& type; };
+
+// Specified by TR1 [4.7.4] Pointer modifications.
+template<typename T> struct remove_pointer { typedef T type; };
+template<typename T> struct remove_pointer<T*> { typedef T type; };
+template<typename T> struct remove_pointer<T* const> { typedef T type; };
+template<typename T> struct remove_pointer<T* volatile> { typedef T type; };
+template<typename T> struct remove_pointer<T* const volatile> {
+ typedef T type; };
+
+// Specified by TR1 [4.6] Relationships between types
+template<typename T, typename U> struct is_same : public false_type { };
+template<typename T> struct is_same<T, T> : public true_type { };
+
+// Specified by TR1 [4.6] Relationships between types
+#if !defined(_MSC_VER) && !(defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ <= 3)
+namespace internal {
+
+// This class is an implementation detail for is_convertible, and you
+// don't need to know how it works to use is_convertible. For those
+// who care: we declare two different functions, one whose argument is
+// of type To and one with a variadic argument list. We give them
+// return types of different size, so we can use sizeof to trick the
+// compiler into telling us which function it would have chosen if we
+// had called it with an argument of type From. See Alexandrescu's
+// _Modern C++ Design_ for more details on this sort of trick.
+
+template <typename From, typename To>
+struct ConvertHelper {
+ static small_ Test(To);
+ static big_ Test(...);
+ static From Create();
+};
+} // namespace internal
+
+// Inherits from true_type if From is convertible to To, false_type otherwise.
+template <typename From, typename To>
+struct is_convertible
+ : integral_constant<bool,
+ sizeof(internal::ConvertHelper<From, To>::Test(
+ internal::ConvertHelper<From, To>::Create()))
+ == sizeof(small_)> {
+};
+#endif
+
+} // namespace internal
+} // namespace protobuf
+} // namespace google
+
+#endif // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_TYPE_TRAITS_H_