diff options
author | Dirk Dougherty <ddougherty@google.com> | 2013-04-15 15:34:08 -0700 |
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committer | Android Git Automerger <android-git-automerger@android.com> | 2013-04-15 15:34:08 -0700 |
commit | 6859939fe88de8b42117a3d0798dccb0c594e568 (patch) | |
tree | 147c6e5f76ea3416c77230921061c4eae680961b /docs/html/distribute | |
parent | c70e0f5e182ab209ab9b272c1408ac3170ca6345 (diff) | |
parent | 99a79e807b4bab154c9904a05d05dda4b420206a (diff) | |
download | frameworks_base-6859939fe88de8b42117a3d0798dccb0c594e568.zip frameworks_base-6859939fe88de8b42117a3d0798dccb0c594e568.tar.gz frameworks_base-6859939fe88de8b42117a3d0798dccb0c594e568.tar.bz2 |
am 99a79e80: Doc change: add policy guidelines documents.
* commit '99a79e807b4bab154c9904a05d05dda4b420206a':
Doc change: add policy guidelines documents.
Diffstat (limited to 'docs/html/distribute')
-rw-r--r-- | docs/html/distribute/distribute_toc.cs | 123 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | docs/html/distribute/googleplay/policies/ads.jd | 352 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | docs/html/distribute/googleplay/policies/index.jd | 59 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | docs/html/distribute/googleplay/policies/ip.jd | 345 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | docs/html/distribute/googleplay/policies/spam.jd | 421 |
5 files changed, 1217 insertions, 83 deletions
diff --git a/docs/html/distribute/distribute_toc.cs b/docs/html/distribute/distribute_toc.cs index ad3121c..3ea11bf 100644 --- a/docs/html/distribute/distribute_toc.cs +++ b/docs/html/distribute/distribute_toc.cs @@ -1,106 +1,71 @@ <ul id="nav"> <li class="nav-section"> - <div class="nav-section-header"><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/index.html"> - <span class="en">Google Play</span></a> - </div> + <div class="nav-section-header"><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/index.html">Google Play</a></div> <ul> - <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/about/visibility.html"> - <span class="en">Visibility</a></li> - <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/about/monetizing.html"> - <span class="en">Monetizing</a></li> - <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/about/distribution.html"> - <span class="en">Distribution</a></li> + <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/about/visibility.html">Visibility</a></li> + <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/about/monetizing.html">Monetizing</a></li> + <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/about/distribution.html">Distribution</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-section"> - <div class="nav-section-header"><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/publish/index.html"> - <span class="en">Publishing</span></a> - </div> + <div class="nav-section-header"><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/publish/index.html">Publishing</a></div> <ul> - <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/publish/register.html"> - <span class="en">Get Started</span> - </a></li> - <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/publish/console.html"> - <span class="en">Developer Console</span> - </a></li> - <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/publish/preparing.html"> - <span class="en">Publishing Checklist</span> - </a></li> - - </ul> + <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/publish/register.html">Get Started</a></li> + <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/publish/console.html">Developer Console</a></li> + <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/publish/preparing.html">Publishing Checklist</a></li> + </ul> </li> <!-- <li class="nav-section"> - <div class="nav-section-header"><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/developer-console.html"> - <span class="en">The Developer Console</span> - </a> + <div class="nav-section-header"> + <a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/developer-console.html">The Developer Console</a> </div> <ul> - <li class="nav-section"><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/register.html"> - <span class="en">Get Started</span></a></li> - <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/distribution-controls.html"> - <span class="en">Managing Distribution</span> - </a></li> - <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/pricing-billing.html"> - <span class="en">Pricing and Billing</span> - </a></li> - <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/app-data.html"> - <span class="en">Reviewing App Data</span> - </a></li> - <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/advanced-options.html"> - <span class="en">Advanced Options</span> - </a></li> - <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/publishing.html"> - <span class="en">Publishing and Updating</span> - </a></li> + <li class="nav-section"><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/register.html">Get Started</a></li> + <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/distribution-controls.html">Managing Distribution</a></li> + <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/pricing-billing.html">Pricing and Billing</a></li> + <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/app-data.html">Reviewing App Data</a></li> + <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/advanced-options.html">Advanced Options</a></li> + <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/publishing.html">Publishing and Updating</a></li> </ul> </li> end of Developer Console --> - + <li class="nav-section"> - <div class="nav-section-header"><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/promote/index.html"> - <span class="en">Promoting</span></a> + <div class="nav-section-header"><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/promote/index.html">Promoting</a> </div> <ul> -<!-- <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/promote/product-pages.html"> - <span class="en">Your Product Pages</a></li> ---> - <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/promote/linking.html"> - <span class="en">Linking to Your Products</a></li> - <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/promote/badges.html"> - <span class="en">Google Play Badges</a></li> - <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/promote/device-art.html"> - <span class="en">Device Art Generator</a></li> - <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/promote/brand.html"> - <span class="en">Brand Guidelines</a></li> +<!-- <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/promote/product-pages.html">Your Product Pages</a></li> --> + <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/promote/linking.html">Linking to Your Products</a></li> + <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/promote/badges.html">Google Play Badges</a></li> + <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/promote/device-art.html">Device Art Generator</a></li> + <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/promote/brand.html">Brand Guidelines</a></li> </ul> </li> - <li class="nav-section"> - <div class="nav-section-header"><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/quality/index.html"> - <span class="en">App Quality</span></a> - </div> + <div class="nav-section-header"><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/quality/index.html">App Quality</a></div> <ul> - <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/quality/core.html"> - <span class="en">Core App Quality</span> - </a></li> - <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/quality/tablet.html"> - <span class="en">Tablet App Quality</span> - </a></li> - <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/strategies/app-quality.html"> - <span class="en">Improving App Quality</span> - </a></li> - + <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/quality/core.html">Core App Quality</a></li> + <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/quality/tablet.html">Tablet App Quality</a></li> + <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/strategies/app-quality.html">Improving App Quality</a></li> </ul> </li> + <li class="nav-section"> + <div class="nav-section-header"><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/policies/index.html">Policies</a></div> + <ul> + <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/policies/spam.html">Spam</a></li> + <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/policies/ip.html">Intellectual<br />Property</a></li> + <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/policies/ads.html">Ads</a></li> + </ul> + </li> <!-- <li class="nav-section"> <div class="nav-section-header"><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/after.html"> - <span class="en">After Launch</span></a> + After Launch</a> </div> <ul> <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/errors.html.html">Reviewing Errors</a></li> @@ -111,22 +76,14 @@ --> <li class="nav-section"> - <div class="nav-section-header"><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/spotlight/index.html"> - <span class="en">Spotlight</span></a> - </div> + <div class="nav-section-header"><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/spotlight/index.html">Spotlight</a></div> <ul> - <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/spotlight/tablets.html"> - <span class="en">Tablet Stories</span> - </a></li> + <li><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/googleplay/spotlight/tablets.html">Tablet Stories</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-section"> - <div class="nav-section-header empty"> - <a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/open.html"> - <span class="en">Open Distribution</span> - </a> - </div> + <div class="nav-section-header empty"><a href="<?cs var:toroot ?>distribute/open.html">Open Distribution</a></div> </li> </ul>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/html/distribute/googleplay/policies/ads.jd b/docs/html/distribute/googleplay/policies/ads.jd new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8920499 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/html/distribute/googleplay/policies/ads.jd @@ -0,0 +1,352 @@ +page.title=Ads +@jd:body + +<div id="qv-wrapper"> +<div id="qv"> + <h2>In This Document</h2> + <ol> + <li><a href="#content-maturity">Content and Maturity</a></li> + <li><a href="#context">Context and Behavior</a></li> + <li><a href="#disclosure" style="clear:right">Disclosure</a></li> + <li><a href="#impersonation">Impersonation of System UI</a></li> + <li><a href="#adwalls">Adwalls</a></li> + <li><a href="#interfering" style="clear:right;">Interference with Ads and Websites</a></li> + </ol> + + <h2>More Resources</h2> + <ol> + <li><a href="http://play.google.com/about/developer-content-policy.html" target="_policies">Developer Program Policies</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.android.com/us/developer-distribution-agreement.html#showlanguages" target="_policies">Developer Distribution Agreement</a></li> + <li><a href="http://support.google.com/googleplay/android-developer/answer/188189" target="_policies">Maturity Ratings</a></p> + </ol> +</div> +</div> + +<p> + Google Play policies guide how you can use ads in your apps, to help ensure + the best experience for users visiting and downloading apps from the store. +</p> + +<p> + In general, for the purposes of policy, the content of ads displayed by your + app is considered part of your app. As an app developer, it is your + responsibility to ensure that the content, context, and behavior of ads in + your apps conforms to Google Play policies. +</p> + +<p> + Before you publish, make sure you understand Google Play ad policies and how + to display ads in conformance with those policies. The sections below + highlight best practices and common examples to help you avoid the most + common types of policy violations. +</p> + +<p> + For more information about Google Play policies that apply to your apps and + content, please see the <a href= + "http://play.google.com/about/developer-content-policy.html" target= + "_policies">Developer Program Policies</a> and <a href= + "http://play.google.com/about/developer-distribution-agreement.html" target= + "_policies">Developer Distribution Agreement</a>. +</p> + + +<h2 id="content-maturity">Content and Maturity</h2> + +<div class="example-block bad"> + <div class="heading">Ad maturity exceeds app</div> + <img src="{@docRoot}images/gp-policy-ads-maturity-violation.png"> +</div> + +<p> + From a policy perspective, ads shown in your app are part of your content + and your app is responsible for any violations. If an ad shown in your app + violates Google Play policies, your app may be suspended or your developer + account terminated. +</p> + +<p> + For this reason, it's important for you to be be aware of what ads will be + displayed in your app and to manage the ads content according to Google Play + policies. Here are some guidelines: +</p> + +<ul> + <li> + <strong>Ads must not violate Content Policy</strong>—Ads in + your app must not violate the terms of Google Play’s Content Policy, + including those concerning illegal activities, violence, sexually + explicit content, or privacy violations. + </li> + <li> + <strong>Ads maturity must be consistent with your app's + maturity</strong>—Content shown in your ads must be consistent + with the app’s maturity rating in Google Play. Especially, ads content + should never exceed your app's maturity rating, even if the ads content + by itself complies with general policies. + </li> +</ul> + +<p> + In the example at right, the app's maturity rating is set to + "Everyone", which is the lowest maturity level on Google Play. By choosing + the "Everyone" maturity level, the developer is declaring that all of the + content in the app, <em>including ads</em>, is suitable for all users + regardless of age. +</p> + +<p> + The example app violates Google Play policies by displaying ad content with a + higher maturity level—ad content showing gambling, profanity, user + location, suggestive content, or content from another app with higher + maturity exceeds the "Everyone" maturity rating. Because the ad's + maturity is higher than the app's maturity level, the app itself is in + violation of policy. To correct the problem, the developer must either + restrict ads content to "Everyone" level or raise the app's maturity rating. +</p> + +<p> + For detailed information about how to choose the appropriate maturity level + for your app, or to assess the maturity requirement of ads in your app, see + <a href= + "http://support.google.com/googleplay/android-developer/answer/188189" + target="_policies">Rating your application content for Google Play</a>. +</p> + + +<h2 id="context">Context and Behavior</h2> + +<p> + If your app displays ads, it should do so in ways that do not interrupt users, + mislead them into clicking on ads, or make changes outside the app without + the user's knowledge or consent. Here are some guidelines: +</p> + +<ul> + <li> + <strong>Display your ads within your UI</strong>—If possible, + display ads only within your app's UI. This leads to a better user + experience and helps avoid policy violations + </li> + + <li> + <strong>Make sure app origin is clear</strong>—When you display an + ad, it must be clear to the user that the ad has originated from your app. + If you show the ad in your app's UI while your app has focus, the user + understands the ad origin without explicit attribution. However, if you + display the ad outside of your app, such as in a notification, you must + explicitly indicate the origin. + </li> + + <li> + <strong>Don't make changes outside of the app without consent</strong> + —Ads must not make changes outside of the app without the user's + full knowledge and consent. For example, ads should not install shortcuts, + bookmarks, or icons, or change default settings without user consent. + </li> + + <li> + <strong>Changes outside the app must be reversible</strong>—If an + ad makes changes outside the app as described above, the changes (and + origin app) must be evident and easily reversible. For example, the user + must be able to locate and reverse the changes by adjusting settings, + changing ad preferences in the app, or uninstalling the app altogether. + </li> + + <li> + <strong>Notification ads require user opt-in</strong>—Your app + should not create <a href= + "{@docRoot}design/patterns/notifications.html">notifications</a> + containing ads unless the user has specifically opted-in to this behavior + and is able to easily opt-out. + </li> + + <li> + <strong>Use low priority for notification ads</strong>—Always + assign your notification ads <a href=" + {@docRoot}reference/android/app/Notification.html#PRIORITY_LOW">low + priority</a> (for API level 16 and above). + </li> +</ul> + +<div class="example-block bad" style="width:400px;margin:.5em 0 0 2em;"> + <div class="heading">Does not fully indicate origin app</div> + <img src="{@docRoot}images/gp-policy-ads-notif-attr-violation.png"> +</div> +<div class="example-block good" style="width:400px;margin:.5em 0 0 2em;"> + <div class="heading">Indicates origin app by name and icon</div> + <img src="{@docRoot}images/gp-policy-ads-notif-attr.png"> +</div> + +<p> + In particular, note that notification ads must clearly identify your app as + the ad origin. If your app sends notification ads that do not sufficiently + identify your app as the origin, the app will be in violation of policy. +</p> + +<p> + To identify your app as the origin, you should display the <strong>app's full + name and and icon</strong> in the notification to provide the clearest + identification and best policy compliance. Displaying a partial app name can + also be sufficient, provided the name unambiguously identifies your app. +</p> + +<p> + Above right is an example notification ad that violates ad policy by not + providing attribution of the origin app. Below right, the notification ads + comply with policy by providing both the app icon and full app name (in this + case, "Turtle Test"). +</p> + + +<h2 id="disclosure" style="clear:right">Disclosure of Ads to Users</h2> + +<p> + It's important to sufficiently disclose to users how your app will use ads. + You must make it easy for users to understand what ads will be shown in your + app, where they will be shown, and what the associated behaviors are, if any. + Further, you should ask for user consent and provide options for managing ads + or opt-out. Here are some guidelines: +</p> + +<ul> + <li> + <strong>Tell users about your ads</strong>—Create a simple, + complete disclosure that tells users how your app uses ads, where the ads + are shown, and how they can manage ad options. Take common-sense steps to + make the disclosure as clear as possible. + </li> + + <li> + <strong>Make sure users know</strong>—Present your ads disclosure + is an easy-to-see location, rather than hiding it where users are not + likely to find it. + </li> + + <li> + <strong>Ask for consent (opt-in) at launch</strong>—Where possible, + include your ads disclosure in the app description as well as in an Ads + Terms, End User License Agreement (EULA), or similar document. Display the + terms at first launch and ask for the user's consent before continuing to + the app. + </li> +</ul> + +<p> + A recommended approach is to provide an ads disclosure in an End-User License + Agreement (EULA). The disclosure should be clear and succinct and displayed + in a modal dialog that asks the user to agree to the terms before using the + app. +</p> + +<p> + If your app adds homescreen icons and/or browser bookmarks, an acceptable + practice for revealing that behavior is to provide a disclosure in both the + app description and an opt-in EULA on app launch. This ensures that the + behaviors are clearly explained to the user up-front and requires the user’s + consent in a pop-up EULA to continue using the app. +</p> + +<div class="example-block good" style="width:213px;margin-right:2em;"> + <div class="heading">Disclosure in Terms</div> + <img src="{@docRoot}images/gp-policy-ads-terms.png"> +</div> + +<div class="example-block good" style="width:213px;"> + <div class="heading">Disclosure in EULA</div> + <img src="{@docRoot}images/gp-policy-ads-eula.png"> +</div> + +<div class="example-block bad" style="width:213px;margin-left:0em;"> + <div class="heading">Disclosure is hidden</div> + <img src="{@docRoot}images/gp-policy-ads-eula-violation.png"> +</div> + +<p style="clear:right"> + Above left is an example of ads disclosure that is hidden in a long EULA. The + disclosure information itself is not clearly indicated in the document text + and it's not visible unless the user happens to scroll down far enough in the + EULA. Above middle and right show two alternative approaches that + present the disclosure in an obvious and clear manner at the top of a + EULA and in a dedicated Terms agreement. +</p> + + +<h2 id="impersonation">Impersonation of System UI</h2> + +<div class="example-block bad"> + <div class="heading">Ad impersonates system dialog</div> + <img src="{@docRoot}images/gp-policy-ads-impersonate-violation.png"> +</div> + +<p> + Your app must not display any ad that attempts to impersonate or represent a + system function or UI component. If such an ad is displayed in your app, your + app will be in violation of policy and subject to suspension. Here are some + guidelines: +</p> + +<ul> + <li> + <strong>No fake system dialogs or warnings</strong>—Any ad that + presents itself as a system dialog or warning and asks for user input is in + violation of Google Play policies. + </li> + + <li> + <strong>No fake app updates</strong>—Ads should not impersonate + system UI for app updates. + </li> +</ul> + +<p> + At right is an example of a pop-up ad impersonating a system dialog, warning + the user about viruses. This is a violation of policy. +</p> + + +<h2 id="adwalls">Adwalls</h2> + +<div class="example-block good" style="width:213px;"> + <div class="heading">Adwall lets user cancel</div> + <img src="{@docRoot}images/gp-policy-ads-paywall.png"> +</div> + +<div class="example-block bad" style="width:213px;"> + <div class="heading">Adwall forces user action</div> + <img src="{@docRoot}images/gp-policy-ads-paywall-violation.png"> +</div> + +<p> + If your app uses adwalls to drive affiliate traffic, those adwalls must not + force the user to click on ads or submit personal information for advertising + purposes before using the app. +</p> + +<p> + Forcing a user action in an adwall is not only a poor user experience, it is + a violation of Google Play policies. +</p> + +<p> + For this reason, <strong>all adwalls must give the user the option to + cancel</strong> or otherwise dismiss the ad without penalty. +</p> + +<p> + At right is an example of an app that requires the user to click through the + ad to fully use the app. This is a violation of policy. +</p> + +<p> + The adjacent example demonstrates an adequate option to let the user dismiss + the ad wall easily by cancelling. +</p> + + +<h2 id="interfering" style="clear:right;">Interference with Third-party Ads and Websites</h2> + +<p> + Ads associated with your app <strong>must not interfere</strong> with any + other ads originating in other applications. +</p>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/html/distribute/googleplay/policies/index.jd b/docs/html/distribute/googleplay/policies/index.jd new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fb46055 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/html/distribute/googleplay/policies/index.jd @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +page.title=Google Play Policies and Guidelines +page.metaDescription=Guidelines and tips for creating apps that comply with Google Play content and distribution policies. +@jd:body + +<p> + Before publishing your apps on Google Play, take a few minutes to read and + understand the content and distribution policies that apply to all apps + in the store. These policies help to keep Android and Google Play an enjoyable + and trusted platform for content consumers and developers alike. +</p> + +<p> + The documents below highlight important policy areas and provide tips to help + you create policy-compliant apps. You'll also find examples and guidance on common + policy questions that can help your app stay clear of practices that can result in + low ratings or even suspensions from the store. +</p> + +<p> + For complete information about Google Play policies, please see the full + <a href="http://play.google.com/about/developer-content-policy.html" target= + "_policies">Developer Program Policies</a> and <a href= + "http://play.google.com/about/developer-distribution-agreement.html" target= + "_policies">Developer Distribution Agreement</a> documents. +</p> + +<div class="vspace size-1"> + +</div> +<div class="layout-content-row"> + <div class="layout-content-col span-4"> + <h4> + Spam + </h4> + <p> + Make sure that your app does not present content that is unwanted, + deceptive, repetitive, or unrelated to the core function of the app. + </p><a href="{@docRoot}distribute/googleplay/policies/spam.html">Learn more »</a> + </div> + <div class="layout-content-col span-4"> + <h4> + Intellectual Property + </h4> + <p> + Tips and examples of how to use intelletual property (IP) properly, + including when to ask permission to use someone else's copyright or + trademark. + </p><a href="{@docRoot}distribute/googleplay/policies/ip.html">Learn more »</a> + </div> + <div class="layout-content-col span-4"> + <h4> + Ads + </h4> + <p> + Make sure that the ads displayed in your app follow the Google Play Content + Policy and meet the maturity rating that you have selected for your app. + </p><a href="{@docRoot}distribute/googleplay/policies/ads.html">Learn more »</a> + </div> +</div>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/html/distribute/googleplay/policies/ip.jd b/docs/html/distribute/googleplay/policies/ip.jd new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0d1f68d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/html/distribute/googleplay/policies/ip.jd @@ -0,0 +1,345 @@ +page.title=Intellectual Property +@jd:body + +<div id="qv-wrapper"> +<div id="qv"> + <h2>In This Document</h2> + <ol> + <li><a href="#copyright">Copyright Infringement</a></li> + <li><a href="#impersonation">Impersonation</a></li> + <li><a href="#trademarks">Trademark Infringement</a></li> + <li><a href="#other">DDA 4.4 Prohibited Actions</a></li> + </ol> + + <h2>More Resources</h2> + <ol> + <li><a href="http://play.google.com/about/developer-content-policy.html" + target="_policies">Developer Program Policies</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.android.com/us/developer-distribution-agreement.html#showlanguages" + target="_policies">Developer Distribution Agreement</a></li> + </ol> +</div> +</div> + +<p> + Google Play policies protect your intellectual property (IP) as well as that + of other app developers and content creators in the store. The policies and + their enforcements help ensure proper use of copyright, trademarks, and + developer identity in Google Play. +</p> + +<p> + As an app developer, these IP policies benefit you. At the same time, it's + your responsibility to ensure that your app does not violate the IP of other + developers or content creators. Violations of IP-related policy may result in + suspension of your apps from the store and termination of your developer + account. +</p> + +<p> + This document introduces several key areas of IP-related policy that you + should understand before publishing on Google Play. In each area you'll find + best practices and examples to help you avoid common types of mistakes and + violations. +</p> + +<p> + For more information about Google Play policies that apply to your apps and + content, please see the <a href= + "http://play.google.com/about/developer-content-policy.html" target= + "_policies">Developer Program Policies</a> and <a href= + "http://play.google.com/about/developer-distribution-agreement.html" target= + "_policies">Developer Distribution Agreement</a>. +</p> + + + +<h2 id="copyright">Copyright Infringement</h2> + +<p> + Copyright is the legal right granted to an author or creator for a literary, + dramatic or artistic piece of work. As soon as you create an original piece + of work and fix it in a tangible medium, the work is automatically protected + by copyright law and you are the owner of the copyright. Likewise, when other + people create content, they may own the copyrights for those works. +</p> + + +<div class="sidebox-wrapper"> +<div class="sidebox"> +<h2>How to report infringements</h2> +<p>If you feel your copyright is being infringed, you may file a Digital Millenium + Copyright Act (DMCA) request. Please see <a + href="http://support.google.com/bin/request.py?&product=androidmarket&contact_type=lr_dmca" + target="_policies">copyright procedures</a> for more information.</p> +</div> +</div> + +<p> + Copyright infringement is an improper or unauthorized use of a copyrighted + work. If you publish an app in Google Play that uses another party's copyrighted + works improperly or without permission, your apps can be suspended and your + developer account terminated. +</p> + +<p> + As you design your app and prepare for publishing, make sure to review Google + Play policies and analyze all of your content. If your app uses or links to + another party's original work, make sure that your app is not infringing on + copyright. Not all uses of another party’s work are infringements on + copyright, and the rules vary by country and can be complex. +</p> + +<p> + If you are unsure whether your use of another party's work infringes on a + copyright, consider getting legal advice before publishing, or simply request + permission to use the work from the copyright owner. +</p> + +<p> + Here are some guidelines to help you avoid copyright infringement policy + violations: +</p> + +<ul> + <li> + <strong>Respect copyright laws</strong>—Do not let your app infringe + on the copyrights of others. That includes linking to other apps or web + sites that contain obviously infringing material (please refer to the <a href=" + {@docRoot}distribute/googleplay/policies/spam.html#webview-spam">Spam in WebViews</a> guidelines), and using icons or images that are obvious infringements. + </li> + + <li> + <strong>Know your app's content</strong>—Before you publish, look + for content that may be protected by trademark or copyright in your app + and get legal advice if necessary. Protected work could typically include + product names, brands, images, music, and similar works. + </li> + + <li> + <strong>Create original work</strong>—If you’re not sure whether + something will violate another party's copyright, the safest approach is to + create something that's completely original, such as images or audio + that you’ve created yourself. When you create your own original content, + you rarely have to worry about infringing on existing copyright. + </li> + + <li> + <strong>Ask permission to use copyrighted work</strong>—If you want + to use another party's copyrighted work in your app, you should ask for + permission from the work's creator or copyright owner and include + appropriate copyright attribution. + </li> +</ul> + +<p> + A common misunderstanding is believing that your app may use copyrighted + content without permission, provided that you clearly indicate that your app + is not the "official" app that readers may be familiar with. That is not the + case. Even if you let users know that your app is "unofficial", it still + violates Google Play policies if it uses or links to copyrighted content + without permission. Also, this type of "unofficial" app may violate <a + href="#impersonation">impersonation policies</a>. +</p> + +<p> + The example app below shows an app that uses screenshots/images of known + artists without their authorization and lists popular songs. The combination + of these may induce users to download music ringtones that infringe on + copyright. This is a violation of Google Play policy. +</p> + +<div class="example-block bad" style="width:100%;float:none;margin:.5em auto 2em 0;"> + <div class="heading">Images and downloads that violate copyright</div> + <img src="{@docRoot}images/gp-policy-ip-copyright-violation.png"> +</div> + + +<h2 id="impersonation">Impersonation</h2> + +<p> + Impersonation is when an app attempts to imply a relationship to another app + or developer, where no relationship actually exists. +</p> + +<p> + For example, if your app displays the brand, icon, or title from another app + in order to get to users to download your app, you are leading users to + believe that your app is developed by the same entity as the other app and + offers similar content or experience. This is an impersonation of the other + app and developer, and it is a violation of Google Play policy. If you + publish apps that violate impersonation policies, your apps can be suspended + and your developer account terminated. +</p> + +<p> + No matter what type of app you offer or what your motivation, don’t try to + imply an endorsement or relationship to another company or product where none + exists. Don’t try to establish your app as the "official" version of another + party's work by prominently featuring their brand names or trademarks in your + app title or description. +</p> + +<p> + Even if your app description states that your app is an "unofficial" version, + the use of the other app's branding, trademarks, and other content still can + violate policy by presenting content that isn’t yours. +</p> + +<p> + Here are some guidelines: +</p> + +<ul> + <li> + <strong>Don't pretend to be someone else</strong>— Don't represent + that your content is produced by another company or organization if that is + not the case. + </li> + + <li> + <strong>Don't support infringing sites or apps</strong>— Don't divert + users or provide links to any other site that mimics Google Play or + represents itself as another application or service. + </li> + + <li> + <strong>Don't use another app's branding</strong>— Don’t try to pass + off your app as the official version of someone else’s property by using a + person or entity (or brand) name in your app title or description. + </li> +</ul> + +<p> + Below is an example of an "unofficial" app that violates Google Play policy + by impersonating another company and an existing product. Specifically: +</p> + +<ul> + <li>The example app has a name and icon that appear to be impersonating an + existing product. + </li> + + <li>The example developer name implies an endorsement or relationship to + another company and their products where none exists. + </li> +</ul> + +<div class="example-block bad" style="width:100%;float:none;margin:.5em auto 2em 0;"> + <div class="heading">App name, icon, and developer name that impersonate another</div> + <img src="{@docRoot}images/gp-policy-ip-impersonation-violation.png"> +</div> + + +<h2 id="trademarks">Trademark Infringement</h2> + +<p> + A trademark is a brand that uniquely identifies a product and distinguishes + it from other products. It can be a word, name, symbol, or combination of + those that is intended to identify the source of the product. A trademark is + specifically acquired by a company or other entity through a legal process + and once acquired gives the owner exclusive rights to the trademark usage. +</p> + +<div class="sidebox-wrapper"> +<div class="sidebox"> +<h2>How to report infringements</h2> +<p>If you feel your trademark is being infringed, you can request a content review. +See <a href="http://support.google.com/bin/static.py?&ts=1114905&page=ts.cs" +target="_policies">Removing content from Google</a> for more information.</p> +</div> +</div> + +<p> + Trademark infringement is improper or unauthorized use of a trademark. Google + Play policies prohibit apps that infringe trademarks. If you publish apps in + Google Play that use another party's trademarks, your apps can be suspended + and your developer account terminated. +</p> + +<p> + As you design your app and prepare for publishing, make sure to review Google + Play policies and analyze all of your content. If your app uses a trademark + not owned by you, or if you are not sure whether a brand is a trademark, you + should get legal advice before publishing. As with copyright, the rules vary + by country and can be complex. +</p> + +<p> + Here are some guidelines for avoiding trademark infringement policy + violations: +</p> + +<ul> + <li> + <strong>Understand and follow trademark laws</strong>—Don't let your + app infringe on the trademarks of others. + </li> + + <li> + <strong>Know your app's content</strong>—Before you publish, look for + brands and potential trademarks used in your app and store listing and get + legal advice if necessary. + </li> + + <li> + <strong>Use a distinct name</strong>—Don't give your app a name that + is confusingly similar to another company's trademark. + </li> + + <li> + <strong>Don't use trademarks to imply a relationship</strong>—Don't + describe your app using another company's trademarks in a way that implies + an endorsement by or affiliation with the other company. + </li> + + <li> + <strong>Use a distinct app icon and logo</strong>—Don't use a + modified version of another company’s trademarked logo. + </li> +</ul> + +<p> + A common misunderstanding is believing that your app may use a brand or + trademark without permission, provided you clearly indicate that the app is + not the "official" or original app. That is not the case. Even if you let + users know that your app is "unofficial", it still violates Google Play + policies if it uses another party's trademarks. Also, this type of + "unofficial" app may violate <a href="#impersonation">impersonation + policies</a>. +</p> + +<p> + Below is an example app that violates Google Play policies by infringing on + another party's trademarks. Specifically: +</p> + +<ul> + <li>The example app name is confusingly similar to another party's trademark.</li> + <li>The example app icon is a modified version of a another party's logo.</li> +</ul> + +<div class="example-block bad" style="width:100%;float:none;margin:.5em auto 2em 0;"> + <div class="heading">App name and icon that infringe trademarks</div> + <img src="{@docRoot}images/gp-policy-ip-trademark-violation.png"> +</div> + + +<h2 id="other">DDA 4.4 Prohibited Actions</h2> + +<p> + When you publish an app on Google Play, you agree to the terms of the + Developer Distribution Agreement (DDA). Section 4.4 of the DDA prohibits certain + types of actions on your part. For reference, you agree that you will not + engage in any activity with the Market, including the development or + distribution of Products, that interferes with, disrupts, damages, or + accesses in an unauthorized manner the devices, servers, networks, or other + properties or services of any third party including, but not limited to, + Android users, Google or any mobile network operator. +</p> + +<p> + For details, please refer to the complete <a href= + "http://play.google.com/about/developer-distribution-agreement.html" target= + "_policies">Developer Distribution Agreement</a>. +</p>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/html/distribute/googleplay/policies/spam.jd b/docs/html/distribute/googleplay/policies/spam.jd new file mode 100644 index 0000000..602c89a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/html/distribute/googleplay/policies/spam.jd @@ -0,0 +1,421 @@ +page.title=Spam +@jd:body + +<div id="qv-wrapper"> +<div id="qv"> + <h2>In This Document</h2> + <ol> + <li><a href="#keyword-spam">Spam in App Title and Description</a></li> + <li><a href="#ratings">Spam in Ratings and Reviews</a></li> + <li><a href="#webview-spam">Spam in WebViews</a></li> + <li><a href="#wizard-spam">Spam from Wizards</a></li> + <li><a href="#message-spam">Spam in Messaging</a></li> + </ol> + + <h2>More Resources</h2> + <ol> + <li><a href="http://play.google.com/about/developer-content-policy.html" target="_policies">Developer Program Policies</a></li> + <li><a href="http://play.google.com/about/developer-distribution-agreement.html" target="_policies">Developer Distribution Agreement</a></li> + </ol> +</div> +</div> + +<p> + Google Play policies prohibit spam, to help ensure the best experience for + Android users. Please do not publish deceptive, repetitive, or irrelevant + content on Google Play. Not only will it lower your app's rating and cause + negative reviews, it can result in your app being suspended or your developer + account terminated. +</p> + +<p> + As an app developer, it is your responsibility to ensure that your apps are + free from spam and conform to the Google Play policies highlighted in this + document. Before you publish, make sure that you understand what is + considered spam on Google Play and check your apps for violations, even those + that might be inadvertent. The sections below highlight best practices and + common spam examples to help you avoid the most common types of policy + violations. +</p> + +<p> + For more information about Google Play policies that apply to your apps and + content, please see the <a href= + "http://play.google.com/about/developer-content-policy.html" target= + "_policies">Developer Program Policies</a> and <a href= + "http://play.google.com/about/developer-distribution-agreement.html" target= + "_policies">Developer Distribution Agreement</a>. +</p> + + +<h2 id="keyword-spam">Spam in App Title and Description</h2> + +<p> + When you publish an app on Google Play, you should pay special attention to + the app's title and description in its store listing. Those fields are + important because they make your app recognizable to users, and they help to + drive downloads by highlighting what's great about your app. A memorable + title and compelling description are essential to effective marketing, but + you should realize that these must follow Google Play policies, just as your + app content must do. +</p> + +<p> + Many developers unknowingly violate spam policy in their app titles and + descriptions in ways that are easy to avoid. In general, you can + avoid spam violations in your app title and description by following these + best practices: +</p> + +<ul> + <li> + <strong>Highlight what's great about your app</strong>—Share + interesting and exciting facts about your app with users. Help users + understand what makes your app special. + </li> + + <li> + <strong>Describe your app accurately</strong>—Make sure the title + and description describe the app function and user experience accurately. + </li> + + <li> + <strong>Don't use repetitive keywords</strong>—Avoid keywords that + are repetitive or excessive. + </li> + + <li> + <strong>Don't include unrelated keywords or references</strong> — + Your description should not be loaded with irrelevant keywords in an + attempt to manipulate ranking or relevancy. + </li> + + <li> + <strong>Keep it brief</strong>—Keep the description succinct and + straightforward. Shorter descriptions tend to give a better user experience + on devices with smaller displays. Excessive length, detail, or repetition + can violate spam policy. + </li> +</ul> + +<p> + Here's an example app title and description that follows best practices and + does not violate Google Play spam policies. +</p> + +<div class="example-block good" style="width:100%;float:none;margin:.5em auto 2em 0;"> + <div class="heading">Best practice: App description</div> + <table> + <tr> + <td>App Title:</td> + <td>Kids puzzle: Identify Turtles</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td style="white-space:nowrap;">App Description:</td> + <td> + <p>This is the perfect app to have a good time with your children. It + is designed to help kids learn different species of turtles through + cute pictures and amusing puzzle games.</p> + <p>The rules of Kids puzzle: Identify Turtles are quite simple. Have + your child drag images around the screen to fit them into the shaded + region. Phonics is also utilized, as a child can also tap the word + below the image and hear the name pronounced.</p> + </td> + </tr> + </table> +</div> + +<p> + The sections below highlight common types of policy violations in an app + title and description, illustrated with variations on the best practice + example. +</p> + +<h3 id="repetitive-keywords">Repetitive keywords</h3> + +<p> + Your app description should not include keywords that are repetitive or excessive. +</p> + +<div class="example-block bad" style="width:100%;float:none;margin:.5em auto 2em 0;"> + <div class="heading">Description includes repetitive keywords</div> + <table> + <tr> + <td>App Title:</td> + <td>Kids puzzle: Identify Turtles</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td style="white-space:nowrap;">App Description:</td> + <td> + <p>This is the perfect app to have a good time with your children. It is + designed to help kids learn different species of turtles through cute + pictures and amusing puzzle games.</p> + <p>The rules of Kids puzzle: Identify Turtles are quite simple. Have your + child drag images around the screen to fit them into the shaded region. + Phonics is also utilized, as a child can also tap the word below the image + and hear the name pronounced.</p> + <p style="border:2px solid red;">KEYWORDS: game, games, fun, funny, child, + children, kid, kids, puzzle, puzzle games, sound, turtle, turtles, sea turtles, + turtles, turtle, turtles, tortoise, tortoises, tortoise, tortoise, turtles, + turtles, turtles, turtles, tortoises, tortoise</p> + </td> + </tr> + </table> +</div> + +<h3 id="unrelated-keywords">Unrelated keywords or references</h3> + +<p> + The description should not be loaded with irrelevant keywords in an attempt + to manipulate ranking or relevancy in Google Play search results. +</p> + +<p> + For example, if your app has nothing to do with Lady Gaga, then she shouldn’t + be included in your description. Also, do not add highly searched, irrelevant + keywords that are unrelated to the function of the app. This is in breach of + policy. +</p> + +<div class="example-block bad" style="width:100%;float:none;margin:.5em auto 2em 0;"> + <div class="heading">Description includes unrelated keywords or references</div> + <table> + <tr> + <td>App Title:</td> + <td>Kids puzzle: Identify Turtles</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td style="white-space:nowrap;">App Description:</td> + <td> + <p>This is the perfect app to have a good time with your children. It is designed to + help kids learn different species of turtles through cute pictures and amusing puzzle + games.</p> + <p>The rules of Kids puzzle: Identify Turtles are quite simple. Have your child drag + images around the screen to fit them into the shaded region. Phonics is also utilized, + as a child can also tap the word below the image and hear the name pronounced.</p> + <p style="border:2px solid red;">This game is as addictive as Angry Birds, more social + than Facebook and Twitter, and has a soundtrack reminiscent of Katy Perry and Lady + Gaga.</p> + <p style="border:2px solid red;">KEYWORDS: Angry Birds, Facebook, Twitter, Katy Perry, + Lady Gaga</p> + </td> + </tr> + </table> +</div> + +<h3 id="excessive-detail">Excessive detail, references to your other apps</h3> + +<p> + Your app description should avoid excessive detail and references to your + other apps or products. For example, you should not list all of the details + of content included in the app or its various components, as shown in the + example below. Also, the description should not include any references to + other apps you’ve published. +</p> + +<div class="example-block bad" style="width:100%;float:none;margin:.5em auto 2em 0;"> + <div class="heading">Description includes excessive detail, references to your other apps</div> + <table> + <tr> + <td>App Title:</td> + <td>Kids puzzle: Identify Turtles</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td style="white-space:nowrap;">App Description:</td> + <td> + <p>This is the perfect app to have a good time with your children. It is designed + to help kids learn different species of turtles through cute pictures and amusing + puzzle games.</p> + <p>The rules of Kids puzzle: Identify Turtles are quite simple. Have your child + drag images around the screen to fit them into the shaded region. Phonics is also + utilized, as a child can also tap the word below the image and hear the name + pronounced.</p> + <p style="border:2px solid red;">Turtles included in the app: Alligator + Snapping Turtle, Asian Box Turtle, Bog Turtle, Common Musk Turtle, Common Snapping + Turtle, Diamondback Terrapin, Eastern Box Turtle, Eastern Mud Turtle, Eastern Painted + Turtle, False Map Turtle, Florida Pond Cooter, Florida Softshell Turtle, Green Sea + Turtle, Map Turtle, Matamata Ornate Box Turtle, Red-bellied Side-necked Turtle, + Red-eared Slider, Smooth Softshell Turtle, Spiny Softshell Turtle, Spotted Turtle, + Western Painted Turtle, Wood Turtle, Yellow-bellied Slider</p> + <p style="border:2px solid red;">If you like this app try our other free apps:<br /> + ★ Fun Zoo<br /> + ★ CD Guns<br /> + ★ Dessert House<br /> + ★ Playground<br /> + ★ 578 Weapons</p> + </td> + </tr> + </table> +</div> + + +<h2 id="ratings">Spam in Ratings and Reviews</h2> + +<p> + Ratings and reviews are benchmarks of app quality and users depend on them to + be authentic and relevant. As an app developer, you should not attempt to + artificially influence your app's ratings and reviews or those of your + competitor, such as by posting fake ratings or reviews or including spam + content in app reviews. The sections below provide guidelines for rating and + reviewing apps. +</p> + +<p> + So that you can stay in touch with any issues that users are having with your + app, you should read through your ratings and reviews on a regular basis. If + you choose to reply to reviews, make sure to keep your reply focused on the + actual issues raised in the user's comments and do not ask for a higher + rating. +</p> + +<p> + If you see an app or developer reply that doesn’t follow these guidelines, + you can report it. See <a href= + "http://support.google.com/googleplay/android-developer/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=113417&topic=2364761&ctx=topic" + target="_policies">Inappropriate content in comments and applications</a> for + more information. +</p> + +<div class="example-block bad" style="width:440px;"> + <div class="heading">Inappropriate content in a review</div> + <img src="{@docRoot}images/gp-policy-spam-negreview.png"> +</div> + +<div class="example-block bad" style="margin-top:3em;"> + <div class="heading">Soliciting ratings</div> + <img src="{@docRoot}images/gp-policy-spam-reqrating.png"> +</div> + +<h3 id="fake-ratings">Fake or inappropriate ratings and reviews</h3> + +<p> + To help ensure the quality of ratings and reviews, Google Play policies limit + the ways that individuals can use ratings and reviews. In particular, note + that it is a violation of policy to use ratings and reviews to influence the + placement of any app in Google Play. +</p> + +<p> + As an app developer, make sure that you follow these guidelines: +</p> + +<ul> + <li> + <strong>Don't try to manipulate ratings</strong>—Do not engage in + attempts to manipulate the ratings, reviews, or ranking of your apps, + either directly or indirectly, or by manipulating the ratings of your + competitors. Do not attempt to artificially boost reviews, ratings, or + installs through any means. + </li> + + <li> + <strong>Don't solicit ratings through incentives</strong>—Do not + offer users any incentives to rate your app, such as offering rewards of + any kind or tying app functionality to rating. + </li> + + <li> + <strong>Don't rate apps multiple times</strong>—Do not review or + rate any app multiple times in an attempt to influence its placement in + Google Play. + </li> + + <li> + <strong>Don't add improper content to reviews</strong>—Do not + include affiliate, coupon, game codes, email addresses, or links to + websites or other apps in your reviews. If you are responding to a user + review, feel free to include references to helpful resources such as a + support address or FAQ page. + </li> +</ul> + +<h3 id="solicited-ratings">Soliciting ratings from users</h3> + +<p> + In general, <strong>do not offer incentives for ratings</strong>. You should + not offer users incentives of any kind for rating your app (or any other app) + on Google Play, and you should not tie your app's functionality or content to + rating in any way. +</p> + +<p> + It's acceptable to ask users to rate your app without incentives, for + example: "If you like this game, rate us in Google Play!" On the other hand, + it's a policy violation to ask users to rate your app based on incentives, + for example: "Rate this app and get 500 coins" or "Rate this app 5 stars and + get you 500 coins!" +</p> + + +<h2 id="webview-spam" style="clear:right">Spam in WebViews</h2> + +<p> + Apps published on Google Play should provide their own content. Do not + publish an app whose primary function is to reproduce or frame someone else’s + website (unless you have permission). +</p> + +<p> + Similarly, do not publish an app whose primary function is to drive affiliate + traffic to a website. Although affiliate deals can exist where an app's + primary purpose is delivering its own content or functionality, it's a + violation of Google Play policies to publish an app whose primary (or + only) purpose is to direct affiliate traffic to another website. +</p> + +<div class="example-block bad" style="width:100%;float:none;margin:.5em auto 2em 0;"> + <div class="heading">WebView spam</div> + <table> + <tr> + <td>App Title:</td> + <td>Kids puzzle: Desktop Browser for Turtoogle Game</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Developer:</td> + <td>AAZZZ <span style="border:2px solid red;">(not affiliated with Turtoogle + Inc.)</span></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td style="white-space:nowrap;">App Description:</td> + <td> + <p>Have you ever wanted to use the full, desktop web version of Turtoogle + Game from your phone or tablet instead of the Turtoogle Game mobile app + or Turtoogle Game mobile web site?</p> + <p style="border:2px solid red;">This app lets you access Turtoogle Game + on your Android device in the same way as you access the game on your + desktop computer, and with all the same Turtoogle Game features.</p> + </td> + </tr> + </table> +</div> + + +<h2 id="wizard-spam">Spam from Wizards</h2> + +<p> + Apps that are created by an automated tool or wizard service must not be + submitted to Google Play by the operator of that service on behalf of other + persons. Such tools often produce too many duplicative or low-quality + apps which crowd the higher-quality apps in the Play Store. +</p> + +<p> + Please be advised that apps created by an automated tool are only permissible + if the app end-product complies with Google Play policies and is published in + the Play Store through a developer account that is registered and owned by + you. +</p> + + +<h2 id="message-spam">Spam in Messaging</h2> + +<p> + Your app may not send SMS, email, or other messages on behalf of the user + without providing the user with the ability to confirm the content and intended + recipient. +</p> + +<p> + Google Play will aggressively remove applications that are found to send or + modify SMS messages without user knowledge or consent. +</p>
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