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+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Guava Authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.google.common.util.concurrent;
+
+import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument;
+import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
+
+import com.google.common.annotations.Beta;
+import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
+import com.google.common.collect.Queues;
+
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor;
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+
+/**
+ * Factory and utility methods for {@link java.util.concurrent.Executor}, {@link
+ * ExecutorService}, and {@link ThreadFactory}.
+ *
+ * @author Eric Fellheimer
+ * @author Kyle Littlefield
+ * @author Justin Mahoney
+ * @since 3.0
+ */
+public final class MoreExecutors {
+ private MoreExecutors() {}
+
+ /**
+ * Converts the given ThreadPoolExecutor into an ExecutorService that exits
+ * when the application is complete. It does so by using daemon threads and
+ * adding a shutdown hook to wait for their completion.
+ *
+ * <p>This is mainly for fixed thread pools.
+ * See {@link Executors#newFixedThreadPool(int)}.
+ *
+ * @param executor the executor to modify to make sure it exits when the
+ * application is finished
+ * @param terminationTimeout how long to wait for the executor to
+ * finish before terminating the JVM
+ * @param timeUnit unit of time for the time parameter
+ * @return an unmodifiable version of the input which will not hang the JVM
+ */
+ @Beta
+ public static ExecutorService getExitingExecutorService(
+ ThreadPoolExecutor executor, long terminationTimeout, TimeUnit timeUnit) {
+ executor.setThreadFactory(new ThreadFactoryBuilder()
+ .setDaemon(true)
+ .setThreadFactory(executor.getThreadFactory())
+ .build());
+
+ ExecutorService service = Executors.unconfigurableExecutorService(executor);
+
+ addDelayedShutdownHook(service, terminationTimeout, timeUnit);
+
+ return service;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Converts the given ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor into a
+ * ScheduledExecutorService that exits when the application is complete. It
+ * does so by using daemon threads and adding a shutdown hook to wait for
+ * their completion.
+ *
+ * <p>This is mainly for fixed thread pools.
+ * See {@link Executors#newScheduledThreadPool(int)}.
+ *
+ * @param executor the executor to modify to make sure it exits when the
+ * application is finished
+ * @param terminationTimeout how long to wait for the executor to
+ * finish before terminating the JVM
+ * @param timeUnit unit of time for the time parameter
+ * @return an unmodifiable version of the input which will not hang the JVM
+ */
+ @Beta
+ public static ScheduledExecutorService getExitingScheduledExecutorService(
+ ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor executor, long terminationTimeout,
+ TimeUnit timeUnit) {
+ executor.setThreadFactory(new ThreadFactoryBuilder()
+ .setDaemon(true)
+ .setThreadFactory(executor.getThreadFactory())
+ .build());
+
+ ScheduledExecutorService service =
+ Executors.unconfigurableScheduledExecutorService(executor);
+
+ addDelayedShutdownHook(service, terminationTimeout, timeUnit);
+
+ return service;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Add a shutdown hook to wait for thread completion in the given
+ * {@link ExecutorService service}. This is useful if the given service uses
+ * daemon threads, and we want to keep the JVM from exiting immediately on
+ * shutdown, instead giving these daemon threads a chance to terminate
+ * normally.
+ * @param service ExecutorService which uses daemon threads
+ * @param terminationTimeout how long to wait for the executor to finish
+ * before terminating the JVM
+ * @param timeUnit unit of time for the time parameter
+ */
+ @Beta
+ public static void addDelayedShutdownHook(
+ final ExecutorService service, final long terminationTimeout,
+ final TimeUnit timeUnit) {
+ Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread(new Runnable() {
+ @Override
+ public void run() {
+ try {
+ // We'd like to log progress and failures that may arise in the
+ // following code, but unfortunately the behavior of logging
+ // is undefined in shutdown hooks.
+ // This is because the logging code installs a shutdown hook of its
+ // own. See Cleaner class inside {@link LogManager}.
+ service.shutdown();
+ service.awaitTermination(terminationTimeout, timeUnit);
+ } catch (InterruptedException ignored) {
+ // We're shutting down anyway, so just ignore.
+ }
+ }
+ }, "DelayedShutdownHook-for-" + service));
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Converts the given ThreadPoolExecutor into an ExecutorService that exits
+ * when the application is complete. It does so by using daemon threads and
+ * adding a shutdown hook to wait for their completion.
+ *
+ * <p>This method waits 120 seconds before continuing with JVM termination,
+ * even if the executor has not finished its work.
+ *
+ * <p>This is mainly for fixed thread pools.
+ * See {@link Executors#newFixedThreadPool(int)}.
+ *
+ * @param executor the executor to modify to make sure it exits when the
+ * application is finished
+ * @return an unmodifiable version of the input which will not hang the JVM
+ */
+ @Beta
+ public static ExecutorService getExitingExecutorService(
+ ThreadPoolExecutor executor) {
+ return getExitingExecutorService(executor, 120, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Converts the given ThreadPoolExecutor into a ScheduledExecutorService that
+ * exits when the application is complete. It does so by using daemon threads
+ * and adding a shutdown hook to wait for their completion.
+ *
+ * <p>This method waits 120 seconds before continuing with JVM termination,
+ * even if the executor has not finished its work.
+ *
+ * <p>This is mainly for fixed thread pools.
+ * See {@link Executors#newScheduledThreadPool(int)}.
+ *
+ * @param executor the executor to modify to make sure it exits when the
+ * application is finished
+ * @return an unmodifiable version of the input which will not hang the JVM
+ */
+ @Beta
+ public static ScheduledExecutorService getExitingScheduledExecutorService(
+ ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor executor) {
+ return getExitingScheduledExecutorService(executor, 120, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an executor service that runs each task in the thread
+ * that invokes {@code execute/submit}, as in {@link CallerRunsPolicy} This
+ * applies both to individually submitted tasks and to collections of tasks
+ * submitted via {@code invokeAll} or {@code invokeAny}. In the latter case,
+ * tasks will run serially on the calling thread. Tasks are run to
+ * completion before a {@code Future} is returned to the caller (unless the
+ * executor has been shutdown).
+ *
+ * <p>Although all tasks are immediately executed in the thread that
+ * submitted the task, this {@code ExecutorService} imposes a small
+ * locking overhead on each task submission in order to implement shutdown
+ * and termination behavior.
+ *
+ * <p>The implementation deviates from the {@code ExecutorService}
+ * specification with regards to the {@code shutdownNow} method. First,
+ * "best-effort" with regards to canceling running tasks is implemented
+ * as "no-effort". No interrupts or other attempts are made to stop
+ * threads executing tasks. Second, the returned list will always be empty,
+ * as any submitted task is considered to have started execution.
+ * This applies also to tasks given to {@code invokeAll} or {@code invokeAny}
+ * which are pending serial execution, even the subset of the tasks that
+ * have not yet started execution. It is unclear from the
+ * {@code ExecutorService} specification if these should be included, and
+ * it's much easier to implement the interpretation that they not be.
+ * Finally, a call to {@code shutdown} or {@code shutdownNow} may result
+ * in concurrent calls to {@code invokeAll/invokeAny} throwing
+ * RejectedExecutionException, although a subset of the tasks may already
+ * have been executed.
+ *
+ * @since 10.0 (<a href="http://code.google.com/p/guava-libraries/wiki/Compatibility"
+ * >mostly source-compatible</a> since 3.0)
+ */
+ public static ListeningExecutorService sameThreadExecutor() {
+ return new SameThreadExecutorService();
+ }
+
+ // See sameThreadExecutor javadoc for behavioral notes.
+ private static class SameThreadExecutorService
+ extends AbstractListeningExecutorService {
+ /**
+ * Lock used whenever accessing the state variables
+ * (runningTasks, shutdown, terminationCondition) of the executor
+ */
+ private final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
+
+ /** Signaled after the executor is shutdown and running tasks are done */
+ private final Condition termination = lock.newCondition();
+
+ /*
+ * Conceptually, these two variables describe the executor being in
+ * one of three states:
+ * - Active: shutdown == false
+ * - Shutdown: runningTasks > 0 and shutdown == true
+ * - Terminated: runningTasks == 0 and shutdown == true
+ */
+ private int runningTasks = 0;
+ private boolean shutdown = false;
+
+ @Override
+ public void execute(Runnable command) {
+ startTask();
+ try {
+ command.run();
+ } finally {
+ endTask();
+ }
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public boolean isShutdown() {
+ lock.lock();
+ try {
+ return shutdown;
+ } finally {
+ lock.unlock();
+ }
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public void shutdown() {
+ lock.lock();
+ try {
+ shutdown = true;
+ } finally {
+ lock.unlock();
+ }
+ }
+
+ // See sameThreadExecutor javadoc for unusual behavior of this method.
+ @Override
+ public List<Runnable> shutdownNow() {
+ shutdown();
+ return Collections.emptyList();
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public boolean isTerminated() {
+ lock.lock();
+ try {
+ return shutdown && runningTasks == 0;
+ } finally {
+ lock.unlock();
+ }
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public boolean awaitTermination(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
+ throws InterruptedException {
+ long nanos = unit.toNanos(timeout);
+ lock.lock();
+ try {
+ for (;;) {
+ if (isTerminated()) {
+ return true;
+ } else if (nanos <= 0) {
+ return false;
+ } else {
+ nanos = termination.awaitNanos(nanos);
+ }
+ }
+ } finally {
+ lock.unlock();
+ }
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if the executor has been shut down and increments the running
+ * task count.
+ *
+ * @throws RejectedExecutionException if the executor has been previously
+ * shutdown
+ */
+ private void startTask() {
+ lock.lock();
+ try {
+ if (isShutdown()) {
+ throw new RejectedExecutionException("Executor already shutdown");
+ }
+ runningTasks++;
+ } finally {
+ lock.unlock();
+ }
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Decrements the running task count.
+ */
+ private void endTask() {
+ lock.lock();
+ try {
+ runningTasks--;
+ if (isTerminated()) {
+ termination.signalAll();
+ }
+ } finally {
+ lock.unlock();
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an {@link ExecutorService} whose {@code submit} and {@code
+ * invokeAll} methods submit {@link ListenableFutureTask} instances to the
+ * given delegate executor. Those methods, as well as {@code execute} and
+ * {@code invokeAny}, are implemented in terms of calls to {@code
+ * delegate.execute}. All other methods are forwarded unchanged to the
+ * delegate. This implies that the returned {@code ListeningExecutorService}
+ * never calls the delegate's {@code submit}, {@code invokeAll}, and {@code
+ * invokeAny} methods, so any special handling of tasks must be implemented in
+ * the delegate's {@code execute} method or by wrapping the returned {@code
+ * ListeningExecutorService}.
+ *
+ * <p>If the delegate executor was already an instance of {@code
+ * ListeningExecutorService}, it is returned untouched, and the rest of this
+ * documentation does not apply.
+ *
+ * @since 10.0
+ */
+ public static ListeningExecutorService listeningDecorator(
+ ExecutorService delegate) {
+ return (delegate instanceof ListeningExecutorService)
+ ? (ListeningExecutorService) delegate
+ : (delegate instanceof ScheduledExecutorService)
+ ? new ScheduledListeningDecorator((ScheduledExecutorService) delegate)
+ : new ListeningDecorator(delegate);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a {@link ScheduledExecutorService} whose {@code submit} and {@code
+ * invokeAll} methods submit {@link ListenableFutureTask} instances to the
+ * given delegate executor. Those methods, as well as {@code execute} and
+ * {@code invokeAny}, are implemented in terms of calls to {@code
+ * delegate.execute}. All other methods are forwarded unchanged to the
+ * delegate. This implies that the returned {@code
+ * SchedulingListeningExecutorService} never calls the delegate's {@code
+ * submit}, {@code invokeAll}, and {@code invokeAny} methods, so any special
+ * handling of tasks must be implemented in the delegate's {@code execute}
+ * method or by wrapping the returned {@code
+ * SchedulingListeningExecutorService}.
+ *
+ * <p>If the delegate executor was already an instance of {@code
+ * ListeningScheduledExecutorService}, it is returned untouched, and the rest
+ * of this documentation does not apply.
+ *
+ * @since 10.0
+ */
+ public static ListeningScheduledExecutorService listeningDecorator(
+ ScheduledExecutorService delegate) {
+ return (delegate instanceof ListeningScheduledExecutorService)
+ ? (ListeningScheduledExecutorService) delegate
+ : new ScheduledListeningDecorator(delegate);
+ }
+
+ private static class ListeningDecorator
+ extends AbstractListeningExecutorService {
+ final ExecutorService delegate;
+
+ ListeningDecorator(ExecutorService delegate) {
+ this.delegate = checkNotNull(delegate);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public boolean awaitTermination(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
+ throws InterruptedException {
+ return delegate.awaitTermination(timeout, unit);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public boolean isShutdown() {
+ return delegate.isShutdown();
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public boolean isTerminated() {
+ return delegate.isTerminated();
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public void shutdown() {
+ delegate.shutdown();
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public List<Runnable> shutdownNow() {
+ return delegate.shutdownNow();
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public void execute(Runnable command) {
+ delegate.execute(command);
+ }
+ }
+
+ private static class ScheduledListeningDecorator
+ extends ListeningDecorator implements ListeningScheduledExecutorService {
+ @SuppressWarnings("hiding")
+ final ScheduledExecutorService delegate;
+
+ ScheduledListeningDecorator(ScheduledExecutorService delegate) {
+ super(delegate);
+ this.delegate = checkNotNull(delegate);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public ScheduledFuture<?> schedule(
+ Runnable command, long delay, TimeUnit unit) {
+ return delegate.schedule(command, delay, unit);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public <V> ScheduledFuture<V> schedule(
+ Callable<V> callable, long delay, TimeUnit unit) {
+ return delegate.schedule(callable, delay, unit);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public ScheduledFuture<?> scheduleAtFixedRate(
+ Runnable command, long initialDelay, long period, TimeUnit unit) {
+ return delegate.scheduleAtFixedRate(command, initialDelay, period, unit);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public ScheduledFuture<?> scheduleWithFixedDelay(
+ Runnable command, long initialDelay, long delay, TimeUnit unit) {
+ return delegate.scheduleWithFixedDelay(
+ command, initialDelay, delay, unit);
+ }
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * This following method is a modified version of one found in
+ * http://gee.cs.oswego.edu/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/jsr166/src/test/tck/AbstractExecutorServiceTest.java?revision=1.30
+ * which contained the following notice:
+ *
+ * Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166
+ * Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at
+ * http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
+ * Other contributors include Andrew Wright, Jeffrey Hayes,
+ * Pat Fisher, Mike Judd.
+ */
+
+ /**
+ * An implementation of {@link ExecutorService#invokeAny} for {@link ListeningExecutorService}
+ * implementations.
+ */ static <T> T invokeAnyImpl(ListeningExecutorService executorService,
+ Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks, boolean timed, long nanos)
+ throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
+ int ntasks = tasks.size();
+ checkArgument(ntasks > 0);
+ List<Future<T>> futures = Lists.newArrayListWithCapacity(ntasks);
+ BlockingQueue<Future<T>> futureQueue = Queues.newLinkedBlockingQueue();
+
+ // For efficiency, especially in executors with limited
+ // parallelism, check to see if previously submitted tasks are
+ // done before submitting more of them. This interleaving
+ // plus the exception mechanics account for messiness of main
+ // loop.
+
+ try {
+ // Record exceptions so that if we fail to obtain any
+ // result, we can throw the last exception we got.
+ ExecutionException ee = null;
+ long lastTime = timed ? System.nanoTime() : 0;
+ Iterator<? extends Callable<T>> it = tasks.iterator();
+
+ futures.add(submitAndAddQueueListener(executorService, it.next(), futureQueue));
+ --ntasks;
+ int active = 1;
+
+ for (;;) {
+ Future<T> f = futureQueue.poll();
+ if (f == null) {
+ if (ntasks > 0) {
+ --ntasks;
+ futures.add(submitAndAddQueueListener(executorService, it.next(), futureQueue));
+ ++active;
+ } else if (active == 0) {
+ break;
+ } else if (timed) {
+ f = futureQueue.poll(nanos, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
+ if (f == null) {
+ throw new TimeoutException();
+ }
+ long now = System.nanoTime();
+ nanos -= now - lastTime;
+ lastTime = now;
+ } else {
+ f = futureQueue.take();
+ }
+ }
+ if (f != null) {
+ --active;
+ try {
+ return f.get();
+ } catch (ExecutionException eex) {
+ ee = eex;
+ } catch (RuntimeException rex) {
+ ee = new ExecutionException(rex);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (ee == null) {
+ ee = new ExecutionException(null);
+ }
+ throw ee;
+ } finally {
+ for (Future<T> f : futures) {
+ f.cancel(true);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Submits the task and adds a listener that adds the future to {@code queue} when it completes.
+ */
+ private static <T> ListenableFuture<T> submitAndAddQueueListener(
+ ListeningExecutorService executorService, Callable<T> task,
+ final BlockingQueue<Future<T>> queue) {
+ final ListenableFuture<T> future = executorService.submit(task);
+ future.addListener(new Runnable() {
+ @Override public void run() {
+ queue.add(future);
+ }
+ }, MoreExecutors.sameThreadExecutor());
+ return future;
+ }
+}