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diff --git a/docs/html/tools/studio/eclipse-transition-guide.jd b/docs/html/tools/studio/eclipse-transition-guide.jd new file mode 100644 index 0000000..aaacbe3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/html/tools/studio/eclipse-transition-guide.jd @@ -0,0 +1,773 @@ +page.title=Transition Guide for Eclipse ADT +@jd:body + + +<div id="qv-wrapper"> +<div id="qv"> + +<h2>In this document</h2> + <ol> + <li><a href="#project-structure">Project Structure</a></li> + <li><a href="#manifest-settings">Manifest Settings</a></li> + <li><a href="#dependencies">Dependencies</a></li> + <li><a href="#build-process">Gradle-based Build Process</a></li> + <li><a href="#debug-inspect">Debugging and Code Inspections</a></li> + <li><a href="#resource-optimization">Resource Optimization</a></li> + <li><a href="#signing">App Signing</a></li> + <li><a href="#support-lib">Android Support Repository and Google Play services Repository</a></li> + <li><a href="#app-package">App Packaging</a></li> + <li><a href="#software-updates">Software Updates </a></li> + <li><a href="#version-control">Version Control</a></li> + </ol> + + <h2>See also</h2> + <ol> + <li><a class="external-link" + href="http://confluence.jetbrains.com/display/IntelliJIDEA/FAQ+on+Migrating+to+IntelliJ+IDEA"> + IntelliJ FAQ on migrating to IntelliJ IDEA</a></li> + <li><a class="external-link" + href="https://confluence.jetbrains.com/display/IntelliJIDEA/IntelliJ+IDEA+for+Eclipse+Users"> + IntelliJ IntelliJ for Eclipse Users</a></li> + <li><a href="{@docRoot}tools/studio/index.html">Android Studio Overview</a> </li> + </ol> + +</div> +</div> + + +<p>This document describes the differences between Eclipse ADT and Android Studio, including project + structure, build system, debugging, and application packaging. This guide is intended to help you + transition to using Android Studio as your development environment.</p> + +<h2 id="project-structure">Project Structure </h2> +<p>Eclipse provides workspaces as a common area for grouping related projects, configurations, and +settings. In Android Studio, each instance of Android Studio contains a top-level project with one +or more app modules. Each app module folder contains the equivalent to an Eclipse +project, the complete source sets for that module, including {@code src/main} and +{@code src/androidTest} directories, resources, build file, and the Android manifest. In general, +to update and build your app you modify the files under each module's +{@code src/main} directory for source code updates, the <code>gradle.build</code> file for +build specification, and the files under {@code src/androidTest} directory for test case creation. </p> + +<p>You can also customize the view of the project files in Android Studio to focus on specific +aspects of your app development: </p> + +<ul> + <li><em>Packages</em> </li> + <li><em>Project Files</em> </li> + <li><em>Scratches</em> </li> + <li><em>Problems</em> </li> + <li><em>Production</em> </li> + <li><em>Tests</em> </li> +</ul> + + +<p>The following table shows the general mapping of the Eclipse ADT project structure and file +locations to Android Studio.</p> + +<p class="table-caption" id="table-project-structure-mapping"> + <strong>Table 1.</strong> Project structure mapping.</p> + +<table> + <tr> + <th scope="col">Eclipse ADT</th> + <th scope="col">Android Studio</th> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td>Workspace </td> + <td>Project </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td>Project </td> + <td>Module </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td>Project-specific JRE </td> + <td>Module JDK </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td>Classpath variable </td> + <td>Path variable</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td>Project dependency</td> + <td>Module dependency</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td>Library Module</td> + <td>Library </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td><code>AndroidManifest.xml</code></td> + <td><code>app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml</code> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><code>assets/</code></td> + <td><code>app/src/main/assets</code> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><code>res/</code></td> + <td><code>app/src/main/res/</code> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><code>src/</code></td> + <td><code>app/src/main/java/ </code> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><code>tests/src/</code></td> + <td><code>app/src/androidTest/java/</code> </td> + </tr> + + </table> + + + +<p>Table 2 shows Eclipse ADT and Android Studio project views. </p> + +<p class="table-caption" id="table2"> + <strong>Table 2.</strong> Comparing project views.</p> +<table> + <tbody><tr> + <th>Eclipse ADT</th> + <th>Android Studio Project View</th> + <th>Android Studio Android View</th> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><img src="{@docRoot}images/tools/eclipse-notepad-pre-import--structure.png"/> </td> + <td><img src="{@docRoot}images/tools/studio-import-project-structure-project.png"/> </td> + <td><img src="{@docRoot}images/tools/studio-import-project-structure-android.png"/> </td> + </tr> + </tbody> +</table> + + +<p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> Multiple instances of Android Studio can be used to develop +independent projects. </p> + + + + +<h2 id="manifest-settings">Manifest Settings</h2> +<p>Android Studio and <a href="http://www.gradle.org">Gradle</a>-based builds support +<a href="{@docRoot}tools/building/configuring-gradle.html#workBuildVariants"> build variants</a>, +which are combinations of <code>productFlavor</code> and <code>buildTypes</code>, to customize +your build outputs. To support these custom builds, several elements in the +<code>AndroidManifest.xml</code> file are now properties in the <code>defaultConfig</code> and +<code>productFlavors</code> blocks in the <code>build.gradle</code> file. The import process +copies these manifest settings to the properties in the <code>build.gradle</code> file. +These properties overwrite the settings in any other manifest files as shown in table 3. </p> + +<p class="table-caption" id="table-manifest-gradle-settings"> + <strong>Table 3.</strong> Manifest and Gradle property settings.</p> +<table> + <tr> + <th scope="col">Manifest Setting</th> + <th scope="col">build.gradle Setting</th> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><code><uses-sdk</code> <br> + <p><code>android:minSdkVersion</code></p> + <p><code>android:targetSdkVersion /></code></p> + </td> + <td> <br> + <p><code>minSdkVersion</code></p> + <p><code>targetSdkVersion</code></p> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><code><manifest</code> + <p>package (Required in the default manifest file.) </p> + <p><code>android:versionCode</code></p> + <p><code>android:versionName /></code></p> + </td> + <td> <br> + <p><code>applicationId</code> (See + <a href="{@docRoot}tools/studio/index.html#app-id"> Application ID + for Package Identification</a>)</p> + <p><code>versionCode</code></p> + <p><code>versionName</code></p> </td> + </tr> + + </table> + + +<p>Although these settings may no longer appear in the default app manifest file, they are still +valid manifest entries and may still appear in manifests from older projects, imported projects, +dependencies, and libraries.</p> + +<p>The <code>package</code> element must still be specified in the manifest file. It is used in +your source code to refer to your <code>R</code> class and to resolve any relative activity/service +registrations. </p> + +<p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> When multiple manifests are present in your app, for +example a library manifest and a <code>src/main/</code> manifest, the build process combines +the manifest settings into a single merged manifest based on the manifest priority and +manifest merge settings. For more information about the manifest merge process and merge settings, +see +<a href="{@docRoot}tools/building/manifest-merger.html"> Manifest Merger</a>. </p> + + +<h2>Application ID for package identification </h2> +<p>With the Android build system, the <code>applicationId</code> attribute is used to +uniquely identify application packages for publishing. The application ID is set in the +<code>android</code> section of the <code>build.gradle</code> file. This field is populated in the +build file as part of the migration process. </p> + +<pre> +apply plugin: 'com.android.application' + +android { + compileSdkVersion 19 + buildToolsVersion "19.1" + + defaultConfig { + <strong>applicationId "com.example.my.app"</strong> + minSdkVersion 15 + targetSdkVersion 19 + versionCode 1 + versionName "1.0" + } + ... +</pre> + +<p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> The <code>applicationId</code> is specified only in your +<code>build.gradle</code> file, and not in the <code>AndroidManifest.xml</code> file.</p> + +<p><a href="{@docRoot}tools/building/configuring-gradle.html#workBuildVariants">Build variants</a> +enable you to uniquely identify different +packages for each product flavor and build type. The application ID in the build type setting can +be added as a suffix to the ID specified for the product flavors. The following example adds the +<code>.debug</code> suffix to the application ID of the <code>pro</code> and <code>free</code> +product flavors: </p> + +<pre> +productFlavors { + pro { + applicationId = "com.example.my.pkg.pro" + } + free { + applicationId = "com.example.my.pkg.free" + } +} + +buildTypes { + debug { + applicationIdSuffix ".debug" + } +} +.... +</pre> + + + +<h2 id="dependencies">Dependencies</h2> +<p>During the import process, Android Studio imports the current Eclipse ADT dependencies and +downloads any project libraries as Android Studio modules. The dependency declarations are added to +the <code>build.gradle</code> file. The declarations include a +<a href="#scopes">dependency scope</a>, such as +<code>compile</code>, to specify in which builds the dependency is included. </p> + +<p>The following example shows how to add an external library JAR dependency so it's included in +each compile:</p> + +<pre> +dependencies { + compile files('libs/*.jar') +} + +android { + ... +} +</pre> + +<p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> Android Studio supports the Android ARchive (AAR) format +for the distribution of Android library projects as dependencies. For more information, see +<a href="{@docRoot}tools/building/configuring-gradle.html">Configuring Gradle Builds</a>. </p> + + +<p>The import process replaces any well-known source libraries, binary libraries, and JAR files +that have known Maven coordinates with Maven dependencies, so you no longer need to +maintain these dependencies manually. </p> + +<p>Android Studio enables access to Maven, JCenter, and Ivy repositories with the +<code>repositories</code> block in the <code>build.gradle</code> as a shortcut to specifying +the URL of the repository. + +<p>If there are required repositories not declared in the <code>build.gradle</code> file, first add +the repository to the <code>repositories</code> block, and then declare the dependencies in a way +that Maven, JCenter, or Ivy declare their artifacts. The following example shows how to add the +Maven repository with the guava 11.0.2 dependency using the <code>mavenCentral()</code> property: </p> + +<pre> +repositories { + mavenCentral() +} + +android { + ... +} + +dependencies { + compile 'com.google.guava:guava:11.0.2' + instrumentationtestCompile 'com.squareup.fast-android:1:0.4' +} + +</pre> + +<p>The Android Studio project created during the import process can also re-use any +dependencies on other components. These components can be external binary packages or other +<a href="http://www.gradle.org">Gradle</a> projects. If a dependency has dependencies of its own, +those dependencies are also included in the new Android Studio project. </p> + + +<p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> If there were references to Eclipse ADT workspace library +files in the <code>project.properties</code> or <code>.classpath</code> files +that were not imported from the Eclipse project, you can now add dependencies to these library files +in the <code>build.gradle</code> file. For more information, see +<a href="{@docRoot}tools/building/configuring-gradle.html">Configuring Gradle Builds</a>. </p> + + +<h3 id="scopes">Dependency and compilation scopes </h3> +<p>Android Studio supports compilation scopes to customize which dependencies get +included in each build, for example assigning different dependencies to different +<a href="{@docRoot}tools/building/configuring-gradle.html#workBuildVariants"> build variants</a>.</p> + +<p>This list shows the Android Studio scope names and definitions: </p> + +<ul> + <li>compile - <code>compile</code> </li> + <li>run time - <code>package</code></li> + <li>testCompile - <code>AndroidTestCompile</code></li> + <li>testRuntime - <code>AndroidTestRunPackage</code></li> + <li>buildTypeCompile - <code>buildTypeCompile</code> </li> + <li>productFlavorCompile - <code>productFlavorCompile</code> </li> +</ul> + +<p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> Dependencies for library projects must be added with the +<code>compile</code> scope. </p> + + +<p>With the <a href="http://www.gradle.org">Gradle</a>-based DSL, you can also add custom +dependency scopes, such as <code>betaCompile file('libs/protobug.jar')</code> to define a beta +build dependency. </p> + +<p>The scope and compilation configuration in the build file determine the +components compiled into the app, added to the compilation classpath, and packaged in the final +APK file. Based on the dependency and compilation scope, different compilation configurations +can be specified to include the dependencies and classpaths, for example: </p> + +<ul> +<li><code>compile</code> - for the main application. </li> +<li><code>androidTestCompile</code> - for the test application. </li> +<li><code>debugCompile</code> - for the debug buildType application.</li> +<li><code>releaseCompile</code> - for the release buildType application. </li> +</ul> + +<p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> Because it’s not possible to build an APK that does not +have an associated <code>buildType</code>, the APK built from your app is always configured with +at least two dependency and compile configurations: <code>compile</code> and +<code>debugCompile</code>. </p> + +<p>Unlike Eclipse ADT, by default Android Studio does not compile your code when there are changes. +Use the <strong>File > Settings > Build, Execution, Deployment Compiler</strong> option +to enable automatic compilation. </p> + + + +<h2 id="build-process">Gradle-based Build Process </h2> +<p>Android Studio imports the Eclipse ADT Ant-based +build tasks and converts the tasks to <a href="http://www.gradle.org">Gradle</a>-based build tasks. +These new build tasks include the +main <code>assemble</code> task and at least two outputs based on the default build types: +a <code>debug</code> APK and a +<code>release</code> APK. Each of these build tasks has its own Android build system anchor task +to facilitate building them independently: </p> +<ul> + <li><code>assemble</code></li> + <li><code>assembleDebug</code></li> + <li><code>assembleRelease</code></li> +</ul> + +<p>In Android Studio, you can view all the supported build tasks in the +<em>Gradle</em> project tab. </p> + +<p>With the <a href="http://www.gradle.org">Gradle</a>-based build system, Android Studio uses a +<a href="http://www.gradle.org">Gradle</a> wrapper to fully integrate the +Android Plugin for Gradle. The Android Plugin for Gradle also +runs independent of Android Studio. This means that with Android Studio build system your build +output is always the same, whether you build your Android apps from Android Studio, from the +command line on your machine, or on machines where Android Studio is not installed (such as +continuous integration servers). </p> + +<p>Unlike Eclipse ADT with dependent plugin and build updates, the <code>build.gradle</code> +files allow you to customize the build settings for each Android Studio module and build variant, +so the build versions can be set independently, and are not dependent on the Android Studio +or build tools versions. This makes it easy to maintain and build legacy apps along with your +current app, using build variants to generate different APKs from the same app modules, but +built with different build versions and build chains. </p> + +<p>For more details about the Android Studio build system, see +<a href="{@docRoot}sdk/installing/studio-build.html">Build System Overview</a>.</p> + +<h3>Using the Android Studio build system's declarative logic </h3> +<p>In contrast with the XML statements in Ant build files, the Android build system and +<a href="http://www.gradle.org">Gradle</a> DSL provide a declarative build language so you can +easily extend the Gradle-based build process beyond the typical XML build tasks. For example, +this build file shows how to define a custom function to inject a dynamic <code>versionCode</code> +in build outputs: </p> + +<pre> +def getVersionCode) { + def code = … + return code +} + +android { + defaultConfig { + versionCode getVersionCode() + … + } +} +</pre> + +<p>This example shows how to append <em>debug</em> to your package and version names used in the +<code>debug</code> build variant of your app: </p> + +<pre> +android { + buildTypes { + debug { + packageNameSuffix ‘.debug’ + versionNameSuffix ‘-DEBUG’ + } + beta { + … + } + } +} +</pre> + + +<p>You can also use the declarative DSL in the Android build system to generate custom build +versions, for example a debuggable version of your release APK. This examples adds the +<code>debuggable true</code> property to the <code>release</code> build type in the +<code>build.gradle</code> file to build an identical debuggable version of the release package. </p> + +<pre> +android { + buildTypes { + debugRelease.initWith(buildTypes.release) + debugRelease { + debuggable true + packageNameSuffix '.debugrelease' + signingConfig signingConfigs.debug + } + + } + sourceSets.debugRelease.setRoot('src/release') +} +</pre> + + + + + + +<h2 id="debug-inspect">Debugging and Code Inspections</h2> +<p>Using code inspection tools such as <a href="{@docRoot}tools/help/lint.html">lint</a> is a +standard part of Android development. Android Studio extends +<a href="{@docRoot}tools/help/lint.html">lint</a> support with additional +<a href="{@docRoot}tools/help/lint.html">lint</a> checks and supports Android +<a href="{@docRoot}tools/debugging/annotations.html">annotations</a> that +allow you to help detect more subtle code problems, such as null pointer exceptions and resource +type conflicts. Annotations are added as metadata tags that you attach to variables, parameters, +and return values to inspect method return values, passed parameters, and local variables and +fields. </p> + +<p>For more information on enabling <a href="{@docRoot}tools/help/lint.html">lint</a> inspections +and running <a href="{@docRoot}tools/help/lint.html">lint</a>, +see <a href="{@docRoot}tools/debugging/improving-w-lint.html">Improving Your Code with lint</a>. +For more information about using annotations, see +<a href="{@docRoot}tools/debugging/annotations.html#annotations">Improving your Code with +Annotations</a>. </p> + +<p>In addition to code inspection, Android Studio provides an integrated +<a href="{@docRoot}tools/studio/index.html#mem-cpu">memory and CPU monitor</a> view so you +can more easily monitor your app's performance and memory usage to track CPU usage, find +deallocated objects, locate memory leaks, and track the amount of memory the connected device is +using. </p> + + + +<h2 id="resource-optimization">Resource Optimization </h2> +<p>After importing and building your app, Android Studio supports several +<a href="http://www.gradle.org">Gradle</a>-based properties to help you minimize your app's +resource utilization. </p> + + +<h3>Resource shrinking</h3> +<p>In Android Studio, resource shrinking enables the automatic removal of unused resources from +your packaged app and also removes resources from library dependencies if the resources are not +actually used by your app.</p> + +<p>Use the <code>shrinkResources</code> attribute in the <code>buildType</code> block in your +<code>build.gradle</code> file to enable resource shrinking. For example, if your application is +using <a href="{@docRoot}google/play-services/index.html">Google Play services</a> +to access Google Drive functionality, and you are not currently using +<a href="{@docRoot}google/play-services/plus.html">Google+ Sign In</a>, then +this setting removes the various drawable assets for the <code>SignInButton</code> buttons. </p> + +<p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> Resource shrinking works in conjunction with code shrinking +tools, such as <a href="{@docRoot}tools/help/proguard.html">ProGuard</a>. </p> + +<p>To enable resource shrinking, update the <code>buildTypes</code> block in the +<code>build.gradle</code> file to include <code>minifyEnabled true</code>, +<code>shrinkResources true</code>, and <code>proguardFiles</code> settings as shown in the +following example <a href="http://www.gradle.org">Gradle</a> build file.</p> + +<pre> +android { + ... + + buildTypes { + release { + minifyEnabled true + shrinkResources true + proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), + 'proguard-rules.pro' + } + } +} +</pre> + + + +<h3>Filtering language resources</h3> +<p>Use the <code>resConfig</code> attribute in your <code>build.gradle</code> file +to filter the locale resources included in your packaged app. This filtering can be especially +useful when library dependencies such as <code>appcompat-v7</code> and other libraries such as +<code>google-play-services_lib</code> are included in your app. </p> + +<p>The following example limits the locale resources to three language settings: <code>en</code>, +<code>de</code>, and <code>es</code>:</p> + +<pre> +apply plugin: 'android' + +android { + compileSdkVersion 22 + buildToolsVersion "22.0.1" + + defaultConfig { + minSdkVersion 8 + targetSdkVersion 22 + versionCode 1 + versionName "1.0" + resConfigs "en", "de", "es" //Define the included language resources. + } +... + +</pre> + + + +<h4>Filtering bundled resources</h4> +<p>You can also use the <code>resConfig</code> build setting to limit the bundled resources +in any resource folder. For example, you could also add <code>resConfigs</code> +settings for density folders, such as <code>mdpi</code> or <code>hdpi</code> to limit the drawable +resources that are packaged in your <code>APK</code> file. This example limits the app's +bundled resources to medium-density (MDPI) and high-density (HDPI) resources. </p> + +<pre> +android { + defaultConfig { + ... + resConfigs "mdpi", "hdpi" + } +} +</pre> + +For more information about screen and resource densities, see +<a href="{@docRoot}guide/practices/screens_support.html">Supporting Multiple Screens</a> +and <a href="{@docRoot}training/multiscreen/screendensities.html">Supporting Different Densities</a>. + + +<h3>Resource merging </h3> +<p>With Android Studio, identical resources, such as copies of launcher and menu icons, may end up +in different resource folders throughout your app. To reduce resource duplication and improve +the performance of your app, Android Studio merges resources with an identical resource name, type, +and qualifier into a single resource and passes the single, merged resource to the Android Asset +Packaging Tool (AAPT) for distribution in the APK file. </p> + +<p>The resource merging process looks for identical resources in the following <code>/res/</code> +folders: </p> +<ul> + <li>AAR bundles of library project dependencies</li> + <li><code>src/main/</code> </li> + <li><code>src/<em>productFlavor</em>/</code> </li> + <li><code>src/<em>buildType</em>/</code> </li> +</ul> + +<p>Identical resources are merged in the following low to high priority order: </p> +<pre> +dependencies --> src/main/ --> src/productFlavor/ --> src/buildType/ +</pre> + +<p>For example, if the <code>res/ic_menu.png</code> file is included in both the +<code>src/main/res/</code> and <code>src/productFlavor/res/</code> folders, the resources are merged +so only the file with the higher priority, in this case the <code>src/productFlavor/res/</code> +file, is included in the APK file. </p> + +<p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> Identical resources in the same source set are not merged +and instead generate a resource merge error. This can happen if the <code>sourceSet</code> property +in the <code>build.gradle</code> file is used to define multiple source sets, for example +<code>src/main/res/</code> and <code>src/main/res2/</code>, and these folders contain identical +resources. </p> + + + + +<h2 id="signing">App Signing and ProGuard </h2> +<p>Based on the imported Eclipse ADT app settings, Android Studio automatically sets up your app +signing and maintains any ProGuard settings. </p> + +<h3>App Signing</h3> +<p>If your app used a debug certificate in Eclipse ADT, Android Studio continues to reference that +certificate. Otherwise, the <code>debug</code> configuration uses the Android Studio generated +debug keystore, with a known password and a default key with a known password located in +<code>$HOME/.android/debug.keystore</code>. The <code>debug</code> build type is set to use this +debug <code>SigningConfig</code> automatically when you run or debug your project +from Android Studio. </p> + +<p>In release mode, Android Studio applies the release certificate used in Eclipse ADT. If no +release certificate was located during the import process, add the release signing configuration to +the <code>build.gradle</code> file or use the <strong> Build > Generate Signed APK</strong> menu +option to open the Generate Signed APK Wizard. For more information about signing your app, see +<a href="{@docRoot}tools/publishing/app-signing.html">Signing Your Applications</a>. </p> + + +<h3>ProGuard</h3> +<p>If the <a href="{@docRoot}tools/help/proguard.html">ProGuard</a> option is specified in the +<code>project.properties</code> file in the Eclipse ADT project, Android Studio imports the +<a href="{@docRoot}tools/help/proguard.html">ProGuard</a> files and adds the +<a href="{@docRoot}tools/help/proguard.html">ProGuard</a> settings to the +<code>build.gradle</code> file. <a href="{@docRoot}tools/help/proguard.html">ProGuard</a> is +supported through the <code>minifyEnabled</code> property as shown in this example. </p> + +<pre> +android { + buildTypes { + release { + minifyEnabled true + proguardFile getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt') + } + } + + productFlavors { + flavor1 { + } + flavor2 { + proguardFile 'some-other-rules.txt' + } + } +} + +</pre></p> + + + + +<h2 id="support-lib">Android Support Repository and Google Play services Repository</h2> +<p>While Eclipse ADT uses the Android <a href="{@docRoot}tools/support-library/index.html">Support +Library</a> and Google Play services Library, Android Studio replaces these libraries during the +import process with the Android Support Repository and Google Repository to maintain +compatible functionality and support new Android features. Android Studio adds these dependencies +as Maven dependencies using the known Maven coordinates, so these dependencies do not require +manual updates. </p> + +<p>In Eclipse, in order to use a +<a href="{@docRoot}tools/support-library/index.html">Support Library</a>, you must modify your +project's classpath dependencies within your development environment for each +<a href="{@docRoot}tools/support-library/index.html">Support Library</a> you want to use. In +Android Studio, you no longer need to copy library sources into your +own projects, you can simply declare a dependency and the library is automatically downloaded and +merged into your project. This includes automatically merging in resources, manifest entries, +<a href="{@docRoot}tools/help/proguard.html">ProGuard</a> exclusion rules, and custom lint rules +at build time. </p> + +<p>Android Studio also supports binary library Android ARchives (AARs). AARs are a library project's +main output as a combination of compiled code (as a jar file and/or native .so files) and +resources (manifest, res, assets). <p/> + + +<h2 id="app-package">App Packaging</h2> +<p>The Android build system introduces the use of the <code>applicationId</code> attribute to +uniquely identify application packages for publishing. The application ID is set in the +<code>android</code> section of the <code>build.gradle</code> file. </p> + +<p>The <code>applicationId</code> is specified only in your <code>build.gradle</code> file, and +not in the +<code>AndroidManifest.xml</code> file. The Gradle-based build system enables you +to uniquely identify different packages for each build variant based on product flavors and build +types. You can also add the <code>applicationIdSuffix</code> property to the build type in the +<code>build.gradle</code> file to append an identifier, such as '.debug', to the application ID +generated for each product flavor. </p> + + + +<h2 id="software-updates">Software Updates</h2> +<p>Android Studio provides several levels of update and maintenance to help you keep Android Studio +up-to-date based on your code-level preference: </p> + +<ul> + <li><strong>Canary channel</strong>: Canary builds provide bleeding edge releases and are updated + about weekly. These builds do get tested, but are still subject to bugs, as these are + early releases. This is not recommended for production.</li> + <li><strong>Dev channel</strong>: Dev builds are canary builds that passed initial testing and + usage. They are updated roughly bi-weekly or monthly.</li> + <li><strong>Beta channel</strong>: Beta builds provide beta-quality releases for final testing + and feedback before a production release.</li> + <li><strong>Stable channel</strong>: Stable builds provide stable, production-ready release + versions.</li> +</ul> + + + +<h2 id="version-control">Version Control </h2> +<p>Eclipse ADT supports version control through the use of plugins, such as the EGit and Subversive +plug-ins. </p> + +<p>Android Studio supports a variety of version control systems (Git, GitHub, CVS, Mercurial, +Subversion, and Google Cloud) so version control operations can continue from within Android +Studio. </p> + +<p>After importing your Eclipse ADT app into Android Studio, use the +Android Studio <em>VCS</em> menu options to enable VCS support for the desired version control +system, create a repository, import the new files into version control, and perform other version +control operations. </p> + +<p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> You can also use the +<strong>File > Setting > Version Control</strong> menu option to setup and modify the version +control settings. </p> + +<h3>Files to ignore </h3> +<p>A number of Android Studio files are typically not added to version control as these are +temporary files or files that get overwritten with each build. These files are listed in +an exclusion file, such as <code>.gitignore</code>, for the project and each app module. +Typically, the following files are excluded from version control: </p> + +<ul> + <li>.gradle </li> + <li>/local.properties </li> + <li>/.idea/workspace.xml </li> + <li>/.idea/libraries </li> + <li>.DS_Store</li> + <li>/build </li> + <li>/captures </li> +</ul> |