[PATCH] inotify (1/5): split kernel API from userspace support

The following series of patches introduces a kernel API for inotify,
making it possible for kernel modules to benefit from inotify's
mechanism for watching inodes.  With these patches, inotify will
maintain for each caller a list of watches (via an embedded struct
inotify_watch), where each inotify_watch is associated with a
corresponding struct inode.  The caller registers an event handler and
specifies for which filesystem events their event handler should be
called per inotify_watch.

Signed-off-by: Amy Griffis <amy.griffis@hp.com>
Acked-by: Robert Love <rml@novell.com>
Acked-by: John McCutchan <john@johnmccutchan.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

4 files changed, 966 insertions, 717 deletions

diff --git a/fs/Kconfig b/fs/Kconfig
index f9b5842..74f11a2 100644
--- a/fs/Kconfig
+++ b/fs/Kconfig
@@ -393,18 +393,30 @@ config INOTIFY
 	bool "Inotify file change notification support"
 	default y
 	---help---
-	  Say Y here to enable inotify support and the associated system
-	  calls.  Inotify is a file change notification system and a
-	  replacement for dnotify.  Inotify fixes numerous shortcomings in
-	  dnotify and introduces several new features.  It allows monitoring
-	  of both files and directories via a single open fd.  Other features
-	  include multiple file events, one-shot support, and unmount
+	  Say Y here to enable inotify support.  Inotify is a file change
+	  notification system and a replacement for dnotify.  Inotify fixes
+	  numerous shortcomings in dnotify and introduces several new features
+	  including multiple file events, one-shot support, and unmount
 	  notification.
 
 	  For more information, see Documentation/filesystems/inotify.txt
 
 	  If unsure, say Y.
 
+config INOTIFY_USER
+	bool "Inotify support for userspace"
+	depends on INOTIFY
+	default y
+	---help---
+	  Say Y here to enable inotify support for userspace, including the
+	  associated system calls.  Inotify allows monitoring of both files and
+	  directories via a single open fd.  Events are read from the file
+	  descriptor, which is also select()- and poll()-able.
+
+	  For more information, see Documentation/filesystems/inotify.txt
+
+	  If unsure, say Y.
+
 config QUOTA
 	bool "Quota support"
 	help
diff --git a/fs/Makefile b/fs/Makefile
index 078d3d1..d0ea6bf 100644
--- a/fs/Makefile
+++ b/fs/Makefile
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ obj-y :=	open.o read_write.o file_table.o buffer.o  bio.o super.o \
 		ioprio.o pnode.o drop_caches.o splice.o sync.o
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_INOTIFY)		+= inotify.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_INOTIFY_USER)	+= inotify_user.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_EPOLL)		+= eventpoll.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_COMPAT)		+= compat.o compat_ioctl.o
 
diff --git a/fs/inotify.c b/fs/inotify.c
index 732ec4b..a1bedf3 100644
--- a/fs/inotify.c
+++ b/fs/inotify.c
@@ -5,7 +5,10 @@
  *	John McCutchan	<ttb@tentacle.dhs.org>
  *	Robert Love	<rml@novell.com>
  *
+ * Kernel API added by: Amy Griffis <amy.griffis@hp.com>
+ *
  * Copyright (C) 2005 John McCutchan
+ * Copyright 2006 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
  *
  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
@@ -20,35 +23,17 @@
 
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
-#include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
 #include <linux/idr.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/fs.h>
-#include <linux/file.h>
-#include <linux/mount.h>
-#include <linux/namei.h>
-#include <linux/poll.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/list.h>
 #include <linux/writeback.h>
 #include <linux/inotify.h>
-#include <linux/syscalls.h>
-
-#include <asm/ioctls.h>
 
 static atomic_t inotify_cookie;
 
-static kmem_cache_t *watch_cachep __read_mostly;
-static kmem_cache_t *event_cachep __read_mostly;
-
-static struct vfsmount *inotify_mnt __read_mostly;
-
-/* these are configurable via /proc/sys/fs/inotify/ */
-int inotify_max_user_instances __read_mostly;
-int inotify_max_user_watches __read_mostly;
-int inotify_max_queued_events __read_mostly;
-
 /*
  * Lock ordering:
  *
@@ -56,327 +41,108 @@ int inotify_max_queued_events __read_mostly;
  * iprune_mutex (synchronize shrink_icache_memory())
  * 	inode_lock (protects the super_block->s_inodes list)
  * 	inode->inotify_mutex (protects inode->inotify_watches and watches->i_list)
- * 		inotify_dev->mutex (protects inotify_device and watches->d_list)
+ * 		inotify_handle->mutex (protects inotify_handle and watches->h_list)
+ *
+ * The inode->inotify_mutex and inotify_handle->mutex and held during execution
+ * of a caller's event handler.  Thus, the caller must not hold any locks
+ * taken in their event handler while calling any of the published inotify
+ * interfaces.
  */
 
 /*
- * Lifetimes of the three main data structures--inotify_device, inode, and
+ * Lifetimes of the three main data structures--inotify_handle, inode, and
  * inotify_watch--are managed by reference count.
  *
- * inotify_device: Lifetime is from inotify_init() until release.  Additional
- * references can bump the count via get_inotify_dev() and drop the count via
- * put_inotify_dev().
+ * inotify_handle: Lifetime is from inotify_init() to inotify_destroy().
+ * Additional references can bump the count via get_inotify_handle() and drop
+ * the count via put_inotify_handle().
  *
- * inotify_watch: Lifetime is from create_watch() to destory_watch().
- * Additional references can bump the count via get_inotify_watch() and drop
- * the count via put_inotify_watch().
+ * inotify_watch: for inotify's purposes, lifetime is from inotify_add_watch()
+ * to remove_watch_no_event().  Additional references can bump the count via
+ * get_inotify_watch() and drop the count via put_inotify_watch().  The caller
+ * is reponsible for the final put after receiving IN_IGNORED, or when using
+ * IN_ONESHOT after receiving the first event.  Inotify does the final put if
+ * inotify_destroy() is called.
  *
  * inode: Pinned so long as the inode is associated with a watch, from
- * create_watch() to put_inotify_watch().
+ * inotify_add_watch() to the final put_inotify_watch().
  */
 
 /*
- * struct inotify_device - represents an inotify instance
+ * struct inotify_handle - represents an inotify instance
  *
  * This structure is protected by the mutex 'mutex'.
  */
-struct inotify_device {
-	wait_queue_head_t 	wq;		/* wait queue for i/o */
+struct inotify_handle {
 	struct idr		idr;		/* idr mapping wd -> watch */
 	struct mutex		mutex;		/* protects this bad boy */
-	struct list_head 	events;		/* list of queued events */
 	struct list_head	watches;	/* list of watches */
 	atomic_t		count;		/* reference count */
-	struct user_struct	*user;		/* user who opened this dev */
-	unsigned int		queue_size;	/* size of the queue (bytes) */
-	unsigned int		event_count;	/* number of pending events */
-	unsigned int		max_events;	/* maximum number of events */
 	u32			last_wd;	/* the last wd allocated */
+	const struct inotify_operations *in_ops; /* inotify caller operations */
 };
 
-/*
- * struct inotify_kernel_event - An inotify event, originating from a watch and
- * queued for user-space.  A list of these is attached to each instance of the
- * device.  In read(), this list is walked and all events that can fit in the
- * buffer are returned.
- *
- * Protected by dev->mutex of the device in which we are queued.
- */
-struct inotify_kernel_event {
-	struct inotify_event	event;	/* the user-space event */
-	struct list_head        list;	/* entry in inotify_device's list */
-	char			*name;	/* filename, if any */
-};
-
-/*
- * struct inotify_watch - represents a watch request on a specific inode
- *
- * d_list is protected by dev->mutex of the associated watch->dev.
- * i_list and mask are protected by inode->inotify_mutex of the associated inode.
- * dev, inode, and wd are never written to once the watch is created.
- */
-struct inotify_watch {
-	struct list_head	d_list;	/* entry in inotify_device's list */
-	struct list_head	i_list;	/* entry in inode's list */
-	atomic_t		count;	/* reference count */
-	struct inotify_device	*dev;	/* associated device */
-	struct inode		*inode;	/* associated inode */
-	s32 			wd;	/* watch descriptor */
-	u32			mask;	/* event mask for this watch */
-};
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL
-
-#include <linux/sysctl.h>
-
-static int zero;
-
-ctl_table inotify_table[] = {
-	{
-		.ctl_name	= INOTIFY_MAX_USER_INSTANCES,
-		.procname	= "max_user_instances",
-		.data		= &inotify_max_user_instances,
-		.maxlen		= sizeof(int),
-		.mode		= 0644,
-		.proc_handler	= &proc_dointvec_minmax,
-		.strategy	= &sysctl_intvec,
-		.extra1		= &zero,
-	},
-	{
-		.ctl_name	= INOTIFY_MAX_USER_WATCHES,
-		.procname	= "max_user_watches",
-		.data		= &inotify_max_user_watches,
-		.maxlen		= sizeof(int),
-		.mode		= 0644,
-		.proc_handler	= &proc_dointvec_minmax,
-		.strategy	= &sysctl_intvec,
-		.extra1		= &zero, 
-	},
-	{
-		.ctl_name	= INOTIFY_MAX_QUEUED_EVENTS,
-		.procname	= "max_queued_events",
-		.data		= &inotify_max_queued_events,
-		.maxlen		= sizeof(int),
-		.mode		= 0644, 
-		.proc_handler	= &proc_dointvec_minmax,
-		.strategy	= &sysctl_intvec, 
-		.extra1		= &zero
-	},
-	{ .ctl_name = 0 }
-};
-#endif /* CONFIG_SYSCTL */
-
-static inline void get_inotify_dev(struct inotify_device *dev)
+static inline void get_inotify_handle(struct inotify_handle *ih)
 {
-	atomic_inc(&dev->count);
+	atomic_inc(&ih->count);
 }
 
-static inline void put_inotify_dev(struct inotify_device *dev)
+static inline void put_inotify_handle(struct inotify_handle *ih)
 {
-	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&dev->count)) {
-		atomic_dec(&dev->user->inotify_devs);
-		free_uid(dev->user);
-		idr_destroy(&dev->idr);
-		kfree(dev);
+	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&ih->count)) {
+		idr_destroy(&ih->idr);
+		kfree(ih);
 	}
 }
 
-static inline void get_inotify_watch(struct inotify_watch *watch)
+/**
+ * get_inotify_watch - grab a reference to an inotify_watch
+ * @watch: watch to grab
+ */
+void get_inotify_watch(struct inotify_watch *watch)
 {
 	atomic_inc(&watch->count);
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(get_inotify_watch);
 
-/*
+/**
  * put_inotify_watch - decrements the ref count on a given watch.  cleans up
- * the watch and its references if the count reaches zero.
+ * watch references if the count reaches zero.  inotify_watch is freed by
+ * inotify callers via the destroy_watch() op.
+ * @watch: watch to release
  */
-static inline void put_inotify_watch(struct inotify_watch *watch)
+void put_inotify_watch(struct inotify_watch *watch)
 {
 	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&watch->count)) {
-		put_inotify_dev(watch->dev);
-		iput(watch->inode);
-		kmem_cache_free(watch_cachep, watch);
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * kernel_event - create a new kernel event with the given parameters
- *
- * This function can sleep.
- */
-static struct inotify_kernel_event * kernel_event(s32 wd, u32 mask, u32 cookie,
-						  const char *name)
-{
-	struct inotify_kernel_event *kevent;
-
-	kevent = kmem_cache_alloc(event_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (unlikely(!kevent))
-		return NULL;
-
-	/* we hand this out to user-space, so zero it just in case */
-	memset(&kevent->event, 0, sizeof(struct inotify_event));
-
-	kevent->event.wd = wd;
-	kevent->event.mask = mask;
-	kevent->event.cookie = cookie;
-
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&kevent->list);
-
-	if (name) {
-		size_t len, rem, event_size = sizeof(struct inotify_event);
-
-		/*
-		 * We need to pad the filename so as to properly align an
-		 * array of inotify_event structures.  Because the structure is
-		 * small and the common case is a small filename, we just round
-		 * up to the next multiple of the structure's sizeof.  This is
-		 * simple and safe for all architectures.
-		 */
-		len = strlen(name) + 1;
-		rem = event_size - len;
-		if (len > event_size) {
-			rem = event_size - (len % event_size);
-			if (len % event_size == 0)
-				rem = 0;
-		}
-
-		kevent->name = kmalloc(len + rem, GFP_KERNEL);
-		if (unlikely(!kevent->name)) {
-			kmem_cache_free(event_cachep, kevent);
-			return NULL;
-		}
-		memcpy(kevent->name, name, len);
-		if (rem)
-			memset(kevent->name + len, 0, rem);		
-		kevent->event.len = len + rem;
-	} else {
-		kevent->event.len = 0;
-		kevent->name = NULL;
-	}
-
-	return kevent;
-}
-
-/*
- * inotify_dev_get_event - return the next event in the given dev's queue
- *
- * Caller must hold dev->mutex.
- */
-static inline struct inotify_kernel_event *
-inotify_dev_get_event(struct inotify_device *dev)
-{
-	return list_entry(dev->events.next, struct inotify_kernel_event, list);
-}
-
-/*
- * inotify_dev_queue_event - add a new event to the given device
- *
- * Caller must hold dev->mutex.  Can sleep (calls kernel_event()).
- */
-static void inotify_dev_queue_event(struct inotify_device *dev,
-				    struct inotify_watch *watch, u32 mask,
-				    u32 cookie, const char *name)
-{
-	struct inotify_kernel_event *kevent, *last;
-
-	/* coalescing: drop this event if it is a dupe of the previous */
-	last = inotify_dev_get_event(dev);
-	if (last && last->event.mask == mask && last->event.wd == watch->wd &&
-			last->event.cookie == cookie) {
-		const char *lastname = last->name;
-
-		if (!name && !lastname)
-			return;
-		if (name && lastname && !strcmp(lastname, name))
-			return;
-	}
-
-	/* the queue overflowed and we already sent the Q_OVERFLOW event */
-	if (unlikely(dev->event_count > dev->max_events))
-		return;
-
-	/* if the queue overflows, we need to notify user space */
-	if (unlikely(dev->event_count == dev->max_events))
-		kevent = kernel_event(-1, IN_Q_OVERFLOW, cookie, NULL);
-	else
-		kevent = kernel_event(watch->wd, mask, cookie, name);
-
-	if (unlikely(!kevent))
-		return;
-
-	/* queue the event and wake up anyone waiting */
-	dev->event_count++;
-	dev->queue_size += sizeof(struct inotify_event) + kevent->event.len;
-	list_add_tail(&kevent->list, &dev->events);
-	wake_up_interruptible(&dev->wq);
-}
-
-/*
- * remove_kevent - cleans up and ultimately frees the given kevent
- *
- * Caller must hold dev->mutex.
- */
-static void remove_kevent(struct inotify_device *dev,
-			  struct inotify_kernel_event *kevent)
-{
-	list_del(&kevent->list);
+		struct inotify_handle *ih = watch->ih;
 
-	dev->event_count--;
-	dev->queue_size -= sizeof(struct inotify_event) + kevent->event.len;
-
-	kfree(kevent->name);
-	kmem_cache_free(event_cachep, kevent);
-}
-
-/*
- * inotify_dev_event_dequeue - destroy an event on the given device
- *
- * Caller must hold dev->mutex.
- */
-static void inotify_dev_event_dequeue(struct inotify_device *dev)
-{
-	if (!list_empty(&dev->events)) {
-		struct inotify_kernel_event *kevent;
-		kevent = inotify_dev_get_event(dev);
-		remove_kevent(dev, kevent);
+		iput(watch->inode);
+		ih->in_ops->destroy_watch(watch);
+		put_inotify_handle(ih);
 	}
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(put_inotify_watch);
 
 /*
- * inotify_dev_get_wd - returns the next WD for use by the given dev
+ * inotify_handle_get_wd - returns the next WD for use by the given handle
  *
- * Callers must hold dev->mutex.  This function can sleep.
+ * Callers must hold ih->mutex.  This function can sleep.
  */
-static int inotify_dev_get_wd(struct inotify_device *dev,
-			      struct inotify_watch *watch)
+static int inotify_handle_get_wd(struct inotify_handle *ih,
+				 struct inotify_watch *watch)
 {
 	int ret;
 
 	do {
-		if (unlikely(!idr_pre_get(&dev->idr, GFP_KERNEL)))
+		if (unlikely(!idr_pre_get(&ih->idr, GFP_KERNEL)))
 			return -ENOSPC;
-		ret = idr_get_new_above(&dev->idr, watch, dev->last_wd+1, &watch->wd);
+		ret = idr_get_new_above(&ih->idr, watch, ih->last_wd+1, &watch->wd);
 	} while (ret == -EAGAIN);
 
-	return ret;
-}
+	if (likely(!ret))
+		ih->last_wd = watch->wd;
 
-/*
- * find_inode - resolve a user-given path to a specific inode and return a nd
- */
-static int find_inode(const char __user *dirname, struct nameidata *nd,
-		      unsigned flags)
-{
-	int error;
-
-	error = __user_walk(dirname, flags, nd);
-	if (error)
-		return error;
-	/* you can only watch an inode if you have read permissions on it */
-	error = vfs_permission(nd, MAY_READ);
-	if (error) 
-		path_release(nd);
-	return error;
+	return ret;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -422,67 +188,18 @@ static void set_dentry_child_flags(struct inode *inode, int watched)
 }
 
 /*
- * create_watch - creates a watch on the given device.
- *
- * Callers must hold dev->mutex.  Calls inotify_dev_get_wd() so may sleep.
- * Both 'dev' and 'inode' (by way of nameidata) need to be pinned.
- */
-static struct inotify_watch *create_watch(struct inotify_device *dev,
-					  u32 mask, struct inode *inode)
-{
-	struct inotify_watch *watch;
-	int ret;
-
-	if (atomic_read(&dev->user->inotify_watches) >=
-			inotify_max_user_watches)
-		return ERR_PTR(-ENOSPC);
-
-	watch = kmem_cache_alloc(watch_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (unlikely(!watch))
-		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
-
-	ret = inotify_dev_get_wd(dev, watch);
-	if (unlikely(ret)) {
-		kmem_cache_free(watch_cachep, watch);
-		return ERR_PTR(ret);
-	}
-
-	dev->last_wd = watch->wd;
-	watch->mask = mask;
-	atomic_set(&watch->count, 0);
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&watch->d_list);
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&watch->i_list);
-
-	/* save a reference to device and bump the count to make it official */
-	get_inotify_dev(dev);
-	watch->dev = dev;
-
-	/*
-	 * Save a reference to the inode and bump the ref count to make it
-	 * official.  We hold a reference to nameidata, which makes this safe.
-	 */
-	watch->inode = igrab(inode);
-
-	/* bump our own count, corresponding to our entry in dev->watches */
-	get_inotify_watch(watch);
-
-	atomic_inc(&dev->user->inotify_watches);
-
-	return watch;
-}
-
-/*
- * inotify_find_dev - find the watch associated with the given inode and dev
+ * inotify_find_handle - find the watch associated with the given inode and
+ * handle
  *
  * Callers must hold inode->inotify_mutex.
  */
-static struct inotify_watch *inode_find_dev(struct inode *inode,
-					    struct inotify_device *dev)
+static struct inotify_watch *inode_find_handle(struct inode *inode,
+					       struct inotify_handle *ih)
 {
 	struct inotify_watch *watch;
 
 	list_for_each_entry(watch, &inode->inotify_watches, i_list) {
-		if (watch->dev == dev)
+		if (watch->ih == ih)
 			return watch;
 	}
 
@@ -491,39 +208,34 @@ static struct inotify_watch *inode_find_dev(struct inode *inode,
 
 /*
  * remove_watch_no_event - remove_watch() without the IN_IGNORED event.
+ *
+ * Callers must hold both inode->inotify_mutex and ih->mutex.
  */
 static void remove_watch_no_event(struct inotify_watch *watch,
-				  struct inotify_device *dev)
+				  struct inotify_handle *ih)
 {
 	list_del(&watch->i_list);
-	list_del(&watch->d_list);
+	list_del(&watch->h_list);
 
 	if (!inotify_inode_watched(watch->inode))
 		set_dentry_child_flags(watch->inode, 0);
 
-	atomic_dec(&dev->user->inotify_watches);
-	idr_remove(&dev->idr, watch->wd);
-	put_inotify_watch(watch);
+	idr_remove(&ih->idr, watch->wd);
 }
 
 /*
- * remove_watch - Remove a watch from both the device and the inode.  Sends
- * the IN_IGNORED event to the given device signifying that the inode is no
- * longer watched.
- *
- * Callers must hold both inode->inotify_mutex and dev->mutex.  We drop a
- * reference to the inode before returning.
+ * remove_watch - Remove a watch from both the handle and the inode.  Sends
+ * the IN_IGNORED event signifying that the inode is no longer watched.
  *
- * The inode is not iput() so as to remain atomic.  If the inode needs to be
- * iput(), the call returns one.  Otherwise, it returns zero.
+ * Callers must hold both inode->inotify_mutex and ih->mutex.
  */
-static void remove_watch(struct inotify_watch *watch,struct inotify_device *dev)
+static void remove_watch(struct inotify_watch *watch, struct inotify_handle *ih)
 {
-	inotify_dev_queue_event(dev, watch, IN_IGNORED, 0, NULL);
-	remove_watch_no_event(watch, dev);
+	remove_watch_no_event(watch, ih);
+	ih->in_ops->handle_event(watch, watch->wd, IN_IGNORED, 0, NULL);
 }
 
-/* Kernel API */
+/* Kernel API for producing events */
 
 /*
  * inotify_d_instantiate - instantiate dcache entry for inode
@@ -576,14 +288,12 @@ void inotify_inode_queue_event(struct inode *inode, u32 mask, u32 cookie,
 	list_for_each_entry_safe(watch, next, &inode->inotify_watches, i_list) {
 		u32 watch_mask = watch->mask;
 		if (watch_mask & mask) {
-			struct inotify_device *dev = watch->dev;
-			get_inotify_watch(watch);
-			mutex_lock(&dev->mutex);
-			inotify_dev_queue_event(dev, watch, mask, cookie, name);
+			struct inotify_handle *ih= watch->ih;
+			mutex_lock(&ih->mutex);
 			if (watch_mask & IN_ONESHOT)
-				remove_watch_no_event(watch, dev);
-			mutex_unlock(&dev->mutex);
-			put_inotify_watch(watch);
+				remove_watch_no_event(watch, ih);
+			ih->in_ops->handle_event(watch, watch->wd, mask, cookie, name);
+			mutex_unlock(&ih->mutex);
 		}
 	}
 	mutex_unlock(&inode->inotify_mutex);
@@ -694,11 +404,12 @@ void inotify_unmount_inodes(struct list_head *list)
 		mutex_lock(&inode->inotify_mutex);
 		watches = &inode->inotify_watches;
 		list_for_each_entry_safe(watch, next_w, watches, i_list) {
-			struct inotify_device *dev = watch->dev;
-			mutex_lock(&dev->mutex);
-			inotify_dev_queue_event(dev, watch, IN_UNMOUNT,0,NULL);
-			remove_watch(watch, dev);
-			mutex_unlock(&dev->mutex);
+			struct inotify_handle *ih= watch->ih;
+			mutex_lock(&ih->mutex);
+			ih->in_ops->handle_event(watch, watch->wd, IN_UNMOUNT, 0,
+						 NULL);
+			remove_watch(watch, ih);
+			mutex_unlock(&ih->mutex);
 		}
 		mutex_unlock(&inode->inotify_mutex);
 		iput(inode);		
@@ -718,432 +429,240 @@ void inotify_inode_is_dead(struct inode *inode)
 
 	mutex_lock(&inode->inotify_mutex);
 	list_for_each_entry_safe(watch, next, &inode->inotify_watches, i_list) {
-		struct inotify_device *dev = watch->dev;
-		mutex_lock(&dev->mutex);
-		remove_watch(watch, dev);
-		mutex_unlock(&dev->mutex);
+		struct inotify_handle *ih = watch->ih;
+		mutex_lock(&ih->mutex);
+		remove_watch(watch, ih);
+		mutex_unlock(&ih->mutex);
 	}
 	mutex_unlock(&inode->inotify_mutex);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(inotify_inode_is_dead);
 
-/* Device Interface */
-
-static unsigned int inotify_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
-{
-	struct inotify_device *dev = file->private_data;
-	int ret = 0;
-
-	poll_wait(file, &dev->wq, wait);
-	mutex_lock(&dev->mutex);
-	if (!list_empty(&dev->events))
-		ret = POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
-	mutex_unlock(&dev->mutex);
-
-	return ret;
-}
+/* Kernel Consumer API */
 
-static ssize_t inotify_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
-			    size_t count, loff_t *pos)
+/**
+ * inotify_init - allocate and initialize an inotify instance
+ * @ops: caller's inotify operations
+ */
+struct inotify_handle *inotify_init(const struct inotify_operations *ops)
 {
-	size_t event_size = sizeof (struct inotify_event);
-	struct inotify_device *dev;
-	char __user *start;
-	int ret;
-	DEFINE_WAIT(wait);
-
-	start = buf;
-	dev = file->private_data;
-
-	while (1) {
-		int events;
-
-		prepare_to_wait(&dev->wq, &wait, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
+	struct inotify_handle *ih;
 
-		mutex_lock(&dev->mutex);
-		events = !list_empty(&dev->events);
-		mutex_unlock(&dev->mutex);
-		if (events) {
-			ret = 0;
-			break;
-		}
-
-		if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK) {
-			ret = -EAGAIN;
-			break;
-		}
-
-		if (signal_pending(current)) {
-			ret = -EINTR;
-			break;
-		}
-
-		schedule();
-	}
-
-	finish_wait(&dev->wq, &wait);
-	if (ret)
-		return ret;
-
-	mutex_lock(&dev->mutex);
-	while (1) {
-		struct inotify_kernel_event *kevent;
-
-		ret = buf - start;
-		if (list_empty(&dev->events))
-			break;
-
-		kevent = inotify_dev_get_event(dev);
-		if (event_size + kevent->event.len > count)
-			break;
-
-		if (copy_to_user(buf, &kevent->event, event_size)) {
-			ret = -EFAULT;
-			break;
-		}
-		buf += event_size;
-		count -= event_size;
-
-		if (kevent->name) {
-			if (copy_to_user(buf, kevent->name, kevent->event.len)){
-				ret = -EFAULT;
-				break;
-			}
-			buf += kevent->event.len;
-			count -= kevent->event.len;
-		}
+	ih = kmalloc(sizeof(struct inotify_handle), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (unlikely(!ih))
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
 
-		remove_kevent(dev, kevent);
-	}
-	mutex_unlock(&dev->mutex);
+	idr_init(&ih->idr);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ih->watches);
+	mutex_init(&ih->mutex);
+	ih->last_wd = 0;
+	ih->in_ops = ops;
+	atomic_set(&ih->count, 0);
+	get_inotify_handle(ih);
 
-	return ret;
+	return ih;
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(inotify_init);
 
-static int inotify_release(struct inode *ignored, struct file *file)
+/**
+ * inotify_destroy - clean up and destroy an inotify instance
+ * @ih: inotify handle
+ */
+void inotify_destroy(struct inotify_handle *ih)
 {
-	struct inotify_device *dev = file->private_data;
-
 	/*
-	 * Destroy all of the watches on this device.  Unfortunately, not very
+	 * Destroy all of the watches for this handle. Unfortunately, not very
 	 * pretty.  We cannot do a simple iteration over the list, because we
 	 * do not know the inode until we iterate to the watch.  But we need to
-	 * hold inode->inotify_mutex before dev->mutex.  The following works.
+	 * hold inode->inotify_mutex before ih->mutex.  The following works.
 	 */
 	while (1) {
 		struct inotify_watch *watch;
 		struct list_head *watches;
 		struct inode *inode;
 
-		mutex_lock(&dev->mutex);
-		watches = &dev->watches;
+		mutex_lock(&ih->mutex);
+		watches = &ih->watches;
 		if (list_empty(watches)) {
-			mutex_unlock(&dev->mutex);
+			mutex_unlock(&ih->mutex);
 			break;
 		}
-		watch = list_entry(watches->next, struct inotify_watch, d_list);
+		watch = list_entry(watches->next, struct inotify_watch, h_list);
 		get_inotify_watch(watch);
-		mutex_unlock(&dev->mutex);
+		mutex_unlock(&ih->mutex);
 
 		inode = watch->inode;
 		mutex_lock(&inode->inotify_mutex);
-		mutex_lock(&dev->mutex);
+		mutex_lock(&ih->mutex);
 
 		/* make sure we didn't race with another list removal */
-		if (likely(idr_find(&dev->idr, watch->wd)))
-			remove_watch_no_event(watch, dev);
+		if (likely(idr_find(&ih->idr, watch->wd))) {
+			remove_watch_no_event(watch, ih);
+			put_inotify_watch(watch);
+		}
 
-		mutex_unlock(&dev->mutex);
+		mutex_unlock(&ih->mutex);
 		mutex_unlock(&inode->inotify_mutex);
 		put_inotify_watch(watch);
 	}
 
-	/* destroy all of the events on this device */
-	mutex_lock(&dev->mutex);
-	while (!list_empty(&dev->events))
-		inotify_dev_event_dequeue(dev);
-	mutex_unlock(&dev->mutex);
-
-	/* free this device: the put matching the get in inotify_init() */
-	put_inotify_dev(dev);
-
-	return 0;
+	/* free this handle: the put matching the get in inotify_init() */
+	put_inotify_handle(ih);
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(inotify_destroy);
 
-/*
- * inotify_ignore - remove a given wd from this inotify instance.
+/**
+ * inotify_find_update_watch - find and update the mask of an existing watch
+ * @ih: inotify handle
+ * @inode: inode's watch to update
+ * @mask: mask of events to watch
  *
- * Can sleep.
+ * Caller must pin given inode (via nameidata).
  */
-static int inotify_ignore(struct inotify_device *dev, s32 wd)
+s32 inotify_find_update_watch(struct inotify_handle *ih, struct inode *inode,
+			      u32 mask)
 {
-	struct inotify_watch *watch;
-	struct inode *inode;
+	struct inotify_watch *old;
+	int mask_add = 0;
+	int ret;
 
-	mutex_lock(&dev->mutex);
-	watch = idr_find(&dev->idr, wd);
-	if (unlikely(!watch)) {
-		mutex_unlock(&dev->mutex);
+	if (mask & IN_MASK_ADD)
+		mask_add = 1;
+
+	/* don't allow invalid bits: we don't want flags set */
+	mask &= IN_ALL_EVENTS | IN_ONESHOT;
+	if (unlikely(!mask))
 		return -EINVAL;
-	}
-	get_inotify_watch(watch);
-	inode = watch->inode;
-	mutex_unlock(&dev->mutex);
 
 	mutex_lock(&inode->inotify_mutex);
-	mutex_lock(&dev->mutex);
-
-	/* make sure that we did not race */
-	if (likely(idr_find(&dev->idr, wd) == watch))
-		remove_watch(watch, dev);
-
-	mutex_unlock(&dev->mutex);
-	mutex_unlock(&inode->inotify_mutex);
-	put_inotify_watch(watch);
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static long inotify_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd,
-			  unsigned long arg)
-{
-	struct inotify_device *dev;
-	void __user *p;
-	int ret = -ENOTTY;
+	mutex_lock(&ih->mutex);
 
-	dev = file->private_data;
-	p = (void __user *) arg;
-
-	switch (cmd) {
-	case FIONREAD:
-		ret = put_user(dev->queue_size, (int __user *) p);
-		break;
-	}
-
-	return ret;
-}
-
-static const struct file_operations inotify_fops = {
-	.poll           = inotify_poll,
-	.read           = inotify_read,
-	.release        = inotify_release,
-	.unlocked_ioctl = inotify_ioctl,
-	.compat_ioctl	= inotify_ioctl,
-};
-
-asmlinkage long sys_inotify_init(void)
-{
-	struct inotify_device *dev;
-	struct user_struct *user;
-	struct file *filp;	
-	int fd, ret;
-
-	fd = get_unused_fd();
-	if (fd < 0)
-		return fd;
-
-	filp = get_empty_filp();
-	if (!filp) {
-		ret = -ENFILE;
-		goto out_put_fd;
-	}
-
-	user = get_uid(current->user);
-	if (unlikely(atomic_read(&user->inotify_devs) >=
-			inotify_max_user_instances)) {
-		ret = -EMFILE;
-		goto out_free_uid;
-	}
-
-	dev = kmalloc(sizeof(struct inotify_device), GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (unlikely(!dev)) {
-		ret = -ENOMEM;
-		goto out_free_uid;
+	/*
+	 * Handle the case of re-adding a watch on an (inode,ih) pair that we
+	 * are already watching.  We just update the mask and return its wd.
+	 */
+	old = inode_find_handle(inode, ih);
+	if (unlikely(!old)) {
+		ret = -ENOENT;
+		goto out;
 	}
 
-	filp->f_op = &inotify_fops;
-	filp->f_vfsmnt = mntget(inotify_mnt);
-	filp->f_dentry = dget(inotify_mnt->mnt_root);
-	filp->f_mapping = filp->f_dentry->d_inode->i_mapping;
-	filp->f_mode = FMODE_READ;
-	filp->f_flags = O_RDONLY;
-	filp->private_data = dev;
-
-	idr_init(&dev->idr);
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dev->events);
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dev->watches);
-	init_waitqueue_head(&dev->wq);
-	mutex_init(&dev->mutex);
-	dev->event_count = 0;
-	dev->queue_size = 0;
-	dev->max_events = inotify_max_queued_events;
-	dev->user = user;
-	dev->last_wd = 0;
-	atomic_set(&dev->count, 0);
-
-	get_inotify_dev(dev);
-	atomic_inc(&user->inotify_devs);
-	fd_install(fd, filp);
-
-	return fd;
-out_free_uid:
-	free_uid(user);
-	put_filp(filp);
-out_put_fd:
-	put_unused_fd(fd);
+	if (mask_add)
+		old->mask |= mask;
+	else
+		old->mask = mask;
+	ret = old->wd;
+out:
+	mutex_unlock(&ih->mutex);
+	mutex_unlock(&inode->inotify_mutex);
 	return ret;
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(inotify_find_update_watch);
 
-asmlinkage long sys_inotify_add_watch(int fd, const char __user *path, u32 mask)
+/**
+ * inotify_add_watch - add a watch to an inotify instance
+ * @ih: inotify handle
+ * @watch: caller allocated watch structure
+ * @inode: inode to watch
+ * @mask: mask of events to watch
+ *
+ * Caller must pin given inode (via nameidata).
+ * Caller must ensure it only calls inotify_add_watch() once per watch.
+ * Calls inotify_handle_get_wd() so may sleep.
+ */
+s32 inotify_add_watch(struct inotify_handle *ih, struct inotify_watch *watch,
+		      struct inode *inode, u32 mask)
 {
-	struct inotify_watch *watch, *old;
-	struct inode *inode;
-	struct inotify_device *dev;
-	struct nameidata nd;
-	struct file *filp;
-	int ret, fput_needed;
-	int mask_add = 0;
-	unsigned flags = 0;
-
-	filp = fget_light(fd, &fput_needed);
-	if (unlikely(!filp))
-		return -EBADF;
+	int ret = 0;
 
-	/* verify that this is indeed an inotify instance */
-	if (unlikely(filp->f_op != &inotify_fops)) {
-		ret = -EINVAL;
-		goto fput_and_out;
-	}
+	/* don't allow invalid bits: we don't want flags set */
+	mask &= IN_ALL_EVENTS | IN_ONESHOT;
+	if (unlikely(!mask))
+		return -EINVAL;
+	watch->mask = mask;
 
-	if (!(mask & IN_DONT_FOLLOW))
-		flags |= LOOKUP_FOLLOW;
-	if (mask & IN_ONLYDIR)
-		flags |= LOOKUP_DIRECTORY;
+	mutex_lock(&inode->inotify_mutex);
+	mutex_lock(&ih->mutex);
 
-	ret = find_inode(path, &nd, flags);
+	/* Initialize a new watch */
+	ret = inotify_handle_get_wd(ih, watch);
 	if (unlikely(ret))
-		goto fput_and_out;
-
-	/* inode held in place by reference to nd; dev by fget on fd */
-	inode = nd.dentry->d_inode;
-	dev = filp->private_data;
-
-	mutex_lock(&inode->inotify_mutex);
-	mutex_lock(&dev->mutex);
+		goto out;
+	ret = watch->wd;
 
-	if (mask & IN_MASK_ADD)
-		mask_add = 1;
+	atomic_set(&watch->count, 0);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&watch->h_list);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&watch->i_list);
 
-	/* don't let user-space set invalid bits: we don't want flags set */
-	mask &= IN_ALL_EVENTS | IN_ONESHOT;
-	if (unlikely(!mask)) {
-		ret = -EINVAL;
-		goto out;
-	}
+	/* save a reference to handle and bump the count to make it official */
+	get_inotify_handle(ih);
+	watch->ih = ih;
 
 	/*
-	 * Handle the case of re-adding a watch on an (inode,dev) pair that we
-	 * are already watching.  We just update the mask and return its wd.
+	 * Save a reference to the inode and bump the ref count to make it
+	 * official.  We hold a reference to nameidata, which makes this safe.
 	 */
-	old = inode_find_dev(inode, dev);
-	if (unlikely(old)) {
-		if (mask_add)
-			old->mask |= mask;
-		else
-			old->mask = mask;
-		ret = old->wd;
-		goto out;
-	}
+	watch->inode = igrab(inode);
 
-	watch = create_watch(dev, mask, inode);
-	if (unlikely(IS_ERR(watch))) {
-		ret = PTR_ERR(watch);
-		goto out;
-	}
+	get_inotify_watch(watch); /* initial get */
 
 	if (!inotify_inode_watched(inode))
 		set_dentry_child_flags(inode, 1);
 
-	/* Add the watch to the device's and the inode's list */
-	list_add(&watch->d_list, &dev->watches);
+	/* Add the watch to the handle's and the inode's list */
+	list_add(&watch->h_list, &ih->watches);
 	list_add(&watch->i_list, &inode->inotify_watches);
-	ret = watch->wd;
 out:
-	mutex_unlock(&dev->mutex);
+	mutex_unlock(&ih->mutex);
 	mutex_unlock(&inode->inotify_mutex);
-	path_release(&nd);
-fput_and_out:
-	fput_light(filp, fput_needed);
 	return ret;
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(inotify_add_watch);
 
-asmlinkage long sys_inotify_rm_watch(int fd, u32 wd)
+/**
+ * inotify_rm_wd - remove a watch from an inotify instance
+ * @ih: inotify handle
+ * @wd: watch descriptor to remove
+ *
+ * Can sleep.
+ */
+int inotify_rm_wd(struct inotify_handle *ih, u32 wd)
 {
-	struct file *filp;
-	struct inotify_device *dev;
-	int ret, fput_needed;
-
-	filp = fget_light(fd, &fput_needed);
-	if (unlikely(!filp))
-		return -EBADF;
+	struct inotify_watch *watch;
+	struct inode *inode;
 
-	/* verify that this is indeed an inotify instance */
-	if (unlikely(filp->f_op != &inotify_fops)) {
-		ret = -EINVAL;
-		goto out;
+	mutex_lock(&ih->mutex);
+	watch = idr_find(&ih->idr, wd);
+	if (unlikely(!watch)) {
+		mutex_unlock(&ih->mutex);
+		return -EINVAL;
 	}
+	get_inotify_watch(watch);
+	inode = watch->inode;
+	mutex_unlock(&ih->mutex);
 
-	dev = filp->private_data;
-	ret = inotify_ignore(dev, wd);
+	mutex_lock(&inode->inotify_mutex);
+	mutex_lock(&ih->mutex);
 
-out:
-	fput_light(filp, fput_needed);
-	return ret;
-}
+	/* make sure that we did not race */
+	if (likely(idr_find(&ih->idr, wd) == watch))
+		remove_watch(watch, ih);
 
-static struct super_block *
-inotify_get_sb(struct file_system_type *fs_type, int flags,
-	       const char *dev_name, void *data)
-{
-    return get_sb_pseudo(fs_type, "inotify", NULL, 0xBAD1DEA);
-}
+	mutex_unlock(&ih->mutex);
+	mutex_unlock(&inode->inotify_mutex);
+	put_inotify_watch(watch);
 
-static struct file_system_type inotify_fs_type = {
-    .name           = "inotifyfs",
-    .get_sb         = inotify_get_sb,
-    .kill_sb        = kill_anon_super,
-};
+	return 0;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(inotify_rm_wd);
 
 /*
- * inotify_setup - Our initialization function.  Note that we cannnot return
- * error because we have compiled-in VFS hooks.  So an (unlikely) failure here
- * must result in panic().
+ * inotify_setup - core initialization function
  */
 static int __init inotify_setup(void)
 {
-	int ret;
-
-	ret = register_filesystem(&inotify_fs_type);
-	if (unlikely(ret))
-		panic("inotify: register_filesystem returned %d!\n", ret);
-
-	inotify_mnt = kern_mount(&inotify_fs_type);
-	if (IS_ERR(inotify_mnt))
-		panic("inotify: kern_mount ret %ld!\n", PTR_ERR(inotify_mnt));
-
-	inotify_max_queued_events = 16384;
-	inotify_max_user_instances = 128;
-	inotify_max_user_watches = 8192;
-
 	atomic_set(&inotify_cookie, 0);
 
-	watch_cachep = kmem_cache_create("inotify_watch_cache",
-					 sizeof(struct inotify_watch),
-					 0, SLAB_PANIC, NULL, NULL);
-	event_cachep = kmem_cache_create("inotify_event_cache",
-					 sizeof(struct inotify_kernel_event),
-					 0, SLAB_PANIC, NULL, NULL);
-
 	return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/fs/inotify_user.c b/fs/inotify_user.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..845dc79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/inotify_user.c
@@ -0,0 +1,717 @@
+/*
+ * fs/inotify_user.c - inotify support for userspace
+ *
+ * Authors:
+ *	John McCutchan	<ttb@tentacle.dhs.org>
+ *	Robert Love	<rml@novell.com>
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2005 John McCutchan
+ * Copyright 2006 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+ * Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
+ * later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * General Public License for more details.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/sched.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/file.h>
+#include <linux/mount.h>
+#include <linux/namei.h>
+#include <linux/poll.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/list.h>
+#include <linux/inotify.h>
+#include <linux/syscalls.h>
+
+#include <asm/ioctls.h>
+
+static kmem_cache_t *watch_cachep __read_mostly;
+static kmem_cache_t *event_cachep __read_mostly;
+
+static struct vfsmount *inotify_mnt __read_mostly;
+
+/* these are configurable via /proc/sys/fs/inotify/ */
+int inotify_max_user_instances __read_mostly;
+int inotify_max_user_watches __read_mostly;
+int inotify_max_queued_events __read_mostly;
+
+/*
+ * Lock ordering:
+ *
+ * inotify_dev->up_mutex (ensures we don't re-add the same watch)
+ * 	inode->inotify_mutex (protects inode's watch list)
+ * 		inotify_handle->mutex (protects inotify_handle's watch list)
+ * 			inotify_dev->ev_mutex (protects device's event queue)
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Lifetimes of the main data structures:
+ *
+ * inotify_device: Lifetime is managed by reference count, from
+ * sys_inotify_init() until release.  Additional references can bump the count
+ * via get_inotify_dev() and drop the count via put_inotify_dev().
+ *
+ * inotify_user_watch: Lifetime is from create_watch() to the receipt of an
+ * IN_IGNORED event from inotify, or when using IN_ONESHOT, to receipt of the
+ * first event, or to inotify_destroy().
+ */
+
+/*
+ * struct inotify_device - represents an inotify instance
+ *
+ * This structure is protected by the mutex 'mutex'.
+ */
+struct inotify_device {
+	wait_queue_head_t 	wq;		/* wait queue for i/o */
+	struct mutex		ev_mutex;	/* protects event queue */
+	struct mutex		up_mutex;	/* synchronizes watch updates */
+	struct list_head 	events;		/* list of queued events */
+	atomic_t		count;		/* reference count */
+	struct user_struct	*user;		/* user who opened this dev */
+	struct inotify_handle	*ih;		/* inotify handle */
+	unsigned int		queue_size;	/* size of the queue (bytes) */
+	unsigned int		event_count;	/* number of pending events */
+	unsigned int		max_events;	/* maximum number of events */
+};
+
+/*
+ * struct inotify_kernel_event - An inotify event, originating from a watch and
+ * queued for user-space.  A list of these is attached to each instance of the
+ * device.  In read(), this list is walked and all events that can fit in the
+ * buffer are returned.
+ *
+ * Protected by dev->ev_mutex of the device in which we are queued.
+ */
+struct inotify_kernel_event {
+	struct inotify_event	event;	/* the user-space event */
+	struct list_head        list;	/* entry in inotify_device's list */
+	char			*name;	/* filename, if any */
+};
+
+/*
+ * struct inotify_user_watch - our version of an inotify_watch, we add
+ * a reference to the associated inotify_device.
+ */
+struct inotify_user_watch {
+	struct inotify_device	*dev;	/* associated device */
+	struct inotify_watch	wdata;	/* inotify watch data */
+};
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL
+
+#include <linux/sysctl.h>
+
+static int zero;
+
+ctl_table inotify_table[] = {
+	{
+		.ctl_name	= INOTIFY_MAX_USER_INSTANCES,
+		.procname	= "max_user_instances",
+		.data		= &inotify_max_user_instances,
+		.maxlen		= sizeof(int),
+		.mode		= 0644,
+		.proc_handler	= &proc_dointvec_minmax,
+		.strategy	= &sysctl_intvec,
+		.extra1		= &zero,
+	},
+	{
+		.ctl_name	= INOTIFY_MAX_USER_WATCHES,
+		.procname	= "max_user_watches",
+		.data		= &inotify_max_user_watches,
+		.maxlen		= sizeof(int),
+		.mode		= 0644,
+		.proc_handler	= &proc_dointvec_minmax,
+		.strategy	= &sysctl_intvec,
+		.extra1		= &zero,
+	},
+	{
+		.ctl_name	= INOTIFY_MAX_QUEUED_EVENTS,
+		.procname	= "max_queued_events",
+		.data		= &inotify_max_queued_events,
+		.maxlen		= sizeof(int),
+		.mode		= 0644,
+		.proc_handler	= &proc_dointvec_minmax,
+		.strategy	= &sysctl_intvec,
+		.extra1		= &zero
+	},
+	{ .ctl_name = 0 }
+};
+#endif /* CONFIG_SYSCTL */
+
+static inline void get_inotify_dev(struct inotify_device *dev)
+{
+	atomic_inc(&dev->count);
+}
+
+static inline void put_inotify_dev(struct inotify_device *dev)
+{
+	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&dev->count)) {
+		atomic_dec(&dev->user->inotify_devs);
+		free_uid(dev->user);
+		kfree(dev);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * free_inotify_user_watch - cleans up the watch and its references
+ */
+static void free_inotify_user_watch(struct inotify_watch *w)
+{
+	struct inotify_user_watch *watch;
+	struct inotify_device *dev;
+
+	watch = container_of(w, struct inotify_user_watch, wdata);
+	dev = watch->dev;
+
+	atomic_dec(&dev->user->inotify_watches);
+	put_inotify_dev(dev);
+	kmem_cache_free(watch_cachep, watch);
+}
+
+/*
+ * kernel_event - create a new kernel event with the given parameters
+ *
+ * This function can sleep.
+ */
+static struct inotify_kernel_event * kernel_event(s32 wd, u32 mask, u32 cookie,
+						  const char *name)
+{
+	struct inotify_kernel_event *kevent;
+
+	kevent = kmem_cache_alloc(event_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (unlikely(!kevent))
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* we hand this out to user-space, so zero it just in case */
+	memset(&kevent->event, 0, sizeof(struct inotify_event));
+
+	kevent->event.wd = wd;
+	kevent->event.mask = mask;
+	kevent->event.cookie = cookie;
+
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&kevent->list);
+
+	if (name) {
+		size_t len, rem, event_size = sizeof(struct inotify_event);
+
+		/*
+		 * We need to pad the filename so as to properly align an
+		 * array of inotify_event structures.  Because the structure is
+		 * small and the common case is a small filename, we just round
+		 * up to the next multiple of the structure's sizeof.  This is
+		 * simple and safe for all architectures.
+		 */
+		len = strlen(name) + 1;
+		rem = event_size - len;
+		if (len > event_size) {
+			rem = event_size - (len % event_size);
+			if (len % event_size == 0)
+				rem = 0;
+		}
+
+		kevent->name = kmalloc(len + rem, GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (unlikely(!kevent->name)) {
+			kmem_cache_free(event_cachep, kevent);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		memcpy(kevent->name, name, len);
+		if (rem)
+			memset(kevent->name + len, 0, rem);
+		kevent->event.len = len + rem;
+	} else {
+		kevent->event.len = 0;
+		kevent->name = NULL;
+	}
+
+	return kevent;
+}
+
+/*
+ * inotify_dev_get_event - return the next event in the given dev's queue
+ *
+ * Caller must hold dev->ev_mutex.
+ */
+static inline struct inotify_kernel_event *
+inotify_dev_get_event(struct inotify_device *dev)
+{
+	return list_entry(dev->events.next, struct inotify_kernel_event, list);
+}
+
+/*
+ * inotify_dev_queue_event - event handler registered with core inotify, adds
+ * a new event to the given device
+ *
+ * Can sleep (calls kernel_event()).
+ */
+static void inotify_dev_queue_event(struct inotify_watch *w, u32 wd, u32 mask,
+				    u32 cookie, const char *name)
+{
+	struct inotify_user_watch *watch;
+	struct inotify_device *dev;
+	struct inotify_kernel_event *kevent, *last;
+
+	watch = container_of(w, struct inotify_user_watch, wdata);
+	dev = watch->dev;
+
+	mutex_lock(&dev->ev_mutex);
+
+	/* we can safely put the watch as we don't reference it while
+	 * generating the event
+	 */
+	if (mask & IN_IGNORED || mask & IN_ONESHOT)
+		put_inotify_watch(w); /* final put */
+
+	/* coalescing: drop this event if it is a dupe of the previous */
+	last = inotify_dev_get_event(dev);
+	if (last && last->event.mask == mask && last->event.wd == wd &&
+			last->event.cookie == cookie) {
+		const char *lastname = last->name;
+
+		if (!name && !lastname)
+			goto out;
+		if (name && lastname && !strcmp(lastname, name))
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* the queue overflowed and we already sent the Q_OVERFLOW event */
+	if (unlikely(dev->event_count > dev->max_events))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* if the queue overflows, we need to notify user space */
+	if (unlikely(dev->event_count == dev->max_events))
+		kevent = kernel_event(-1, IN_Q_OVERFLOW, cookie, NULL);
+	else
+		kevent = kernel_event(wd, mask, cookie, name);
+
+	if (unlikely(!kevent))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* queue the event and wake up anyone waiting */
+	dev->event_count++;
+	dev->queue_size += sizeof(struct inotify_event) + kevent->event.len;
+	list_add_tail(&kevent->list, &dev->events);
+	wake_up_interruptible(&dev->wq);
+
+out:
+	mutex_unlock(&dev->ev_mutex);
+}
+
+/*
+ * remove_kevent - cleans up and ultimately frees the given kevent
+ *
+ * Caller must hold dev->ev_mutex.
+ */
+static void remove_kevent(struct inotify_device *dev,
+			  struct inotify_kernel_event *kevent)
+{
+	list_del(&kevent->list);
+
+	dev->event_count--;
+	dev->queue_size -= sizeof(struct inotify_event) + kevent->event.len;
+
+	kfree(kevent->name);
+	kmem_cache_free(event_cachep, kevent);
+}
+
+/*
+ * inotify_dev_event_dequeue - destroy an event on the given device
+ *
+ * Caller must hold dev->ev_mutex.
+ */
+static void inotify_dev_event_dequeue(struct inotify_device *dev)
+{
+	if (!list_empty(&dev->events)) {
+		struct inotify_kernel_event *kevent;
+		kevent = inotify_dev_get_event(dev);
+		remove_kevent(dev, kevent);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * find_inode - resolve a user-given path to a specific inode and return a nd
+ */
+static int find_inode(const char __user *dirname, struct nameidata *nd,
+		      unsigned flags)
+{
+	int error;
+
+	error = __user_walk(dirname, flags, nd);
+	if (error)
+		return error;
+	/* you can only watch an inode if you have read permissions on it */
+	error = vfs_permission(nd, MAY_READ);
+	if (error)
+		path_release(nd);
+	return error;
+}
+
+/*
+ * create_watch - creates a watch on the given device.
+ *
+ * Callers must hold dev->up_mutex.
+ */
+static int create_watch(struct inotify_device *dev, struct inode *inode,
+			u32 mask)
+{
+	struct inotify_user_watch *watch;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (atomic_read(&dev->user->inotify_watches) >=
+			inotify_max_user_watches)
+		return -ENOSPC;
+
+	watch = kmem_cache_alloc(watch_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (unlikely(!watch))
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	/* save a reference to device and bump the count to make it official */
+	get_inotify_dev(dev);
+	watch->dev = dev;
+
+	atomic_inc(&dev->user->inotify_watches);
+
+	ret = inotify_add_watch(dev->ih, &watch->wdata, inode, mask);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		free_inotify_user_watch(&watch->wdata);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* Device Interface */
+
+static unsigned int inotify_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
+{
+	struct inotify_device *dev = file->private_data;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	poll_wait(file, &dev->wq, wait);
+	mutex_lock(&dev->ev_mutex);
+	if (!list_empty(&dev->events))
+		ret = POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
+	mutex_unlock(&dev->ev_mutex);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static ssize_t inotify_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
+			    size_t count, loff_t *pos)
+{
+	size_t event_size = sizeof (struct inotify_event);
+	struct inotify_device *dev;
+	char __user *start;
+	int ret;
+	DEFINE_WAIT(wait);
+
+	start = buf;
+	dev = file->private_data;
+
+	while (1) {
+		int events;
+
+		prepare_to_wait(&dev->wq, &wait, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
+
+		mutex_lock(&dev->ev_mutex);
+		events = !list_empty(&dev->events);
+		mutex_unlock(&dev->ev_mutex);
+		if (events) {
+			ret = 0;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK) {
+			ret = -EAGAIN;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if (signal_pending(current)) {
+			ret = -EINTR;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		schedule();
+	}
+
+	finish_wait(&dev->wq, &wait);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	mutex_lock(&dev->ev_mutex);
+	while (1) {
+		struct inotify_kernel_event *kevent;
+
+		ret = buf - start;
+		if (list_empty(&dev->events))
+			break;
+
+		kevent = inotify_dev_get_event(dev);
+		if (event_size + kevent->event.len > count)
+			break;
+
+		if (copy_to_user(buf, &kevent->event, event_size)) {
+			ret = -EFAULT;
+			break;
+		}
+		buf += event_size;
+		count -= event_size;
+
+		if (kevent->name) {
+			if (copy_to_user(buf, kevent->name, kevent->event.len)){
+				ret = -EFAULT;
+				break;
+			}
+			buf += kevent->event.len;
+			count -= kevent->event.len;
+		}
+
+		remove_kevent(dev, kevent);
+	}
+	mutex_unlock(&dev->ev_mutex);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int inotify_release(struct inode *ignored, struct file *file)
+{
+	struct inotify_device *dev = file->private_data;
+
+	inotify_destroy(dev->ih);
+
+	/* destroy all of the events on this device */
+	mutex_lock(&dev->ev_mutex);
+	while (!list_empty(&dev->events))
+		inotify_dev_event_dequeue(dev);
+	mutex_unlock(&dev->ev_mutex);
+
+	/* free this device: the put matching the get in inotify_init() */
+	put_inotify_dev(dev);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static long inotify_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd,
+			  unsigned long arg)
+{
+	struct inotify_device *dev;
+	void __user *p;
+	int ret = -ENOTTY;
+
+	dev = file->private_data;
+	p = (void __user *) arg;
+
+	switch (cmd) {
+	case FIONREAD:
+		ret = put_user(dev->queue_size, (int __user *) p);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static const struct file_operations inotify_fops = {
+	.poll           = inotify_poll,
+	.read           = inotify_read,
+	.release        = inotify_release,
+	.unlocked_ioctl = inotify_ioctl,
+	.compat_ioctl	= inotify_ioctl,
+};
+
+static const struct inotify_operations inotify_user_ops = {
+	.handle_event	= inotify_dev_queue_event,
+	.destroy_watch	= free_inotify_user_watch,
+};
+
+asmlinkage long sys_inotify_init(void)
+{
+	struct inotify_device *dev;
+	struct inotify_handle *ih;
+	struct user_struct *user;
+	struct file *filp;
+	int fd, ret;
+
+	fd = get_unused_fd();
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return fd;
+
+	filp = get_empty_filp();
+	if (!filp) {
+		ret = -ENFILE;
+		goto out_put_fd;
+	}
+
+	user = get_uid(current->user);
+	if (unlikely(atomic_read(&user->inotify_devs) >=
+			inotify_max_user_instances)) {
+		ret = -EMFILE;
+		goto out_free_uid;
+	}
+
+	dev = kmalloc(sizeof(struct inotify_device), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (unlikely(!dev)) {
+		ret = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out_free_uid;
+	}
+
+	ih = inotify_init(&inotify_user_ops);
+	if (unlikely(IS_ERR(ih))) {
+		ret = PTR_ERR(ih);
+		goto out_free_dev;
+	}
+	dev->ih = ih;
+
+	filp->f_op = &inotify_fops;
+	filp->f_vfsmnt = mntget(inotify_mnt);
+	filp->f_dentry = dget(inotify_mnt->mnt_root);
+	filp->f_mapping = filp->f_dentry->d_inode->i_mapping;
+	filp->f_mode = FMODE_READ;
+	filp->f_flags = O_RDONLY;
+	filp->private_data = dev;
+
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dev->events);
+	init_waitqueue_head(&dev->wq);
+	mutex_init(&dev->ev_mutex);
+	mutex_init(&dev->up_mutex);
+	dev->event_count = 0;
+	dev->queue_size = 0;
+	dev->max_events = inotify_max_queued_events;
+	dev->user = user;
+	atomic_set(&dev->count, 0);
+
+	get_inotify_dev(dev);
+	atomic_inc(&user->inotify_devs);
+	fd_install(fd, filp);
+
+	return fd;
+out_free_dev:
+	kfree(dev);
+out_free_uid:
+	free_uid(user);
+	put_filp(filp);
+out_put_fd:
+	put_unused_fd(fd);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+asmlinkage long sys_inotify_add_watch(int fd, const char __user *path, u32 mask)
+{
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct inotify_device *dev;
+	struct nameidata nd;
+	struct file *filp;
+	int ret, fput_needed;
+	unsigned flags = 0;
+
+	filp = fget_light(fd, &fput_needed);
+	if (unlikely(!filp))
+		return -EBADF;
+
+	/* verify that this is indeed an inotify instance */
+	if (unlikely(filp->f_op != &inotify_fops)) {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto fput_and_out;
+	}
+
+	if (!(mask & IN_DONT_FOLLOW))
+		flags |= LOOKUP_FOLLOW;
+	if (mask & IN_ONLYDIR)
+		flags |= LOOKUP_DIRECTORY;
+
+	ret = find_inode(path, &nd, flags);
+	if (unlikely(ret))
+		goto fput_and_out;
+
+	/* inode held in place by reference to nd; dev by fget on fd */
+	inode = nd.dentry->d_inode;
+	dev = filp->private_data;
+
+	mutex_lock(&dev->up_mutex);
+	ret = inotify_find_update_watch(dev->ih, inode, mask);
+	if (ret == -ENOENT)
+		ret = create_watch(dev, inode, mask);
+	mutex_unlock(&dev->up_mutex);
+
+	path_release(&nd);
+fput_and_out:
+	fput_light(filp, fput_needed);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+asmlinkage long sys_inotify_rm_watch(int fd, u32 wd)
+{
+	struct file *filp;
+	struct inotify_device *dev;
+	int ret, fput_needed;
+
+	filp = fget_light(fd, &fput_needed);
+	if (unlikely(!filp))
+		return -EBADF;
+
+	/* verify that this is indeed an inotify instance */
+	if (unlikely(filp->f_op != &inotify_fops)) {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	dev = filp->private_data;
+
+	/* we free our watch data when we get IN_IGNORED */
+	ret = inotify_rm_wd(dev->ih, wd);
+
+out:
+	fput_light(filp, fput_needed);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static struct super_block *
+inotify_get_sb(struct file_system_type *fs_type, int flags,
+	       const char *dev_name, void *data)
+{
+    return get_sb_pseudo(fs_type, "inotify", NULL, 0xBAD1DEA);
+}
+
+static struct file_system_type inotify_fs_type = {
+    .name           = "inotifyfs",
+    .get_sb         = inotify_get_sb,
+    .kill_sb        = kill_anon_super,
+};
+
+/*
+ * inotify_user_setup - Our initialization function.  Note that we cannnot return
+ * error because we have compiled-in VFS hooks.  So an (unlikely) failure here
+ * must result in panic().
+ */
+static int __init inotify_user_setup(void)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = register_filesystem(&inotify_fs_type);
+	if (unlikely(ret))
+		panic("inotify: register_filesystem returned %d!\n", ret);
+
+	inotify_mnt = kern_mount(&inotify_fs_type);
+	if (IS_ERR(inotify_mnt))
+		panic("inotify: kern_mount ret %ld!\n", PTR_ERR(inotify_mnt));
+
+	inotify_max_queued_events = 16384;
+	inotify_max_user_instances = 128;
+	inotify_max_user_watches = 8192;
+
+	watch_cachep = kmem_cache_create("inotify_watch_cache",
+					 sizeof(struct inotify_user_watch),
+					 0, SLAB_PANIC, NULL, NULL);
+	event_cachep = kmem_cache_create("inotify_event_cache",
+					 sizeof(struct inotify_kernel_event),
+					 0, SLAB_PANIC, NULL, NULL);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+module_init(inotify_user_setup);