Merge "Add an API to allow for creating private virtual displays."

13 files changed, 724 insertions, 77 deletions

diff --git a/api/current.txt b/api/current.txt
index 025bb35..d026c24 100644
--- a/api/current.txt
+++ b/api/current.txt
@@ -10548,6 +10548,7 @@ package android.hardware {
 package android.hardware.display {
 
   public final class DisplayManager {
+    method public android.hardware.display.VirtualDisplay createPrivateVirtualDisplay(java.lang.String, int, int, int, android.view.Surface);
     method public android.view.Display getDisplay(int);
     method public android.view.Display[] getDisplays();
     method public android.view.Display[] getDisplays(java.lang.String);
@@ -10562,6 +10563,11 @@ package android.hardware.display {
     method public abstract void onDisplayRemoved(int);
   }
 
+  public final class VirtualDisplay {
+    method public android.view.Display getDisplay();
+    method public void release();
+  }
+
 }
 
 package android.hardware.input {
@@ -25050,6 +25056,7 @@ package android.view {
     method public deprecated int getWidth();
     method public boolean isValid();
     field public static final int DEFAULT_DISPLAY = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int FLAG_PRIVATE = 4; // 0x4
     field public static final int FLAG_SECURE = 2; // 0x2
     field public static final int FLAG_SUPPORTS_PROTECTED_BUFFERS = 1; // 0x1
   }
diff --git a/core/java/android/hardware/display/DisplayManager.java b/core/java/android/hardware/display/DisplayManager.java
index 0a7a2e7..dcf50cd 100644
--- a/core/java/android/hardware/display/DisplayManager.java
+++ b/core/java/android/hardware/display/DisplayManager.java
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import android.content.Context;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.util.SparseArray;
 import android.view.Display;
+import android.view.Surface;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 
@@ -134,6 +135,7 @@ public final class DisplayManager {
                     addMatchingDisplaysLocked(mTempDisplays, displayIds, Display.TYPE_WIFI);
                     addMatchingDisplaysLocked(mTempDisplays, displayIds, Display.TYPE_HDMI);
                     addMatchingDisplaysLocked(mTempDisplays, displayIds, Display.TYPE_OVERLAY);
+                    addMatchingDisplaysLocked(mTempDisplays, displayIds, Display.TYPE_VIRTUAL);
                 }
                 return mTempDisplays.toArray(new Display[mTempDisplays.size()]);
             } finally {
@@ -275,6 +277,41 @@ public final class DisplayManager {
     }
 
     /**
+     * Creates a private virtual display.
+     * <p>
+     * The content of a virtual display is rendered to a {@link Surface} provided
+     * by the application that created the virtual display.
+     * </p><p>
+     * Only the application that created a private virtual display is allowed to
+     * place windows upon it.  The private virtual display also does not participate
+     * in display mirroring: it will neither receive mirrored content from another
+     * display nor allow its own content to be mirrored elsewhere.  More precisely,
+     * the only processes that are allowed to enumerate or interact with a private
+     * display are those that have the same UID as the application that originally
+     * created the private virtual display.
+     * </p><p>
+     * The private virtual display should be {@link VirtualDisplay#release released}
+     * when no longer needed.  Because a private virtual display renders to a surface
+     * provided by the application, it will be released automatically when the
+     * process terminates and all remaining windows on it will be forcibly removed.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * @param name The name of the virtual display, must be non-empty.
+     * @param width The width of the virtual display in pixels, must be greater than 0.
+     * @param height The height of the virtual display in pixels, must be greater than 0.
+     * @param densityDpi The density of the virtual display in dpi, must be greater than 0.
+     * @param surface The surface to which the content of the virtual display should
+     * be rendered, must be non-null.
+     * @return The newly created virtual display, or null if the application could
+     * not create the virtual display.
+     */
+    public VirtualDisplay createPrivateVirtualDisplay(String name,
+            int width, int height, int densityDpi, Surface surface) {
+        return mGlobal.createPrivateVirtualDisplay(mContext,
+                name, width, height, densityDpi, surface);
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Listens for changes in available display devices.
      */
     public interface DisplayListener {
diff --git a/core/java/android/hardware/display/DisplayManagerGlobal.java b/core/java/android/hardware/display/DisplayManagerGlobal.java
index a858681..3ab882d 100644
--- a/core/java/android/hardware/display/DisplayManagerGlobal.java
+++ b/core/java/android/hardware/display/DisplayManagerGlobal.java
@@ -18,17 +18,20 @@ package android.hardware.display;
 
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.hardware.display.DisplayManager.DisplayListener;
+import android.os.Binder;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.Message;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.os.ServiceManager;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
 import android.util.Log;
 import android.util.SparseArray;
 import android.view.CompatibilityInfoHolder;
 import android.view.Display;
 import android.view.DisplayInfo;
+import android.view.Surface;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 
@@ -315,6 +318,53 @@ public final class DisplayManagerGlobal {
         }
     }
 
+    public VirtualDisplay createPrivateVirtualDisplay(Context context, String name,
+            int width, int height, int densityDpi, Surface surface) {
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(name)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("name must be non-null and non-empty");
+        }
+        if (width <= 0 || height <= 0 || densityDpi <= 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("width, height, and densityDpi must be "
+                    + "greater than 0");
+        }
+        if (surface == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("surface must not be null");
+        }
+
+        Binder token = new Binder();
+        int displayId;
+        try {
+            displayId = mDm.createPrivateVirtualDisplay(token, context.getPackageName(),
+                    name, width, height, densityDpi, surface);
+        } catch (RemoteException ex) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Could not create private virtual display: " + name, ex);
+            return null;
+        }
+        if (displayId < 0) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Could not create private virtual display: " + name);
+            return null;
+        }
+        Display display = getRealDisplay(displayId);
+        if (display == null) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "Could not obtain display info for newly created "
+                    + "private virtual display: " + name);
+            try {
+                mDm.releaseVirtualDisplay(token);
+            } catch (RemoteException ex) {
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+        return new VirtualDisplay(this, display, token);
+    }
+
+    public void releaseVirtualDisplay(IBinder token) {
+        try {
+            mDm.releaseVirtualDisplay(token);
+        } catch (RemoteException ex) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "Failed to release virtual display.", ex);
+        }
+    }
+
     private final class DisplayManagerCallback extends IDisplayManagerCallback.Stub {
         @Override
         public void onDisplayEvent(int displayId, int event) {
diff --git a/core/java/android/hardware/display/IDisplayManager.aidl b/core/java/android/hardware/display/IDisplayManager.aidl
index 79aad78..cd4896a 100644
--- a/core/java/android/hardware/display/IDisplayManager.aidl
+++ b/core/java/android/hardware/display/IDisplayManager.aidl
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import android.hardware.display.IDisplayManagerCallback;
 import android.hardware.display.WifiDisplay;
 import android.hardware.display.WifiDisplayStatus;
 import android.view.DisplayInfo;
+import android.view.Surface;
 
 /** @hide */
 interface IDisplayManager {
@@ -46,4 +47,11 @@ interface IDisplayManager {
 
     // No permissions required.
     WifiDisplayStatus getWifiDisplayStatus();
+
+    // No permissions required.
+    int createPrivateVirtualDisplay(IBinder token, String packageName,
+            String name, int width, int height, int densityDpi, in Surface surface);
+
+    // No permissions required but must be same Uid as the creator.
+    void releaseVirtualDisplay(in IBinder token);
 }
diff --git a/core/java/android/hardware/display/VirtualDisplay.java b/core/java/android/hardware/display/VirtualDisplay.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..145a217
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/java/android/hardware/display/VirtualDisplay.java
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.hardware.display;
+
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.view.Display;
+
+/**
+ * Represents a virtual display.
+ *
+ * @see DisplayManager#createPrivateVirtualDisplay
+ */
+public final class VirtualDisplay {
+    private final DisplayManagerGlobal mGlobal;
+    private final Display mDisplay;
+    private IBinder mToken;
+
+    VirtualDisplay(DisplayManagerGlobal global, Display display, IBinder token) {
+        mGlobal = global;
+        mDisplay = display;
+        mToken = token;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the virtual display.
+     */
+    public Display getDisplay() {
+        return mDisplay;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Releases the virtual display and destroys its underlying surface.
+     * <p>
+     * All remaining windows on the virtual display will be forcibly removed
+     * as part of releasing the virtual display.
+     * </p>
+     */
+    public void release() {
+        if (mToken != null) {
+            mGlobal.releaseVirtualDisplay(mToken);
+            mToken = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "VirtualDisplay{display=" + mDisplay + ", token=" + mToken + "}";
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/java/android/view/Display.java b/core/java/android/view/Display.java
index e6a7950..4d984fd 100644
--- a/core/java/android/view/Display.java
+++ b/core/java/android/view/Display.java
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import android.graphics.PixelFormat;
 import android.graphics.Point;
 import android.graphics.Rect;
 import android.hardware.display.DisplayManagerGlobal;
+import android.os.Process;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.util.DisplayMetrics;
 import android.util.Log;
@@ -57,6 +58,8 @@ public final class Display {
     private final int mFlags;
     private final int mType;
     private final String mAddress;
+    private final int mOwnerUid;
+    private final String mOwnerPackageName;
     private final CompatibilityInfoHolder mCompatibilityInfo;
 
     private DisplayInfo mDisplayInfo; // never null
@@ -143,6 +146,18 @@ public final class Display {
     public static final int FLAG_SECURE = 1 << 1;
 
     /**
+     * Display flag: Indicates that the display is private.  Only the application that
+     * owns the display can create windows on it.
+     * <p>
+     * This flag is associated with displays that were created using
+     * {@link android.hardware.display.DisplayManager#createPrivateVirtualDisplay}.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * @see #getFlags
+     */
+    public static final int FLAG_PRIVATE = 1 << 2;
+
+    /**
      * Display type: Unknown display type.
      * @hide
      */
@@ -173,6 +188,12 @@ public final class Display {
     public static final int TYPE_OVERLAY = 4;
 
     /**
+     * Display type: Virtual display.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int TYPE_VIRTUAL = 5;
+
+    /**
      * Internal method to create a display.
      * Applications should use {@link android.view.WindowManager#getDefaultDisplay()}
      * or {@link android.hardware.display.DisplayManager#getDisplay}
@@ -194,6 +215,8 @@ public final class Display {
         mFlags = displayInfo.flags;
         mType = displayInfo.type;
         mAddress = displayInfo.address;
+        mOwnerUid = displayInfo.ownerUid;
+        mOwnerPackageName = displayInfo.ownerPackageName;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -262,6 +285,7 @@ public final class Display {
      *
      * @see #FLAG_SUPPORTS_PROTECTED_BUFFERS
      * @see #FLAG_SECURE
+     * @see #FLAG_PRIVATE
      */
     public int getFlags() {
         return mFlags;
@@ -277,6 +301,7 @@ public final class Display {
      * @see #TYPE_HDMI
      * @see #TYPE_WIFI
      * @see #TYPE_OVERLAY
+     * @see #TYPE_VIRTUAL
      * @hide
      */
     public int getType() {
@@ -295,6 +320,32 @@ public final class Display {
     }
 
     /**
+     * Gets the UID of the application that owns this display, or zero if it is
+     * owned by the system.
+     * <p>
+     * If the display is private, then only the owner can use it.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public int getOwnerUid() {
+        return mOwnerUid;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the package name of the application that owns this display, or null if it is
+     * owned by the system.
+     * <p>
+     * If the display is private, then only the owner can use it.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public String getOwnerPackageName() {
+        return mOwnerPackageName;
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Gets the compatibility info used by this display instance.
      *
      * @return The compatibility info holder, or null if none is required.
@@ -564,6 +615,22 @@ public final class Display {
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the specified UID has access to this display.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean hasAccess(int uid) {
+        return Display.hasAccess(uid, mFlags, mOwnerUid);
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public static boolean hasAccess(int uid, int flags, int ownerUid) {
+        return (flags & Display.FLAG_PRIVATE) == 0
+                || uid == ownerUid
+                || uid == Process.SYSTEM_UID
+                || uid == 0;
+    }
+
     private void updateDisplayInfoLocked() {
         // Note: The display manager caches display info objects on our behalf.
         DisplayInfo newInfo = mGlobal.getDisplayInfo(mDisplayId);
@@ -624,6 +691,8 @@ public final class Display {
                 return "WIFI";
             case TYPE_OVERLAY:
                 return "OVERLAY";
+            case TYPE_VIRTUAL:
+                return "VIRTUAL";
             default:
                 return Integer.toString(type);
         }
diff --git a/core/java/android/view/DisplayInfo.java b/core/java/android/view/DisplayInfo.java
index 9fcd9b1..1442cb7 100644
--- a/core/java/android/view/DisplayInfo.java
+++ b/core/java/android/view/DisplayInfo.java
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ package android.view;
 import android.content.res.CompatibilityInfo;
 import android.os.Parcel;
 import android.os.Parcelable;
+import android.os.Process;
 import android.util.DisplayMetrics;
 
 import libcore.util.Objects;
@@ -177,6 +178,23 @@ public final class DisplayInfo implements Parcelable {
      */
     public float physicalYDpi;
 
+    /**
+     * The UID of the application that owns this display, or zero if it is owned by the system.
+     * <p>
+     * If the display is private, then only the owner can use it.
+     * </p>
+     */
+    public int ownerUid;
+
+    /**
+     * The package name of the application that owns this display, or null if it is
+     * owned by the system.
+     * <p>
+     * If the display is private, then only the owner can use it.
+     * </p>
+     */
+    public String ownerPackageName;
+
     public static final Creator<DisplayInfo> CREATOR = new Creator<DisplayInfo>() {
         @Override
         public DisplayInfo createFromParcel(Parcel source) {
@@ -228,7 +246,9 @@ public final class DisplayInfo implements Parcelable {
                 && refreshRate == other.refreshRate
                 && logicalDensityDpi == other.logicalDensityDpi
                 && physicalXDpi == other.physicalXDpi
-                && physicalYDpi == other.physicalYDpi;
+                && physicalYDpi == other.physicalYDpi
+                && ownerUid == other.ownerUid
+                && Objects.equal(ownerPackageName, other.ownerPackageName);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -259,6 +279,8 @@ public final class DisplayInfo implements Parcelable {
         logicalDensityDpi = other.logicalDensityDpi;
         physicalXDpi = other.physicalXDpi;
         physicalYDpi = other.physicalYDpi;
+        ownerUid = other.ownerUid;
+        ownerPackageName = other.ownerPackageName;
     }
 
     public void readFromParcel(Parcel source) {
@@ -284,6 +306,8 @@ public final class DisplayInfo implements Parcelable {
         logicalDensityDpi = source.readInt();
         physicalXDpi = source.readFloat();
         physicalYDpi = source.readFloat();
+        ownerUid = source.readInt();
+        ownerPackageName = source.readString();
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -310,6 +334,8 @@ public final class DisplayInfo implements Parcelable {
         dest.writeInt(logicalDensityDpi);
         dest.writeFloat(physicalXDpi);
         dest.writeFloat(physicalYDpi);
+        dest.writeInt(ownerUid);
+        dest.writeString(ownerPackageName);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -335,6 +361,13 @@ public final class DisplayInfo implements Parcelable {
                 logicalHeight : logicalWidth;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the specified UID has access to this display.
+     */
+    public boolean hasAccess(int uid) {
+        return Display.hasAccess(uid, flags, ownerUid);
+    }
+
     private void getMetricsWithSize(DisplayMetrics outMetrics, CompatibilityInfoHolder cih,
             int width, int height) {
         outMetrics.densityDpi = outMetrics.noncompatDensityDpi = logicalDensityDpi;
@@ -402,8 +435,13 @@ public final class DisplayInfo implements Parcelable {
         sb.append(layerStack);
         sb.append(", type ");
         sb.append(Display.typeToString(type));
-        sb.append(", address ");
-        sb.append(address);
+        if (address != null) {
+            sb.append(", address ").append(address);
+        }
+        if (ownerUid != 0 || ownerPackageName != null) {
+            sb.append(", owner ").append(ownerPackageName);
+            sb.append(" (uid ").append(ownerUid).append(")");
+        }
         sb.append(flagsToString(flags));
         sb.append("}");
         return sb.toString();
@@ -417,6 +455,9 @@ public final class DisplayInfo implements Parcelable {
         if ((flags & Display.FLAG_SUPPORTS_PROTECTED_BUFFERS) != 0) {
             result.append(", FLAG_SUPPORTS_PROTECTED_BUFFERS");
         }
+        if ((flags & Display.FLAG_PRIVATE) != 0) {
+            result.append(", FLAG_PRIVATE");
+        }
         return result.toString();
     }
 }
diff --git a/services/java/com/android/server/display/DisplayDeviceInfo.java b/services/java/com/android/server/display/DisplayDeviceInfo.java
index 247d8a0..11f8d6a 100644
--- a/services/java/com/android/server/display/DisplayDeviceInfo.java
+++ b/services/java/com/android/server/display/DisplayDeviceInfo.java
@@ -61,6 +61,18 @@ final class DisplayDeviceInfo {
     public static final int FLAG_SUPPORTS_PROTECTED_BUFFERS = 1 << 3;
 
     /**
+     * Flag: Indicates that the display device is owned by a particular application
+     * and that no other application should be able to interact with it.
+     */
+    public static final int FLAG_PRIVATE = 1 << 4;
+
+    /**
+     * Flag: Indicates that the display device is not blanked automatically by
+     * the power manager.
+     */
+    public static final int FLAG_NEVER_BLANK = 1 << 5;
+
+    /**
      * Touch attachment: Display does not receive touch.
      */
     public static final int TOUCH_NONE = 0;
@@ -150,6 +162,23 @@ final class DisplayDeviceInfo {
      */
     public String address;
 
+    /**
+     * The UID of the application that owns this display, or zero if it is owned by the system.
+     * <p>
+     * If the display is private, then only the owner can use it.
+     * </p>
+     */
+    public int ownerUid;
+
+    /**
+     * The package name of the application that owns this display, or null if it is
+     * owned by the system.
+     * <p>
+     * If the display is private, then only the owner can use it.
+     * </p>
+     */
+    public String ownerPackageName;
+
     public void setAssumedDensityForExternalDisplay(int width, int height) {
         densityDpi = Math.min(width, height) * DisplayMetrics.DENSITY_XHIGH / 1080;
         // Technically, these values should be smaller than the apparent density
@@ -176,7 +205,9 @@ final class DisplayDeviceInfo {
                 && touch == other.touch
                 && rotation == other.rotation
                 && type == other.type
-                && Objects.equal(address, other.address);
+                && Objects.equal(address, other.address)
+                && ownerUid == other.ownerUid
+                && Objects.equal(ownerPackageName, other.ownerPackageName);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -197,19 +228,32 @@ final class DisplayDeviceInfo {
         rotation = other.rotation;
         type = other.type;
         address = other.address;
+        ownerUid = other.ownerUid;
+        ownerPackageName = other.ownerPackageName;
     }
 
     // For debugging purposes
     @Override
     public String toString() {
-        return "DisplayDeviceInfo{\"" + name + "\": " + width + " x " + height + ", "
-                + refreshRate + " fps, "
-                + "density " + densityDpi + ", " + xDpi + " x " + yDpi + " dpi"
-                + ", touch " + touchToString(touch) + flagsToString(flags)
-                + ", rotation " + rotation
-                + ", type " + Display.typeToString(type)
-                + ", address " + address
-                + "}";
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        sb.append("DisplayDeviceInfo{\"");
+        sb.append(name).append("\": ").append(width).append(" x ").append(height);
+        sb.append(", ").append(refreshRate).append(" fps, ");
+        sb.append("density ").append(densityDpi);
+        sb.append(", ").append(xDpi).append(" x ").append(yDpi).append(" dpi");
+        sb.append(", touch ").append(touchToString(touch));
+        sb.append(", rotation ").append(rotation);
+        sb.append(", type ").append(Display.typeToString(type));
+        if (address != null) {
+            sb.append(", address ").append(address);
+        }
+        if (ownerUid != 0 || ownerPackageName != null) {
+            sb.append(", owner ").append(ownerPackageName);
+            sb.append(" (uid ").append(ownerUid).append(")");
+        }
+        sb.append(flagsToString(flags));
+        sb.append("}");
+        return sb.toString();
     }
 
     private static String touchToString(int touch) {
@@ -239,6 +283,12 @@ final class DisplayDeviceInfo {
         if ((flags & FLAG_SUPPORTS_PROTECTED_BUFFERS) != 0) {
             msg.append(", FLAG_SUPPORTS_PROTECTED_BUFFERS");
         }
+        if ((flags & FLAG_PRIVATE) != 0) {
+            msg.append(", FLAG_PRIVATE");
+        }
+        if ((flags & FLAG_NEVER_BLANK) != 0) {
+            msg.append(", FLAG_NEVER_BLANK");
+        }
         return msg.toString();
     }
 }
diff --git a/services/java/com/android/server/display/DisplayManagerService.java b/services/java/com/android/server/display/DisplayManagerService.java
index ca85e42..c339c26 100644
--- a/services/java/com/android/server/display/DisplayManagerService.java
+++ b/services/java/com/android/server/display/DisplayManagerService.java
@@ -33,15 +33,19 @@ import android.os.Message;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.os.SystemProperties;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
 import android.util.Slog;
 import android.util.SparseArray;
 import android.view.Display;
 import android.view.DisplayInfo;
+import android.view.Surface;
+
 import com.android.server.UiThread;
 
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
 
 /**
@@ -171,6 +175,9 @@ public final class DisplayManagerService extends IDisplayManager.Stub {
     // The Wifi display adapter, or null if not registered.
     private WifiDisplayAdapter mWifiDisplayAdapter;
 
+    // The virtual display adapter, or null if not registered.
+    private VirtualDisplayAdapter mVirtualDisplayAdapter;
+
     // Viewports of the default display and the display that should receive touch
     // input from an external source.  Used by the input system.
     private final DisplayViewport mDefaultViewport = new DisplayViewport();
@@ -363,13 +370,7 @@ public final class DisplayManagerService extends IDisplayManager.Stub {
         synchronized (mSyncRoot) {
             if (mAllDisplayBlankStateFromPowerManager != DISPLAY_BLANK_STATE_BLANKED) {
                 mAllDisplayBlankStateFromPowerManager = DISPLAY_BLANK_STATE_BLANKED;
-
-                final int count = mDisplayDevices.size();
-                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-                    DisplayDevice device = mDisplayDevices.get(i);
-                    device.blankLocked();
-                }
-
+                updateAllDisplayBlankingLocked();
                 scheduleTraversalLocked(false);
             }
         }
@@ -382,13 +383,7 @@ public final class DisplayManagerService extends IDisplayManager.Stub {
         synchronized (mSyncRoot) {
             if (mAllDisplayBlankStateFromPowerManager != DISPLAY_BLANK_STATE_UNBLANKED) {
                 mAllDisplayBlankStateFromPowerManager = DISPLAY_BLANK_STATE_UNBLANKED;
-
-                final int count = mDisplayDevices.size();
-                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-                    DisplayDevice device = mDisplayDevices.get(i);
-                    device.unblankLocked();
-                }
-
+                updateAllDisplayBlankingLocked();
                 scheduleTraversalLocked(false);
             }
         }
@@ -403,12 +398,21 @@ public final class DisplayManagerService extends IDisplayManager.Stub {
      */
     @Override // Binder call
     public DisplayInfo getDisplayInfo(int displayId) {
-        synchronized (mSyncRoot) {
-            LogicalDisplay display = mLogicalDisplays.get(displayId);
-            if (display != null) {
-                return display.getDisplayInfoLocked();
+        final int callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
+        final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+        try {
+            synchronized (mSyncRoot) {
+                LogicalDisplay display = mLogicalDisplays.get(displayId);
+                if (display != null) {
+                    DisplayInfo info = display.getDisplayInfoLocked();
+                    if (info.hasAccess(callingUid)) {
+                        return info;
+                    }
+                }
+                return null;
             }
-            return null;
+        } finally {
+            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
         }
     }
 
@@ -417,13 +421,27 @@ public final class DisplayManagerService extends IDisplayManager.Stub {
      */
     @Override // Binder call
     public int[] getDisplayIds() {
-        synchronized (mSyncRoot) {
-            final int count = mLogicalDisplays.size();
-            int[] displayIds = new int[count];
-            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-                displayIds[i] = mLogicalDisplays.keyAt(i);
+        final int callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
+        final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+        try {
+            synchronized (mSyncRoot) {
+                final int count = mLogicalDisplays.size();
+                int[] displayIds = new int[count];
+                int n = 0;
+                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+                    LogicalDisplay display = mLogicalDisplays.valueAt(i);
+                    DisplayInfo info = display.getDisplayInfoLocked();
+                    if (info.hasAccess(callingUid)) {
+                        displayIds[n++] = mLogicalDisplays.keyAt(i);
+                    }
+                }
+                if (n != count) {
+                    displayIds = Arrays.copyOfRange(displayIds, 0, n);
+                }
+                return displayIds;
             }
-            return displayIds;
+        } finally {
+            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
         }
     }
 
@@ -570,6 +588,95 @@ public final class DisplayManagerService extends IDisplayManager.Stub {
                 == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
     }
 
+    @Override // Binder call
+    public int createPrivateVirtualDisplay(IBinder appToken, String packageName,
+            String name, int width, int height, int densityDpi, Surface surface) {
+        final int callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
+        if (!validatePackageName(callingUid, packageName)) {
+            throw new SecurityException("packageName must match the calling uid");
+        }
+        if (appToken == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("appToken must not be null");
+        }
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(name)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("name must be non-null and non-empty");
+        }
+        if (width <= 0 || height <= 0 || densityDpi <= 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("width, height, and densityDpi must be "
+                    + "greater than 0");
+        }
+        if (surface == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("surface must not be null");
+        }
+
+        final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+        try {
+            synchronized (mSyncRoot) {
+                if (mVirtualDisplayAdapter == null) {
+                    Slog.w(TAG, "Rejecting request to create private virtual display "
+                            + "because the virtual display adapter is not available.");
+                    return -1;
+                }
+
+                DisplayDevice device = mVirtualDisplayAdapter.createPrivateVirtualDisplayLocked(
+                        appToken, callingUid, packageName, name, width, height, densityDpi,
+                        surface);
+                if (device == null) {
+                    return -1;
+                }
+
+                handleDisplayDeviceAddedLocked(device);
+                LogicalDisplay display = findLogicalDisplayForDeviceLocked(device);
+                if (display != null) {
+                    return display.getDisplayIdLocked();
+                }
+
+                // Something weird happened and the logical display was not created.
+                Slog.w(TAG, "Rejecting request to create private virtual display "
+                        + "because the logical display was not created.");
+                mVirtualDisplayAdapter.releaseVirtualDisplayLocked(appToken);
+                handleDisplayDeviceRemovedLocked(device);
+            }
+        } finally {
+            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    @Override // Binder call
+    public void releaseVirtualDisplay(IBinder appToken) {
+        final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+        try {
+            synchronized (mSyncRoot) {
+                if (mVirtualDisplayAdapter == null) {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                DisplayDevice device =
+                        mVirtualDisplayAdapter.releaseVirtualDisplayLocked(appToken);
+                if (device != null) {
+                    handleDisplayDeviceRemovedLocked(device);
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean validatePackageName(int uid, String packageName) {
+        if (packageName != null) {
+            String[] packageNames = mContext.getPackageManager().getPackagesForUid(uid);
+            if (packageNames != null) {
+                for (String n : packageNames) {
+                    if (n.equals(packageName)) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
     private void registerDefaultDisplayAdapter() {
         // Register default display adapter.
         synchronized (mSyncRoot) {
@@ -588,6 +695,7 @@ public final class DisplayManagerService extends IDisplayManager.Stub {
             if (shouldRegisterNonEssentialDisplayAdaptersLocked()) {
                 registerOverlayDisplayAdapterLocked();
                 registerWifiDisplayAdapterLocked();
+                registerVirtualDisplayAdapterLocked();
             }
         }
     }
@@ -608,6 +716,12 @@ public final class DisplayManagerService extends IDisplayManager.Stub {
         }
     }
 
+    private void registerVirtualDisplayAdapterLocked() {
+        mVirtualDisplayAdapter = new VirtualDisplayAdapter(
+                mSyncRoot, mContext, mHandler, mDisplayAdapterListener);
+        registerDisplayAdapterLocked(mVirtualDisplayAdapter);
+    }
+
     private boolean shouldRegisterNonEssentialDisplayAdaptersLocked() {
         // In safe mode, we disable non-essential display adapters to give the user
         // an opportunity to fix broken settings or other problems that might affect
@@ -625,29 +739,23 @@ public final class DisplayManagerService extends IDisplayManager.Stub {
 
     private void handleDisplayDeviceAdded(DisplayDevice device) {
         synchronized (mSyncRoot) {
-            if (mDisplayDevices.contains(device)) {
-                Slog.w(TAG, "Attempted to add already added display device: "
-                        + device.getDisplayDeviceInfoLocked());
-                return;
-            }
+            handleDisplayDeviceAddedLocked(device);
+        }
+    }
 
-            Slog.i(TAG, "Display device added: " + device.getDisplayDeviceInfoLocked());
+    private void handleDisplayDeviceAddedLocked(DisplayDevice device) {
+        if (mDisplayDevices.contains(device)) {
+            Slog.w(TAG, "Attempted to add already added display device: "
+                    + device.getDisplayDeviceInfoLocked());
+            return;
+        }
 
-            mDisplayDevices.add(device);
-            addLogicalDisplayLocked(device);
-            scheduleTraversalLocked(false);
+        Slog.i(TAG, "Display device added: " + device.getDisplayDeviceInfoLocked());
 
-            // Blank or unblank the display immediately to match the state requested
-            // by the power manager (if known).
-            switch (mAllDisplayBlankStateFromPowerManager) {
-                case DISPLAY_BLANK_STATE_BLANKED:
-                    device.blankLocked();
-                    break;
-                case DISPLAY_BLANK_STATE_UNBLANKED:
-                    device.unblankLocked();
-                    break;
-            }
-        }
+        mDisplayDevices.add(device);
+        addLogicalDisplayLocked(device);
+        updateDisplayBlankingLocked(device);
+        scheduleTraversalLocked(false);
     }
 
     private void handleDisplayDeviceChanged(DisplayDevice device) {
@@ -669,17 +777,44 @@ public final class DisplayManagerService extends IDisplayManager.Stub {
 
     private void handleDisplayDeviceRemoved(DisplayDevice device) {
         synchronized (mSyncRoot) {
-            if (!mDisplayDevices.remove(device)) {
-                Slog.w(TAG, "Attempted to remove non-existent display device: "
-                        + device.getDisplayDeviceInfoLocked());
-                return;
-            }
+            handleDisplayDeviceRemovedLocked(device);
+        }
+    }
+    private void handleDisplayDeviceRemovedLocked(DisplayDevice device) {
+        if (!mDisplayDevices.remove(device)) {
+            Slog.w(TAG, "Attempted to remove non-existent display device: "
+                    + device.getDisplayDeviceInfoLocked());
+            return;
+        }
 
-            Slog.i(TAG, "Display device removed: " + device.getDisplayDeviceInfoLocked());
+        Slog.i(TAG, "Display device removed: " + device.getDisplayDeviceInfoLocked());
 
-            mRemovedDisplayDevices.add(device);
-            updateLogicalDisplaysLocked();
-            scheduleTraversalLocked(false);
+        mRemovedDisplayDevices.add(device);
+        updateLogicalDisplaysLocked();
+        scheduleTraversalLocked(false);
+    }
+
+    private void updateAllDisplayBlankingLocked() {
+        final int count = mDisplayDevices.size();
+        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+            DisplayDevice device = mDisplayDevices.get(i);
+            updateDisplayBlankingLocked(device);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void updateDisplayBlankingLocked(DisplayDevice device) {
+        // Blank or unblank the display immediately to match the state requested
+        // by the power manager (if known).
+        DisplayDeviceInfo info = device.getDisplayDeviceInfoLocked();
+        if ((info.flags & DisplayDeviceInfo.FLAG_NEVER_BLANK) == 0) {
+            switch (mAllDisplayBlankStateFromPowerManager) {
+                case DISPLAY_BLANK_STATE_BLANKED:
+                    device.blankLocked();
+                    break;
+                case DISPLAY_BLANK_STATE_UNBLANKED:
+                    device.unblankLocked();
+                    break;
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -812,13 +947,21 @@ public final class DisplayManagerService extends IDisplayManager.Stub {
     }
 
     private void configureDisplayInTransactionLocked(DisplayDevice device) {
+        DisplayDeviceInfo info = device.getDisplayDeviceInfoLocked();
+        boolean isPrivate = (info.flags & DisplayDeviceInfo.FLAG_PRIVATE) != 0;
+
         // Find the logical display that the display device is showing.
+        // Private displays never mirror other displays.
         LogicalDisplay display = findLogicalDisplayForDeviceLocked(device);
-        if (display != null && !display.hasContentLocked()) {
-            display = null;
-        }
-        if (display == null) {
-            display = mLogicalDisplays.get(Display.DEFAULT_DISPLAY);
+        if (!isPrivate) {
+            if (display != null && !display.hasContentLocked()) {
+                // If the display does not have any content of its own, then
+                // automatically mirror the default logical display contents.
+                display = null;
+            }
+            if (display == null) {
+                display = mLogicalDisplays.get(Display.DEFAULT_DISPLAY);
+            }
         }
 
         // Apply the logical display configuration to the display device.
@@ -828,11 +971,11 @@ public final class DisplayManagerService extends IDisplayManager.Stub {
                     + device.getDisplayDeviceInfoLocked());
             return;
         }
-        boolean isBlanked = (mAllDisplayBlankStateFromPowerManager == DISPLAY_BLANK_STATE_BLANKED);
+        boolean isBlanked = (mAllDisplayBlankStateFromPowerManager == DISPLAY_BLANK_STATE_BLANKED)
+                && (info.flags & DisplayDeviceInfo.FLAG_NEVER_BLANK) == 0;
         display.configureDisplayInTransactionLocked(device, isBlanked);
 
         // Update the viewports if needed.
-        DisplayDeviceInfo info = device.getDisplayDeviceInfoLocked();
         if (!mDefaultViewport.valid
                 && (info.flags & DisplayDeviceInfo.FLAG_DEFAULT_DISPLAY) != 0) {
             setViewportLocked(mDefaultViewport, display, device);
diff --git a/services/java/com/android/server/display/LogicalDisplay.java b/services/java/com/android/server/display/LogicalDisplay.java
index 424ec36..775ebb2 100644
--- a/services/java/com/android/server/display/LogicalDisplay.java
+++ b/services/java/com/android/server/display/LogicalDisplay.java
@@ -202,6 +202,9 @@ final class LogicalDisplay {
             if ((deviceInfo.flags & DisplayDeviceInfo.FLAG_SECURE) != 0) {
                 mBaseDisplayInfo.flags |= Display.FLAG_SECURE;
             }
+            if ((deviceInfo.flags & DisplayDeviceInfo.FLAG_PRIVATE) != 0) {
+                mBaseDisplayInfo.flags |= Display.FLAG_PRIVATE;
+            }
             mBaseDisplayInfo.type = deviceInfo.type;
             mBaseDisplayInfo.address = deviceInfo.address;
             mBaseDisplayInfo.name = deviceInfo.name;
@@ -218,6 +221,8 @@ final class LogicalDisplay {
             mBaseDisplayInfo.smallestNominalAppHeight = deviceInfo.height;
             mBaseDisplayInfo.largestNominalAppWidth = deviceInfo.width;
             mBaseDisplayInfo.largestNominalAppHeight = deviceInfo.height;
+            mBaseDisplayInfo.ownerUid = deviceInfo.ownerUid;
+            mBaseDisplayInfo.ownerPackageName = deviceInfo.ownerPackageName;
 
             mPrimaryDisplayDeviceInfo = deviceInfo;
             mInfo = null;
diff --git a/services/java/com/android/server/display/VirtualDisplayAdapter.java b/services/java/com/android/server/display/VirtualDisplayAdapter.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..634fba7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/java/com/android/server/display/VirtualDisplayAdapter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.display;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.IBinder.DeathRecipient;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.util.ArrayMap;
+import android.util.Slog;
+import android.view.Display;
+import android.view.Surface;
+import android.view.SurfaceControl;
+
+/**
+ * A display adapter that provides virtual displays on behalf of applications.
+ * <p>
+ * Display adapters are guarded by the {@link DisplayManagerService.SyncRoot} lock.
+ * </p>
+ */
+final class VirtualDisplayAdapter extends DisplayAdapter {
+    static final String TAG = "VirtualDisplayAdapter";
+    static final boolean DEBUG = false;
+
+    private final ArrayMap<IBinder, VirtualDisplayDevice> mVirtualDisplayDevices =
+            new ArrayMap<IBinder, VirtualDisplayDevice>();
+
+    // Called with SyncRoot lock held.
+    public VirtualDisplayAdapter(DisplayManagerService.SyncRoot syncRoot,
+            Context context, Handler handler, Listener listener) {
+        super(syncRoot, context, handler, listener, TAG);
+    }
+
+    public DisplayDevice createPrivateVirtualDisplayLocked(IBinder appToken,
+            int ownerUid, String ownerPackageName,
+            String name, int width, int height, int densityDpi, Surface surface) {
+        IBinder displayToken = SurfaceControl.createDisplay(name, false /*secure*/);
+        VirtualDisplayDevice device = new VirtualDisplayDevice(displayToken, appToken,
+                ownerUid, ownerPackageName, name, width, height, densityDpi, surface);
+
+        try {
+            appToken.linkToDeath(device, 0);
+        } catch (RemoteException ex) {
+            device.releaseLocked();
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        mVirtualDisplayDevices.put(appToken, device);
+
+        // Return the display device without actually sending the event indicating
+        // that it was added.  The caller will handle it.
+        return device;
+    }
+
+    public DisplayDevice releaseVirtualDisplayLocked(IBinder appToken) {
+        VirtualDisplayDevice device = mVirtualDisplayDevices.remove(appToken);
+        if (device != null) {
+            appToken.unlinkToDeath(device, 0);
+        }
+
+        // Return the display device that was removed without actually sending the
+        // event indicating that it was removed.  The caller will handle it.
+        return device;
+    }
+
+    private void handleBinderDiedLocked(IBinder appToken) {
+        VirtualDisplayDevice device = mVirtualDisplayDevices.remove(appToken);
+        if (device != null) {
+            Slog.i(TAG, "Virtual display device released because application token died: "
+                    + device.mOwnerPackageName);
+            sendDisplayDeviceEventLocked(device, DISPLAY_DEVICE_EVENT_REMOVED);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final class VirtualDisplayDevice extends DisplayDevice
+            implements DeathRecipient {
+        private final IBinder mAppToken;
+        private final int mOwnerUid;
+        final String mOwnerPackageName;
+        private final String mName;
+        private final int mWidth;
+        private final int mHeight;
+        private final int mDensityDpi;
+
+        private boolean mReleased;
+        private Surface mSurface;
+        private DisplayDeviceInfo mInfo;
+
+        public VirtualDisplayDevice(IBinder displayToken,
+                IBinder appToken, int ownerUid, String ownerPackageName,
+                String name, int width, int height, int densityDpi, Surface surface) {
+            super(VirtualDisplayAdapter.this, displayToken);
+            mAppToken = appToken;
+            mOwnerUid = ownerUid;
+            mOwnerPackageName = ownerPackageName;
+            mName = name;
+            mWidth = width;
+            mHeight = height;
+            mDensityDpi = densityDpi;
+            mSurface = surface;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void binderDied() {
+            synchronized (getSyncRoot()) {
+                if (!mReleased) {
+                    handleBinderDiedLocked(mAppToken);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void releaseLocked() {
+            mReleased = true;
+            sendTraversalRequestLocked();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void performTraversalInTransactionLocked() {
+            if (mReleased && mSurface != null) {
+                mSurface.destroy();
+                mSurface = null;
+            }
+            setSurfaceInTransactionLocked(mSurface);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public DisplayDeviceInfo getDisplayDeviceInfoLocked() {
+            if (mInfo == null) {
+                mInfo = new DisplayDeviceInfo();
+                mInfo.name = mName;
+                mInfo.width = mWidth;
+                mInfo.height = mHeight;
+                mInfo.refreshRate = 60;
+                mInfo.densityDpi = mDensityDpi;
+                mInfo.xDpi = mDensityDpi;
+                mInfo.yDpi = mDensityDpi;
+                mInfo.flags = DisplayDeviceInfo.FLAG_PRIVATE | DisplayDeviceInfo.FLAG_NEVER_BLANK;
+                mInfo.type = Display.TYPE_VIRTUAL;
+                mInfo.touch = DisplayDeviceInfo.TOUCH_NONE;
+                mInfo.ownerUid = mOwnerUid;
+                mInfo.ownerPackageName = mOwnerPackageName;
+            }
+            return mInfo;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/services/java/com/android/server/wm/DisplayContent.java b/services/java/com/android/server/wm/DisplayContent.java
index 82e8c7f..feac370 100644
--- a/services/java/com/android/server/wm/DisplayContent.java
+++ b/services/java/com/android/server/wm/DisplayContent.java
@@ -140,6 +140,13 @@ class DisplayContent {
         return mDisplayInfo;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the specified UID has access to this display.
+     */
+    public boolean hasAccess(int uid) {
+        return mDisplay.hasAccess(uid);
+    }
+
     boolean homeOnTop() {
         return mStackBoxes.get(0).mStack != mHomeStack;
     }
diff --git a/services/java/com/android/server/wm/WindowManagerService.java b/services/java/com/android/server/wm/WindowManagerService.java
index faeb37c..afbc4a9 100644
--- a/services/java/com/android/server/wm/WindowManagerService.java
+++ b/services/java/com/android/server/wm/WindowManagerService.java
@@ -2105,6 +2105,13 @@ public class WindowManagerService extends IWindowManager.Stub
 
             final DisplayContent displayContent = getDisplayContentLocked(displayId);
             if (displayContent == null) {
+                Slog.w(TAG, "Attempted to add window to a display that does not exist: "
+                        + displayId + ".  Aborting.");
+                return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_INVALID_DISPLAY;
+            }
+            if (!displayContent.hasAccess(session.mUid)) {
+                Slog.w(TAG, "Attempted to add window to a display for which the application "
+                        + "does not have access: " + displayId + ".  Aborting.");
                 return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_INVALID_DISPLAY;
             }
 
@@ -7521,7 +7528,7 @@ public class WindowManagerService extends IWindowManager.Stub
     public void getInitialDisplaySize(int displayId, Point size) {
         synchronized (mWindowMap) {
             final DisplayContent displayContent = getDisplayContentLocked(displayId);
-            if (displayContent != null) {
+            if (displayContent != null && displayContent.hasAccess(Binder.getCallingUid())) {
                 synchronized(displayContent.mDisplaySizeLock) {
                     size.x = displayContent.mInitialDisplayWidth;
                     size.y = displayContent.mInitialDisplayHeight;
@@ -7534,7 +7541,7 @@ public class WindowManagerService extends IWindowManager.Stub
     public void getBaseDisplaySize(int displayId, Point size) {
         synchronized (mWindowMap) {
             final DisplayContent displayContent = getDisplayContentLocked(displayId);
-            if (displayContent != null) {
+            if (displayContent != null && displayContent.hasAccess(Binder.getCallingUid())) {
                 synchronized(displayContent.mDisplaySizeLock) {
                     size.x = displayContent.mBaseDisplayWidth;
                     size.y = displayContent.mBaseDisplayHeight;
@@ -7649,7 +7656,7 @@ public class WindowManagerService extends IWindowManager.Stub
     public int getInitialDisplayDensity(int displayId) {
         synchronized (mWindowMap) {
             final DisplayContent displayContent = getDisplayContentLocked(displayId);
-            if (displayContent != null) {
+            if (displayContent != null && displayContent.hasAccess(Binder.getCallingUid())) {
                 synchronized(displayContent.mDisplaySizeLock) {
                     return displayContent.mInitialDisplayDensity;
                 }
@@ -7662,7 +7669,7 @@ public class WindowManagerService extends IWindowManager.Stub
     public int getBaseDisplayDensity(int displayId) {
         synchronized (mWindowMap) {
             final DisplayContent displayContent = getDisplayContentLocked(displayId);
-            if (displayContent != null) {
+            if (displayContent != null && displayContent.hasAccess(Binder.getCallingUid())) {
                 synchronized(displayContent.mDisplaySizeLock) {
                     return displayContent.mBaseDisplayDensity;
                 }