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diff --git a/doc/bashref.html b/doc/bashref.html index d36b72b..ee63422 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.html +++ b/doc/bashref.html @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ <HTML> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> -<!-- Created on December, 29 2009 by texi2html 1.64 --> +<!-- Created on December, 28 2010 by texi2html 1.64 --> <!-- Written by: Lionel Cons <Lionel.Cons@cern.ch> (original author) Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> @@ -27,18 +27,18 @@ Send bugs and suggestions to <texi2html@mathematik.uni-kl.de> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H1>Bash Reference Manual</H1></P><P> This text is a brief description of the features that are present in -the Bash shell (version 4.1, 23 December 2009). +the Bash shell (version 4.2, 28 December 2010). </P><P> -This is Edition 4.1, last updated 23 December 2009, +This is Edition 4.2, last updated 28 December 2010, of <CITE>The GNU Bash Reference Manual</CITE>, -for <CODE>Bash</CODE>, Version 4.1. +for <CODE>Bash</CODE>, Version 4.2. </P><P> Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some @@ -60,21 +60,21 @@ reference on shell behavior. <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Some definitions used in the rest of this manual.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5">3. Basic Shell Features</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The shell "building blocks".</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands that are a part of the shell.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5. Shell Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Variables used or set by Bash.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6. Bash Features</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Features found only in Bash.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What job control is and how Bash allows you +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands that are a part of the shell.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5. Shell Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Variables used or set by Bash.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6. Bash Features</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Features found only in Bash.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7. Job Control</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What job control is and how Bash allows you to use it.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Chapter describing the command line +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8. Command Line Editing</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Chapter describing the command line editing features.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9. Using History Interactively</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Command History Expansion</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">10. Installing Bash</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to build and install Bash on your system.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">A. Reporting Bugs</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to report bugs in Bash.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A terse list of the differences +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9. Using History Interactively</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Command History Expansion</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10. Installing Bash</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to build and install Bash on your system.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">A. Reporting Bugs</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to report bugs in Bash.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A terse list of the differences between Bash and historical versions of /bin/sh.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Copying and sharing this documentation.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">D. Indexes</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Various indexes for this manual.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Copying and sharing this documentation.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">D. Indexes</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Various indexes for this manual.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ reference on shell behavior. <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <A NAME="Introduction"></A> @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ reference on shell behavior. <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 1.1 What is Bash? </H2> @@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ and Windows platforms. <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 1.2 What is a shell? </H2> @@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ described in this manual. <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H1> 2. Definitions </H1> @@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ Also referred to as an <CODE>identifier</CODE>. <DT><CODE>operator</CODE> <DD><A NAME="IDX12"></A> A <CODE>control operator</CODE> or a <CODE>redirection operator</CODE>. -See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>, for a list of redirection operators. +See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>, for a list of redirection operators. Operators contain at least one unquoted <CODE>metacharacter</CODE>. <P> @@ -376,12 +376,12 @@ Words may not include unquoted <CODE>metacharacters</CODE>. <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4"> < </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC6"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H1> 3. Basic Shell Features </H1> @@ -406,13 +406,13 @@ and to named files, and how the shell executes commands. <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC6">3.1 Shell Syntax</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What your input means to the shell.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15">3.2 Shell Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The types of commands you can use.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Grouping commands by name.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How the shell stores values.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash expands parameters and the various +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Grouping commands by name.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How the shell stores values.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5 Shell Expansions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash expands parameters and the various expansions available.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A way to control where input and output go.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50">3.7 Executing Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What happens when you run a command.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Executing files of shell commands.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A way to control where input and output go.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7 Executing Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What happens when you run a command.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">3.8 Shell Scripts</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Executing files of shell commands.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> @@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ and to named files, and how the shell executes commands. <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 3.1 Shell Syntax </H2> @@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ available for further inspection or processing. <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.1.1 Shell Operation </H3> @@ -481,16 +481,16 @@ following: <OL> <LI> -Reads its input from a file (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>), from a string +Reads its input from a file (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>), from a string supplied as an argument to the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> invocation option -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>), or from the user's terminal. +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>), or from the user's terminal. <P> <LI> Breaks the input into words and operators, obeying the quoting rules described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC8">3.1.2 Quoting</A>. These tokens are separated by <CODE>metacharacters</CODE>. Alias expansion is performed by this step -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>). <P> <LI> @@ -499,23 +499,23 @@ Parses the tokens into simple and compound commands <P> <LI> -Performs the various shell expansions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>), breaking -the expanded tokens into lists of filenames (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>) +Performs the various shell expansions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>), breaking +the expanded tokens into lists of filenames (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>) and commands and arguments. <P> <LI> -Performs any necessary redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>) and removes +Performs any necessary redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>) and removes the redirection operators and their operands from the argument list. <P> <LI> -Executes the command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50">3.7 Executing Commands</A>). +Executes the command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7 Executing Commands</A>). <P> <LI> Optionally waits for the command to complete and collects its exit -status (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.5 Exit Status</A>). +status (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.5 Exit Status</A>). <P> </OL> @@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ status (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.5 Exit Status</A>). <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.1.2 Quoting </H3> @@ -560,9 +560,9 @@ Each of the shell metacharacters (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Def has special meaning to the shell and must be quoted if it is to represent itself. When the command history expansion facilities are being used -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>), the +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>), the <VAR>history expansion</VAR> character, usually <SAMP>`!'</SAMP>, must be quoted -to prevent history expansion. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>, for +to prevent history expansion. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>, for more details concerning history expansion. </P><P> @@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ There are three quoting mechanisms: the <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H4> 3.1.2.1 Escape Character </H4> @@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ the input stream and effectively ignored). <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H4> 3.1.2.2 Single Quotes </H4> @@ -628,7 +628,7 @@ between single quotes, even when preceded by a backslash. <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H4> 3.1.2.3 Double Quotes </H4> @@ -640,7 +640,7 @@ of all characters within the quotes, with the exception of <SAMP>`$'</SAMP>, <SAMP>``'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`\'</SAMP>, and, when history expansion is enabled, <SAMP>`!'</SAMP>. The characters <SAMP>`$'</SAMP> and <SAMP>``'</SAMP> -retain their special meaning within double quotes (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>). +retain their special meaning within double quotes (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>). The backslash retains its special meaning only when followed by one of the following characters: <SAMP>`$'</SAMP>, <SAMP>``'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`"'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`\'</SAMP>, or <CODE>newline</CODE>. @@ -655,7 +655,7 @@ The backslash preceding the <SAMP>`!'</SAMP> is not removed. </P><P> The special parameters <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> have special meaning -when in double quotes (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>). +when in double quotes (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>). </P><P> <A NAME="ANSI-C Quoting"></A> @@ -669,7 +669,7 @@ when in double quotes (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Para <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H4> 3.1.2.4 ANSI-C Quoting </H4> @@ -712,6 +712,12 @@ present, are decoded as follows: <DT><CODE>\x<VAR>HH</VAR></CODE> <DD>the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value <VAR>HH</VAR> (one or two hex digits) +<DT><CODE>\u<VAR>HHHH</VAR></CODE> +<DD>the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value +<VAR>HHHH</VAR> (one to four hex digits) +<DT><CODE>\U<VAR>HHHHHHHH</VAR></CODE> +<DD>the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value +<VAR>HHHHHHHH</VAR> (one to eight hex digits) <DT><CODE>\c<VAR>x</VAR></CODE> <DD>a control-<VAR>x</VAR> character </DL> @@ -732,7 +738,7 @@ been present. <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H4> 3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation </H4> @@ -771,7 +777,7 @@ fashion: <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.1.3 Comments </H3> @@ -780,13 +786,13 @@ fashion: In a non-interactive shell, or an interactive shell in which the <CODE>interactive_comments</CODE> option to the <CODE>shopt</CODE> -builtin is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), +builtin is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), a word beginning with <SAMP>`#'</SAMP> causes that word and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored. An interactive shell without the <CODE>interactive_comments</CODE> option enabled does not allow comments. The <CODE>interactive_comments</CODE> option is on by default in interactive shells. -See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>, for a description of what makes +See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>, for a description of what makes a shell interactive. </P><P> @@ -796,12 +802,12 @@ a shell interactive. <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> < </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC16"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 3.2 Shell Commands </H2> @@ -825,6 +831,7 @@ some other grouping. <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC18">3.2.3 Lists of Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to execute commands sequentially.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC19">3.2.4 Compound Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Shell commands for control flow.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">3.2.5 Coprocesses</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Two-way communication between commands.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.2.6 GNU Parallel</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Running commands in parallel.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> @@ -834,12 +841,12 @@ some other grouping. <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> < </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.2.1 Simple Commands </H3> @@ -853,7 +860,7 @@ first word generally specifies a command to be executed, with the rest of the words being that command's arguments. </P><P> -The return status (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.5 Exit Status</A>) of a simple command is +The return status (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.5 Exit Status</A>) of a simple command is its exit status as provided by the POSIX 1003.1 <CODE>waitpid</CODE> function, or 128+<VAR>n</VAR> if the command was terminated by signal <VAR>n</VAR>. @@ -867,10 +874,10 @@ the command was terminated by signal <VAR>n</VAR>. <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC18"> > </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC18"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.2.2 Pipelines </H3> @@ -907,23 +914,33 @@ The statistics currently consist of elapsed (wall-clock) time and user and system time consumed by the command's execution. The <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option changes the output format to that specified by POSIX. +When the shell is in POSIX mode (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>), +it does not recognize <CODE>time</CODE> as a reserved word if the next +token begins with a <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>. The <CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE> variable may be set to a format string that specifies how the timing information should be displayed. -See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for a description of the available formats. +See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for a description of the available formats. The use of <CODE>time</CODE> as a reserved word permits the timing of shell builtins, shell functions, and pipelines. An external <CODE>time</CODE> command cannot time these easily. </P><P> +When the shell is in POSIX mode (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>), <CODE>time</CODE> +may be followed by a newline. In this case, the shell displays the +total user and system time consumed by the shell and its children. +The <CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE> variable may be used to specify the format of +the time information. +</P><P> + If the pipeline is not executed asynchronously (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC18">3.2.3 Lists of Commands</A>), the shell waits for all commands in the pipeline to complete. </P><P> Each command in a pipeline is executed in its own subshell -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A>). The exit +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A>). The exit status of a pipeline is the exit status of the last command in the pipeline, unless the <CODE>pipefail</CODE> option is enabled -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). If <CODE>pipefail</CODE> is enabled, the pipeline's return status is the value of the last (rightmost) command to exit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands exit successfully. @@ -942,10 +959,10 @@ returning a value. <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC19"> > </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC19"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.2.3 Lists of Commands </H3> @@ -972,7 +989,7 @@ the shell executes the command asynchronously in a subshell. This is known as executing the command in the <VAR>background</VAR>. The shell does not wait for the command to finish, and the return status is 0 (true). -When job control is not active (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>), +When job control is not active (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7. Job Control</A>), the standard input for asynchronous commands, in the absence of any explicit redirections, is redirected from <CODE>/dev/null</CODE>. </P><P> @@ -1020,7 +1037,7 @@ executed in the list. <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.2.4 Compound Commands </H3> @@ -1037,7 +1054,7 @@ executed in the list. Compound commands are the shell programming constructs. Each construct begins with a reserved word or control operator and is terminated by a corresponding reserved word or operator. -Any redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>) associated with a compound command +Any redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>) associated with a compound command apply to all commands within that compound command unless explicitly overridden. </P><P> @@ -1056,7 +1073,7 @@ to group commands and execute them as a unit. <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H4> 3.2.4.1 Looping Constructs </H4> @@ -1106,7 +1123,7 @@ in the resultant list, with <VAR>name</VAR> bound to the current member. If <SAMP>`in <VAR>words</VAR>'</SAMP> is not present, the <CODE>for</CODE> command executes the <VAR>commands</VAR> once for each positional parameter that is set, as if <SAMP>`in "$@"'</SAMP> had been specified -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A>). The return status is the exit status of the last command that executes. If there are no items in the expansion of <VAR>words</VAR>, no commands are executed, and the return status is zero. @@ -1117,20 +1134,20 @@ An alternate form of the <CODE>for</CODE> command is also supported: <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>for (( <VAR>expr1</VAR> ; <VAR>expr2</VAR> ; <VAR>expr3</VAR> )) ; do <VAR>commands</VAR> ; done </pre></td></tr></table>First, the arithmetic expression <VAR>expr1</VAR> is evaluated according -to the rules described below (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>). +to the rules described below (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>). The arithmetic expression <VAR>expr2</VAR> is then evaluated repeatedly until it evaluates to zero. Each time <VAR>expr2</VAR> evaluates to a non-zero value, <VAR>commands</VAR> are executed and the arithmetic expression <VAR>expr3</VAR> is evaluated. If any expression is omitted, it behaves as if it evaluates to 1. -The return value is the exit status of the last command in <VAR>list</VAR> +The return value is the exit status of the last command in <VAR>commands</VAR> that is executed, or false if any of the expressions is invalid. </P><P> </DL> <P> -The <CODE>break</CODE> and <CODE>continue</CODE> builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) +The <CODE>break</CODE> and <CODE>continue</CODE> builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) may be used to control loop execution. </P><P> @@ -1145,7 +1162,7 @@ may be used to control loop execution. <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H4> 3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs </H4> @@ -1196,7 +1213,7 @@ The syntax of the <CODE>case</CODE> command is: <CODE>case</CODE> will selectively execute the <VAR>command-list</VAR> corresponding to the first <VAR>pattern</VAR> that matches <VAR>word</VAR>. If the shell option <CODE>nocasematch</CODE> -(see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>) +(see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>) is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. The <SAMP>`|'</SAMP> is used to separate multiple patterns, and the <SAMP>`)'</SAMP> @@ -1296,11 +1313,11 @@ done </pre></td></tr></table><P> The arithmetic <VAR>expression</VAR> is evaluated according to the rules -described below (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>). +described below (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>). If the value of the expression is non-zero, the return status is 0; otherwise the return status is 1. This is exactly equivalent to <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>let "<VAR>expression</VAR>" -</pre></td></tr></table>See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for a full description of the <CODE>let</CODE> builtin. +</pre></td></tr></table>See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for a full description of the <CODE>let</CODE> builtin. </P><P> <DT><CODE>[[<small>...</small>]]</CODE> @@ -1312,7 +1329,7 @@ otherwise the return status is 1. This is exactly equivalent to Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the conditional expression <VAR>expression</VAR>. Expressions are composed of the primaries described below in -<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>. +<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>. Word splitting and filename expansion are not performed on the words between the <SAMP>`[['</SAMP> and <SAMP>`]]'</SAMP>; tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, command substitution, process @@ -1321,15 +1338,15 @@ Conditional operators such as <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> must be unquoted to be recognize as primaries. </P><P> -When used with <SAMP>`[['</SAMP>, The <SAMP>`<'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`>'</SAMP> operators sort +When used with <SAMP>`[['</SAMP>, the <SAMP>`<'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`>'</SAMP> operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. </P><P> When the <SAMP>`=='</SAMP> and <SAMP>`!='</SAMP> operators are used, the string to the right of the operator is considered a pattern and matched according -to the rules described below in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>. +to the rules described below in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>. If the shell option <CODE>nocasematch</CODE> -(see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>) +(see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>) is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. The return value is 0 if the string matches (<SAMP>`=='</SAMP>) or does not @@ -1347,7 +1364,7 @@ the pattern, and 1 otherwise. If the regular expression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional expression's return value is 2. If the shell option <CODE>nocasematch</CODE> -(see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>) +(see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>) is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force it to be matched as a @@ -1400,7 +1417,7 @@ value of the entire conditional expression. <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H4> 3.2.4.3 Grouping Commands </H4> @@ -1419,7 +1436,7 @@ commands in the list may be redirected to a single stream. </pre></td></tr></table><P> Placing a list of commands between parentheses causes a subshell -environment to be created (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A>), and each +environment to be created (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A>), and each of the commands in <VAR>list</VAR> to be executed in that subshell. Since the <VAR>list</VAR> is executed in a subshell, variable assignments do not remain in effect after the subshell completes. @@ -1458,10 +1475,10 @@ The exit status of both of these constructs is the exit status of <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> > </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.2.5 Coprocesses </H3> @@ -1487,7 +1504,7 @@ the first word of the simple command. </P><P> When the coproc is executed, the shell creates an array variable -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>) +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>) named <VAR>NAME</VAR> in the context of the executing shell. The standard output of <VAR>command</VAR> is connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell, @@ -1496,12 +1513,12 @@ The standard input of <VAR>command</VAR> is connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell, and that file descriptor is assigned to <VAR>NAME</VAR>[1]. This pipe is established before any redirections specified by the -command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>). +command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>). The file descriptors can be utilized as arguments to shell commands and redirections using standard word expansions. </P><P> -The process id of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is +The process ID of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is available as the value of the variable <VAR>NAME</VAR>_PID. The <CODE>wait</CODE> builtin command may be used to wait for the coprocess to terminate. @@ -1510,22 +1527,99 @@ builtin command may be used to wait for the coprocess to terminate. The return status of a coprocess is the exit status of <VAR>command</VAR>. </P><P> -<A NAME="Shell Functions"></A> +<A NAME="GNU Parallel"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> <A NAME="SEC24"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> < </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> > </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> +</TR></TABLE> +<H3> 3.2.6 GNU Parallel </H3> +<!--docid::SEC24::--> +<P> + +GNU Parallel, as its name suggests, can be used to build and run commands +in parallel. You may run the same command with different arguments, whether +they are filenames, usernames, hostnames, or lines read from files. +</P><P> + +For a complete description, refer to the GNU Parallel documentation. A few +examples should provide a brief introduction to its use. +</P><P> + +For example, it is easy to prefix each line in a text file with a specified +string: +<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>cat file | parallel -k echo prefix_string +</pre></td></tr></table>The <SAMP>`-k'</SAMP> option is required to preserve the lines' order. +</P><P> + +Similarly, you can append a specified string to each line in a text file: +<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>cat file | parallel -k echo {} append_string +</pre></td></tr></table></P><P> + +You can use Parallel to move files from the current directory when the +number of files is too large to process with one <CODE>mv</CODE> invocation: +<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>ls | parallel mv {} destdir +</pre></td></tr></table></P><P> + +As you can see, the {} is replaced with each line read from standard input. +This will run as many <CODE>mv</CODE> commands as there are files in the current +directory. You can emulate a parallel <CODE>xargs</CODE> by adding the <SAMP>`-X'</SAMP> +option: +<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>ls | parallel -X mv {} destdir +</pre></td></tr></table></P><P> + +GNU Parallel can replace certain common idioms that operate on lines read +from a file (in this case, filenames): +<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre> for x in $(cat list); do + do-something1 $x config-$x + do-something2 < $x + done | process-output +</pre></td></tr></table></P><P> + +with a more compact syntax reminiscent of lambdas: +<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>cat list | parallel "do-something1 {} config-{} ; do-something2 < {}" | process-output +</pre></td></tr></table></P><P> + +Parallel provides a built-in mechanism to remove filename extensions, which +lends itself to batch file transformations or renaming: +<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>ls *.gz | parallel -j+0 "zcat {} | bzip2 >{.}.bz2 && rm {}" +</pre></td></tr></table>This will recompress all files in the current directory with names ending +in .gz using bzip2, running one job per CPU (-j+0) in parallel. +</P><P> + +If a command generates output, you may want to preserve the input order in +the output. For instance, the following command +<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>{ echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; } | parallel traceroute +</pre></td></tr></table>will display as output the traceroute invocation that finishes first. Using +the <SAMP>`-k'</SAMP> option, as we saw above +<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>{ echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; } | parallel -k traceroute +</pre></td></tr></table>will ensure that the output of <CODE>traceroute foss.org.my</CODE> is displayed first. +</P><P> + +<A NAME="Shell Functions"></A> +<HR SIZE="6"> +<A NAME="SEC25"></A> +<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 3.3 Shell Functions </H2> -<!--docid::SEC24::--> +<!--docid::SEC25::--> <P> Shell functions are a way to group commands for later execution @@ -1539,7 +1633,8 @@ shell context; no new process is created to interpret them. Functions are declared using this syntax: <A NAME="IDX45"></A> -<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[ <CODE>function</CODE> ] <VAR>name</VAR> () <VAR>compound-command</VAR> [ <VAR>redirections</VAR> ] +<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><VAR>name</VAR> () <VAR>compound-command</VAR> [ <VAR>redirections</VAR> ]<BR>or<BR> +<CODE>function</CODE> <VAR>name</VAR> [()] <VAR>compound-command</VAR> [ <VAR>redirections</VAR> ] </pre></td></tr></table></P><P> This defines a shell function named <VAR>name</VAR>. The reserved @@ -1552,12 +1647,12 @@ That command is usually a <VAR>list</VAR> enclosed between { and }, but may be any compound command listed above. <VAR>compound-command</VAR> is executed whenever <VAR>name</VAR> is specified as the name of a command. -Any redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>) associated with the shell function +Any redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>) associated with the shell function are performed when the function is executed. </P><P> A function definition may be deleted using the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option to the -<CODE>unset</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). +<CODE>unset</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). </P><P> The exit status of a function definition is zero unless a syntax error @@ -1578,7 +1673,7 @@ a <SAMP>`&'</SAMP>, or a newline. When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the positional parameters -during its execution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A>). +during its execution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A>). The special parameter <SAMP>`#'</SAMP> that expands to the number of positional parameters is updated to reflect the change. Special parameter <CODE>0</CODE> is unchanged. @@ -1597,10 +1692,16 @@ the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin, (in which case all functions inherit the <CODE>DEBUG</CODE> and <CODE>RETURN</CODE> traps), and the <CODE>ERR</CODE> trap is not inherited unless the <CODE>-o errtrace</CODE> shell option has been enabled. -See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>, for the description of the +See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>, for the description of the <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin. </P><P> +The <CODE>FUNCNEST</CODE> variable, if set to a numeric value greater +than 0, defines a maximum function nesting level. Function +invocations that exceed the limit cause the entire command to +abort. +</P><P> + If the builtin command <CODE>return</CODE> is executed in a function, the function completes and execution resumes with the next command after the function @@ -1623,7 +1724,7 @@ the function and the commands it invokes. Function names and definitions may be listed with the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>declare</CODE> or <CODE>typeset</CODE> -builtin commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). +builtin commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). The <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> option to <CODE>declare</CODE> or <CODE>typeset</CODE> will list the function names only (and optionally the source file and line number, if the <CODE>extdebug</CODE> @@ -1631,38 +1732,40 @@ shell option is enabled). Functions may be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>export</CODE> builtin -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). Note that shell functions and variables with the same name may result in multiple identically-named entries in the environment passed to the shell's children. Care should be taken in cases where this may cause a problem. </P><P> -Functions may be recursive. No limit is placed on the number of -recursive calls. +Functions may be recursive. +The <CODE>FUNCNEST</CODE> variable may be used to limit the depth of the +function call stack and restrict the number of function invocations. +By default, no limit is placed on the number of recursive calls. </P><P> <A NAME="Shell Parameters"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC25"></A> +<A NAME="SEC26"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> << </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 3.4 Shell Parameters </H2> -<!--docid::SEC25::--> +<!--docid::SEC26::--> <P> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The shell's command-line arguments.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Parameters denoted by special characters.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The shell's command-line arguments.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Parameters denoted by special characters.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> @@ -1672,7 +1775,7 @@ listed below. A <VAR>variable</VAR> is a parameter denoted by a <CODE>name</CODE>. A variable has a <VAR>value</VAR> and zero or more <VAR>attributes</VAR>. Attributes are assigned using the <CODE>declare</CODE> builtin command -(see the description of the <CODE>declare</CODE> builtin in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). +(see the description of the <CODE>declare</CODE> builtin in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). </P><P> A parameter is set if it has been assigned a value. The null string is @@ -1689,7 +1792,7 @@ command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal (detailed below). If the variable has its <CODE>integer</CODE> attribute set, then <VAR>value</VAR> is evaluated as an arithmetic expression even if the <CODE>$((<small>...</small>))</CODE> -expansion is not used (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A>). +expansion is not used (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A>). Word splitting is not performed, with the exception of <CODE>"$@"</CODE> as explained below. Filename expansion is not performed. @@ -1700,14 +1803,14 @@ and <CODE>local</CODE> builtin commands. </P><P> In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value -to a shell variable or array index (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>), the <SAMP>`+='</SAMP> +to a shell variable or array index (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>), the <SAMP>`+='</SAMP> operator can be used to append to or add to the variable's previous value. -When <SAMP>`+='</SAMP> is applied to a variable for which the integer attribute +When <SAMP>`+='</SAMP> is applied to a variable for which the <VAR>integer</VAR> attribute has been set, <VAR>value</VAR> is evaluated as an arithmetic expression and added to the variable's current value, which is also evaluated. When <SAMP>`+='</SAMP> is applied to an array variable using compound assignment -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>), the +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>), the variable's value is not unset (as it is when using <SAMP>`='</SAMP>), and new values are appended to the array beginning at one greater than the array's maximum index (for indexed arrays), or added as additional key-value pairs @@ -1718,20 +1821,20 @@ appended to the variable's value. <A NAME="Positional Parameters"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC26"></A> +<A NAME="SEC27"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.4.1 Positional Parameters </H3> -<!--docid::SEC26::--> +<!--docid::SEC27::--> <P> A <VAR>positional parameter</VAR> is a parameter denoted by one or more @@ -1742,10 +1845,10 @@ Positional parameter <CODE>N</CODE> may be referenced as <CODE>${N}</CODE>, or as <CODE>$N</CODE> when <CODE>N</CODE> consists of a single digit. Positional parameters may not be assigned to with assignment statements. The <CODE>set</CODE> and <CODE>shift</CODE> builtins are used to set and -unset them (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A>). +unset them (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A>). The positional parameters are temporarily replaced when a shell function is executed -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.3 Shell Functions</A>). </P><P> When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single @@ -1754,20 +1857,20 @@ digit is expanded, it must be enclosed in braces. <A NAME="Special Parameters"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC27"></A> +<A NAME="SEC28"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.4.2 Special Parameters </H3> -<!--docid::SEC27::--> +<!--docid::SEC28::--> <P> The shell treats several parameters specially. These parameters may @@ -1849,8 +1952,8 @@ Expands to the process ID of the most recently executed background <DD><A NAME="IDX61"></A> Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set at shell initialization. If Bash is invoked with a file of commands -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>), <CODE>$0</CODE> is set to the name of that file. -If Bash is started with the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> option (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>), +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>), <CODE>$0</CODE> is set to the name of that file. +If Bash is started with the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> option (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>), then <CODE>$0</CODE> is set to the first argument after the string to be executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is set to the filename used to invoke Bash, as given by argument zero. @@ -1873,20 +1976,20 @@ When checking mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file. <A NAME="Shell Expansions"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC28"></A> +<A NAME="SEC29"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> << </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 3.5 Shell Expansions </H2> -<!--docid::SEC28::--> +<!--docid::SEC29::--> <P> Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into @@ -1903,17 +2006,17 @@ Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into <P> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Expansion of expressions within braces.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Expansion of the ~ character.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash expands variables to their values.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Using the output of a command as an argument.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to use arithmetic in shell expansions.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A way to write and read to and from a +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Expansion of expressions within braces.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Expansion of the ~ character.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash expands variables to their values.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Using the output of a command as an argument.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to use arithmetic in shell expansions.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A way to write and read to and from a command.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How the results of expansion are split into separate +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How the results of expansion are split into separate arguments.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A shorthand for specifying filenames matching patterns.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.9 Quote Removal</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How and when quote characters are removed from +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A shorthand for specifying filenames matching patterns.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.5.9 Quote Removal</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How and when quote characters are removed from words.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> @@ -1935,35 +2038,35 @@ Only brace expansion, word splitting, and filename expansion can change the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a single word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the expansions of -<CODE>"$@"</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A>) and <CODE>"${<VAR>name</VAR>[@]}"</CODE> -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>). +<CODE>"$@"</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A>) and <CODE>"${<VAR>name</VAR>[@]}"</CODE> +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>). </P><P> -After all expansions, <CODE>quote removal</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.9 Quote Removal</A>) +After all expansions, <CODE>quote removal</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.5.9 Quote Removal</A>) is performed. </P><P> <A NAME="Brace Expansion"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC29"></A> +<A NAME="SEC30"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.5.1 Brace Expansion </H3> -<!--docid::SEC29::--> +<!--docid::SEC30::--> <P> Brace expansion is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated. This mechanism is similar to -<VAR>filename expansion</VAR> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>), +<VAR>filename expansion</VAR> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>), but the file names generated need not exist. Patterns to be brace expanded take the form of an optional <VAR>preamble</VAR>, followed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a seqeunce expression @@ -2029,20 +2132,20 @@ above example: <A NAME="Tilde Expansion"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC30"></A> +<A NAME="SEC31"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.5.2 Tilde Expansion </H3> -<!--docid::SEC30::--> +<!--docid::SEC31::--> <P> If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (<SAMP>`~'</SAMP>), all of the @@ -2070,7 +2173,7 @@ number <VAR>N</VAR>, optionally prefixed by a <SAMP>`+'</SAMP> or a <SAMP>`-'</S the tilde-prefix is replaced with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it would be displayed by the <CODE>dirs</CODE> builtin invoked with the characters following tilde -in the tilde-prefix as an argument (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>). +in the tilde-prefix as an argument (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>). If the tilde-prefix, sans the tilde, consists of a number without a leading <SAMP>`+'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`+'</SAMP> is assumed. </P><P> @@ -2127,20 +2230,20 @@ The following table shows how Bash treats unquoted tilde-prefixes: <A NAME="Shell Parameter Expansion"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC31"></A> +<A NAME="SEC32"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion </H3> -<!--docid::SEC31::--> +<!--docid::SEC32::--> <P> The <SAMP>`$'</SAMP> character introduces parameter expansion, @@ -2173,7 +2276,7 @@ Bash uses the value of the variable formed from the rest of expanded and that value is used in the rest of the substitution, rather than the value of <VAR>parameter</VAR> itself. This is known as <CODE>indirect expansion</CODE>. -The exceptions to this are the expansions of ${!<VAR>prefix*</VAR>} +The exceptions to this are the expansions of ${!<VAR>prefix</VAR><BR>} and ${!<VAR>name</VAR>[@]} described below. The exclamation point must immediately follow the left brace in order to @@ -2231,13 +2334,17 @@ starting at the character specified by <VAR>offset</VAR>. If <VAR>length</VAR> is omitted, expands to the substring of <VAR>parameter</VAR> starting at the character specified by <VAR>offset</VAR>. <VAR>length</VAR> and <VAR>offset</VAR> are arithmetic expressions -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>). This is referred to as Substring Expansion. <P> -<VAR>length</VAR> must evaluate to a number greater than or equal to zero. If <VAR>offset</VAR> evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is used as an offset from the end of the value of <VAR>parameter</VAR>. +If <VAR>length</VAR> evaluates to a number less than zero, and <VAR>parameter</VAR> +is not <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> and not an indexed or associative array, it is interpreted +as an offset from the end of the value of <VAR>parameter</VAR> rather than +a number of characters, and the expansion is the characters between the +two offsets. If <VAR>parameter</VAR> is <SAMP>`@'</SAMP>, the result is <VAR>length</VAR> positional parameters beginning at <VAR>offset</VAR>. If <VAR>parameter</VAR> is an indexed array name subscripted @@ -2288,7 +2395,7 @@ the value substituted is the number of elements in the array. <DD><DT><CODE>${<VAR>parameter</VAR>##<VAR>word</VAR>}</CODE> <DD>The <VAR>word</VAR> is expanded to produce a pattern just as in filename -expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>). If the pattern matches +expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>). If the pattern matches the beginning of the expanded value of <VAR>parameter</VAR>, then the result of the expansion is the expanded value of <VAR>parameter</VAR> with the shortest matching pattern (the <SAMP>`#'</SAMP> case) or the @@ -2372,20 +2479,20 @@ array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. <A NAME="Command Substitution"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC32"></A> +<A NAME="SEC33"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.5.4 Command Substitution </H3> -<!--docid::SEC32::--> +<!--docid::SEC33::--> <P> Command substitution allows the output of a command to replace @@ -2424,20 +2531,20 @@ filename expansion are not performed on the results. <A NAME="Arithmetic Expansion"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC33"></A> +<A NAME="SEC34"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion </H3> -<!--docid::SEC33::--> +<!--docid::SEC34::--> <P> Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression @@ -2455,27 +2562,27 @@ Arithmetic expansions may be nested. </P><P> The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>). If the expression is invalid, Bash prints a message indicating failure to the standard error and no substitution occurs. </P><P> <A NAME="Process Substitution"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC34"></A> +<A NAME="SEC35"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.5.6 Process Substitution </H3> -<!--docid::SEC34::--> +<!--docid::SEC35::--> <P> Process substitution is supported on systems that support named @@ -2503,20 +2610,20 @@ expansion. <A NAME="Word Splitting"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC35"></A> +<A NAME="SEC36"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.5.7 Word Splitting </H3> -<!--docid::SEC35::--> +<!--docid::SEC36::--> <P> The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitution, @@ -2557,22 +2664,22 @@ is performed. <A NAME="Filename Expansion"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC36"></A> +<A NAME="SEC37"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.5.8 Filename Expansion </H3> -<!--docid::SEC36::--> +<!--docid::SEC37::--> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How the shell matches patterns.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How the shell matches patterns.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <A NAME="IDX64"></A> <A NAME="IDX65"></A> @@ -2581,7 +2688,7 @@ is performed. <P> After word splitting, unless the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option has been set -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), Bash scans each word for the characters +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), Bash scans each word for the characters <SAMP>`*'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`?'</SAMP>, and <SAMP>`['</SAMP>. If one of these characters appears, then the word is regarded as a <VAR>pattern</VAR>, @@ -2605,7 +2712,7 @@ matched explicitly. In other cases, the <SAMP>`.'</SAMP> character is not treated specially. </P><P> -See the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>, +See the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>, for a description of the <CODE>nocaseglob</CODE>, <CODE>nullglob</CODE>, <CODE>failglob</CODE>, and <CODE>dotglob</CODE> options. </P><P> @@ -2630,20 +2737,20 @@ is unset. <A NAME="Pattern Matching"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC37"></A> +<A NAME="SEC38"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H4> 3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching </H4> -<!--docid::SEC37::--> +<!--docid::SEC38::--> <P> Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern @@ -2746,20 +2853,20 @@ sub-patterns: <A NAME="Quote Removal"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC38"></A> +<A NAME="SEC39"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.5.9 Quote Removal </H3> -<!--docid::SEC38::--> +<!--docid::SEC39::--> <P> After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the @@ -2769,20 +2876,20 @@ result from one of the above expansions are removed. <A NAME="Redirections"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC39"></A> +<A NAME="SEC40"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> << </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC41"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 3.6 Redirections </H2> -<!--docid::SEC39::--> +<!--docid::SEC40::--> <P> Before a command is executed, its input and output @@ -2876,20 +2983,20 @@ internally. </P><P> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC40"></A> +<A NAME="SEC41"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC41"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC42"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.6.1 Redirecting Input </H3> -<!--docid::SEC40::--> +<!--docid::SEC41::--> Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from the expansion of <VAR>word</VAR> to be opened for reading on file descriptor <CODE>n</CODE>, @@ -2902,20 +3009,20 @@ The general format for redirecting input is: </pre></td></tr></table></P><P> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC41"></A> +<A NAME="SEC42"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC42"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC42"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC41"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC43"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC43"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.6.2 Redirecting Output </H3> -<!--docid::SEC41::--> +<!--docid::SEC42::--> Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the expansion of <VAR>word</VAR> to be opened for writing on file descriptor <VAR>n</VAR>, @@ -2938,20 +3045,20 @@ is attempted even if the file named by <VAR>word</VAR> exists. </P><P> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC42"></A> +<A NAME="SEC43"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC41"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC43"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC43"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC42"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC44"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC44"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.6.3 Appending Redirected Output </H3> -<!--docid::SEC42::--> +<!--docid::SEC43::--> Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name results from the expansion of <VAR>word</VAR> @@ -2965,20 +3072,20 @@ The general format for appending output is: </pre></td></tr></table></P><P> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC43"></A> +<A NAME="SEC44"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC42"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC44"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC44"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC43"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC45"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC45"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.6.4 Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error </H3> -<!--docid::SEC43::--> +<!--docid::SEC44::--> This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and the standard error output (file descriptor 2) @@ -2997,20 +3104,20 @@ This is semantically equivalent to </pre></td></tr></table></P><P> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC44"></A> +<A NAME="SEC45"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC43"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC45"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC45"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC44"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC46"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC46"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.6.5 Appending Standard Output and Standard Error </H3> -<!--docid::SEC44::--> +<!--docid::SEC45::--> This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and the standard error output (file descriptor 2) @@ -3025,20 +3132,20 @@ The format for appending standard output and standard error is: </pre></td></tr></table></P><P> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC45"></A> +<A NAME="SEC46"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC44"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC46"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC46"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC45"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC47"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC47"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.6.6 Here Documents </H3> -<!--docid::SEC45::--> +<!--docid::SEC46::--> This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until a line containing only <VAR>word</VAR> (with no trailing blanks) is seen. All of @@ -3073,20 +3180,20 @@ natural fashion. </P><P> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC46"></A> +<A NAME="SEC47"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC45"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC47"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC47"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC46"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.6.7 Here Strings </H3> -<!--docid::SEC46::--> +<!--docid::SEC47::--> A variant of here documents, the format is: <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><<< <VAR>word</VAR> </pre></td></tr></table><P> @@ -3096,20 +3203,20 @@ input. </P><P> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC47"></A> +<A NAME="SEC48"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC46"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC47"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.6.8 Duplicating File Descriptors </H3> -<!--docid::SEC47::--> +<!--docid::SEC48::--> The redirection operator <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[<VAR>n</VAR>]<&<VAR>word</VAR> </pre></td></tr></table>is used to duplicate input file descriptors. @@ -3135,20 +3242,20 @@ error are redirected as described previously. </P><P> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC48"></A> +<A NAME="SEC49"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC47"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.6.9 Moving File Descriptors </H3> -<!--docid::SEC48::--> +<!--docid::SEC49::--> The redirection operator <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[<VAR>n</VAR>]<&<VAR>digit</VAR>- </pre></td></tr></table>moves the file descriptor <VAR>digit</VAR> to file descriptor <VAR>n</VAR>, @@ -3163,20 +3270,20 @@ or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if <VAR>n</VAR> is not specified. </P><P> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC49"></A> +<A NAME="SEC50"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC41"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC42"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.6.10 Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing </H3> -<!--docid::SEC49::--> +<!--docid::SEC50::--> The redirection operator <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[<VAR>n</VAR>]<><VAR>word</VAR> </pre></td></tr></table>causes the file whose name is the expansion of <VAR>word</VAR> @@ -3187,53 +3294,53 @@ is not specified. If the file does not exist, it is created. <A NAME="Executing Commands"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC50"></A> +<A NAME="SEC51"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> << </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 3.7 Executing Commands </H2> -<!--docid::SEC50::--> +<!--docid::SEC51::--> <P> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash expands simple commands before +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash expands simple commands before executing them.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash finds commands and runs them.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The environment in which Bash +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash finds commands and runs them.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The environment in which Bash executes commands that are not shell builtins.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.4 Environment</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The environment given to a command.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.5 Exit Status</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The status returned by commands and how Bash +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.4 Environment</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The environment given to a command.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.5 Exit Status</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The status returned by commands and how Bash interprets it.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.6 Signals</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What happens when Bash or a command it runs +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.7.6 Signals</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What happens when Bash or a command it runs receives a signal.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> <A NAME="Simple Command Expansion"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC51"></A> +<A NAME="SEC52"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion </H3> -<!--docid::SEC51::--> +<!--docid::SEC52::--> <P> When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following @@ -3249,14 +3356,14 @@ processing. <LI> The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are -expanded (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>). +expanded (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>). If any words remain after expansion, the first word is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words are the arguments. <P> <LI> -Redirections are performed as described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>). +Redirections are performed as described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>). <P> <LI> @@ -3287,20 +3394,20 @@ were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of zero. <A NAME="Command Search and Execution"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC52"></A> +<A NAME="SEC53"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.7.2 Command Search and Execution </H3> -<!--docid::SEC52::--> +<!--docid::SEC53::--> <P> After a command has been split into words, if it results in a @@ -3312,7 +3419,7 @@ actions are taken. <LI> If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that -function is invoked as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A>. +function is invoked as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.3 Shell Functions</A>. <P> <LI> @@ -3327,7 +3434,7 @@ and contains no slashes, Bash searches each element of <CODE>$PATH</CODE> for a directory containing an executable file by that name. Bash uses a hash table to remember the full pathnames of executable files to avoid multiple <CODE>PATH</CODE> searches -(see the description of <CODE>hash</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). +(see the description of <CODE>hash</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). A full search of the directories in <CODE>$PATH</CODE> is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for a defined shell @@ -3351,7 +3458,7 @@ to the command are set to the arguments supplied, if any. If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format, and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a <VAR>shell script</VAR> and the shell executes it as described in -<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>. +<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>. <P> <LI> @@ -3364,20 +3471,20 @@ the command to complete and collects its exit status. <A NAME="Command Execution Environment"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC53"></A> +<A NAME="SEC54"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.7.3 Command Execution Environment </H3> -<!--docid::SEC53::--> +<!--docid::SEC54::--> <P> The shell has an <VAR>execution environment</VAR>, which consists of the @@ -3420,11 +3527,11 @@ arguments) or by <CODE>set</CODE> <P> <LI> -options enabled by <CODE>shopt</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>) +options enabled by <CODE>shopt</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>) <P> <LI> -shell aliases defined with <CODE>alias</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>) +shell aliases defined with <CODE>alias</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>) <P> <LI> @@ -3459,7 +3566,7 @@ the file creation mode mask <LI> shell variables and functions marked for export, along with variables -exported for the command, passed in the environment (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.4 Environment</A>) +exported for the command, passed in the environment (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.4 Environment</A>) <P> <LI> @@ -3497,20 +3604,20 @@ shell as modified by redirections. <A NAME="Environment"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC54"></A> +<A NAME="SEC55"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.7.4 Environment </H3> -<!--docid::SEC54::--> +<!--docid::SEC55::--> <P> When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings @@ -3537,12 +3644,12 @@ commands, plus any additions via the <CODE>export</CODE> and The environment for any simple command or function may be augmented temporarily by prefixing it with -parameter assignments, as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.4 Shell Parameters</A>. +parameter assignments, as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4 Shell Parameters</A>. These assignment statements affect only the environment seen by that command. </P><P> -If the <SAMP>`-k'</SAMP> option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), then all +If the <SAMP>`-k'</SAMP> option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), then all parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. </P><P> @@ -3554,20 +3661,20 @@ command in its environment. <A NAME="Exit Status"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC55"></A> +<A NAME="SEC56"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.7.5 Exit Status </H3> -<!--docid::SEC55::--> +<!--docid::SEC56::--> <P> The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the @@ -3611,20 +3718,20 @@ All builtins return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage. <A NAME="Signals"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC56"></A> +<A NAME="SEC57"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.7.6 Signals </H3> -<!--docid::SEC56::--> +<!--docid::SEC57::--> <P> When Bash is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores @@ -3633,7 +3740,7 @@ and <CODE>SIGINT</CODE> is caught and handled (so that the <CODE>wait</CODE> builtin is interruptible). When Bash receives a <CODE>SIGINT</CODE>, it breaks out of any executing loops. In all cases, Bash ignores <CODE>SIGQUIT</CODE>. -If job control is in effect (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>), Bash +If job control is in effect (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7. Job Control</A>), Bash ignores <CODE>SIGTTIN</CODE>, <CODE>SIGTTOU</CODE>, and <CODE>SIGTSTP</CODE>. </P><P> @@ -3655,12 +3762,12 @@ the <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE>. To prevent the shell from sending the <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> signal to a particular job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the <CODE>disown</CODE> -builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>) or marked +builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>) or marked to not receive <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> using <CODE>disown -h</CODE>. </P><P> If the <CODE>huponexit</CODE> shell option has been set with <CODE>shopt</CODE> -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), Bash sends a <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> to all jobs when +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), Bash sends a <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits. </P><P> @@ -3676,26 +3783,26 @@ which the trap is executed. <A NAME="Shell Scripts"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC57"></A> +<A NAME="SEC58"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> > </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> > </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 3.8 Shell Scripts </H2> -<!--docid::SEC57::--> +<!--docid::SEC58::--> <P> A shell script is a text file containing shell commands. When such a file is used as the first non-option argument when invoking Bash, and neither the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> nor <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> option is supplied -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>), +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>), Bash reads and executes commands from the file, then exits. This mode of operation creates a non-interactive shell. The shell first searches for the file in the current directory, and looks in the @@ -3723,7 +3830,7 @@ if <CODE>filename</CODE> is an executable shell script. This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new shell had been invoked to interpret the script, with the exception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent -(see the description of <CODE>hash</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) +(see the description of <CODE>hash</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) are retained by the child. </P><P> @@ -3752,29 +3859,29 @@ under another shell. <A NAME="Shell Builtin Commands"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC58"></A> +<A NAME="SEC59"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> << </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H1> 4. Shell Builtin Commands </H1> -<!--docid::SEC58::--> +<!--docid::SEC59::--> <P> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtin commands inherited from the Bourne +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtin commands inherited from the Bourne Shell.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Table of builtins specific to Bash.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3 Modifying Shell Behavior</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtins to modify shell attributes and +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Table of builtins specific to Bash.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3 Modifying Shell Behavior</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtins to modify shell attributes and optional behavior.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.4 Special Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtin commands classified specially by +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">4.4 Special Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtin commands classified specially by POSIX.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> @@ -3794,10 +3901,10 @@ to or have been extended in Bash. Several builtin commands are described in other chapters: builtin commands which provide the Bash interface to the job control -facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>), the directory stack -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A>), the command history -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A>), and the programmable completion -facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>). +facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>), the directory stack +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A>), the command history +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A>), and the programmable completion +facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>). </P><P> Many of the builtins have been extended by POSIX or Bash. @@ -3818,20 +3925,20 @@ require <SAMP>`--'</SAMP> to prevent this interpretation. <A NAME="Bourne Shell Builtins"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC59"></A> +<A NAME="SEC60"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins </H2> -<!--docid::SEC59::--> +<!--docid::SEC60::--> <P> The following shell builtin commands are inherited from the Bourne Shell. @@ -3874,7 +3981,7 @@ The return status is zero unless <VAR>n</VAR> is not greater than or equal to 1. <DT><CODE>cd</CODE> <DD><A NAME="IDX71"></A> -<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>cd [-L|-P] [<VAR>directory</VAR>] +<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [<VAR>directory</VAR>] </pre></td></tr></table>Change the current working directory to <VAR>directory</VAR>. If <VAR>directory</VAR> is not given, the value of the <CODE>HOME</CODE> shell variable is used. @@ -3884,6 +3991,10 @@ If <VAR>directory</VAR> begins with a slash, <CODE>CDPATH</CODE> is not used. The <SAMP>`-P'</SAMP> option means to not follow symbolic links; symbolic links are followed by default or with the <SAMP>`-L'</SAMP> option. +If the <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> option is supplied with <SAMP>`-P'</SAMP> +and the current working directory cannot be successfully determined +after a successful directory change, <CODE>cd</CODE> will return an unsuccessful +status. If <VAR>directory</VAR> is <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>, it is equivalent to <CODE>$OLDPWD</CODE>. </P><P> @@ -3988,7 +4099,7 @@ invocation if a new set of parameters is to be used. When the end of options is encountered, <CODE>getopts</CODE> exits with a return value greater than zero. <CODE>OPTIND</CODE> is set to the index of the first non-option argument, -and <CODE>name</CODE> is set to <SAMP>`?'</SAMP>. +and <VAR>name</VAR> is set to <SAMP>`?'</SAMP>. </P><P> <CODE>getopts</CODE> @@ -4023,10 +4134,12 @@ If <CODE>getopts</CODE> is silent, then a colon (<SAMP>`:'</SAMP>) is placed in <DT><CODE>hash</CODE> <DD><A NAME="IDX78"></A> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>hash [-r] [-p <VAR>filename</VAR>] [-dt] [<VAR>name</VAR>] -</pre></td></tr></table>Remember the full pathnames of commands specified as <VAR>name</VAR> arguments, +</pre></td></tr></table>Each time <CODE>hash</CODE> is invoked, it remembers the full pathnames of the +commands specified as <VAR>name</VAR> arguments, so they need not be searched for on subsequent invocations. The commands are found by searching through the directories listed in <CODE>$PATH</CODE>. +Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. The <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option inhibits the path search, and <VAR>filename</VAR> is used as the location of <VAR>name</VAR>. The <SAMP>`-r'</SAMP> option causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. @@ -4117,7 +4230,7 @@ less than zero, non-zero otherwise. Evaluate a conditional expression <VAR>expr</VAR>. Each operator and operand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries described below in -<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>. +<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>. <CODE>test</CODE> does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of <SAMP>`--'</SAMP> as signifying the end of options. <P> @@ -4129,6 +4242,7 @@ be a <CODE>]</CODE>. Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation depends on the number of arguments; see below. +Operator precedence is used when there are five or more arguments. </P><P> <DL COMPACT> @@ -4167,15 +4281,16 @@ expressions using a set of rules based on the number of arguments. <DD>If the first argument is <SAMP>`!'</SAMP>, the expression is true if and only if the second argument is null. If the first argument is one of the unary conditional operators -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>), the expression +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>), the expression is true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is not a valid unary operator, the expression is false. <P> <DT>3 arguments -<DD>If the second argument is one of the binary conditional -operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>), the +<DD>The following conditions are applied in the order listed. +If the second argument is one of the binary conditional +operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>), the result of the expression is the result of the binary test using the first and third arguments as operands. The <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`-o'</SAMP> operators are considered binary operators @@ -4201,6 +4316,10 @@ using the rules listed above. </DL> <P> +When used with <CODE>test</CODE> or <SAMP>`['</SAMP>, the <SAMP>`<'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`>'</SAMP> +operators sort lexicographically using ASCII ordering. +</P><P> + <DT><CODE>times</CODE> <DD><A NAME="IDX85"></A> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>times @@ -4237,7 +4356,7 @@ before every simple command, <CODE>for</CODE> command, <CODE>case</CODE> command <CODE>select</CODE> command, every arithmetic <CODE>for</CODE> command, and before the first command executes in a shell function. Refer to the description of the <CODE>extdebug</CODE> option to the -<CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>) for details of its +<CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>) for details of its effect on the <CODE>DEBUG</CODE> trap. If a <VAR>sigspec</VAR> is <CODE>RETURN</CODE>, the command <VAR>arg</VAR> is executed each time a shell function or a script executed with the <CODE>.</CODE> or @@ -4301,20 +4420,20 @@ The return status is zero unless a <VAR>name</VAR> is readonly. <A NAME="Bash Builtins"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC60"></A> +<A NAME="SEC61"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 4.2 Bash Builtin Commands </H2> -<!--docid::SEC60::--> +<!--docid::SEC61::--> <P> This section describes builtin commands which are unique to @@ -4335,7 +4454,7 @@ them to be reused as input. If arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each <VAR>name</VAR> whose <VAR>value</VAR> is given. If no <VAR>value</VAR> is given, the name and value of the alias is printed. -Aliases are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>. +Aliases are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>. </P><P> <DT><CODE>bind</CODE> @@ -4348,12 +4467,12 @@ bind [-m <VAR>keymap</VAR>] <VAR>keyseq:function-name</VAR> bind <VAR>readline-command</VAR> </pre></td></tr></table><P> -Display current Readline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>) +Display current Readline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8. Command Line Editing</A>) key and function bindings, bind a key sequence to a Readline function or macro, or set a Readline variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would appear in a -Readline initialization file (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3 Readline Init File</A>), +Readline initialization file (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3 Readline Init File</A>), but each binding or command must be passed as a separate argument; e.g., <SAMP>`"\C-x\C-r":re-read-init-file'</SAMP>. </P><P> @@ -4526,20 +4645,27 @@ option will restrict the display to shell functions. The <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> option inhibits the display of function definitions; only the function name and attributes are printed. If the <CODE>extdebug</CODE> shell option is enabled using <CODE>shopt</CODE> -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), the source file name and line number where +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), the source file name and line number where the function is defined are displayed as well. <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> implies <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP>. +</P><P> + +The <SAMP>`-g'</SAMP> option forces variables to be created or modified at +the global scope, even when \fBdeclare\fP is executed in a shell function. +It is ignored in all other cases. +</P><P> + The following options can be used to restrict output to variables with the specified attributes or to give variables attributes: </P><P> <DL COMPACT> <DT><CODE>-a</CODE> -<DD>Each <VAR>name</VAR> is an indexed array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>). +<DD>Each <VAR>name</VAR> is an indexed array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>-A</CODE> -<DD>Each <VAR>name</VAR> is an associative array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>). +<DD>Each <VAR>name</VAR> is an associative array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>-f</CODE> @@ -4548,7 +4674,7 @@ the specified attributes or to give variables attributes: <DT><CODE>-i</CODE> <DD>The variable is to be treated as -an integer; arithmetic evaluation (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>) is +an integer; arithmetic evaluation (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>) is performed when the variable is assigned a value. <P> @@ -4587,15 +4713,16 @@ with the exceptions that <SAMP>`+a'</SAMP> may not be used to destroy an array variable and <SAMP>`+r'</SAMP> will not remove the readonly attribute. When used in a function, <CODE>declare</CODE> makes each <VAR>name</VAR> local, -as with the <CODE>local</CODE> command. If a variable name is followed by -=<VAR>value</VAR>, the value of the variable is set to <VAR>value</VAR>. +as with the <CODE>local</CODE> command, unless the <SAMP>`-g'</SAMP> option is used. +If a variable name is followed by =<VAR>value</VAR>, the value of the variable +is set to <VAR>value</VAR>. </P><P> The return status is zero unless an invalid option is encountered, an attempt is made to define a function using <SAMP>`-f foo=bar'</SAMP>, an attempt is made to assign a value to a readonly variable, an attempt is made to assign a value to an array variable without -using the compound assignment syntax (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>), +using the compound assignment syntax (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>), one of the <VAR>names</VAR> is not a valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to turn off array status for an array variable, @@ -4628,6 +4755,7 @@ escape characters by default. <DT><CODE>\c</CODE> <DD>suppress further output <DT><CODE>\e</CODE> +<DD><DT><CODE>\E</CODE> <DD>escape <DT><CODE>\f</CODE> <DD>form feed @@ -4647,6 +4775,12 @@ escape characters by default. <DT><CODE>\x<VAR>HH</VAR></CODE> <DD>the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value <VAR>HH</VAR> (one or two hex digits) +<DT><CODE>\u<VAR>HHHH</VAR></CODE> +<DD>the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value +<VAR>HHHH</VAR> (one to four hex digits) +<DT><CODE>\U<VAR>HHHHHHHH</VAR></CODE> +<DD>the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value +<VAR>HHHHHHHH</VAR> (one to eight hex digits) </DL> <P> @@ -4678,7 +4812,7 @@ The <SAMP>`-d'</SAMP> option will delete a builtin loaded with <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> If there are no options, a list of the shell builtins is displayed. The <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> option restricts <CODE>enable</CODE> to the POSIX special builtins. If <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> is used with <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP>, the new builtin becomes -a special builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.4 Special Builtins</A>). +a special builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">4.4 Special Builtins</A>). </P><P> The return status is zero unless a <VAR>name</VAR> is not a shell builtin @@ -4715,7 +4849,7 @@ The return status is zero unless no command matches <VAR>pattern</VAR>. <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>let <VAR>expression</VAR> [<VAR>expression</VAR>] </pre></td></tr></table>The <CODE>let</CODE> builtin allows arithmetic to be performed on shell variables. Each <VAR>expression</VAR> is evaluated according to the -rules given below in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>. If the +rules given below in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>. If the last <VAR>expression</VAR> evaluates to 0, <CODE>let</CODE> returns 1; otherwise 0 is returned. <P> @@ -4773,7 +4907,8 @@ The <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> option specifies <VAR>quantum</VAR>. If <SAMP>`-C'</SAMP> is specified without <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP>, the default quantum is 5000. When <VAR>callback</VAR> is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next -array element to be assigned as an additional argument. +array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that element +as additional arguments. <VAR>callback</VAR> is evaluated after the line is read but before the array element is assigned. </P><P> @@ -4792,23 +4927,42 @@ is not an indexed array. <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>printf [-v <VAR>var</VAR>] <VAR>format</VAR> [<VAR>arguments</VAR>] </pre></td></tr></table>Write the formatted <VAR>arguments</VAR> to the standard output under the control of the <VAR>format</VAR>. +The <SAMP>`-v'</SAMP> option causes the output to be assigned to the variable +<VAR>var</VAR> rather than being printed to the standard output. +<P> + The <VAR>format</VAR> is a character string which contains three types of objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard output, character escape sequences, which are converted and copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next successive <VAR>argument</VAR>. -In addition to the standard <CODE>printf(1)</CODE> formats, <SAMP>`%b'</SAMP> causes -<CODE>printf</CODE> to expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding -<VAR>argument</VAR>, +In addition to the standard <CODE>printf(1)</CODE> formats, <CODE>printf</CODE> +interprets the following extensions: +</P><P> + +<DL COMPACT> +<DT><CODE>%b</CODE> +<DD>causes <CODE>printf</CODE> to expand backslash escape sequences in the +corresponding <VAR>argument</VAR>, (except that <SAMP>`\c'</SAMP> terminates output, backslashes in <SAMP>`\''</SAMP>, <SAMP>`\"'</SAMP>, and <SAMP>`\?'</SAMP> are not removed, and octal escapes -beginning with <SAMP>`\0'</SAMP> may contain up to four digits), -and <SAMP>`%q'</SAMP> causes <CODE>printf</CODE> to output the +beginning with <SAMP>`\0'</SAMP> may contain up to four digits). +<DT><CODE>%q</CODE> +<DD>causes <CODE>printf</CODE> to output the corresponding <VAR>argument</VAR> in a format that can be reused as shell input. +<DT><CODE>%(<VAR>datefmt</VAR>)T</CODE> +<DD>causes <CODE>printf</CODE> to output the date-time string resulting from using +<VAR>datefmt</VAR> as a format string for <CODE>strftime</CODE>(3). The corresponding +<VAR>argument</VAR> is an integer representing the number of seconds since the +epoch. Two special argument values may be used: -1 represents the current +time, and -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. +</DL> <P> -The <SAMP>`-v'</SAMP> option causes the output to be assigned to the variable -<VAR>var</VAR> rather than being printed to the standard output. +Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C language constants, +except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and if the leading +character is a single or double quote, the value is the ASCII value of +the following character. </P><P> The <VAR>format</VAR> is reused as necessary to consume all of the <VAR>arguments</VAR>. @@ -4856,7 +5010,7 @@ rather than newline. <P> <DT><CODE>-e</CODE> -<DD>Readline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>) is used to obtain the line. +<DD>Readline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8. Command Line Editing</A>) is used to obtain the line. Readline uses the current (or default, if line editing was not previously active) editing settings. <P> @@ -4934,7 +5088,7 @@ A synonym for <CODE>mapfile</CODE>. <DT><CODE>source</CODE> <DD><A NAME="IDX105"></A> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>source <VAR>filename</VAR> -</pre></td></tr></table>A synonym for <CODE>.</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). +</pre></td></tr></table>A synonym for <CODE>.</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>type</CODE> @@ -5069,7 +5223,8 @@ allow this value to be set). <P> <DT><CODE>-v</CODE> -<DD>The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the process. +<DD>The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell, and, on +some systems, to its children. <P> <DT><CODE>-x</CODE> @@ -5110,7 +5265,7 @@ or an error occurs while setting a new limit. Remove each <VAR>name</VAR> from the list of aliases. If <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP> is supplied, all aliases are removed. -Aliases are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>. +Aliases are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>. </P><P> </DL> @@ -5118,44 +5273,44 @@ Aliases are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>. <A NAME="Modifying Shell Behavior"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC61"></A> +<A NAME="SEC62"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 4.3 Modifying Shell Behavior </H2> -<!--docid::SEC61::--> +<!--docid::SEC62::--> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Change the values of shell attributes and +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Change the values of shell attributes and positional parameters.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Modify shell optional behavior.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Modify shell optional behavior.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> <A NAME="The Set Builtin"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC62"></A> +<A NAME="SEC63"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 4.3.1 The Set Builtin </H3> -<!--docid::SEC62::--> +<!--docid::SEC63::--> <P> This builtin is so complicated that it deserves its own section. <CODE>set</CODE> @@ -5166,8 +5321,8 @@ parameters, or to display the names and values of shell variables. <DL COMPACT> <DT><CODE>set</CODE> <DD><A NAME="IDX110"></A> -<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>set [--abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [-o <VAR>option</VAR>] [<VAR>argument</VAR> <small>...</small>] -set [+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [+o <VAR>option</VAR>] [<VAR>argument</VAR> <small>...</small>] +<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>set [--abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [-o <VAR>option-name</VAR>] [<VAR>argument</VAR> <small>...</small>] +set [+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [+o <VAR>option-name</VAR>] [<VAR>argument</VAR> <small>...</small>] </pre></td></tr></table><P> If no options or arguments are supplied, <CODE>set</CODE> displays the names @@ -5211,7 +5366,7 @@ A trap on <CODE>ERR</CODE>, if set, is executed before the shell exits. <P> This option applies to the shell environment and each subshell environment -separately (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A>), and may cause +separately (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A>), and may cause subshells to exit before executing all the commands in the subshell. </P><P> @@ -5231,7 +5386,7 @@ the command name. <P> <DT><CODE>-m</CODE> -<DD>Job control is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>). +<DD>Job control is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7. Job Control</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>-n</CODE> @@ -5256,7 +5411,7 @@ Set the option corresponding to <VAR>option-name</VAR>: <P> <DT><CODE>emacs</CODE> -<DD>Use an <CODE>emacs</CODE>-style line editing interface (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>). +<DD>Use an <CODE>emacs</CODE>-style line editing interface (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8. Command Line Editing</A>). This also affects the editing interface used for <CODE>read -e</CODE>. <P> @@ -5281,7 +5436,7 @@ This also affects the editing interface used for <CODE>read -e</CODE>. <P> <DT><CODE>history</CODE> -<DD>Enable command history, as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>. +<DD>Enable command history, as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>. This option is on by default in interactive shells. <P> @@ -5339,7 +5494,7 @@ This option is disabled by default. <DT><CODE>posix</CODE> <DD>Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs from the POSIX standard to match the standard -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>). This is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that standard. <P> @@ -5402,7 +5557,7 @@ the command and its expanded arguments. <P> <DT><CODE>-B</CODE> -<DD>The shell will perform brace expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>). +<DD>The shell will perform brace expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>). This option is on by default. <P> @@ -5418,7 +5573,7 @@ The <CODE>ERR</CODE> trap is normally not inherited in such cases. <P> <DT><CODE>-H</CODE> -<DD>Enable <SAMP>`!'</SAMP> style history substitution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>). +<DD>Enable <SAMP>`!'</SAMP> style history substitution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>). This option is on by default for interactive shells. <P> @@ -5483,20 +5638,20 @@ The return status is always zero unless an invalid option is supplied. <A NAME="The Shopt Builtin"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC63"></A> +<A NAME="SEC64"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin </H3> -<!--docid::SEC63::--> +<!--docid::SEC64::--> <P> This builtin allows you to change additional shell optional behavior. @@ -5535,7 +5690,7 @@ non-zero otherwise. <DT><CODE>-o</CODE> <DD>Restricts the values of <VAR>optname</VAR> to be those defined for the <SAMP>`-o'</SAMP> option to the -<CODE>set</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). +<CODE>set</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). </DL> <P> @@ -5589,7 +5744,7 @@ longer exists, a normal path search is performed. <DD>If set, Bash lists the status of any stopped and running jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a second exit is attempted without an -intervening command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>). +intervening command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7. Job Control</A>). The shell always postpones exiting if any jobs are stopped. <P> @@ -5609,7 +5764,32 @@ easy re-editing of multi-line commands. <DT><CODE>compat31</CODE> <DD>If set, Bash changes its behavior to that of version 3.1 with respect to quoted -arguments to the conditional command's =~ operator. +arguments to the conditional command's <SAMP>`=~'</SAMP> operator. +<P> + +<DT><CODE>compat32</CODE> +<DD>If set, Bash +changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 with respect to locale-specific +string comparison when using the <SAMP>`[['</SAMP> +conditional command's <SAMP>`<'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`>'</SAMP> operators. +Bash versions prior to bash-4.0 use ASCII collation and strcmp(3); +bash-4.1 and later use the current locale's collation sequence and strcoll(3). +<P> + +<DT><CODE>compat40</CODE> +<DD>If set, Bash +changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 with respect to locale-specific +string comparison when using the <SAMP>`[['</SAMP> +conditional command's <SAMP>`<'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`>'</SAMP> operators (see previous item) +and the effect of interrupting a command list. +<P> + +<DT><CODE>compat41</CODE> +<DD>If set, Bash, when in posix mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted +parameter expansion as a special character. The single quotes must match +(an even number) and the characters between the single quotes are considered +quoted. This is the behavior of POSIX mode through version 4.1. +The default Bash behavior remains as in previous versions. <P> <DT><CODE>dirspell</CODE> @@ -5632,7 +5812,7 @@ fails. <DT><CODE>expand_aliases</CODE> <DD>If set, aliases are expanded as described below under Aliases, -<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>. +<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>. This option is enabled by default for interactive shells. <P> @@ -5642,7 +5822,7 @@ This option is enabled by default for interactive shells. <OL> <LI> -The <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>declare</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>) +The <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>declare</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>) displays the source file name and line number corresponding to each function name supplied as an argument. <P> @@ -5661,7 +5841,7 @@ executed by the <CODE>.</CODE> or <CODE>source</CODE> builtins), a call to <LI> <CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE> and <CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE> are updated as described in their -descriptions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>). +descriptions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>). <P> <LI> @@ -5673,13 +5853,13 @@ subshells invoked with <CODE>( <VAR>command</VAR> )</CODE> inherit the <LI> Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and subshells invoked with <CODE>( <VAR>command</VAR> )</CODE> inherit the -<CODE>ERROR</CODE> trap. +<CODE>ERR</CODE> trap. </OL> <P> <DT><CODE>extglob</CODE> <DD>If set, the extended pattern matching features described above -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>) are enabled. +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>) are enabled. <P> <DT><CODE>extquote</CODE> @@ -5697,7 +5877,7 @@ result in an expansion error. <DD>If set, the suffixes specified by the <CODE>FIGNORE</CODE> shell variable cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if the ignored words are the only possible completions. -See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for a description of <CODE>FIGNORE</CODE>. +See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for a description of <CODE>FIGNORE</CODE>. This option is enabled by default. <P> @@ -5735,13 +5915,13 @@ the Readline editing buffer, allowing further modification. <DT><CODE>hostcomplete</CODE> <DD>If set, and Readline is being used, Bash will attempt to perform hostname completion when a word containing a <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> is being -completed (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A>). This option is enabled +completed (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A>). This option is enabled by default. <P> <DT><CODE>huponexit</CODE> <DD>If set, Bash will send <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> to all jobs when an interactive -login shell exits (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.6 Signals</A>). +login shell exits (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.7.6 Signals</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>interactive_comments</CODE> @@ -5751,6 +5931,11 @@ line to be ignored in an interactive shell. This option is enabled by default. <P> +<DT><CODE>lastpipe</CODE> +<DD>If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs the last command of +a pipeline not executed in the background in the current shell environment. +<P> + <DT><CODE>lithist</CODE> <DD>If enabled, and the <CODE>cmdhist</CODE> option is enabled, multi-line commands are saved to the history with @@ -5759,7 +5944,7 @@ embedded newlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible. <DT><CODE>login_shell</CODE> <DD>The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>). The value may not be changed. <P> @@ -5793,7 +5978,7 @@ files to expand to a null string, rather than themselves. <DT><CODE>progcomp</CODE> <DD>If set, the programmable completion facilities -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>) are enabled. +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>) are enabled. This option is enabled by default. <P> @@ -5801,13 +5986,13 @@ This option is enabled by default. <DD>If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal after being expanded -as described below (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>). +as described below (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>). This option is enabled by default. <P> <DT><CODE>restricted_shell</CODE> <DD>The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>). The value may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup files are executed, allowing the startup files to discover whether or not a shell is restricted. @@ -5844,20 +6029,20 @@ When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an <A NAME="Special Builtins"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC64"></A> +<A NAME="SEC65"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 4.4 Special Builtins </H2> -<!--docid::SEC64::--> +<!--docid::SEC65::--> <P> For historical reasons, the POSIX standard has classified @@ -5883,7 +6068,7 @@ environment after the command completes. When Bash is not executing in POSIX mode, these builtins behave no differently than the rest of the Bash builtin commands. -The Bash POSIX mode is described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>. +The Bash POSIX mode is described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>. </P><P> These are the POSIX special builtins: @@ -5893,26 +6078,26 @@ shift trap unset <A NAME="Shell Variables"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC65"></A> +<A NAME="SEC66"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> << </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H1> 5. Shell Variables </H1> -<!--docid::SEC65::--> +<!--docid::SEC66::--> <P> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Variables which Bash uses in the same way +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Variables which Bash uses in the same way as the Bourne Shell.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">List of variables that exist in Bash.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">List of variables that exist in Bash.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> @@ -5922,20 +6107,20 @@ Bash automatically assigns default values to a number of variables. <A NAME="Bourne Shell Variables"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC66"></A> +<A NAME="SEC67"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 5.1 Bourne Shell Variables </H2> -<!--docid::SEC66::--> +<!--docid::SEC67::--> <P> Bash uses certain shell variables in the same way as the Bourne shell. @@ -5957,7 +6142,7 @@ the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin command. The current user's home directory; the default for the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin command. The value of this variable is also used by tilde expansion -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>). <P> <A NAME="IDX116"></A> @@ -5970,9 +6155,10 @@ words as part of expansion. <A NAME="IDX118"></A> <DT><CODE>MAIL</CODE> <DD><A NAME="IDX119"></A> -If this parameter is set to a filename and the <CODE>MAILPATH</CODE> variable +If this parameter is set to a filename or directory name +and the <CODE>MAILPATH</CODE> variable is not set, Bash informs the user of the arrival of mail in -the specified file. +the specified file or Maildir-format directory. <P> <A NAME="IDX120"></A> @@ -6014,7 +6200,7 @@ or trailing colon. <DT><CODE>PS1</CODE> <DD><A NAME="IDX129"></A> The primary prompt string. The default value is <SAMP>`\s-\v\$ '</SAMP>. -See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>, for the complete list of escape +See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>, for the complete list of escape sequences that are expanded before <CODE>PS1</CODE> is displayed. <P> @@ -6029,20 +6215,20 @@ The secondary prompt string. The default value is <SAMP>`> '</SAMP>. <A NAME="Bash Variables"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC67"></A> +<A NAME="SEC68"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 5.2 Bash Variables </H2> -<!--docid::SEC67::--> +<!--docid::SEC68::--> <P> These variables are set or used by Bash, but other shells @@ -6051,7 +6237,7 @@ do not normally treat them specially. A few variables used by Bash are described in different chapters: variables for controlling the job control facilities -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.3 Job Control Variables</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">7.3 Job Control Variables</A>). </P><P> <DL COMPACT> @@ -6067,7 +6253,7 @@ The full pathname used to execute the current instance of Bash. <DD><A NAME="IDX135"></A> A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in the list is a valid argument for the <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> option to the -<CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>). +<CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>). The options appearing in <CODE>BASHOPTS</CODE> are those reported as <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> by <SAMP>`shopt'</SAMP>. If this variable is in the environment when Bash @@ -6078,7 +6264,7 @@ reading any startup files. This variable is readonly. <A NAME="IDX136"></A> <DT><CODE>BASHPID</CODE> <DD><A NAME="IDX137"></A> -Expands to the process id of the current Bash process. +Expands to the process ID of the current Bash process. This differs from <CODE>$$</CODE> under certain circumstances, such as subshells that do not require Bash to be re-initialized. <P> @@ -6087,8 +6273,8 @@ that do not require Bash to be re-initialized. <DT><CODE>BASH_ALIASES</CODE> <DD><A NAME="IDX139"></A> An associative array variable whose members correspond to the internal -list of aliases as maintained by the <CODE>alias</CODE> builtin -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). +list of aliases as maintained by the <CODE>alias</CODE> builtin. +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). Elements added to this array appear in the alias list; unsetting array elements cause aliases to be removed from the alias list. <P> @@ -6103,7 +6289,7 @@ with <CODE>.</CODE> or <CODE>source</CODE>) is at the top of the stack. When a subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed is pushed onto <CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE>. The shell sets <CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE> only when in extended debugging mode -(see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A> +(see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A> for a description of the <CODE>extdebug</CODE> option to the <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin). <P> @@ -6117,7 +6303,7 @@ is at the top of the stack; the first parameter of the initial call is at the bottom. When a subroutine is executed, the parameters supplied are pushed onto <CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE>. The shell sets <CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE> only when in extended debugging mode -(see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A> +(see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A> for a description of the <CODE>extdebug</CODE> option to the <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin). <P> @@ -6127,7 +6313,7 @@ builtin). <DD><A NAME="IDX145"></A> An associative array variable whose members correspond to the internal hash table of commands as maintained by the <CODE>hash</CODE> builtin -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). Elements added to this array appear in the hash table; unsetting array elements cause commands to be removed from the hash table. <P> @@ -6145,7 +6331,7 @@ in which case it is the command executing at the time of the trap. <DD><A NAME="IDX149"></A> If this variable is set when Bash is invoked to execute a shell script, its value is expanded and used as the name of a startup file -to read before executing the script. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>. +to read before executing the script. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC71">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>. <P> <A NAME="IDX150"></A> @@ -6158,11 +6344,11 @@ The command argument to the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> invocation option. <DT><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE> <DD><A NAME="IDX153"></A> An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source files -corresponding to each member of <VAR>FUNCNAME</VAR>. -<CODE>${BASH_LINENO[$i]}</CODE> is the line number in the source file where +where each corresponding member of <VAR>FUNCNAME</VAR> was invoked. +<CODE>${BASH_LINENO[$i]}</CODE> is the line number in the source file +(<CODE>${BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]}</CODE>) where <CODE>${FUNCNAME[$i]}</CODE> was called (or <CODE>${BASH_LINENO[$i-1]}</CODE> if -referenced within another shell function). -The corresponding source file name is <CODE>${BASH_SOURCE[$i]}</CODE>. +referenced within another shell function). Use <CODE>LINENO</CODE> to obtain the current line number. <P> @@ -6182,8 +6368,11 @@ This variable is read-only. <A NAME="IDX156"></A> <DT><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE> <DD><A NAME="IDX157"></A> -An array variable whose members are the source filenames corresponding -to the elements in the <CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE> array variable. +An array variable whose members are the source filenames where the +corresponding shell function names in the <CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE> array +variable are defined. +The shell function <CODE>${FUNCNAME[$i]}</CODE> is defined in the file +<CODE>${BASH_SOURCE[$i]}</CODE> and called from <CODE>${BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]}</CODE> <P> <A NAME="IDX158"></A> @@ -6196,7 +6385,7 @@ The initial value is 0. <A NAME="IDX160"></A> <DT><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE> <DD><A NAME="IDX161"></A> -A readonly array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>) +A readonly array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>) whose members hold version information for this instance of Bash. The values assigned to the array members are as follows: <P> @@ -6256,7 +6445,7 @@ being closed. <A NAME="IDX166"></A> <DT><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE> <DD><A NAME="IDX167"></A> -Used by the <CODE>select</CODE> builtin command to determine the terminal width +Used by the <CODE>select</CODE> command to determine the terminal width when printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a <CODE>SIGWINCH</CODE>. <P> @@ -6267,7 +6456,7 @@ when printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a An index into <CODE>${COMP_WORDS}</CODE> of the word containing the current cursor position. This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the -programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>). +programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>). <P> <A NAME="IDX170"></A> @@ -6276,7 +6465,7 @@ programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8. The current command line. This variable is available only in shell functions and external commands invoked by the -programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>). +programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>). <P> <A NAME="IDX172"></A> @@ -6288,7 +6477,7 @@ If the current cursor position is at the end of the current command, the value of this variable is equal to <CODE>${#COMP_LINE}</CODE>. This variable is available only in shell functions and external commands invoked by the -programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>). +programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>). <P> <A NAME="IDX174"></A> @@ -6304,7 +6493,7 @@ or <SAMP>`%'</SAMP>, for menu completion. This variable is available only in shell functions and external commands invoked by the -programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>). +programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>). <P> <A NAME="IDX176"></A> @@ -6331,7 +6520,7 @@ words in the current command line. The line is split into words as Readline would split it, using <CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE> as described above. This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the -programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>). +programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>). <P> <A NAME="IDX182"></A> @@ -6339,12 +6528,19 @@ programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8. <DD><A NAME="IDX183"></A> An array variable from which Bash reads the possible completions generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable completion -facility (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>). +facility (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>). <P> <A NAME="IDX184"></A> -<DT><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE> +<DT><CODE>COPROC</CODE> <DD><A NAME="IDX185"></A> +An array variable created to hold the file descriptors +for output from and input to an unnamed coprocess (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">3.2.5 Coprocesses</A>). +<P> + +<A NAME="IDX186"></A> +<DT><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE> +<DD><A NAME="IDX187"></A> An array variable containing the current contents of the directory stack. Directories appear in the stack in the order they are displayed by the <CODE>dirs</CODE> builtin. @@ -6356,31 +6552,38 @@ If <CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE> is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. <P> -<A NAME="IDX186"></A> +<A NAME="IDX188"></A> <DT><CODE>EMACS</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX187"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX189"></A> If Bash finds this variable in the environment when the shell starts with value <SAMP>`t'</SAMP>, it assumes that the shell is running in an -emacs shell buffer and disables line editing. +Emacs shell buffer and disables line editing. <P> -<A NAME="IDX188"></A> +<A NAME="IDX190"></A> +<DT><CODE>ENV</CODE> +<DD><A NAME="IDX191"></A> +Similar to <CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE>; used when the shell is invoked in +POSIX Mode (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>). +<P> + +<A NAME="IDX192"></A> <DT><CODE>EUID</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX189"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX193"></A> The numeric effective user id of the current user. This variable is readonly. <P> -<A NAME="IDX190"></A> +<A NAME="IDX194"></A> <DT><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX191"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX195"></A> The editor used as a default by the <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>fc</CODE> builtin command. <P> -<A NAME="IDX192"></A> +<A NAME="IDX196"></A> <DT><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX193"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX197"></A> A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing filename completion. A file name whose suffix matches one of the entries in @@ -6389,23 +6592,41 @@ is excluded from the list of matched file names. A sample value is <SAMP>`.o:~'</SAMP> <P> -<A NAME="IDX194"></A> +<A NAME="IDX198"></A> <DT><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX195"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX199"></A> An array variable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the execution call stack. The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing shell function. -The bottom-most element is <CODE>"main"</CODE>. +The bottom-most element (the one with the highest index) +is <CODE>"main"</CODE>. This variable exists only when a shell function is executing. Assignments to <CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE> have no effect and return an error status. If <CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE> is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. <P> -<A NAME="IDX196"></A> +This variable can be used with <CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE> and <CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE>. +Each element of <CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE> has corresponding elements in +<CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE> and <CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE> to describe the call stack. +For instance, <CODE>${FUNCNAME[$i]}</CODE> was called from the file +<CODE>${BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]}</CODE> at line number <CODE>${BASH_LINENO[$i]}</CODE>. +The <CODE>caller</CODE> builtin displays the current call stack using this +information. +</P><P> + +<A NAME="IDX200"></A> +<DT><CODE>FUNCNEST</CODE> +<DD><A NAME="IDX201"></A> +If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum function +nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this nesting level +will cause the current command to abort. +<P> + +<A NAME="IDX202"></A> <DT><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX197"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX203"></A> A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames to be ignored by filename expansion. If a filename matched by a filename expansion pattern also matches one @@ -6413,9 +6634,9 @@ of the patterns in <CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE>, it is removed from the list of matches. <P> -<A NAME="IDX198"></A> +<A NAME="IDX204"></A> <DT><CODE>GROUPS</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX199"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX205"></A> An array variable containing the list of groups of which the current user is a member. Assignments to <CODE>GROUPS</CODE> have no effect and return an error status. @@ -6423,11 +6644,11 @@ If <CODE>GROUPS</CODE> is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. <P> -<A NAME="IDX200"></A> +<A NAME="IDX206"></A> <DT><CODE>histchars</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX201"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX207"></A> Up to three characters which control history expansion, quick -substitution, and tokenization (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>). +substitution, and tokenization (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>). The first character is the <VAR>history expansion</VAR> character, that is, the character which signifies the start of a history expansion, normally <SAMP>`!'</SAMP>. The second character is the @@ -6440,17 +6661,17 @@ remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment. <P> -<A NAME="IDX202"></A> +<A NAME="IDX208"></A> <DT><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX203"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX209"></A> The history number, or index in the history list, of the current command. If <CODE>HISTCMD</CODE> is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. <P> -<A NAME="IDX204"></A> +<A NAME="IDX210"></A> <DT><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX205"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX211"></A> A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are saved on the history list. If the list of values includes <SAMP>`ignorespace'</SAMP>, lines which begin @@ -6471,16 +6692,16 @@ not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of <CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE>. <P> -<A NAME="IDX206"></A> +<A NAME="IDX212"></A> <DT><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX207"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX213"></A> The name of the file to which the command history is saved. The default value is <TT>`~/.bash_history'</TT>. <P> -<A NAME="IDX208"></A> +<A NAME="IDX214"></A> <DT><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX209"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX215"></A> The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When this variable is assigned a value, the history file is truncated, if necessary, by removing the oldest entries, @@ -6490,9 +6711,9 @@ writing it when an interactive shell exits. The default value is 500. <P> -<A NAME="IDX210"></A> +<A NAME="IDX216"></A> <DT><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX211"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX217"></A> A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the complete @@ -6514,16 +6735,16 @@ Combining these two patterns, separating them with a colon, provides the functionality of <CODE>ignoreboth</CODE>. </P><P> -<A NAME="IDX212"></A> +<A NAME="IDX218"></A> <DT><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX213"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX219"></A> The maximum number of commands to remember on the history list. The default value is 500. <P> -<A NAME="IDX214"></A> +<A NAME="IDX220"></A> <DT><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX215"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX221"></A> If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a format string for <VAR>strftime</VAR> to print the time stamp associated with each history entry displayed by the <CODE>history</CODE> builtin. @@ -6533,9 +6754,9 @@ This uses the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines. <P> -<A NAME="IDX216"></A> +<A NAME="IDX222"></A> <DT><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX217"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX223"></A> Contains the name of a file in the same format as <TT>`/etc/hosts'</TT> that should be read when the shell needs to complete a hostname. The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while the shell @@ -6549,21 +6770,21 @@ Bash attempts to read When <CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE> is unset, the hostname list is cleared. <P> -<A NAME="IDX218"></A> +<A NAME="IDX224"></A> <DT><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX219"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX225"></A> The name of the current host. <P> -<A NAME="IDX220"></A> +<A NAME="IDX226"></A> <DT><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX221"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX227"></A> A string describing the machine Bash is running on. <P> -<A NAME="IDX222"></A> +<A NAME="IDX228"></A> <DT><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX223"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX229"></A> Controls the action of the shell on receipt of an <CODE>EOF</CODE> character as the sole input. If set, the value denotes the number of consecutive <CODE>EOF</CODE> characters that can be read as the @@ -6574,82 +6795,82 @@ If the variable does not exist, then <CODE>EOF</CODE> signifies the end of input to the shell. This is only in effect for interactive shells. <P> -<A NAME="IDX224"></A> +<A NAME="IDX230"></A> <DT><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX225"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX231"></A> The name of the Readline initialization file, overriding the default of <TT>`~/.inputrc'</TT>. <P> -<A NAME="IDX226"></A> +<A NAME="IDX232"></A> <DT><CODE>LANG</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX227"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX233"></A> Used to determine the locale category for any category not specifically selected with a variable starting with <CODE>LC_</CODE>. <P> -<A NAME="IDX228"></A> +<A NAME="IDX234"></A> <DT><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX229"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX235"></A> This variable overrides the value of <CODE>LANG</CODE> and any other <CODE>LC_</CODE> variable specifying a locale category. <P> -<A NAME="IDX230"></A> +<A NAME="IDX236"></A> <DT><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX231"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX237"></A> This variable determines the collation order used when sorting the results of filename expansion, and determines the behavior of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating sequences within filename expansion and pattern matching -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>). <P> -<A NAME="IDX232"></A> +<A NAME="IDX238"></A> <DT><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX233"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX239"></A> This variable determines the interpretation of characters and the behavior of character classes within filename expansion and pattern -matching (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>). +matching (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>). <P> -<A NAME="IDX234"></A> +<A NAME="IDX240"></A> <DT><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX235"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX241"></A> This variable determines the locale used to translate double-quoted strings preceded by a <SAMP>`$'</SAMP> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A>). <P> -<A NAME="IDX236"></A> +<A NAME="IDX242"></A> <DT><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX237"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX243"></A> This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting. <P> -<A NAME="IDX238"></A> +<A NAME="IDX244"></A> <DT><CODE>LINENO</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX239"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX245"></A> The line number in the script or shell function currently executing. <P> -<A NAME="IDX240"></A> +<A NAME="IDX246"></A> <DT><CODE>LINES</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX241"></A> -Used by the <CODE>select</CODE> builtin command to determine the column length +<DD><A NAME="IDX247"></A> +Used by the <CODE>select</CODE> command to determine the column length for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a <CODE>SIGWINCH</CODE>. <P> -<A NAME="IDX242"></A> +<A NAME="IDX248"></A> <DT><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX243"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX249"></A> A string that fully describes the system type on which Bash is executing, in the standard GNU <VAR>cpu-company-system</VAR> format. <P> -<A NAME="IDX244"></A> +<A NAME="IDX250"></A> <DT><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX245"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX251"></A> How often (in seconds) that the shell should check for mail in the files specified in the <CODE>MAILPATH</CODE> or <CODE>MAIL</CODE> variables. The default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check @@ -6658,39 +6879,46 @@ If this variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking. <P> -<A NAME="IDX246"></A> +<A NAME="IDX252"></A> +<DT><CODE>MAPFILE</CODE> +<DD><A NAME="IDX253"></A> +An array variable created to hold the text read by the +<CODE>mapfile</CODE> builtin when no variable name is supplied. +<P> + +<A NAME="IDX254"></A> <DT><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX247"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX255"></A> The previous working directory as set by the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin. <P> -<A NAME="IDX248"></A> +<A NAME="IDX256"></A> <DT><CODE>OPTERR</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX249"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX257"></A> If set to the value 1, Bash displays error messages generated by the <CODE>getopts</CODE> builtin command. <P> -<A NAME="IDX250"></A> +<A NAME="IDX258"></A> <DT><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX251"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX259"></A> A string describing the operating system Bash is running on. <P> -<A NAME="IDX252"></A> +<A NAME="IDX260"></A> <DT><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX253"></A> -An array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>) +<DD><A NAME="IDX261"></A> +An array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>) containing a list of exit status values from the processes in the most-recently-executed foreground pipeline (which may contain only a single command). <P> -<A NAME="IDX254"></A> +<A NAME="IDX262"></A> <DT><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX255"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX263"></A> If this variable is in the environment when <CODE>bash</CODE> starts, the shell -enters POSIX mode (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>) before reading the +enters POSIX mode (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>) before reading the startup files, as if the <SAMP>`--posix'</SAMP> invocation option had been supplied. If it is set while the shell is running, <CODE>bash</CODE> enables POSIX mode, as if the command @@ -6698,70 +6926,84 @@ as if the command </pre></td></tr></table>had been executed. <P> -<A NAME="IDX256"></A> +<A NAME="IDX264"></A> <DT><CODE>PPID</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX257"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX265"></A> The process ID of the shell's parent process. This variable is readonly. <P> -<A NAME="IDX258"></A> +<A NAME="IDX266"></A> <DT><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX259"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX267"></A> If set, the value is interpreted as a command to execute before the printing of each primary prompt (<CODE>$PS1</CODE>). <P> -<A NAME="IDX260"></A> +<A NAME="IDX268"></A> <DT><CODE>PROMPT_DIRTRIM</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX261"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX269"></A> If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the number of trailing directory components to retain when expanding the <CODE>\w</CODE> and -<CODE>\W</CODE> prompt string escapes (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>). +<CODE>\W</CODE> prompt string escapes (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>). Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis. <P> -<A NAME="IDX262"></A> +<A NAME="IDX270"></A> <DT><CODE>PS3</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX263"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX271"></A> The value of this variable is used as the prompt for the <CODE>select</CODE> command. If this variable is not set, the <CODE>select</CODE> command prompts with <SAMP>`#? '</SAMP> <P> -<A NAME="IDX264"></A> +<A NAME="IDX272"></A> <DT><CODE>PS4</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX265"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX273"></A> The value is the prompt printed before the command line is echoed -when the <SAMP>`-x'</SAMP> option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). +when the <SAMP>`-x'</SAMP> option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). The first character of <CODE>PS4</CODE> is replicated multiple times, as necessary, to indicate multiple levels of indirection. The default is <SAMP>`+ '</SAMP>. <P> -<A NAME="IDX266"></A> +<A NAME="IDX274"></A> <DT><CODE>PWD</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX267"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX275"></A> The current working directory as set by the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin. <P> -<A NAME="IDX268"></A> +<A NAME="IDX276"></A> <DT><CODE>RANDOM</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX269"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX277"></A> Each time this parameter is referenced, a random integer between 0 and 32767 is generated. Assigning a value to this variable seeds the random number generator. <P> -<A NAME="IDX270"></A> +<A NAME="IDX278"></A> +<DT><CODE>READLINE_LINE</CODE> +<DD><A NAME="IDX279"></A> +The contents of the Readline line buffer, for use +with <SAMP>`bind -x'</SAMP> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). +<P> + +<A NAME="IDX280"></A> +<DT><CODE>READLINE_POINT</CODE> +<DD><A NAME="IDX281"></A> +The position of the insertion point in the Readline line buffer, for use +with <SAMP>`bind -x'</SAMP> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). +<P> + +<A NAME="IDX282"></A> <DT><CODE>REPLY</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX271"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX283"></A> The default variable for the <CODE>read</CODE> builtin. <P> -<A NAME="IDX272"></A> +<A NAME="IDX284"></A> <DT><CODE>SECONDS</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX273"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX285"></A> This variable expands to the number of seconds since the shell was started. Assignment to this variable resets the count to the value assigned, and the expanded value @@ -6769,20 +7011,20 @@ becomes the value assigned plus the number of seconds since the assignment. <P> -<A NAME="IDX274"></A> +<A NAME="IDX286"></A> <DT><CODE>SHELL</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX275"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX287"></A> The full pathname to the shell is kept in this environment variable. If it is not set when the shell starts, Bash assigns to it the full pathname of the current user's login shell. <P> -<A NAME="IDX276"></A> +<A NAME="IDX288"></A> <DT><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX277"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX289"></A> A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in the list is a valid argument for the <SAMP>`-o'</SAMP> option to the -<CODE>set</CODE> builtin command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). +<CODE>set</CODE> builtin command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). The options appearing in <CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE> are those reported as <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> by <SAMP>`set -o'</SAMP>. If this variable is in the environment when Bash @@ -6790,16 +7032,16 @@ starts up, each shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any startup files. This variable is readonly. <P> -<A NAME="IDX278"></A> +<A NAME="IDX290"></A> <DT><CODE>SHLVL</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX279"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX291"></A> Incremented by one each time a new instance of Bash is started. This is intended to be a count of how deeply your Bash shells are nested. <P> -<A NAME="IDX280"></A> +<A NAME="IDX292"></A> <DT><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX281"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX293"></A> The value of this parameter is used as a format string specifying how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the <CODE>time</CODE> reserved word should be displayed. @@ -6852,11 +7094,11 @@ If this variable is not set, Bash acts as if it had the value A trailing newline is added when the format string is displayed. </P><P> -<A NAME="IDX282"></A> +<A NAME="IDX294"></A> <DT><CODE>TMOUT</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX283"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX295"></A> If set to a value greater than zero, <CODE>TMOUT</CODE> is treated as the -default timeout for the <CODE>read</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). +default timeout for the <CODE>read</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). The <CODE>select</CODE> command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A>) terminates if input does not arrive after <CODE>TMOUT</CODE> seconds when input is coming from a terminal. @@ -6869,16 +7111,16 @@ Bash terminates after that number of seconds if input does not arrive. </P><P> -<A NAME="IDX284"></A> +<A NAME="IDX296"></A> <DT><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX285"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX297"></A> If set, Bash uses its value as the name of a directory in which Bash creates temporary files for the shell's use. <P> -<A NAME="IDX286"></A> +<A NAME="IDX298"></A> <DT><CODE>UID</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX287"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX299"></A> The numeric real user id of the current user. This variable is readonly. <P> @@ -6887,59 +7129,59 @@ The numeric real user id of the current user. This variable is readonly. <A NAME="Bash Features"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC68"></A> +<A NAME="SEC69"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> << </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H1> 6. Bash Features </H1> -<!--docid::SEC68::--> +<!--docid::SEC69::--> <P> This section describes features unique to Bash. </P><P> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Command line options that you can give +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Command line options that you can give to Bash.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">When and how Bash executes scripts.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What an interactive shell is.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Primitives used in composing expressions for +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC71">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">When and how Bash executes scripts.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What an interactive shell is.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Primitives used in composing expressions for the <CODE>test</CODE> builtin.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Arithmetic on shell variables.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Substituting one command for another.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Array Variables.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8 The Directory Stack</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">History of visited directories.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Controlling the PS1 string.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A more controlled mode of shell execution.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Making Bash behave more closely to what +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Arithmetic on shell variables.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Substituting one command for another.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Array Variables.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8 The Directory Stack</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">History of visited directories.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Controlling the PS1 string.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A more controlled mode of shell execution.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Making Bash behave more closely to what the POSIX standard specifies.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> <A NAME="Invoking Bash"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC69"></A> +<A NAME="SEC70"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC71"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 6.1 Invoking Bash </H2> -<!--docid::SEC69::--> +<!--docid::SEC70::--> <P> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o <VAR>option</VAR>] [-O <VAR>shopt_option</VAR>] [<VAR>argument</VAR> <small>...</small>] @@ -6947,8 +7189,9 @@ bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o <VAR>option</VAR>] [-O <VAR>shopt_opt bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o <VAR>option</VAR>] [-O <VAR>shopt_option</VAR>] [<VAR>argument</VAR> <small>...</small>] </pre></td></tr></table></P><P> -In addition to the single-character shell command-line options -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), there are several multi-character +All of the single-character options used with the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>) can be used as options when the shell is invoked. +In addition, there are several multi-character options that you can use. These options must appear on the command line before the single-character options to be recognized. </P><P> @@ -6956,11 +7199,9 @@ line before the single-character options to be recognized. <DL COMPACT> <DT><CODE>--debugger</CODE> <DD>Arrange for the debugger profile to be executed before the shell -starts. Turns on extended debugging mode (see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A> +starts. Turns on extended debugging mode (see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A> for a description of the <CODE>extdebug</CODE> option to the <CODE>shopt</CODE> -builtin) and shell function tracing -(see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A> for a description of the <CODE>-o functrace</CODE> -option). +builtin). <P> <DT><CODE>--dump-po-strings</CODE> @@ -6989,7 +7230,7 @@ in an interactive shell. <P> <DT><CODE>--noediting</CODE> -<DD>Do not use the GNU Readline library (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>) +<DD>Do not use the GNU Readline library (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8. Command Line Editing</A>) to read command lines when the shell is interactive. <P> @@ -7010,12 +7251,12 @@ invoked as <CODE>sh</CODE>. <DD>Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs from the POSIX standard to match the standard. This is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that -standard. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>, for a description of the Bash +standard. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>, for a description of the Bash POSIX mode. <P> <DT><CODE>--restricted</CODE> -<DD>Make the shell a restricted shell (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>). +<DD>Make the shell a restricted shell (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>--verbose</CODE> @@ -7043,7 +7284,7 @@ positional parameters, starting with <CODE>$0</CODE>. <DT><CODE>-i</CODE> <DD>Force the shell to run interactively. Interactive shells are -described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>. +described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>. <P> <DT><CODE>-l</CODE> @@ -7054,12 +7295,12 @@ When the shell is not interactive, the login shell startup files will be executed. <SAMP>`exec bash -l'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`exec bash --login'</SAMP> will replace the current shell with a Bash login shell. -See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>, for a description of the special behavior +See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC71">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>, for a description of the special behavior of a login shell. <P> <DT><CODE>-r</CODE> -<DD>Make the shell a restricted shell (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>). +<DD>Make the shell a restricted shell (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>-s</CODE> @@ -7080,7 +7321,7 @@ This implies the <SAMP>`-n'</SAMP> option; no commands will be executed. <DT><CODE>[-+]O [<VAR>shopt_option</VAR>]</CODE> <DD><VAR>shopt_option</VAR> is one of the shell options accepted by the -<CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>). +<CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>). If <VAR>shopt_option</VAR> is present, <SAMP>`-O'</SAMP> sets the value of that option; <SAMP>`+O'</SAMP> unsets it. If <VAR>shopt_option</VAR> is not supplied, the names and values of the shell @@ -7098,24 +7339,24 @@ Any arguments after the <CODE>--</CODE> are treated as filenames and arguments. </DL> <P> -<A NAME="IDX288"></A> +<A NAME="IDX300"></A> A <EM>login</EM> shell is one whose first character of argument zero is <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>, or one invoked with the <SAMP>`--login'</SAMP> option. </P><P> -<A NAME="IDX289"></A> +<A NAME="IDX301"></A> An <EM>interactive</EM> shell is one started without non-option arguments, unless <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> is specified, without specifying the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> option, and whose input and output are both connected to terminals (as determined by <CODE>isatty(3)</CODE>), or one -started with the <SAMP>`-i'</SAMP> option. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>, for more +started with the <SAMP>`-i'</SAMP> option. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>, for more information. </P><P> If arguments remain after option processing, and neither the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> nor the <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to -be the name of a file containing shell commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>). +be the name of a file containing shell commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>). When Bash is invoked in this fashion, <CODE>$0</CODE> is set to the name of the file, and the positional parameters are set to the remaining arguments. @@ -7126,34 +7367,34 @@ in the script. If no commands are executed, the exit status is 0. <A NAME="Bash Startup Files"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC70"></A> +<A NAME="SEC71"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 6.2 Bash Startup Files </H2> -<!--docid::SEC70::--> +<!--docid::SEC71::--> <P> This section describes how Bash executes its startup files. If any of the files exist but cannot be read, Bash reports an error. Tildes are expanded in file names as described above under -Tilde Expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>). +Tilde Expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>). </P><P> -Interactive shells are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>. +Interactive shells are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>. </P><P> -<A NAME="SEC71"></A> +<A NAME="SEC72"></A> <H4> Invoked as an interactive login shell, or with <SAMP>`--login'</SAMP> </H4> -<!--docid::SEC71::--> +<!--docid::SEC72::--> <P> When Bash is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a @@ -7170,9 +7411,9 @@ When a login shell exits, Bash reads and executes commands from the file <TT>`~/.bash_logout'</TT>, if it exists. </P><P> -<A NAME="SEC72"></A> +<A NAME="SEC73"></A> <H4> Invoked as an interactive non-login shell </H4> -<!--docid::SEC72::--> +<!--docid::SEC73::--> <P> When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started, Bash @@ -7187,9 +7428,9 @@ So, typically, your <TT>`~/.bash_profile'</TT> contains the line </pre></td></tr></table>after (or before) any login-specific initializations. </P><P> -<A NAME="SEC73"></A> +<A NAME="SEC74"></A> <H4> Invoked non-interactively </H4> -<!--docid::SEC73::--> +<!--docid::SEC74::--> <P> When Bash is started non-interactively, to run a shell script, @@ -7207,9 +7448,9 @@ As noted above, if a non-interactive shell is invoked with the login shell startup files. </P><P> -<A NAME="SEC74"></A> +<A NAME="SEC75"></A> <H4> Invoked with name <CODE>sh</CODE> </H4> -<!--docid::SEC74::--> +<!--docid::SEC75::--> <P> If Bash is invoked with the name <CODE>sh</CODE>, it tries to mimic the @@ -7236,9 +7477,9 @@ When invoked as <CODE>sh</CODE>, Bash enters POSIX mode after the startup files are read. </P><P> -<A NAME="SEC75"></A> +<A NAME="SEC76"></A> <H4> Invoked in POSIX mode </H4> -<!--docid::SEC75::--> +<!--docid::SEC76::--> <P> When Bash is started in POSIX mode, as with the @@ -7250,13 +7491,13 @@ expanded value. No other startup files are read. </P><P> -<A NAME="SEC76"></A> +<A NAME="SEC77"></A> <H4> Invoked by remote shell daemon </H4> -<!--docid::SEC76::--> +<!--docid::SEC77::--> <P> Bash attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard input -connected to a a network connection, as if by the remote shell +connected to a network connection, as when executed by the remote shell daemon, usually <CODE>rshd</CODE>, or the secure shell daemon <CODE>sshd</CODE>. If Bash determines it is being run in this fashion, it reads and executes commands from <TT>`~/.bashrc'</TT>, if that @@ -7268,9 +7509,9 @@ The <SAMP>`--norc'</SAMP> option may be used to inhibit this behavior, and the allow them to be specified. </P><P> -<A NAME="SEC77"></A> +<A NAME="SEC78"></A> <H4> Invoked with unequal effective and real UID/GIDs </H4> -<!--docid::SEC77::--> +<!--docid::SEC78::--> <P> If Bash is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to the @@ -7285,45 +7526,45 @@ the same, but the effective user id is not reset. <A NAME="Interactive Shells"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC78"></A> +<A NAME="SEC79"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC71"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 6.3 Interactive Shells </H2> -<!--docid::SEC78::--> +<!--docid::SEC79::--> <P> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3.1 What is an Interactive Shell?</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What determines whether a shell is Interactive.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80">6.3.2 Is this Shell Interactive?</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to tell if a shell is interactive.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.3.3 Interactive Shell Behavior</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What changes in a interactive shell?</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80">6.3.1 What is an Interactive Shell?</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What determines whether a shell is Interactive.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.3.2 Is this Shell Interactive?</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to tell if a shell is interactive.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.3.3 Interactive Shell Behavior</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What changes in a interactive shell?</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> <A NAME="What is an Interactive Shell?"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC79"></A> +<A NAME="SEC80"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 6.3.1 What is an Interactive Shell? </H3> -<!--docid::SEC79::--> +<!--docid::SEC80::--> <P> An interactive shell @@ -7344,20 +7585,20 @@ when an interactive shell is started. <A NAME="Is this Shell Interactive?"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC80"></A> +<A NAME="SEC81"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 6.3.2 Is this Shell Interactive? </H3> -<!--docid::SEC80::--> +<!--docid::SEC81::--> <P> To determine within a startup script whether or not Bash is @@ -7386,20 +7627,20 @@ fi <A NAME="Interactive Shell Behavior"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC81"></A> +<A NAME="SEC82"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 6.3.3 Interactive Shell Behavior </H3> -<!--docid::SEC81::--> +<!--docid::SEC82::--> <P> When the shell is running interactively, it changes its behavior in @@ -7408,11 +7649,11 @@ several ways. <OL> <LI> -Startup files are read and executed as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>. +Startup files are read and executed as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC71">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>. <P> <LI> -Job Control (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>) is enabled by default. When job +Job Control (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7. Job Control</A>) is enabled by default. When job control is in effect, Bash ignores the keyboard-generated job control signals <CODE>SIGTTIN</CODE>, <CODE>SIGTTOU</CODE>, and <CODE>SIGTSTP</CODE>. <P> @@ -7426,69 +7667,69 @@ second and subsequent lines of a multi-line command. <LI> Bash executes the value of the <CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE> variable as a command before printing the primary prompt, <CODE>$PS1</CODE> -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>). <P> <LI> -Readline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>) is used to read commands from +Readline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8. Command Line Editing</A>) is used to read commands from the user's terminal. <P> <LI> Bash inspects the value of the <CODE>ignoreeof</CODE> option to <CODE>set -o</CODE> instead of exiting immediately when it receives an <CODE>EOF</CODE> on its -standard input when reading a command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). +standard input when reading a command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). <P> <LI> -Command history (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>) -and history expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>) +Command history (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>) +and history expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>) are enabled by default. Bash will save the command history to the file named by <CODE>$HISTFILE</CODE> when an interactive shell exits. <P> <LI> -Alias expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>) is performed by default. +Alias expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>) is performed by default. <P> <LI> In the absence of any traps, Bash ignores <CODE>SIGTERM</CODE> -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.6 Signals</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.7.6 Signals</A>). <P> <LI> In the absence of any traps, <CODE>SIGINT</CODE> is caught and handled -((see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.6 Signals</A>). +((see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.7.6 Signals</A>). <CODE>SIGINT</CODE> will interrupt some shell builtins. <P> <LI> An interactive login shell sends a <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> to all jobs on exit -if the <CODE>huponexit</CODE> shell option has been enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.6 Signals</A>). +if the <CODE>huponexit</CODE> shell option has been enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.7.6 Signals</A>). <P> <LI> The <SAMP>`-n'</SAMP> invocation option is ignored, and <SAMP>`set -n'</SAMP> has -no effect (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). +no effect (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). <P> <LI> Bash will check for mail periodically, depending on the values of the <CODE>MAIL</CODE>, <CODE>MAILPATH</CODE>, and <CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE> shell variables -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>). <P> <LI> Expansion errors due to references to unbound shell variables after <SAMP>`set -u'</SAMP> has been enabled will not cause the shell to exit -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). <P> <LI> The shell will not exit on expansion errors caused by <VAR>var</VAR> being unset or null in <CODE>${<VAR>var</VAR>:?<VAR>word</VAR>}</CODE> expansions -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>). <P> <LI> @@ -7498,12 +7739,12 @@ shell to exit. <LI> When running in POSIX mode, a special builtin returning an error -status will not cause the shell to exit (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>). +status will not cause the shell to exit (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>). <P> <LI> A failed <CODE>exec</CODE> will not cause the shell to exit -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). <P> <LI> @@ -7513,13 +7754,13 @@ Parser syntax errors will not cause the shell to exit. <LI> Simple spelling correction for directory arguments to the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin is enabled by default (see the description of the <CODE>cdspell</CODE> -option to the <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>). +option to the <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>). <P> <LI> The shell will check the value of the <CODE>TMOUT</CODE> variable and exit if a command is not read within the specified number of seconds after -printing <CODE>$PS1</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>). +printing <CODE>$PS1</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>). <P> </OL> @@ -7527,20 +7768,20 @@ printing <CODE>$PS1</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Va <A NAME="Bash Conditional Expressions"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC82"></A> +<A NAME="SEC83"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions </H2> -<!--docid::SEC82::--> +<!--docid::SEC83::--> <P> Conditional expressions are used by the <CODE>[[</CODE> compound command @@ -7557,8 +7798,9 @@ If the <VAR>file</VAR> argument to one of the primaries is one of descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked. </P><P> -When used with <SAMP>`[['</SAMP>, The <SAMP>`<'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`>'</SAMP> operators sort +When used with <SAMP>`[['</SAMP>, the <SAMP>`<'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`>'</SAMP> operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. +The <CODE>test</CODE> command uses ASCII ordering. </P><P> Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow symbolic @@ -7630,10 +7872,6 @@ links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself. <DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists and is executable. <P> -<DT><CODE>-O <VAR>file</VAR></CODE> -<DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists and is owned by the effective user id. -<P> - <DT><CODE>-G <VAR>file</VAR></CODE> <DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists and is owned by the effective group id. <P> @@ -7642,12 +7880,21 @@ links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself. <DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists and is a symbolic link. <P> +<DT><CODE>-N <VAR>file</VAR></CODE> +<DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists and has been modified since it was last read. +<P> + +<DT><CODE>-O <VAR>file</VAR></CODE> +<DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists and is owned by the effective user id. +<P> + <DT><CODE>-S <VAR>file</VAR></CODE> <DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists and is a socket. <P> -<DT><CODE>-N <VAR>file</VAR></CODE> -<DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists and has been modified since it was last read. +<DT><CODE><VAR>file1</VAR> -ef <VAR>file2</VAR></CODE> +<DD>True if <VAR>file1</VAR> and <VAR>file2</VAR> refer to the same device and +inode numbers. <P> <DT><CODE><VAR>file1</VAR> -nt <VAR>file2</VAR></CODE> @@ -7660,15 +7907,14 @@ than <VAR>file2</VAR>, or if <VAR>file1</VAR> exists and <VAR>file2</VAR> does n or if <VAR>file2</VAR> exists and <VAR>file1</VAR> does not. <P> -<DT><CODE><VAR>file1</VAR> -ef <VAR>file2</VAR></CODE> -<DD>True if <VAR>file1</VAR> and <VAR>file2</VAR> refer to the same device and -inode numbers. -<P> - <DT><CODE>-o <VAR>optname</VAR></CODE> -<DD>True if shell option <VAR>optname</VAR> is enabled. +<DD>True if the shell option <VAR>optname</VAR> is enabled. The list of options appears in the description of the <SAMP>`-o'</SAMP> -option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). +option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). +<P> + +<DT><CODE>-v <VAR>varname</VAR></CODE> +<DD>True if the shell variable <VAR>varname</VAR> is set (has been assigned a value). <P> <DT><CODE>-z <VAR>string</VAR></CODE> @@ -7713,20 +7959,20 @@ may be positive or negative integers. <A NAME="Shell Arithmetic"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC83"></A> +<A NAME="SEC84"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 6.5 Shell Arithmetic </H2> -<!--docid::SEC83::--> +<!--docid::SEC84::--> <P> The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, as one of @@ -7828,13 +8074,13 @@ The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the <VAR>integer</VAR> attribute using <SAMP>`declare -i'</SAMP> is assigned a value. A null value evaluates to 0. -A shell variable need not have its integer attribute turned on +A shell variable need not have its <VAR>integer</VAR> attribute turned on to be used in an expression. </P><P> Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers. A leading <SAMP>`0x'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`0X'</SAMP> denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, -numbers take the form [<VAR>base</VAR><CODE>#</CODE>]<VAR>n</VAR>, where <VAR>base</VAR> +numbers take the form [<VAR>base</VAR><CODE>#</CODE>]<VAR>n</VAR>, where the optional <VAR>base</VAR> is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing the arithmetic base, and <VAR>n</VAR> is a number in that base. If <VAR>base</VAR><CODE>#</CODE> is omitted, then base 10 is used. @@ -7852,20 +8098,20 @@ rules above. <A NAME="Aliases"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC84"></A> +<A NAME="SEC85"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 6.6 Aliases </H2> -<!--docid::SEC84::--> +<!--docid::SEC85::--> <P> <VAR>Aliases</VAR> allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used @@ -7899,12 +8145,12 @@ command, and removed with the <CODE>unalias</CODE> command. There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text, as in <CODE>csh</CODE>. If arguments are needed, a shell function should be used -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.3 Shell Functions</A>). </P><P> Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the <CODE>expand_aliases</CODE> shell option is set using -<CODE>shopt</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>). +<CODE>shopt</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>). </P><P> The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are @@ -7932,20 +8178,20 @@ For almost every purpose, shell functions are preferred over aliases. <A NAME="Arrays"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC85"></A> +<A NAME="SEC86"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 6.7 Arrays </H2> -<!--docid::SEC85::--> +<!--docid::SEC86::--> <P> Bash provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables. @@ -7955,7 +8201,7 @@ There is no maximum limit on the size of an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned contiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including arithmetic -expressions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>) and are zero-based; +expressions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>) and are zero-based; associative arrays use arbitrary strings. </P><P> @@ -7965,8 +8211,11 @@ using the syntax </pre></td></tr></table></P><P> The <VAR>subscript</VAR> -is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number -greater than or equal to zero. To explicitly declare an array, use +is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number. +If <VAR>subscript</VAR> evaluates to a number less than zero, it is used as +an offset from one greater than the array's maximum index (so a subcript +of -1 refers to the last element of the array). +To explicitly declare an array, use <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>declare -a <VAR>name</VAR> </pre></td></tr></table>The syntax <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>declare -a <VAR>name</VAR>[<VAR>subscript</VAR>] @@ -8056,24 +8305,24 @@ reused as input. <A NAME="The Directory Stack"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC86"></A> +<A NAME="SEC87"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 6.8 The Directory Stack </H2> -<!--docid::SEC86::--> +<!--docid::SEC87::--> <P> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Bash builtin commands to manipulate +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Bash builtin commands to manipulate the directory stack.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> @@ -8092,26 +8341,26 @@ as the value of the <CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE> shell variable. <A NAME="Directory Stack Builtins"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC87"></A> +<A NAME="SEC88"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins </H3> -<!--docid::SEC87::--> +<!--docid::SEC88::--> <P> <DL COMPACT> <DT><CODE>dirs</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX290"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX302"></A> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>dirs [+<VAR>N</VAR> | -<VAR>N</VAR>] [-clpv] </pre></td></tr></table>Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories are added to the list with the <CODE>pushd</CODE> command; the @@ -8140,7 +8389,7 @@ line, prefixing each entry with its index in the stack. <P> <DT><CODE>popd</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX291"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX303"></A> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>popd [+<VAR>N</VAR> | -<VAR>N</VAR>] [-n] </pre></td></tr></table><P> @@ -8164,7 +8413,7 @@ from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. </DL> <P> -<A NAME="IDX292"></A> +<A NAME="IDX304"></A> <DT><CODE>pushd</CODE> <DD><TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>pushd [-n] [<VAR>+N</VAR> | <VAR>-N</VAR> | <VAR>dir</VAR> ] </pre></td></tr></table><P> @@ -8198,20 +8447,20 @@ executes the equivalent of `<CODE>cd</CODE> <VAR>dir</VAR>'. <A NAME="Printing a Prompt"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC88"></A> +<A NAME="SEC89"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 6.9 Controlling the Prompt </H2> -<!--docid::SEC88::--> +<!--docid::SEC89::--> <P> The value of the variable <CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE> is examined just before @@ -8290,7 +8539,7 @@ embed a terminal control sequence into the prompt. The command number and the history number are usually different: the history number of a command is its position in the history list, which may include commands restored from the history file -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>), while the command number is +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>), while the command number is the position in the sequence of commands executed during the current shell session. </P><P> @@ -8298,25 +8547,25 @@ shell session. After the string is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of the -<CODE>promptvars</CODE> shell option (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). +<CODE>promptvars</CODE> shell option (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). </P><P> <A NAME="The Restricted Shell"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC89"></A> +<A NAME="SEC90"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC71"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 6.10 The Restricted Shell </H2> -<!--docid::SEC89::--> +<!--docid::SEC90::--> <P> If Bash is started with the name <CODE>rbash</CODE>, or the @@ -8369,26 +8618,26 @@ These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read. </P><P> When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>), <CODE>rbash</CODE> turns off any restrictions in +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>), <CODE>rbash</CODE> turns off any restrictions in the shell spawned to execute the script. </P><P> <A NAME="Bash POSIX Mode"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC90"></A> +<A NAME="SEC91"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC71"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 6.11 Bash POSIX Mode </H2> -<!--docid::SEC90::--> +<!--docid::SEC91::--> <P> Starting Bash with the <SAMP>`--posix'</SAMP> command-line option or executing @@ -8476,6 +8725,12 @@ results in an invalid expression. <P> <LI> +Non-interactive shells exit if there is a syntax error in a script read +with the <CODE>.</CODE> or <CODE>source</CODE> builtins, or in a string processed by +the <CODE>eval</CODE> builtin. +<P> + +<LI> Redirection operators do not perform filename expansion on the word in the redirection unless the shell is interactive. <P> @@ -8498,6 +8753,26 @@ during command lookup. <P> <LI> +The <CODE>time</CODE> reserved word may be used by itself as a command. When +used in this way, it displays timing statistics for the shell and its +completed children. The <CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE> variable controls the format +of the timing information. +<P> + +<LI> +When parsing and expanding a ${<small>...</small>} expansion that appears within +double quotes, single quotes are no longer special and cannot be used to +quote a closing brace or other special character, unless the operator is +one of those defined to perform pattern removal. In this case, they do +not have to appear as matched pairs. +<P> + +<LI> +The parser does not recognize <CODE>time</CODE> as a reserved word if the next +token begins with a <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>. +<P> + +<LI> If a POSIX special builtin returns an error status, a non-interactive shell exits. The fatal errors are those listed in the POSIX standard, and include things like passing incorrect options, @@ -8506,15 +8781,6 @@ the command name, and so on. <P> <LI> -If <CODE>CDPATH</CODE> is set, the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin will not implicitly -append the current directory to it. This means that <CODE>cd</CODE> will -fail if no valid directory name can be constructed from -any of the entries in <CODE>$CDPATH</CODE>, even if the a directory with -the same name as the name given as an argument to <CODE>cd</CODE> exists -in the current directory. -<P> - -<LI> A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable assignment error occurs when no command name follows the assignment statements. @@ -8523,6 +8789,12 @@ a value to a readonly variable. <P> <LI> +A non-interactive shell exists with an error status if a variable +assignment error occurs in an assignment statement preceding a special +builtin, but not with any other simple command. +<P> + +<LI> A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the iteration variable in a <CODE>for</CODE> statement or the selection variable in a <CODE>select</CODE> statement is a readonly variable. @@ -8602,11 +8874,6 @@ falling back to <VAR>physical</VAR> mode. <P> <LI> -When the <CODE>pwd</CODE> builtin is supplied the <SAMP>`-P'</SAMP> option, it resets -<CODE>$PWD</CODE> to a pathname containing no symlinks. -<P> - -<LI> The <CODE>pwd</CODE> builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as the current directory, even if it is not asked to check the file system with the <SAMP>`-P'</SAMP> option. @@ -8676,25 +8943,25 @@ the <CODE>echo</CODE> builtin to be fully conformant. Bash can be configured to be POSIX-conformant by default, by specifying the <SAMP>`--enable-strict-posix-default'</SAMP> to <CODE>configure</CODE> when building -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">10.8 Optional Features</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">10.8 Optional Features</A>). </P><P> <A NAME="Job Control"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC91"></A> +<A NAME="SEC92"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> << </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H1> 7. Job Control </H1> -<!--docid::SEC91::--> +<!--docid::SEC92::--> <P> This chapter discusses what job control is, how it works, and how @@ -8702,30 +8969,30 @@ Bash allows you to access its facilities. </P><P> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How job control works.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Bash builtin commands used to interact +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How job control works.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Bash builtin commands used to interact with job control.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Variables Bash uses to customize job +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Variables Bash uses to customize job control.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> <A NAME="Job Control Basics"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC92"></A> +<A NAME="SEC93"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 7.1 Job Control Basics </H2> -<!--docid::SEC92::--> +<!--docid::SEC93::--> <P> Job control @@ -8819,13 +9086,13 @@ Normally, Bash waits until it is about to print a prompt before reporting changes in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the <SAMP>`-b'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin is enabled, -Bash reports such changes immediately (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). +Bash reports such changes immediately (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). Any trap on <CODE>SIGCHLD</CODE> is executed for each child process that exits. </P><P> If an attempt to exit Bash is made while jobs are stopped, (or running, if -the <CODE>checkjobs</CODE> option is enabled -- see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), the +the <CODE>checkjobs</CODE> option is enabled -- see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), the shell prints a warning message, and if the <CODE>checkjobs</CODE> option is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The <CODE>jobs</CODE> command may then be used to inspect their status. @@ -8835,26 +9102,26 @@ Bash does not print another warning, and any stopped jobs are terminated. <A NAME="Job Control Builtins"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC93"></A> +<A NAME="SEC94"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 7.2 Job Control Builtins </H2> -<!--docid::SEC93::--> +<!--docid::SEC94::--> <P> <DL COMPACT> <DT><CODE>bg</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX293"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX305"></A> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>bg [<VAR>jobspec</VAR> <small>...</small>] </pre></td></tr></table>Resume each suspended job <VAR>jobspec</VAR> in the background, as if it had been started with <SAMP>`&'</SAMP>. @@ -8866,7 +9133,7 @@ that was started without job control. <P> <DT><CODE>fg</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX294"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX306"></A> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>fg [<VAR>jobspec</VAR>] </pre></td></tr></table>Resume the job <VAR>jobspec</VAR> in the foreground and make it the current job. If <VAR>jobspec</VAR> is not supplied, the current job is used. @@ -8877,7 +9144,7 @@ job control enabled, <VAR>jobspec</VAR> does not specify a valid job or <P> <DT><CODE>jobs</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX295"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX307"></A> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>jobs [-lnprs] [<VAR>jobspec</VAR>] jobs -x <VAR>command</VAR> [<VAR>arguments</VAR>] </pre></td></tr></table><P> @@ -8922,7 +9189,7 @@ passing it <VAR>argument</VAR>s, returning its exit status. </P><P> <DT><CODE>kill</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX296"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX308"></A> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>kill [-s <VAR>sigspec</VAR>] [-n <VAR>signum</VAR>] [-<VAR>sigspec</VAR>] <VAR>jobspec</VAR> or <VAR>pid</VAR> kill -l [<VAR>exit_status</VAR>] </pre></td></tr></table>Send a signal specified by <VAR>sigspec</VAR> or <VAR>signum</VAR> to the process @@ -8942,7 +9209,7 @@ or non-zero if an error occurs or an invalid option is encountered. <P> <DT><CODE>wait</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX297"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX309"></A> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>wait [<VAR>jobspec</VAR> or <VAR>pid</VAR> ...] </pre></td></tr></table>Wait until the child process specified by each process ID <VAR>pid</VAR> or job specification <VAR>jobspec</VAR> exits and return the exit status of the @@ -8955,7 +9222,7 @@ of the shell, the return status is 127. <P> <DT><CODE>disown</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX298"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX310"></A> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>disown [-ar] [-h] [<VAR>jobspec</VAR> <small>...</small>] </pre></td></tr></table>Without options, each <VAR>jobspec</VAR> is removed from the table of active jobs. @@ -8970,7 +9237,7 @@ argument restricts operation to running jobs. <P> <DT><CODE>suspend</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX299"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX311"></A> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>suspend [-f] </pre></td></tr></table>Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a <CODE>SIGCONT</CODE> signal. @@ -8988,27 +9255,27 @@ supplied process IDs. <A NAME="Job Control Variables"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC94"></A> +<A NAME="SEC95"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 7.3 Job Control Variables </H2> -<!--docid::SEC94::--> +<!--docid::SEC95::--> <P> <DL COMPACT> -<A NAME="IDX300"></A> +<A NAME="IDX312"></A> <DT><CODE>auto_resume</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX301"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX313"></A> This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and job control. If this variable exists then single word simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates for resumption @@ -9021,7 +9288,7 @@ the string supplied must match the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to <SAMP>`substring'</SAMP>, the string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a stopped job. The <SAMP>`substring'</SAMP> value provides functionality -analogous to the <SAMP>`%?'</SAMP> job ID (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.1 Job Control Basics</A>). +analogous to the <SAMP>`%?'</SAMP> job ID (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.1 Job Control Basics</A>). If set to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a stopped job's name; this provides functionality analogous to the <SAMP>`%'</SAMP> job ID. @@ -9030,25 +9297,25 @@ analogous to the <SAMP>`%'</SAMP> job ID. </DL> <P> -<A NAME="IDX302"></A> +<A NAME="IDX314"></A> </P><P> <A NAME="Command Line Editing"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC95"></A> +<A NAME="SEC96"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> << </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H1> 8. Command Line Editing </H1> -<!--docid::SEC95::--> +<!--docid::SEC96::--> <P> This chapter describes the basic features of the GNU @@ -9058,46 +9325,46 @@ used by several different programs, including Bash. Command line editing is enabled by default when using an interactive shell, unless the <SAMP>`--noediting'</SAMP> option is supplied at shell invocation. Line editing is also used when using the <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> option to the -<CODE>read</CODE> builtin command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). -By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of emacs. +<CODE>read</CODE> builtin command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). +By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs. A vi-style line editing interface is also available. Line editing can be enabled at any time using the <SAMP>`-o emacs'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`-o vi'</SAMP> options to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin command -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), or disabled using the <SAMP>`+o emacs'</SAMP> or +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), or disabled using the <SAMP>`+o emacs'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`+o vi'</SAMP> options to <CODE>set</CODE>. </P><P> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8.1 Introduction to Line Editing</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Notation used in this text.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">8.2 Readline Interaction</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The minimum set of commands for editing a line.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3 Readline Init File</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Customizing Readline from a user's view.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A description of most of the Readline commands +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">8.1 Introduction to Line Editing</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Notation used in this text.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2 Readline Interaction</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The minimum set of commands for editing a line.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3 Readline Init File</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Customizing Readline from a user's view.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A description of most of the Readline commands available for binding</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.5 Readline vi Mode</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A short description of how to make Readline +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.5 Readline vi Mode</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A short description of how to make Readline behave like the vi editor.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to specify the possible completions for +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to specify the possible completions for a specific command.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtin commands to specify how to +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtin commands to specify how to complete arguments for a particular command.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> <A NAME="Introduction and Notation"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC96"></A> +<A NAME="SEC97"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 8.1 Introduction to Line Editing </H2> -<!--docid::SEC96::--> +<!--docid::SEC97::--> <P> The following paragraphs describe the notation used to represent @@ -9134,7 +9401,7 @@ character produced by <EM>metafying</EM> <KBD>C-k</KBD>. In addition, several keys have their own names. Specifically, <KBD>DEL</KBD>, <KBD>ESC</KBD>, <KBD>LFD</KBD>, <KBD>SPC</KBD>, <KBD>RET</KBD>, and <KBD>TAB</KBD> all stand for themselves when seen in this text, or in an init file -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3 Readline Init File</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3 Readline Init File</A>). If your keyboard lacks a <KBD>LFD</KBD> key, typing <KBD>C-j</KBD> will produce the desired character. The <KBD>RET</KBD> key may be labeled <KBD>Return</KBD> or <KBD>Enter</KBD> on @@ -9143,20 +9410,20 @@ some keyboards. <A NAME="Readline Interaction"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC97"></A> +<A NAME="SEC98"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 8.2 Readline Interaction </H2> -<!--docid::SEC97::--> +<!--docid::SEC98::--> <P> Often during an interactive session you type in a long line of text, @@ -9172,30 +9439,30 @@ regardless of the location of the cursor within the line. </P><P> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The least you need to know about Readline.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.2 Readline Movement Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Moving about the input line.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to delete text, and how to get it back!</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.4 Readline Arguments</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Giving numeric arguments to commands.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Searching through previous lines.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The least you need to know about Readline.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.2 Readline Movement Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Moving about the input line.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to delete text, and how to get it back!</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.2.4 Readline Arguments</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Giving numeric arguments to commands.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Searching through previous lines.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> <A NAME="Readline Bare Essentials"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC98"></A> +<A NAME="SEC99"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials </H3> -<!--docid::SEC98::--> +<!--docid::SEC99::--> <P> In order to enter characters into the line, simply type them. The typed @@ -9244,20 +9511,20 @@ than the character to the left of the cursor.) <A NAME="Readline Movement Commands"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC99"></A> +<A NAME="SEC100"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 8.2.2 Readline Movement Commands </H3> -<!--docid::SEC99::--> +<!--docid::SEC100::--> <P> The above table describes the most basic keystrokes that you need @@ -9288,24 +9555,24 @@ operate on characters while meta keystrokes operate on words. <A NAME="Readline Killing Commands"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC100"></A> +<A NAME="SEC101"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands </H3> -<!--docid::SEC100::--> +<!--docid::SEC101::--> <P> -<A NAME="IDX303"></A> -<A NAME="IDX304"></A> +<A NAME="IDX315"></A> +<A NAME="IDX316"></A> </P><P> <EM>Killing</EM> text means to delete the text from the line, but to save @@ -9325,7 +9592,7 @@ that when you yank it back, you get it all. The kill ring is not line specific; the text that you killed on a previously typed line is available to be yanked back later, when you are typing another line. -<A NAME="IDX305"></A> +<A NAME="IDX317"></A> </P><P> Here is the list of commands for killing text. @@ -9373,20 +9640,20 @@ the prior command is <KBD>C-y</KBD> or <KBD>M-y</KBD>. <A NAME="Readline Arguments"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC101"></A> +<A NAME="SEC102"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 8.2.4 Readline Arguments </H3> -<!--docid::SEC101::--> +<!--docid::SEC102::--> <P> You can pass numeric arguments to Readline commands. Sometimes the @@ -9408,24 +9675,24 @@ which will delete the next ten characters on the input line. <A NAME="Searching"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC102"></A> +<A NAME="SEC103"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History </H3> -<!--docid::SEC102::--> +<!--docid::SEC103::--> <P> Readline provides commands for searching through the command history -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>) +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>) for lines containing a specified string. There are two search modes: <EM>incremental</EM> and <EM>non-incremental</EM>. </P><P> @@ -9471,20 +9738,20 @@ typed by the user or be part of the contents of the current line. <A NAME="Readline Init File"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC103"></A> +<A NAME="SEC104"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 8.3 Readline Init File </H2> -<!--docid::SEC103::--> +<!--docid::SEC104::--> <P> Although the Readline library comes with a set of Emacs-like @@ -9508,43 +9775,43 @@ incorporating any changes that you might have made to it. </P><P> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Syntax for the commands in the inputrc file.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Syntax for the commands in the inputrc file.</TD></TR> </TABLE> <br> <TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Conditional key bindings in the inputrc file.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Conditional key bindings in the inputrc file.</TD></TR> </TABLE> <br> <TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.3.3 Sample Init File</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">An example inputrc file.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.3.3 Sample Init File</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">An example inputrc file.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> <A NAME="Readline Init File Syntax"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC104"></A> +<A NAME="SEC105"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax </H3> -<!--docid::SEC104::--> +<!--docid::SEC105::--> <P> There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the Readline init file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a <SAMP>`#'</SAMP> are comments. Lines beginning with a <SAMP>`$'</SAMP> indicate conditional -constructs (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A>). Other lines +constructs (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A>). Other lines denote variable settings and key bindings. </P><P> @@ -9577,18 +9844,18 @@ value results in the variable being set to off. </P><P> The <CODE>bind -V</CODE> command lists the current Readline variable names -and values. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>. +and values. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>. </P><P> A great deal of run-time behavior is changeable with the following variables. </P><P> -<A NAME="IDX306"></A> +<A NAME="IDX318"></A> <DL COMPACT> <DT><CODE>bell-style</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX307"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX319"></A> Controls what happens when Readline wants to ring the terminal bell. If set to <SAMP>`none'</SAMP>, Readline never rings the bell. If set to <SAMP>`visible'</SAMP>, Readline uses a visible bell if one is available. @@ -9597,27 +9864,45 @@ the terminal's bell. <P> <DT><CODE>bind-tty-special-chars</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX308"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX320"></A> If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline attempts to bind the control characters treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to their Readline equivalents. <P> <DT><CODE>comment-begin</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX309"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX321"></A> The string to insert at the beginning of the line when the <CODE>insert-comment</CODE> command is executed. The default value is <CODE>"#"</CODE>. <P> +<DT><CODE>completion-display-width</CODE> +<DD><A NAME="IDX322"></A> +The number of screen columns used to display possible matches +when performing completion. +The value is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the terminal +screen width. +A value of 0 will cause matches to be displayed one per line. +The default value is -1. +<P> + <DT><CODE>completion-ignore-case</CODE> -<DD>If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline performs filename matching and completion +<DD><A NAME="IDX323"></A> +If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline performs filename matching and completion in a case-insensitive fashion. The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. <P> +<DT><CODE>completion-map-case</CODE> +<DD><A NAME="IDX324"></A> +If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, and <VAR>completion-ignore-case</VAR> is enabled, Readline +treats hyphens (<SAMP>`-'</SAMP>) and underscores (<SAMP>`_'</SAMP>) as equivalent when +performing case-insensitive filename matching and completion. +<P> + <DT><CODE>completion-prefix-display-length</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX310"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX325"></A> The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of possible completions that is displayed without modification. When set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than this value are @@ -9625,7 +9910,7 @@ replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions. <P> <DT><CODE>completion-query-items</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX311"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX326"></A> The number of possible completions that determines when the user is asked whether the list of possibilities should be displayed. If the number of possible completions is greater than this value, @@ -9637,7 +9922,7 @@ The default limit is <CODE>100</CODE>. <P> <DT><CODE>convert-meta</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX312"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX327"></A> If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will convert characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth bit and prefixing an <KBD>ESC</KBD> character, converting them to a @@ -9645,14 +9930,14 @@ meta-prefixed key sequence. The default value is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>. <P> <DT><CODE>disable-completion</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX313"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX328"></A> If set to <SAMP>`On'</SAMP>, Readline will inhibit word completion. Completion characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been mapped to <CODE>self-insert</CODE>. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. <P> <DT><CODE>editing-mode</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX314"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX329"></A> The <CODE>editing-mode</CODE> variable controls which default set of key bindings is used. By default, Readline starts up in Emacs editing mode, where the keystrokes are most similar to Emacs. This variable can be @@ -9666,7 +9951,7 @@ keyboard. The default is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>. <P> <DT><CODE>enable-keypad</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX315"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX330"></A> When set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will try to enable the application keypad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the arrow keys. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. @@ -9680,13 +9965,13 @@ The default is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>. <P> <DT><CODE>expand-tilde</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX316"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX331"></A> If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, tilde expansion is performed when Readline attempts word completion. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. <P> <DT><CODE>history-preserve-point</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX317"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX332"></A> If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, the history code attempts to place the point (the current cursor position) at the same location on each history line retrieved with <CODE>previous-history</CODE> @@ -9694,13 +9979,13 @@ or <CODE>next-history</CODE>. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. <P> <DT><CODE>history-size</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX318"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX333"></A> Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history list. If set to zero, the number of entries in the history list is not limited. <P> <DT><CODE>horizontal-scroll-mode</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX319"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX334"></A> This variable can be set to either <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. Setting it to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> means that the text of the lines being edited will scroll horizontally on a single screen line when they are longer than the width @@ -9709,8 +9994,8 @@ this variable is set to <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. <P> <DT><CODE>input-meta</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX320"></A> -<A NAME="IDX321"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX335"></A> +<A NAME="IDX336"></A> If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will enable eight-bit input (it will not clear the eighth bit in the characters it reads), regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The @@ -9719,15 +10004,15 @@ synonym for this variable. <P> <DT><CODE>isearch-terminators</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX322"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX337"></A> The string of characters that should terminate an incremental search without -subsequently executing the character as a command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A>). +subsequently executing the character as a command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A>). If this variable has not been given a value, the characters <KBD>ESC</KBD> and <KBD>C-J</KBD> will terminate an incremental search. <P> <DT><CODE>keymap</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX323"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX338"></A> Sets Readline's idea of the current keymap for key binding commands. Acceptable <CODE>keymap</CODE> names are <CODE>emacs</CODE>, @@ -9750,14 +10035,14 @@ appended. The default is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>. <P> <DT><CODE>mark-modified-lines</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX324"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX339"></A> This variable, when set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, causes Readline to display an asterisk (<SAMP>`*'</SAMP>) at the start of history lines which have been modified. This variable is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP> by default. <P> <DT><CODE>mark-symlinked-directories</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX325"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX340"></A> If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, completed names which are symbolic links to directories have a slash appended (subject to the value of <CODE>mark-directories</CODE>). @@ -9765,23 +10050,31 @@ The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. <P> <DT><CODE>match-hidden-files</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX326"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX341"></A> This variable, when set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, causes Readline to match files whose names begin with a <SAMP>`.'</SAMP> (hidden files) when performing filename -completion, unless the leading <SAMP>`.'</SAMP> is +completion. +If set to <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>, the leading <SAMP>`.'</SAMP> must be supplied by the user in the filename to be completed. This variable is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> by default. <P> +<DT><CODE>menu-complete-display-prefix</CODE> +<DD><A NAME="IDX342"></A> +If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, menu completion displays the common prefix of the +list of possible completions (which may be empty) before cycling through +the list. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. +<P> + <DT><CODE>output-meta</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX327"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX343"></A> If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. <P> <DT><CODE>page-completions</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX328"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX344"></A> If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline uses an internal <CODE>more</CODE>-like pager to display a screenful of possible completions at a time. This variable is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> by default. @@ -9794,7 +10087,7 @@ The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. <P> <DT><CODE>revert-all-at-newline</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX329"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX345"></A> If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when <CODE>accept-line</CODE> is executed. By default, history lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists across @@ -9802,7 +10095,7 @@ calls to <CODE>readline</CODE>. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. <P> <DT><CODE>show-all-if-ambiguous</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX330"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX346"></A> This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, words which have more than one possible completion cause the @@ -9811,7 +10104,7 @@ The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. <P> <DT><CODE>show-all-if-unmodified</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX331"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX347"></A> This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in a fashion similar to <VAR>show-all-if-ambiguous</VAR>. If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, @@ -9823,7 +10116,7 @@ The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. <P> <DT><CODE>skip-completed-text</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX332"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX348"></A> If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, this alters the default completion behavior when inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled, readline @@ -9838,7 +10131,7 @@ The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. <P> <DT><CODE>visible-stats</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX333"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX349"></A> If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, a character denoting a file's type is appended to the filename when listing possible completions. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. @@ -9871,7 +10164,7 @@ to a string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a <VAR>macro</VAR>). The <CODE>bind -p</CODE> command displays Readline function names and bindings in a format that can put directly into an initialization file. -See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>. +See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>. </P><P> <DL COMPACT> @@ -9995,20 +10288,20 @@ insert a single <SAMP>`\'</SAMP> into the line: <A NAME="Conditional Init Constructs"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC105"></A> +<A NAME="SEC106"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs </H3> -<!--docid::SEC105::--> +<!--docid::SEC106::--> <P> Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional @@ -10080,20 +10373,20 @@ For example, the following directive reads from <TT>`/etc/inputrc'</TT>: <A NAME="Sample Init File"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC106"></A> +<A NAME="SEC107"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 8.3.3 Sample Init File </H3> -<!--docid::SEC106::--> +<!--docid::SEC107::--> <P> Here is an example of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This illustrates key @@ -10203,31 +10496,31 @@ $endif <A NAME="Bindable Readline Commands"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC107"></A> +<A NAME="SEC108"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 8.4 Bindable Readline Commands </H2> -<!--docid::SEC107::--> +<!--docid::SEC108::--> <P> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Moving about the line.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Getting at previous lines.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands for changing text.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands for killing and yanking.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Specifying numeric arguments, repeat counts.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Getting Readline to do the typing for you.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Saving and re-executing typed characters</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Other miscellaneous commands.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Moving about the line.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Getting at previous lines.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands for changing text.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands for killing and yanking.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Specifying numeric arguments, repeat counts.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Getting Readline to do the typing for you.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Saving and re-executing typed characters</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Other miscellaneous commands.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> @@ -10235,7 +10528,7 @@ This section describes Readline commands that may be bound to key sequences. You can list your key bindings by executing <CODE>bind -P</CODE> or, for a more terse format, suitable for an -<VAR>inputrc</VAR> file, <CODE>bind -p</CODE>. (See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>.) +<VAR>inputrc</VAR> file, <CODE>bind -p</CODE>. (See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>.) Command names without an accompanying key sequence are unbound by default. </P><P> @@ -10247,83 +10540,83 @@ The text between the point and mark is referred to as the <EM>region</EM>. <A NAME="Commands For Moving"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC108"></A> +<A NAME="SEC109"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 8.4.1 Commands For Moving </H3> -<!--docid::SEC108::--> +<!--docid::SEC109::--> <DL COMPACT> -<A NAME="IDX334"></A> +<A NAME="IDX350"></A> <DT><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX335"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX351"></A> Move to the start of the current line. <P> -<A NAME="IDX336"></A> +<A NAME="IDX352"></A> <DT><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX337"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX353"></A> Move to the end of the line. <P> -<A NAME="IDX338"></A> +<A NAME="IDX354"></A> <DT><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX339"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX355"></A> Move forward a character. <P> -<A NAME="IDX340"></A> +<A NAME="IDX356"></A> <DT><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX341"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX357"></A> Move back a character. <P> -<A NAME="IDX342"></A> +<A NAME="IDX358"></A> <DT><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX343"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX359"></A> Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of letters and digits. <P> -<A NAME="IDX344"></A> +<A NAME="IDX360"></A> <DT><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX345"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX361"></A> Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are composed of letters and digits. <P> -<A NAME="IDX346"></A> +<A NAME="IDX362"></A> <DT><CODE>shell-forward-word ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX347"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX363"></A> Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters. <P> -<A NAME="IDX348"></A> +<A NAME="IDX364"></A> <DT><CODE>shell-backward-word ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX349"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX365"></A> Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters. <P> -<A NAME="IDX350"></A> +<A NAME="IDX366"></A> <DT><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX351"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX367"></A> Clear the screen and redraw the current line, leaving the current line at the top of the screen. <P> -<A NAME="IDX352"></A> +<A NAME="IDX368"></A> <DT><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX353"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX369"></A> Refresh the current line. By default, this is unbound. <P> @@ -10332,26 +10625,26 @@ Refresh the current line. By default, this is unbound. <A NAME="Commands For History"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC109"></A> +<A NAME="SEC110"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History </H3> -<!--docid::SEC109::--> +<!--docid::SEC110::--> <P> <DL COMPACT> -<A NAME="IDX354"></A> +<A NAME="IDX370"></A> <DT><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX355"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX371"></A> Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the setting of @@ -10360,81 +10653,81 @@ If this line is a modified history line, then restore the history line to its original state. <P> -<A NAME="IDX356"></A> +<A NAME="IDX372"></A> <DT><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX357"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX373"></A> Move `back' through the history list, fetching the previous command. <P> -<A NAME="IDX358"></A> +<A NAME="IDX374"></A> <DT><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX359"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX375"></A> Move `forward' through the history list, fetching the next command. <P> -<A NAME="IDX360"></A> +<A NAME="IDX376"></A> <DT><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-<)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX361"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX377"></A> Move to the first line in the history. <P> -<A NAME="IDX362"></A> +<A NAME="IDX378"></A> <DT><CODE>end-of-history (M->)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX363"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX379"></A> Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently being entered. <P> -<A NAME="IDX364"></A> +<A NAME="IDX380"></A> <DT><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX365"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX381"></A> Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. <P> -<A NAME="IDX366"></A> +<A NAME="IDX382"></A> <DT><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX367"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX383"></A> Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' through the the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. <P> -<A NAME="IDX368"></A> +<A NAME="IDX384"></A> <DT><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX369"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX385"></A> Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' through the history as necessary using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. <P> -<A NAME="IDX370"></A> +<A NAME="IDX386"></A> <DT><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX371"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX387"></A> Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' through the the history as necessary using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. <P> -<A NAME="IDX372"></A> +<A NAME="IDX388"></A> <DT><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX373"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX389"></A> Search forward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the point. This is a non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound. <P> -<A NAME="IDX374"></A> +<A NAME="IDX390"></A> <DT><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX375"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX391"></A> Search backward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the point. This is a non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound. <P> -<A NAME="IDX376"></A> +<A NAME="IDX392"></A> <DT><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX377"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX393"></A> Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the second word on the previous line) at point. With an argument <VAR>n</VAR>, @@ -10445,14 +10738,18 @@ Once the argument <VAR>n</VAR> is computed, the argument is extracted as if the <SAMP>`!<VAR>n</VAR>'</SAMP> history expansion had been specified. <P> -<A NAME="IDX378"></A> +<A NAME="IDX394"></A> <DT><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX379"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX395"></A> Insert last argument to the previous command (the last word of the -previous history entry). With an -argument, behave exactly like <CODE>yank-nth-arg</CODE>. +previous history entry). +With a numeric argument, behave exactly like <CODE>yank-nth-arg</CODE>. Successive calls to <CODE>yank-last-arg</CODE> move back through the history -list, inserting the last argument of each line in turn. +list, inserting the last word (or the word specified by the argument to +the first call) of each line in turn. +Any numeric argument supplied to these successive calls determines +the direction to move through the history. A negative argument switches +the direction through the history (back or forward). The history expansion facilities are used to extract the last argument, as if the <SAMP>`!$'</SAMP> history expansion had been specified. <P> @@ -10462,63 +10759,63 @@ as if the <SAMP>`!$'</SAMP> history expansion had been specified. <A NAME="Commands For Text"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC110"></A> +<A NAME="SEC111"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text </H3> -<!--docid::SEC110::--> +<!--docid::SEC111::--> <P> <DL COMPACT> -<A NAME="IDX380"></A> +<A NAME="IDX396"></A> <DT><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX381"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX397"></A> Delete the character at point. If point is at the beginning of the line, there are no characters in the line, and the last character typed was not bound to <CODE>delete-char</CODE>, then return EOF. <P> -<A NAME="IDX382"></A> +<A NAME="IDX398"></A> <DT><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX383"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX399"></A> Delete the character behind the cursor. A numeric argument means to kill the characters instead of deleting them. <P> -<A NAME="IDX384"></A> +<A NAME="IDX400"></A> <DT><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX385"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX401"></A> Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the character behind the cursor is deleted. By default, this is not bound to a key. <P> -<A NAME="IDX386"></A> +<A NAME="IDX402"></A> <DT><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX387"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX403"></A> Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how to insert key sequences like <KBD>C-q</KBD>, for example. <P> -<A NAME="IDX388"></A> +<A NAME="IDX404"></A> <DT><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX389"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX405"></A> Insert yourself. <P> -<A NAME="IDX390"></A> +<A NAME="IDX406"></A> <DT><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX391"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX407"></A> Drag the character before the cursor forward over the character at the cursor, moving the cursor forward as well. If the insertion point @@ -10527,39 +10824,39 @@ transposes the last two characters of the line. Negative arguments have no effect. <P> -<A NAME="IDX392"></A> +<A NAME="IDX408"></A> <DT><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX393"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX409"></A> Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving point past that word as well. If the insertion point is at the end of the line, this transposes the last two words on the line. <P> -<A NAME="IDX394"></A> +<A NAME="IDX410"></A> <DT><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX395"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX411"></A> Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, uppercase the previous word, but do not move the cursor. <P> -<A NAME="IDX396"></A> +<A NAME="IDX412"></A> <DT><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX397"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX413"></A> Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, lowercase the previous word, but do not move the cursor. <P> -<A NAME="IDX398"></A> +<A NAME="IDX414"></A> <DT><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX399"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX415"></A> Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, capitalize the previous word, but do not move the cursor. <P> -<A NAME="IDX400"></A> +<A NAME="IDX416"></A> <DT><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX401"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX417"></A> Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argument, switches to overwrite mode. With an explicit non-positive numeric argument, switches to insert mode. This command affects only @@ -10581,139 +10878,139 @@ By default, this command is unbound. <A NAME="Commands For Killing"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC111"></A> +<A NAME="SEC112"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 8.4.4 Killing And Yanking </H3> -<!--docid::SEC111::--> +<!--docid::SEC112::--> <P> <DL COMPACT> -<A NAME="IDX402"></A> +<A NAME="IDX418"></A> <DT><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX403"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX419"></A> Kill the text from point to the end of the line. <P> -<A NAME="IDX404"></A> +<A NAME="IDX420"></A> <DT><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX405"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX421"></A> Kill backward to the beginning of the line. <P> -<A NAME="IDX406"></A> +<A NAME="IDX422"></A> <DT><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX407"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX423"></A> Kill backward from the cursor to the beginning of the current line. <P> -<A NAME="IDX408"></A> +<A NAME="IDX424"></A> <DT><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX409"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX425"></A> Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is. By default, this is unbound. <P> -<A NAME="IDX410"></A> +<A NAME="IDX426"></A> <DT><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX411"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX427"></A> Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>forward-word</CODE>. <P> -<A NAME="IDX412"></A> +<A NAME="IDX428"></A> <DT><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX413"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX429"></A> Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>backward-word</CODE>. <P> -<A NAME="IDX414"></A> +<A NAME="IDX430"></A> <DT><CODE>shell-kill-word ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX415"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX431"></A> Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>shell-forward-word</CODE>. <P> -<A NAME="IDX416"></A> -<DT><CODE>backward-kill-word ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX417"></A> +<A NAME="IDX432"></A> +<DT><CODE>shell-backward-kill-word ()</CODE> +<DD><A NAME="IDX433"></A> Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>shell-backward-word</CODE>. <P> -<A NAME="IDX418"></A> +<A NAME="IDX434"></A> <DT><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX419"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX435"></A> Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word boundary. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. <P> -<A NAME="IDX420"></A> +<A NAME="IDX436"></A> <DT><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX421"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX437"></A> Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. <P> -<A NAME="IDX422"></A> +<A NAME="IDX438"></A> <DT><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX423"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX439"></A> Delete all spaces and tabs around point. By default, this is unbound. <P> -<A NAME="IDX424"></A> +<A NAME="IDX440"></A> <DT><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX425"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX441"></A> Kill the text in the current region. By default, this command is unbound. <P> -<A NAME="IDX426"></A> +<A NAME="IDX442"></A> <DT><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX427"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX443"></A> Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer, so it can be yanked right away. By default, this command is unbound. <P> -<A NAME="IDX428"></A> +<A NAME="IDX444"></A> <DT><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX429"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX445"></A> Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word boundaries are the same as <CODE>backward-word</CODE>. By default, this command is unbound. <P> -<A NAME="IDX430"></A> +<A NAME="IDX446"></A> <DT><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX431"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX447"></A> Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word boundaries are the same as <CODE>forward-word</CODE>. By default, this command is unbound. <P> -<A NAME="IDX432"></A> +<A NAME="IDX448"></A> <DT><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX433"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX449"></A> Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point. <P> -<A NAME="IDX434"></A> +<A NAME="IDX450"></A> <DT><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX435"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX451"></A> Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. You can only do this if the prior command is <CODE>yank</CODE> or <CODE>yank-pop</CODE>. </DL> @@ -10721,32 +11018,32 @@ the prior command is <CODE>yank</CODE> or <CODE>yank-pop</CODE>. <A NAME="Numeric Arguments"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC112"></A> +<A NAME="SEC113"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments </H3> -<!--docid::SEC112::--> +<!--docid::SEC113::--> <DL COMPACT> -<A NAME="IDX436"></A> +<A NAME="IDX452"></A> <DT><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX437"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX453"></A> Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new argument. <KBD>M--</KBD> starts a negative argument. <P> -<A NAME="IDX438"></A> +<A NAME="IDX454"></A> <DT><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX439"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX455"></A> This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits define the argument. @@ -10764,26 +11061,26 @@ By default, this is not bound to a key. <A NAME="Commands For Completion"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC113"></A> +<A NAME="SEC114"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You </H3> -<!--docid::SEC113::--> +<!--docid::SEC114::--> <P> <DL COMPACT> -<A NAME="IDX440"></A> +<A NAME="IDX456"></A> <DT><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX441"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX457"></A> Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. The actual completion performed is application-specific. Bash attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the @@ -10793,22 +11090,25 @@ command (including aliases and functions) in turn. If none of these produces a match, filename completion is attempted. <P> -<A NAME="IDX442"></A> +<A NAME="IDX458"></A> <DT><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX443"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX459"></A> List the possible completions of the text before point. +When displaying completions, Readline sets the number of columns used +for display to the value of <CODE>completion-display-width</CODE>, the value of +the environment variable <CODE>COLUMNS</CODE>, or the screen width, in that order. <P> -<A NAME="IDX444"></A> +<A NAME="IDX460"></A> <DT><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX445"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX461"></A> Insert all completions of the text before point that would have been generated by <CODE>possible-completions</CODE>. <P> -<A NAME="IDX446"></A> +<A NAME="IDX462"></A> <DT><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX447"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX463"></A> Similar to <CODE>complete</CODE>, but replaces the word to be completed with a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated execution of <CODE>menu-complete</CODE> steps through the list @@ -10823,17 +11123,17 @@ This command is intended to be bound to <KBD>TAB</KBD>, but is unbound by default. <P> -<A NAME="IDX448"></A> +<A NAME="IDX464"></A> <DT><CODE>menu-complete-backward ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX449"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX465"></A> Identical to <CODE>menu-complete</CODE>, but moves backward through the list of possible completions, as if <CODE>menu-complete</CODE> had been given a negative argument. <P> -<A NAME="IDX450"></A> +<A NAME="IDX466"></A> <DT><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX451"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX467"></A> Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning or end of the line (like <CODE>delete-char</CODE>). If at the end of the line, behaves identically to @@ -10841,64 +11141,64 @@ If at the end of the line, behaves identically to This command is unbound by default. <P> -<A NAME="IDX452"></A> +<A NAME="IDX468"></A> <DT><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX453"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX469"></A> Attempt filename completion on the text before point. <P> -<A NAME="IDX454"></A> +<A NAME="IDX470"></A> <DT><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX455"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX471"></A> List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a filename. <P> -<A NAME="IDX456"></A> +<A NAME="IDX472"></A> <DT><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX457"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX473"></A> Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a username. <P> -<A NAME="IDX458"></A> +<A NAME="IDX474"></A> <DT><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX459"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX475"></A> List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a username. <P> -<A NAME="IDX460"></A> +<A NAME="IDX476"></A> <DT><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX461"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX477"></A> Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a shell variable. <P> -<A NAME="IDX462"></A> +<A NAME="IDX478"></A> <DT><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX463"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX479"></A> List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a shell variable. <P> -<A NAME="IDX464"></A> +<A NAME="IDX480"></A> <DT><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX465"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX481"></A> Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a hostname. <P> -<A NAME="IDX466"></A> +<A NAME="IDX482"></A> <DT><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX467"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX483"></A> List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a hostname. <P> -<A NAME="IDX468"></A> +<A NAME="IDX484"></A> <DT><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX469"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX485"></A> Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a command name. Command completion attempts to match the text against aliases, reserved words, shell @@ -10906,35 +11206,35 @@ functions, shell builtins, and finally executable filenames, in that order. <P> -<A NAME="IDX470"></A> +<A NAME="IDX486"></A> <DT><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX471"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX487"></A> List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a command name. <P> -<A NAME="IDX472"></A> +<A NAME="IDX488"></A> <DT><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX473"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX489"></A> Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text against lines from the history list for possible completion matches. <P> -<A NAME="IDX474"></A> +<A NAME="IDX490"></A> <DT><CODE>dabbrev-expand ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX475"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX491"></A> Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the text against lines from the history list for possible completion matches. <P> -<A NAME="IDX476"></A> +<A NAME="IDX492"></A> <DT><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX477"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX493"></A> Perform filename completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the shell -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>). <P> </DL> @@ -10942,38 +11242,38 @@ enclosed within braces so the list is available to the shell <A NAME="Keyboard Macros"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC114"></A> +<A NAME="SEC115"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 8.4.7 Keyboard Macros </H3> -<!--docid::SEC114::--> +<!--docid::SEC115::--> <DL COMPACT> -<A NAME="IDX478"></A> +<A NAME="IDX494"></A> <DT><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX479"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX495"></A> Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro. <P> -<A NAME="IDX480"></A> +<A NAME="IDX496"></A> <DT><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX481"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX497"></A> Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro and save the definition. <P> -<A NAME="IDX482"></A> +<A NAME="IDX498"></A> <DT><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX483"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX499"></A> Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the characters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard. <P> @@ -10983,103 +11283,103 @@ in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard. <A NAME="Miscellaneous Commands"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC115"></A> +<A NAME="SEC116"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands </H3> -<!--docid::SEC115::--> +<!--docid::SEC116::--> <DL COMPACT> -<A NAME="IDX484"></A> +<A NAME="IDX500"></A> <DT><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX485"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX501"></A> Read in the contents of the <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file, and incorporate any bindings or variable assignments found there. <P> -<A NAME="IDX486"></A> +<A NAME="IDX502"></A> <DT><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX487"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX503"></A> Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of <CODE>bell-style</CODE>). <P> -<A NAME="IDX488"></A> +<A NAME="IDX504"></A> <DT><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX489"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX505"></A> If the metafied character <VAR>x</VAR> is lowercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding uppercase character. <P> -<A NAME="IDX490"></A> +<A NAME="IDX506"></A> <DT><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX491"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX507"></A> Metafy the next character typed. This is for keyboards without a meta key. Typing <SAMP>`<KBD>ESC</KBD> f'</SAMP> is equivalent to typing <KBD>M-f</KBD>. <P> -<A NAME="IDX492"></A> +<A NAME="IDX508"></A> <DT><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX493"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX509"></A> Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line. <P> -<A NAME="IDX494"></A> +<A NAME="IDX510"></A> <DT><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX495"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX511"></A> Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the <CODE>undo</CODE> command enough times to get back to the beginning. <P> -<A NAME="IDX496"></A> +<A NAME="IDX512"></A> <DT><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX497"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX513"></A> Perform tilde expansion on the current word. <P> -<A NAME="IDX498"></A> +<A NAME="IDX514"></A> <DT><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX499"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX515"></A> Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied, the mark is set to that position. <P> -<A NAME="IDX500"></A> +<A NAME="IDX516"></A> <DT><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX501"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX517"></A> Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved as the mark. <P> -<A NAME="IDX502"></A> +<A NAME="IDX518"></A> <DT><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX503"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX519"></A> A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of that character. A negative count searches for previous occurrences. <P> -<A NAME="IDX504"></A> +<A NAME="IDX520"></A> <DT><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX505"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX521"></A> A character is read and point is moved to the previous occurrence of that character. A negative count searches for subsequent occurrences. <P> -<A NAME="IDX506"></A> +<A NAME="IDX522"></A> <DT><CODE>skip-csi-sequence ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX507"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX523"></A> Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin with a Control Sequence Indicator (CSI), usually ESC-[. If this sequence is @@ -11089,9 +11389,9 @@ stray characters into the editing buffer. This is unbound by default, but usually bound to ESC-[. <P> -<A NAME="IDX508"></A> +<A NAME="IDX524"></A> <DT><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX509"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX525"></A> Without a numeric argument, the value of the <CODE>comment-begin</CODE> variable is inserted at the beginning of the current line. If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if @@ -11106,115 +11406,115 @@ If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be removed, the line will be executed by the shell. <P> -<A NAME="IDX510"></A> +<A NAME="IDX526"></A> <DT><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX511"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX527"></A> Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the Readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This command is unbound by default. <P> -<A NAME="IDX512"></A> +<A NAME="IDX528"></A> <DT><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX513"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX529"></A> Print all of the settable variables and their values to the Readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This command is unbound by default. <P> -<A NAME="IDX514"></A> +<A NAME="IDX530"></A> <DT><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX515"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX531"></A> Print all of the Readline key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This command is unbound by default. <P> -<A NAME="IDX516"></A> +<A NAME="IDX532"></A> <DT><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX517"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX533"></A> The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname expansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern is used to generate a list of matching file names for possible completions. <P> -<A NAME="IDX518"></A> +<A NAME="IDX534"></A> <DT><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX519"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX535"></A> The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname expansion, and the list of matching file names is inserted, replacing the word. If a numeric argument is supplied, a <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> is appended before pathname expansion. <P> -<A NAME="IDX520"></A> +<A NAME="IDX536"></A> <DT><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX521"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX537"></A> The list of expansions that would have been generated by <CODE>glob-expand-word</CODE> is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a numeric argument is supplied, a <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> is appended before pathname expansion. <P> -<A NAME="IDX522"></A> +<A NAME="IDX538"></A> <DT><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX523"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX539"></A> Display version information about the current instance of Bash. <P> -<A NAME="IDX524"></A> +<A NAME="IDX540"></A> <DT><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX525"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX541"></A> Expand the line as the shell does. This performs alias and history expansion as well as all of the shell -word expansions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>). +word expansions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>). <P> -<A NAME="IDX526"></A> +<A NAME="IDX542"></A> <DT><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX527"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX543"></A> Perform history expansion on the current line. <P> -<A NAME="IDX528"></A> +<A NAME="IDX544"></A> <DT><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX529"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX545"></A> Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a space -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>). <P> -<A NAME="IDX530"></A> +<A NAME="IDX546"></A> <DT><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX531"></A> -Perform alias expansion on the current line (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>). +<DD><A NAME="IDX547"></A> +Perform alias expansion on the current line (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>). <P> -<A NAME="IDX532"></A> +<A NAME="IDX548"></A> <DT><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX533"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX549"></A> Perform history and alias expansion on the current line. <P> -<A NAME="IDX534"></A> +<A NAME="IDX550"></A> <DT><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX535"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX551"></A> A synonym for <CODE>yank-last-arg</CODE>. <P> -<A NAME="IDX536"></A> +<A NAME="IDX552"></A> <DT><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX537"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX553"></A> Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any argument is ignored. <P> -<A NAME="IDX538"></A> +<A NAME="IDX554"></A> <DT><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX539"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX555"></A> Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the result as shell commands. Bash attempts to invoke @@ -11227,31 +11527,31 @@ as the editor, in that order. <A NAME="Readline vi Mode"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC116"></A> +<A NAME="SEC117"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 8.5 Readline vi Mode </H2> -<!--docid::SEC116::--> +<!--docid::SEC117::--> <P> While the Readline library does not have a full set of <CODE>vi</CODE> editing functions, it does contain enough to allow simple editing of the line. The Readline <CODE>vi</CODE> mode behaves as specified in -the POSIX 1003.2 standard. +the POSIX standard. </P><P> In order to switch interactively between <CODE>emacs</CODE> and <CODE>vi</CODE> editing modes, use the <SAMP>`set -o emacs'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`set -o vi'</SAMP> -commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). +commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). The Readline default is <CODE>emacs</CODE> mode. </P><P> @@ -11265,25 +11565,25 @@ so forth. <A NAME="Programmable Completion"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC117"></A> +<A NAME="SEC118"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 8.6 Programmable Completion </H2> -<!--docid::SEC117::--> +<!--docid::SEC118::--> <P> When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for which a completion specification (a <VAR>compspec</VAR>) has been defined -using the <CODE>complete</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>), +using the <CODE>complete</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>), the programmable completion facilities are invoked. </P><P> @@ -11304,7 +11604,7 @@ the <SAMP>`-D'</SAMP> option to <CODE>complete</CODE> is used as the default. Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default Bash completion -described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A>) is performed. +described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A>) is performed. </P><P> First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. @@ -11313,7 +11613,7 @@ returned. When the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`-d'</SAMP> option is used for filename or directory name completion, the shell variable <CODE>FIGNORE</CODE> is used to filter the matches. -See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for a description of <CODE>FIGNORE</CODE>. +See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for a description of <CODE>FIGNORE</CODE>. </P><P> Any completions specified by a filename expansion pattern to the @@ -11331,9 +11631,9 @@ Shell quoting is honored. Each word is then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, -as described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>). +as described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>). The results are split using the rules described above -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A>). The results of the expansion are prefix-matched against the word being completed, and the matching words become the possible completions. </P><P> @@ -11342,7 +11642,7 @@ After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command specified with the <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`-C'</SAMP> options is invoked. When the command or function is invoked, the <CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE>, <CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE>, <CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE>, and <CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE> variables are -assigned values as described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>). +assigned values as described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>). If a shell function is being invoked, the <CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE> and <CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE> variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the first argument is the @@ -11357,7 +11657,7 @@ the matches. Any function specified with <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> is invoked first. The function may use any of the shell facilities, including the <CODE>compgen</CODE> and <CODE>compopt</CODE> builtins described below -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>), to generate the matches. +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>), to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions in the <CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE> array variable. </P><P> @@ -11424,7 +11724,7 @@ exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and changes the compspec associated with the command on which completion is being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is executed), programmable completion restarts from the beginning, with an -attempt to find a compspec for that command. This allows a set of +attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once. </P><P> @@ -11443,20 +11743,20 @@ complete -D -F _completion_loader <A NAME="Programmable Completion Builtins"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC118"></A> +<A NAME="SEC119"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins </H2> -<!--docid::SEC118::--> +<!--docid::SEC119::--> <P> Two builtin commands are available to manipulate the programmable completion @@ -11465,7 +11765,7 @@ facilities. <DL COMPACT> <DT><CODE>compgen</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX540"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX556"></A> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>compgen [<VAR>option</VAR>] [<VAR>word</VAR>]</CODE> </pre></td></tr></table><P> @@ -11491,7 +11791,7 @@ matches were generated. </P><P> <DT><CODE>complete</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX541"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX557"></A> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o <VAR>comp-option</VAR>] [-DE] [-A <VAR>action</VAR>] [-G <VAR>globpat</VAR>] [-W <VAR>wordlist</VAR>] [-F <VAR>function</VAR>] [-C <VAR>command</VAR>] [-X <VAR>filterpat</VAR>] [-P <VAR>prefix</VAR>] [-S <VAR>suffix</VAR>] <VAR>name</VAR> [<VAR>name</VAR> <small>...</small>]</CODE> @@ -11514,7 +11814,7 @@ blank line. </P><P> The process of applying these completion specifications when word completion -is attempted is described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>). The +is attempted is described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>). The <SAMP>`-D'</SAMP> option takes precedence over <SAMP>`-E'</SAMP>. </P><P> @@ -11585,7 +11885,7 @@ completions: <P> <DT><CODE>binding</CODE> -<DD>Readline key binding names (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A>). +<DD>Readline key binding names (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>builtin</CODE> @@ -11625,12 +11925,12 @@ completions: <P> <DT><CODE>helptopic</CODE> -<DD>Help topics as accepted by the <CODE>help</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). +<DD>Help topics as accepted by the <CODE>help</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>hostname</CODE> <DD>Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by the -<CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE> shell variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>). +<CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE> shell variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>job</CODE> @@ -11651,12 +11951,12 @@ completions: <DT><CODE>setopt</CODE> <DD>Valid arguments for the <SAMP>`-o'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>shopt</CODE> <DD>Shell option names as accepted by the <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>signal</CODE> @@ -11676,19 +11976,6 @@ completions: </DL> <P> -<DT><CODE>-G <VAR>globpat</VAR></CODE> -<DD>The filename expansion pattern <VAR>globpat</VAR> is expanded to generate -the possible completions. -<P> - -<DT><CODE>-W <VAR>wordlist</VAR></CODE> -<DD>The <VAR>wordlist</VAR> is split using the characters in the -<CODE>IFS</CODE> special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word -is expanded. -The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which -match the word being completed. -<P> - <DT><CODE>-C <VAR>command</VAR></CODE> <DD><VAR>command</VAR> is executed in a subshell environment, and its output is used as the possible completions. @@ -11701,13 +11988,9 @@ When it finishes, the possible completions are retrieved from the value of the <CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE> array variable. <P> -<DT><CODE>-X <VAR>filterpat</VAR></CODE> -<DD><VAR>filterpat</VAR> is a pattern as used for filename expansion. -It is applied to the list of possible completions generated by the -preceding options and arguments, and each completion matching -<VAR>filterpat</VAR> is removed from the list. -A leading <SAMP>`!'</SAMP> in <VAR>filterpat</VAR> negates the pattern; in this -case, any completion not matching <VAR>filterpat</VAR> is removed. +<DT><CODE>-G <VAR>globpat</VAR></CODE> +<DD>The filename expansion pattern <VAR>globpat</VAR> is expanded to generate +the possible completions. <P> <DT><CODE>-P <VAR>prefix</VAR></CODE> @@ -11718,6 +12001,23 @@ after all other options have been applied. <DT><CODE>-S <VAR>suffix</VAR></CODE> <DD><VAR>suffix</VAR> is appended to each possible completion after all other options have been applied. +<P> + +<DT><CODE>-W <VAR>wordlist</VAR></CODE> +<DD>The <VAR>wordlist</VAR> is split using the characters in the +<CODE>IFS</CODE> special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word +is expanded. +The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which +match the word being completed. +<P> + +<DT><CODE>-X <VAR>filterpat</VAR></CODE> +<DD><VAR>filterpat</VAR> is a pattern as used for filename expansion. +It is applied to the list of possible completions generated by the +preceding options and arguments, and each completion matching +<VAR>filterpat</VAR> is removed from the list. +A leading <SAMP>`!'</SAMP> in <VAR>filterpat</VAR> negates the pattern; in this +case, any completion not matching <VAR>filterpat</VAR> is removed. </DL> <P> @@ -11729,10 +12029,10 @@ an error occurs adding a completion specification. </P><P> <DT><CODE>compopt</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX542"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX558"></A> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>compopt</CODE> [-o <VAR>option</VAR>] [-DE] [+o <VAR>option</VAR>] [<VAR>name</VAR>] </pre></td></tr></table>Modify completion options for each <VAR>name</VAR> according to the -<VAR>option</VAR>s, or for the currently-execution completion if no <VAR>name</VAR>s +<VAR>option</VAR>s, or for the currently-executing completion if no <VAR>name</VAR>s are supplied. If no <VAR>option</VAR>s are given, display the completion options for each <VAR>name</VAR> or the current completion. @@ -11757,25 +12057,25 @@ specification exists, or an output error occurs. </DL> <P> -<A NAME="IDX543"></A> +<A NAME="IDX559"></A> </P><P> <A NAME="Using History Interactively"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC119"></A> +<A NAME="SEC120"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> > </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> > </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H1> 9. Using History Interactively </H1> -<!--docid::SEC119::--> +<!--docid::SEC120::--> <P> This chapter describes how to use the GNU History Library @@ -11786,34 +12086,34 @@ see the GNU Readline Library Manual. </P><P> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash lets you manipulate your command +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash lets you manipulate your command history.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The Bash builtin commands that manipulate +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The Bash builtin commands that manipulate the command history.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What it feels like using History as a user.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What it feels like using History as a user.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> <A NAME="Bash History Facilities"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC120"></A> +<A NAME="SEC121"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> > </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122"> > </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 9.1 Bash History Facilities </H2> -<!--docid::SEC120::--> +<!--docid::SEC121::--> <P> When the <SAMP>`-o history'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin -is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), +is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), the shell provides access to the <EM>command history</EM>, the list of commands previously typed. The value of the <CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE> shell variable is used as the @@ -11835,7 +12135,7 @@ the value of the <CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE> variable. When an interactive shell exits, the last <CODE>$HISTSIZE</CODE> lines are copied from the history list to the file named by <CODE>$HISTFILE</CODE>. -If the <CODE>histappend</CODE> shell option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>), +If the <CODE>histappend</CODE> shell option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>), the lines are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is overwritten. If <CODE>HISTFILE</CODE> @@ -11859,7 +12159,7 @@ The <CODE>history</CODE> builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and manipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the -history list (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A>). +history list (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A>). </P><P> The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history @@ -11874,25 +12174,25 @@ The <CODE>lithist</CODE> shell option causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of semicolons. The <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin is used to set these options. -See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for a description of <CODE>shopt</CODE>. +See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for a description of <CODE>shopt</CODE>. </P><P> <A NAME="Bash History Builtins"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC121"></A> +<A NAME="SEC122"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 9.2 Bash History Builtins </H2> -<!--docid::SEC121::--> +<!--docid::SEC122::--> <P> Bash provides two builtin commands which manipulate the @@ -11902,7 +12202,7 @@ history list and history file. <DL COMPACT> <DT><CODE>fc</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX544"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX560"></A> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>fc [-e <VAR>ename</VAR>] [-lnr] [<VAR>first</VAR>] [<VAR>last</VAR>]</CODE> <CODE>fc -s [<VAR>pat</VAR>=<VAR>rep</VAR>] [<VAR>command</VAR>]</CODE> </pre></td></tr></table><P> @@ -11932,11 +12232,11 @@ of <VAR>pat</VAR> in the selected command is replaced by <VAR>rep</VAR>. A useful alias to use with the <CODE>fc</CODE> command is <CODE>r='fc -s'</CODE>, so that typing <SAMP>`r cc'</SAMP> runs the last command beginning with <CODE>cc</CODE> -and typing <SAMP>`r'</SAMP> re-executes the last command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>). +and typing <SAMP>`r'</SAMP> re-executes the last command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>). </P><P> <DT><CODE>history</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX545"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX561"></A> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>history [<VAR>n</VAR>] history -c history -d <VAR>offset</VAR> @@ -12014,20 +12314,20 @@ the value of the <CODE>HISTFILE</CODE> variable is used. <A NAME="History Interaction"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC122"></A> +<A NAME="SEC123"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123"> > </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124"> > </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 9.3 History Expansion </H2> -<!--docid::SEC122::--> +<!--docid::SEC123::--> <P> The History library provides a history expansion feature that is similar @@ -12057,7 +12357,7 @@ character. </P><P> Several shell options settable with the <CODE>shopt</CODE> -builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>) may be used to tailor +builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>) may be used to tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the <CODE>histverify</CODE> shell option is enabled, and Readline is being used, history substitutions are not immediately passed to @@ -12077,39 +12377,41 @@ This is most useful in conjunction with Readline. The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history expansion mechanism with the <CODE>histchars</CODE> variable, -as explained above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>). The shell uses +as explained above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>). The shell uses the history comment character to mark history timestamps when writing the history file. </P><P> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to specify which history line to use.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3.2 Word Designators</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Specifying which words are of interest.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">9.3.3 Modifiers</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Modifying the results of substitution.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to specify which history line to use.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">9.3.2 Word Designators</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Specifying which words are of interest.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">9.3.3 Modifiers</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Modifying the results of substitution.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> <A NAME="Event Designators"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC123"></A> +<A NAME="SEC124"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124"> > </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> > </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 9.3.1 Event Designators </H3> -<!--docid::SEC123::--> +<!--docid::SEC124::--> <P> An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the history list. -<A NAME="IDX546"></A> +Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to the current +position in the history list. +<A NAME="IDX562"></A> </P><P> <DL COMPACT> @@ -12133,11 +12435,16 @@ the end of the line, <SAMP>`='</SAMP> or <SAMP>`('</SAMP> (when the <P> <DT><CODE>!<VAR>string</VAR></CODE> -<DD>Refer to the most recent command starting with <VAR>string</VAR>. +<DD>Refer to the most recent command +preceding the current position in the history list +starting with <VAR>string</VAR>. <P> <DT><CODE>!?<VAR>string</VAR>[?]</CODE> -<DD>Refer to the most recent command containing <VAR>string</VAR>. The trailing +<DD>Refer to the most recent command +preceding the current position in the history list +containing <VAR>string</VAR>. +The trailing <SAMP>`?'</SAMP> may be omitted if the <VAR>string</VAR> is followed immediately by a newline. <P> @@ -12157,20 +12464,20 @@ with <VAR>string2</VAR>. Equivalent to <A NAME="Word Designators"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC124"></A> +<A NAME="SEC125"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 9.3.2 Word Designators </H3> -<!--docid::SEC124::--> +<!--docid::SEC125::--> <P> Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. @@ -12252,20 +12559,20 @@ previous command is used as the event. <A NAME="Modifiers"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC125"></A> +<A NAME="SEC126"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> > </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> > </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 9.3.3 Modifiers </H3> -<!--docid::SEC125::--> +<!--docid::SEC126::--> <P> After the optional word designator, you can add a sequence of one or more @@ -12334,20 +12641,20 @@ or with <SAMP>`&'</SAMP>. <A NAME="Installing Bash"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC126"></A> +<A NAME="SEC127"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> > </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> > </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H1> 10. Installing Bash </H1> -<!--docid::SEC126::--> +<!--docid::SEC127::--> <P> This chapter provides basic instructions for installing Bash on @@ -12359,38 +12666,38 @@ MS-DOS, OS/2, and Windows platforms. </P><P> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Installation instructions.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.2 Compilers and Options</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to set special options for various +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Installation instructions.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.2 Compilers and Options</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to set special options for various systems.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to compile Bash for more +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC130">10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to compile Bash for more than one kind of system from the same source tree.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC130">10.4 Installation Names</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to set the various paths used by the installation.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131">10.5 Specifying the System Type</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to configure Bash for a particular system.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132">10.6 Sharing Defaults</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to share default configuration values among GNU +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131">10.4 Installation Names</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to set the various paths used by the installation.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132">10.5 Specifying the System Type</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to configure Bash for a particular system.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133">10.6 Sharing Defaults</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to share default configuration values among GNU programs.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133">10.7 Operation Controls</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Options recognized by the configuration program.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">10.8 Optional Features</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to enable and disable optional features when +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">10.7 Operation Controls</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Options recognized by the configuration program.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">10.8 Optional Features</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to enable and disable optional features when building Bash.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> <A NAME="Basic Installation"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC127"></A> +<A NAME="SEC128"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 10.1 Basic Installation </H2> -<!--docid::SEC127::--> +<!--docid::SEC128::--> <P> These are installation instructions for Bash. @@ -12480,20 +12787,20 @@ a different kind of computer), type <SAMP>`make distclean'</SAMP>. <A NAME="Compilers and Options"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC128"></A> +<A NAME="SEC129"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC130"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC130"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 10.2 Compilers and Options </H2> -<!--docid::SEC128::--> +<!--docid::SEC129::--> <P> Some systems require unusual options for compilation or linking @@ -12518,20 +12825,20 @@ is available. <A NAME="Compiling For Multiple Architectures"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC129"></A> +<A NAME="SEC130"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC130"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC130"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures </H2> -<!--docid::SEC129::--> +<!--docid::SEC130::--> <P> You can compile Bash for more than one kind of computer at the @@ -12570,20 +12877,20 @@ directories for other architectures. <A NAME="Installation Names"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC130"></A> +<A NAME="SEC131"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC130"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 10.4 Installation Names </H2> -<!--docid::SEC130::--> +<!--docid::SEC131::--> <P> By default, <SAMP>`make install'</SAMP> will install into @@ -12604,20 +12911,20 @@ Documentation and other data files will still use the regular prefix. <A NAME="Specifying the System Type"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC131"></A> +<A NAME="SEC132"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC130"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 10.5 Specifying the System Type </H2> -<!--docid::SEC131::--> +<!--docid::SEC132::--> <P> There may be some features <CODE>configure</CODE> can not figure out @@ -12636,20 +12943,20 @@ values of each field. <A NAME="Sharing Defaults"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC132"></A> +<A NAME="SEC133"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 10.6 Sharing Defaults </H2> -<!--docid::SEC132::--> +<!--docid::SEC133::--> <P> If you want to set default values for <CODE>configure</CODE> scripts to @@ -12665,20 +12972,20 @@ but not all <CODE>configure</CODE> scripts do. <A NAME="Operation Controls"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC133"></A> +<A NAME="SEC134"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 10.7 Operation Controls </H2> -<!--docid::SEC133::--> +<!--docid::SEC134::--> <P> <CODE>configure</CODE> recognizes the following options to control how it @@ -12721,20 +13028,20 @@ options. <SAMP>`configure --help'</SAMP> prints the complete list. <A NAME="Optional Features"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC134"></A> +<A NAME="SEC135"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 10.8 Optional Features </H2> -<!--docid::SEC134::--> +<!--docid::SEC135::--> <P> The Bash <CODE>configure</CODE> has a number of <SAMP>`--enable-<VAR>feature</VAR>'</SAMP> @@ -12841,7 +13148,7 @@ necessary support. <DL COMPACT> <DT><CODE>--enable-alias</CODE> <DD>Allow alias expansion and include the <CODE>alias</CODE> and <CODE>unalias</CODE> -builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>). +builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-arith-for-command</CODE> @@ -12852,18 +13159,18 @@ that behaves like the C language <CODE>for</CODE> statement <DT><CODE>--enable-array-variables</CODE> <DD>Include support for one-dimensional array shell variables -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-bang-history</CODE> <DD>Include support for <CODE>csh</CODE>-like history substitution -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-brace-expansion</CODE> <DD>Include <CODE>csh</CODE>-like brace expansion ( <CODE>b{a,b}c</CODE> ==> <CODE>bac bbc</CODE> ). -See <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>, for a complete description. +See <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>, for a complete description. <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-casemod-attributes</CODE> @@ -12906,13 +13213,13 @@ This allows pipelines as well as shell builtins and functions to be timed. <DT><CODE>--enable-directory-stack</CODE> <DD>Include support for a <CODE>csh</CODE>-like directory stack and the <CODE>pushd</CODE>, <CODE>popd</CODE>, and <CODE>dirs</CODE> builtins -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-disabled-builtins</CODE> <DD>Allow builtin commands to be invoked via <SAMP>`builtin xxx'</SAMP> even after <CODE>xxx</CODE> has been disabled using <SAMP>`enable -n xxx'</SAMP>. -See <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for details of the <CODE>builtin</CODE> and +See <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for details of the <CODE>builtin</CODE> and <CODE>enable</CODE> builtin commands. <P> @@ -12923,26 +13230,26 @@ See <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for details of t <DT><CODE>--enable-extended-glob</CODE> <DD>Include support for the extended pattern matching features described -above under <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>. +above under <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>. <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-extended-glob-default</CODE> <DD>Set the default value of the <VAR>extglob</VAR> shell option described -above under <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A> to be enabled. +above under <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A> to be enabled. <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-help-builtin</CODE> <DD>Include the <CODE>help</CODE> builtin, which displays help on shell builtins and -variables (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). +variables (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-history</CODE> <DD>Include command history and the <CODE>fc</CODE> and <CODE>history</CODE> -builtin commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>). +builtin commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-job-control</CODE> -<DD>This enables the job control features (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>), +<DD>This enables the job control features (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7. Job Control</A>), if the operating system supports them. <P> @@ -12955,41 +13262,41 @@ system provides the necessary support. <DD>This enables the special handling of filenames of the form <CODE>/dev/tcp/<VAR>host</VAR>/<VAR>port</VAR></CODE> and <CODE>/dev/udp/<VAR>host</VAR>/<VAR>port</VAR></CODE> -when used in redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>). +when used in redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-process-substitution</CODE> -<DD>This enables process substitution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A>) if +<DD>This enables process substitution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A>) if the operating system provides the necessary support. <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-progcomp</CODE> <DD>Enable the programmable completion facilities -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>). If Readline is not enabled, this option has no effect. <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-prompt-string-decoding</CODE> <DD>Turn on the interpretation of a number of backslash-escaped characters in the <CODE>$PS1</CODE>, <CODE>$PS2</CODE>, <CODE>$PS3</CODE>, and <CODE>$PS4</CODE> prompt -strings. See <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>, for a complete list of prompt +strings. See <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>, for a complete list of prompt string escape sequences. <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-readline</CODE> <DD>Include support for command-line editing and history with the Bash -version of the Readline library (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>). +version of the Readline library (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8. Command Line Editing</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-restricted</CODE> <DD>Include support for a <EM>restricted shell</EM>. If this is enabled, Bash, when called as <CODE>rbash</CODE>, enters a restricted mode. See -<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>, for a description of restricted mode. +<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>, for a description of restricted mode. <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-select</CODE> -<DD>Include the <CODE>select</CODE> builtin, which allows the generation of simple -menus (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A>). +<DD>Include the <CODE>select</CODE> compound command, which allows the generation of +simple menus (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-separate-helpfiles</CODE> @@ -13005,7 +13312,7 @@ literals. <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-strict-posix-default</CODE> -<DD>Make Bash POSIX-conformant by default (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>). +<DD>Make Bash POSIX-conformant by default (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-usg-echo-default</CODE> @@ -13018,7 +13325,7 @@ without requiring the <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> option. This sets the default value of the <CODE>xpg_echo</CODE> shell option to <CODE>on</CODE>, which makes the Bash <CODE>echo</CODE> behave more like the version specified in the Single Unix Specification, version 3. -See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for a description of the escape sequences that +See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for a description of the escape sequences that <CODE>echo</CODE> recognizes. <P> @@ -13036,20 +13343,20 @@ information about its effect. <A NAME="Reporting Bugs"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC135"></A> +<A NAME="SEC136"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> << </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H1> A. Reporting Bugs </H1> -<!--docid::SEC135::--> +<!--docid::SEC136::--> <P> Please report all bugs you find in Bash. @@ -13094,20 +13401,20 @@ Please send all reports concerning this manual to <A NAME="Major Differences From The Bourne Shell"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC136"></A> +<A NAME="SEC137"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> << </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H1> B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell </H1> -<!--docid::SEC136::--> +<!--docid::SEC137::--> <P> Bash implements essentially the same grammar, parameter and @@ -13126,27 +13433,27 @@ last version of the historical Bourne shell) as the baseline reference. <LI> Bash is POSIX-conformant, even where the POSIX specification -differs from traditional <CODE>sh</CODE> behavior (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>). +differs from traditional <CODE>sh</CODE> behavior (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>). <P> <LI> -Bash has multi-character invocation options (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>). +Bash has multi-character invocation options (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>). <P> <LI> -Bash has command-line editing (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>) and +Bash has command-line editing (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8. Command Line Editing</A>) and the <CODE>bind</CODE> builtin. <P> <LI> Bash provides a programmable word completion mechanism -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>), and builtin commands +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>), and builtin commands <CODE>complete</CODE>, <CODE>compgen</CODE>, and <CODE>compopt</CODE>, to manipulate it. <P> <LI> -Bash has command history (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>) and the +Bash has command history (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>) and the <CODE>history</CODE> and <CODE>fc</CODE> builtins to manipulate it. The Bash history list maintains timestamp information and uses the value of the <CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE> variable to display it. @@ -13154,11 +13461,11 @@ value of the <CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE> variable to display it. <LI> Bash implements <CODE>csh</CODE>-like history expansion -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>). <P> <LI> -Bash has one-dimensional array variables (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>), and the +Bash has one-dimensional array variables (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>), and the appropriate variable expansions and assignment syntax to use them. Several of the Bash builtins take options to act on arrays. Bash provides a number of built-in array variables. @@ -13214,19 +13521,19 @@ Bash provides optional case-insensitive matching for the <CODE>case</CODE> and <P> <LI> -Bash includes brace expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>) and tilde -expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>). +Bash includes brace expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>) and tilde +expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>). <P> <LI> Bash implements command aliases and the <CODE>alias</CODE> and <CODE>unalias</CODE> -builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>). +builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>). <P> <LI> Bash provides shell arithmetic, the <CODE>((</CODE> compound command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A>), -and arithmetic expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>). +and arithmetic expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>). <P> <LI> @@ -13244,37 +13551,37 @@ of the variable named on the left hand side. <LI> Bash includes the POSIX pattern removal <SAMP>`%'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`#'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`%%'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`##'</SAMP> expansions to remove leading or trailing substrings from -variable values (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>). +variable values (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>). <P> <LI> The expansion <CODE>${#xx}</CODE>, which returns the length of <CODE>${xx}</CODE>, -is supported (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>). +is supported (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>). <P> <LI> The expansion <CODE>${var:</CODE><VAR>offset</VAR><CODE>[:</CODE><VAR>length</VAR><CODE>]}</CODE>, which expands to the substring of <CODE>var</CODE>'s value of length <VAR>length</VAR>, beginning at <VAR>offset</VAR>, is present -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>). <P> <LI> The expansion <CODE>${var/[/]</CODE><VAR>pattern</VAR><CODE>[/</CODE><VAR>replacement</VAR><CODE>]}</CODE>, which matches <VAR>pattern</VAR> and replaces it with <VAR>replacement</VAR> in -the value of <CODE>var</CODE>, is available (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>). +the value of <CODE>var</CODE>, is available (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>). <P> <LI> The expansion <CODE>${!<VAR>prefix}*</VAR></CODE> expansion, which expands to the names of all shell variables whose names begin with <VAR>prefix</VAR>, -is available (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>). +is available (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>). <P> <LI> Bash has <VAR>indirect</VAR> variable expansion using <CODE>${!word}</CODE> -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>). <P> <LI> @@ -13284,13 +13591,13 @@ Bash can expand positional parameters beyond <CODE>$9</CODE> using <LI> The POSIX <CODE>$()</CODE> form of command substitution -is implemented (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A>), +is implemented (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A>), and preferred to the Bourne shell's <CODE>"</CODE> (which is also implemented for backwards compatibility). <P> <LI> -Bash has process substitution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A>). +Bash has process substitution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A>). <P> <LI> @@ -13298,25 +13605,25 @@ Bash automatically assigns variables that provide information about the current user (<CODE>UID</CODE>, <CODE>EUID</CODE>, and <CODE>GROUPS</CODE>), the current host (<CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE>, <CODE>OSTYPE</CODE>, <CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE>, and <CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE>), and the instance of Bash that is running (<CODE>BASH</CODE>, -<CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE>, and <CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE>). See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, +<CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE>, and <CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE>). See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for details. <P> <LI> The <CODE>IFS</CODE> variable is used to split only the results of expansion, -not all words (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A>). +not all words (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A>). This closes a longstanding shell security hole. <P> <LI> Bash implements the full set of POSIX filename expansion operators, including <VAR>character classes</VAR>, <VAR>equivalence classes</VAR>, and -<VAR>collating symbols</VAR> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>). +<VAR>collating symbols</VAR> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>). <P> <LI> Bash implements extended pattern matching features when the <CODE>extglob</CODE> -shell option is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>). +shell option is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>). <P> <LI> @@ -13327,12 +13634,12 @@ It is possible to have a variable and a function with the same name; <LI> Bash functions are permitted to have local variables using the <CODE>local</CODE> builtin, and thus useful recursive functions may be written -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). <P> <LI> Variable assignments preceding commands affect only that command, even -builtins and functions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.4 Environment</A>). +builtins and functions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.4 Environment</A>). In <CODE>sh</CODE>, all variable assignments preceding commands are global unless the command is executed from the file system. @@ -13340,14 +13647,14 @@ file system. <LI> Bash performs filename expansion on filenames specified as operands -to input and output redirection operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>). +to input and output redirection operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>). <P> <LI> Bash contains the <SAMP>`<>'</SAMP> redirection operator, allowing a file to be opened for both reading and writing, and the <SAMP>`&>'</SAMP> redirection operator, for directing standard output and standard error to the same -file (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>). +file (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>). <P> <LI> @@ -13362,22 +13669,22 @@ redirection operators, which move one file descriptor to another. <LI> Bash treats a number of filenames specially when they are -used in redirection operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>). +used in redirection operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>). <P> <LI> Bash can open network connections to arbitrary machines and services -with the redirection operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>). +with the redirection operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>). <P> <LI> The <CODE>noclobber</CODE> option is available to avoid overwriting existing -files with output redirection (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). +files with output redirection (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). The <SAMP>`>|'</SAMP> redirection operator may be used to override <CODE>noclobber</CODE>. <P> <LI> -The Bash <CODE>cd</CODE> and <CODE>pwd</CODE> builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) +The Bash <CODE>cd</CODE> and <CODE>pwd</CODE> builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) each take <SAMP>`-L'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`-P'</SAMP> options to switch between logical and physical modes. <P> @@ -13385,29 +13692,29 @@ physical modes. <LI> Bash allows a function to override a builtin with the same name, and provides access to that builtin's functionality within the function via the -<CODE>builtin</CODE> and <CODE>command</CODE> builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). +<CODE>builtin</CODE> and <CODE>command</CODE> builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). <P> <LI> The <CODE>command</CODE> builtin allows selective disabling of functions -when command lookup is performed (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). +when command lookup is performed (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). <P> <LI> Individual builtins may be enabled or disabled using the <CODE>enable</CODE> -builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). +builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). <P> <LI> The Bash <CODE>exec</CODE> builtin takes additional options that allow users to control the contents of the environment passed to the executed command, and what the zeroth argument to the command is to be -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). <P> <LI> Shell functions may be exported to children via the environment -using <CODE>export -f</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A>). +using <CODE>export -f</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.3 Shell Functions</A>). <P> <LI> @@ -13423,21 +13730,21 @@ and values simultaneously. The Bash <CODE>hash</CODE> builtin allows a name to be associated with an arbitrary filename, even when that filename cannot be found by searching the <CODE>$PATH</CODE>, using <SAMP>`hash -p'</SAMP> -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). <P> <LI> Bash includes a <CODE>help</CODE> builtin for quick reference to shell -facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). +facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). <P> <LI> The <CODE>printf</CODE> builtin is available to display formatted output -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). <P> <LI> -The Bash <CODE>read</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>) +The Bash <CODE>read</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>) will read a line ending in <SAMP>`\'</SAMP> with the <SAMP>`-r'</SAMP> option, and will use the <CODE>REPLY</CODE> variable as a default if no non-option arguments are supplied. @@ -13456,28 +13763,28 @@ until a particular character rather than newline. <LI> The <CODE>return</CODE> builtin may be used to abort execution of scripts executed with the <CODE>.</CODE> or <CODE>source</CODE> builtins -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). <P> <LI> Bash includes the <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin, for finer control of shell -optional capabilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), and allows these options -to be set and unset at shell invocation (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>). +optional capabilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), and allows these options +to be set and unset at shell invocation (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>). <P> <LI> Bash has much more optional behavior controllable with the <CODE>set</CODE> -builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). +builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). <P> <LI> The <SAMP>`-x'</SAMP> (<CODE>xtrace</CODE>) option displays commands other than simple commands when performing an execution trace -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). <P> <LI> -The <CODE>test</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) +The <CODE>test</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) is slightly different, as it implements the POSIX algorithm, which specifies the behavior based on the number of arguments. <P> @@ -13490,7 +13797,7 @@ debugger. <P> <LI> -The <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) allows a +The <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) allows a <CODE>DEBUG</CODE> pseudo-signal specification, similar to <CODE>EXIT</CODE>. Commands specified with a <CODE>DEBUG</CODE> trap are executed before every simple command, <CODE>for</CODE> command, <CODE>case</CODE> command, @@ -13503,7 +13810,7 @@ The <CODE>extdebug</CODE> shell option has additional effects on the <CODE>DEBUG</CODE> trap. <P> -The <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) allows an +The <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) allows an <CODE>ERR</CODE> pseudo-signal specification, similar to <CODE>EXIT</CODE> and <CODE>DEBUG</CODE>. Commands specified with an <CODE>ERR</CODE> trap are executed after a simple command fails, with a few exceptions. @@ -13511,7 +13818,7 @@ The <CODE>ERR</CODE> trap is not inherited by shell functions unless the <CODE>-o errtrace</CODE> option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin is enabled. </P><P> -The <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) allows a +The <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) allows a <CODE>RETURN</CODE> pseudo-signal specification, similar to <CODE>EXIT</CODE> and <CODE>DEBUG</CODE>. Commands specified with an <CODE>RETURN</CODE> trap are executed before @@ -13524,36 +13831,36 @@ function has been given the <CODE>trace</CODE> attribute or the <LI> The Bash <CODE>type</CODE> builtin is more extensive and gives more information -about the names it finds (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). +about the names it finds (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). <P> <LI> The Bash <CODE>umask</CODE> builtin permits a <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option to cause the output to be displayed in the form of a <CODE>umask</CODE> command -that may be reused as input (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). +that may be reused as input (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). <P> <LI> Bash implements a <CODE>csh</CODE>-like directory stack, and provides the <CODE>pushd</CODE>, <CODE>popd</CODE>, and <CODE>dirs</CODE> builtins to manipulate it -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>). Bash also makes the directory stack visible as the value of the <CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE> shell variable. <P> <LI> Bash interprets special backslash-escaped characters in the prompt -strings when interactive (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>). +strings when interactive (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>). <P> <LI> -The Bash restricted mode is more useful (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>); +The Bash restricted mode is more useful (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>); the SVR4.2 shell restricted mode is too limited. <P> <LI> The <CODE>disown</CODE> builtin can remove a job from the internal shell -job table (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>) or suppress the sending +job table (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>) or suppress the sending of <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> to a job when the shell exits as the result of a <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE>. <P> @@ -13584,24 +13891,24 @@ The SVR4.2 <CODE>sh</CODE> uses a <CODE>TIMEOUT</CODE> variable like Bash uses </UL> <P> -More features unique to Bash may be found in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6. Bash Features</A>. +More features unique to Bash may be found in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6. Bash Features</A>. </P><P> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC137"></A> +<A NAME="SEC138"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> B.1 Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell </H2> -<!--docid::SEC137::--> +<!--docid::SEC138::--> <P> Since Bash is a completely new implementation, it does not suffer from @@ -13673,20 +13980,20 @@ The SVR4.2 shell behaves differently when invoked as <CODE>jsh</CODE> <A NAME="GNU Free Documentation License"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC138"></A> +<A NAME="SEC139"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> << </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H1> C. GNU Free Documentation License </H1> -<!--docid::SEC138::--> +<!--docid::SEC139::--> <P> <center> @@ -14223,9 +14530,9 @@ provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing. </OL> <P> -<A NAME="SEC139"></A> +<A NAME="SEC140"></A> <H2> ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents </H2> -<!--docid::SEC139::--> +<!--docid::SEC140::--> <P> To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of @@ -14264,49 +14571,49 @@ to permit their use in free software. <A NAME="Indexes"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC140"></A> +<A NAME="SEC141"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> > </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> > </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H1> D. Indexes </H1> -<!--docid::SEC140::--> +<!--docid::SEC141::--> <P> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of Bash builtin commands.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of Bash reserved words.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143">D.3 Parameter and Variable Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Quick reference helps you find the +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of Bash builtin commands.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143">D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of Bash reserved words.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144">D.3 Parameter and Variable Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Quick reference helps you find the variable you want.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144">D.4 Function Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of bindable Readline functions.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145">D.5 Concept Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">General index for concepts described in +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145">D.4 Function Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of bindable Readline functions.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC146">D.5 Concept Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">General index for concepts described in this manual.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> <A NAME="Builtin Index"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC141"></A> +<A NAME="SEC142"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> > </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143"> > </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> Up </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands </H2> -<!--docid::SEC141::--> +<!--docid::SEC142::--> <table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#bt_." style="text-decoration:none"><b>.</b></A> <A HREF="bashref.html#bt_:" style="text-decoration:none"><b>:</b></A> @@ -14355,105 +14662,105 @@ to permit their use in free software. <TR><TD></TD><TH ALIGN=LEFT>Index Entry</TH><TH ALIGN=LEFT> Section</TH></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_."></A>.</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX69"><CODE>.</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX69"><CODE>.</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_:"></A>:</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX68"><CODE>:</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX68"><CODE>:</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_["></A>[</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX84"><CODE>[</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX84"><CODE>[</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_A"></A>A</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX89"><CODE>alias</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX89"><CODE>alias</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_B"></A>B</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX293"><CODE>bg</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX90"><CODE>bind</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX70"><CODE>break</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX91"><CODE>builtin</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX305"><CODE>bg</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX90"><CODE>bind</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX70"><CODE>break</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX91"><CODE>builtin</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_C"></A>C</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX92"><CODE>caller</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX71"><CODE>cd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX93"><CODE>command</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX540"><CODE>compgen</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX541"><CODE>complete</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX542"><CODE>compopt</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX72"><CODE>continue</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX92"><CODE>caller</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX71"><CODE>cd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX93"><CODE>command</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX556"><CODE>compgen</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX557"><CODE>complete</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX558"><CODE>compopt</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX72"><CODE>continue</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_D"></A>D</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX94"><CODE>declare</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX290"><CODE>dirs</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX298"><CODE>disown</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX94"><CODE>declare</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX302"><CODE>dirs</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX310"><CODE>disown</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_E"></A>E</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX95"><CODE>echo</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX96"><CODE>enable</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX73"><CODE>eval</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX74"><CODE>exec</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX75"><CODE>exit</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX76"><CODE>export</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX95"><CODE>echo</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX96"><CODE>enable</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX73"><CODE>eval</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX74"><CODE>exec</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX75"><CODE>exit</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX76"><CODE>export</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX544"><CODE>fc</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX294"><CODE>fg</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX560"><CODE>fc</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX306"><CODE>fg</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_G"></A>G</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX77"><CODE>getopts</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX77"><CODE>getopts</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_H"></A>H</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX78"><CODE>hash</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX97"><CODE>help</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX545"><CODE>history</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX78"><CODE>hash</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX97"><CODE>help</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX561"><CODE>history</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_J"></A>J</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX295"><CODE>jobs</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX307"><CODE>jobs</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_K"></A>K</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX296"><CODE>kill</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX308"><CODE>kill</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_L"></A>L</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX98"><CODE>let</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX99"><CODE>local</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX100"><CODE>logout</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX98"><CODE>let</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX99"><CODE>local</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX100"><CODE>logout</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_M"></A>M</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX101"><CODE>mapfile</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX101"><CODE>mapfile</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_P"></A>P</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX291"><CODE>popd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX102"><CODE>printf</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX292"><CODE>pushd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX79"><CODE>pwd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX303"><CODE>popd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX102"><CODE>printf</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX304"><CODE>pushd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX79"><CODE>pwd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_R"></A>R</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX103"><CODE>read</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX104"><CODE>readarray</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX80"><CODE>readonly</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX81"><CODE>return</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX103"><CODE>read</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX104"><CODE>readarray</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX80"><CODE>readonly</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX81"><CODE>return</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_S"></A>S</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX110"><CODE>set</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX82"><CODE>shift</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX111"><CODE>shopt</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX105"><CODE>source</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX299"><CODE>suspend</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX110"><CODE>set</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX82"><CODE>shift</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX111"><CODE>shopt</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX105"><CODE>source</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX311"><CODE>suspend</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_T"></A>T</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX83"><CODE>test</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX85"><CODE>times</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX86"><CODE>trap</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX106"><CODE>type</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX107"><CODE>typeset</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX83"><CODE>test</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX85"><CODE>times</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX86"><CODE>trap</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX106"><CODE>type</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX107"><CODE>typeset</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_U"></A>U</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX108"><CODE>ulimit</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX87"><CODE>umask</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX109"><CODE>unalias</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX88"><CODE>unset</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX108"><CODE>ulimit</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX87"><CODE>umask</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX109"><CODE>unalias</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX88"><CODE>unset</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_W"></A>W</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX297"><CODE>wait</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX309"><CODE>wait</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> </TABLE><P></P><table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#bt_." style="text-decoration:none"><b>.</b></A> @@ -14502,20 +14809,20 @@ to permit their use in free software. <A NAME="Reserved Word Index"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC142"></A> +<A NAME="SEC143"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> Up </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words </H2> -<!--docid::SEC142::--> +<!--docid::SEC143::--> <table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#rw_!" style="text-decoration:none"><b>!</b></A> <A HREF="bashref.html#rw_[" style="text-decoration:none"><b>[</b></A> @@ -14579,7 +14886,7 @@ to permit their use in free software. <TR><TH><A NAME="rw_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX36"><CODE>fi</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX31"><CODE>for</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC20">3.2.4.1 Looping Constructs</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX45"><CODE>function</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX45"><CODE>function</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="rw_I"></A>I</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX32"><CODE>if</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A></TD></TR> @@ -14631,20 +14938,20 @@ to permit their use in free software. <A NAME="Variable Index"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC143"></A> +<A NAME="SEC144"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> Up </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> D.3 Parameter and Variable Index </H2> -<!--docid::SEC143::--> +<!--docid::SEC144::--> <table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#vr_!" style="text-decoration:none"><b>!</b></A> <A HREF="bashref.html#vr_#" style="text-decoration:none"><b>#</b></A> @@ -14707,286 +15014,302 @@ to permit their use in free software. <TR><TD></TD><TH ALIGN=LEFT>Index Entry</TH><TH ALIGN=LEFT> Section</TH></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_!"></A>!</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX58"><CODE>!</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX59"><CODE>!</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX58"><CODE>!</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX59"><CODE>!</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_#"></A>#</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX50"><CODE>#</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX51"><CODE>#</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX50"><CODE>#</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX51"><CODE>#</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_$"></A>$</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX56"><CODE>$</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX57"><CODE>$</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX56"><CODE>$</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX57"><CODE>$</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_*"></A>*</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX46"><CODE>*</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX47"><CODE>*</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX46"><CODE>*</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX47"><CODE>*</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_-"></A>-</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX54"><CODE>-</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX55"><CODE>-</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX54"><CODE>-</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX55"><CODE>-</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_0"></A>0</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX60"><CODE>0</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX61"><CODE>0</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX60"><CODE>0</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX61"><CODE>0</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_?"></A>?</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX52"><CODE>?</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX53"><CODE>?</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX52"><CODE>?</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX53"><CODE>?</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_@"></A>@</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX48"><CODE>@</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX49"><CODE>@</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX48"><CODE>@</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX49"><CODE>@</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr__"></A>_</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX62"><CODE>_</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX63"><CODE>_</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX62"><CODE>_</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX63"><CODE>_</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_A"></A>A</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX300"><CODE>auto_resume</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX301"><CODE>auto_resume</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX312"><CODE>auto_resume</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX313"><CODE>auto_resume</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_B"></A>B</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX132"><CODE>BASH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX133"><CODE>BASH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX138"><CODE>BASH_ALIASES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX139"><CODE>BASH_ALIASES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX140"><CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX141"><CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX142"><CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX143"><CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX144"><CODE>BASH_CMDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX145"><CODE>BASH_CMDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX146"><CODE>BASH_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX147"><CODE>BASH_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX148"><CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX149"><CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX150"><CODE>BASH_EXECUTION_STRING</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX151"><CODE>BASH_EXECUTION_STRING</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX152"><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX153"><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX154"><CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX155"><CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX156"><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX157"><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX158"><CODE>BASH_SUBSHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX159"><CODE>BASH_SUBSHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX160"><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX161"><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX162"><CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX163"><CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX164"><CODE>BASH_XTRACEFD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX165"><CODE>BASH_XTRACEFD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX134"><CODE>BASHOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX135"><CODE>BASHOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX136"><CODE>BASHPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX137"><CODE>BASHPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX307"><CODE>bell-style</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX308"><CODE>bind-tty-special-chars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX132"><CODE>BASH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX133"><CODE>BASH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX138"><CODE>BASH_ALIASES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX139"><CODE>BASH_ALIASES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX140"><CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX141"><CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX142"><CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX143"><CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX144"><CODE>BASH_CMDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX145"><CODE>BASH_CMDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX146"><CODE>BASH_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX147"><CODE>BASH_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX148"><CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX149"><CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX150"><CODE>BASH_EXECUTION_STRING</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX151"><CODE>BASH_EXECUTION_STRING</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX152"><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX153"><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX154"><CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX155"><CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX156"><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX157"><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX158"><CODE>BASH_SUBSHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX159"><CODE>BASH_SUBSHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX160"><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX161"><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX162"><CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX163"><CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX164"><CODE>BASH_XTRACEFD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX165"><CODE>BASH_XTRACEFD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX134"><CODE>BASHOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX135"><CODE>BASHOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX136"><CODE>BASHPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX137"><CODE>BASHPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX319"><CODE>bell-style</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX320"><CODE>bind-tty-special-chars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_C"></A>C</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX112"><CODE>CDPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX113"><CODE>CDPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX166"><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX167"><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX309"><CODE>comment-begin</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX168"><CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX169"><CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX176"><CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX177"><CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX170"><CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX171"><CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX172"><CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX173"><CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX174"><CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX175"><CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX178"><CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX179"><CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX180"><CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX181"><CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX310"><CODE>completion-prefix-display-length</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX311"><CODE>completion-query-items</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX182"><CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX183"><CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX312"><CODE>convert-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX112"><CODE>CDPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX113"><CODE>CDPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX166"><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX167"><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX321"><CODE>comment-begin</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX168"><CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX169"><CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX176"><CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX177"><CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX170"><CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX171"><CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX172"><CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX173"><CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX174"><CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX175"><CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX178"><CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX179"><CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX180"><CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX181"><CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX322"><CODE>completion-display-width</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX323"><CODE>completion-ignore-case</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX324"><CODE>completion-map-case</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX325"><CODE>completion-prefix-display-length</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX326"><CODE>completion-query-items</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX182"><CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX183"><CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX327"><CODE>convert-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX184"><CODE>COPROC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX185"><CODE>COPROC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_D"></A>D</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX184"><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX185"><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX313"><CODE>disable-completion</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX186"><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX187"><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX328"><CODE>disable-completion</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_E"></A>E</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX314"><CODE>editing-mode</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX186"><CODE>EMACS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX187"><CODE>EMACS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX315"><CODE>enable-keypad</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX188"><CODE>EUID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX189"><CODE>EUID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX316"><CODE>expand-tilde</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX329"><CODE>editing-mode</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX188"><CODE>EMACS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX189"><CODE>EMACS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX330"><CODE>enable-keypad</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX190"><CODE>ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX191"><CODE>ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX192"><CODE>EUID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX193"><CODE>EUID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX331"><CODE>expand-tilde</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX190"><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX191"><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX192"><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX193"><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX194"><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX195"><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX194"><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX195"><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX196"><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX197"><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX198"><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX199"><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX200"><CODE>FUNCNEST</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX201"><CODE>FUNCNEST</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_G"></A>G</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX196"><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX197"><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX198"><CODE>GROUPS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX199"><CODE>GROUPS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX202"><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX203"><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX204"><CODE>GROUPS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX205"><CODE>GROUPS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_H"></A>H</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX200"><CODE>histchars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX201"><CODE>histchars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX202"><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX203"><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX204"><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX205"><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX206"><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX207"><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX208"><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX209"><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX210"><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX211"><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX317"><CODE>history-preserve-point</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX318"><CODE>history-size</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX212"><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX213"><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX214"><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX215"><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX114"><CODE>HOME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX115"><CODE>HOME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX319"><CODE>horizontal-scroll-mode</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX216"><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX217"><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX218"><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX219"><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX220"><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX221"><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX206"><CODE>histchars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX207"><CODE>histchars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX208"><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX209"><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX210"><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX211"><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX212"><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX213"><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX214"><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX215"><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX216"><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX217"><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX332"><CODE>history-preserve-point</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX333"><CODE>history-size</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX218"><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX219"><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX220"><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX221"><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX114"><CODE>HOME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX115"><CODE>HOME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX334"><CODE>horizontal-scroll-mode</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX222"><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX223"><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX224"><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX225"><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX226"><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX227"><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_I"></A>I</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX116"><CODE>IFS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX117"><CODE>IFS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX222"><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX223"><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX320"><CODE>input-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX224"><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX225"><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX322"><CODE>isearch-terminators</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX116"><CODE>IFS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX117"><CODE>IFS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX228"><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX229"><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX335"><CODE>input-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX230"><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX231"><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX337"><CODE>isearch-terminators</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_K"></A>K</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX323"><CODE>keymap</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX338"><CODE>keymap</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_L"></A>L</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX226"><CODE>LANG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX227"><CODE>LANG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX228"><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX229"><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX230"><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX231"><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX232"><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX233"><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX232"><CODE>LANG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX233"><CODE>LANG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX234"><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX235"><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX236"><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX237"><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX238"><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX239"><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX21"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX234"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX235"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX236"><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX237"><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX238"><CODE>LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX239"><CODE>LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX240"><CODE>LINES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX241"><CODE>LINES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX240"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX241"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX242"><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX243"><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX244"><CODE>LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX245"><CODE>LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX246"><CODE>LINES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX247"><CODE>LINES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_M"></A>M</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX242"><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX243"><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX118"><CODE>MAIL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX119"><CODE>MAIL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX244"><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX245"><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX120"><CODE>MAILPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX121"><CODE>MAILPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX324"><CODE>mark-modified-lines</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX325"><CODE>mark-symlinked-directories</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX326"><CODE>match-hidden-files</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX321"><CODE>meta-flag</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX248"><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX249"><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX118"><CODE>MAIL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX119"><CODE>MAIL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX250"><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX251"><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX120"><CODE>MAILPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX121"><CODE>MAILPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX252"><CODE>MAPFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX253"><CODE>MAPFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX339"><CODE>mark-modified-lines</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX340"><CODE>mark-symlinked-directories</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX341"><CODE>match-hidden-files</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX342"><CODE>menu-complete-display-prefix</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX336"><CODE>meta-flag</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_O"></A>O</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX246"><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX247"><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX122"><CODE>OPTARG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX123"><CODE>OPTARG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX248"><CODE>OPTERR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX249"><CODE>OPTERR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX124"><CODE>OPTIND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX125"><CODE>OPTIND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX250"><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX251"><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX327"><CODE>output-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX254"><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX255"><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX122"><CODE>OPTARG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX123"><CODE>OPTARG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX256"><CODE>OPTERR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX257"><CODE>OPTERR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX124"><CODE>OPTIND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX125"><CODE>OPTIND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX258"><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX259"><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX343"><CODE>output-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_P"></A>P</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX328"><CODE>page-completions</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX126"><CODE>PATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX127"><CODE>PATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX252"><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX253"><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX254"><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX255"><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX256"><CODE>PPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX257"><CODE>PPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX258"><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX259"><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX260"><CODE>PROMPT_DIRTRIM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX261"><CODE>PROMPT_DIRTRIM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX128"><CODE>PS1</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX129"><CODE>PS1</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX130"><CODE>PS2</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX131"><CODE>PS2</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX262"><CODE>PS3</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX263"><CODE>PS3</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX264"><CODE>PS4</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX265"><CODE>PS4</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX266"><CODE>PWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX267"><CODE>PWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX344"><CODE>page-completions</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX126"><CODE>PATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX127"><CODE>PATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX260"><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX261"><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX262"><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX263"><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX264"><CODE>PPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX265"><CODE>PPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX266"><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX267"><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX268"><CODE>PROMPT_DIRTRIM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX269"><CODE>PROMPT_DIRTRIM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX128"><CODE>PS1</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX129"><CODE>PS1</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX130"><CODE>PS2</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX131"><CODE>PS2</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX270"><CODE>PS3</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX271"><CODE>PS3</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX272"><CODE>PS4</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX273"><CODE>PS4</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX274"><CODE>PWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX275"><CODE>PWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_R"></A>R</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX268"><CODE>RANDOM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX269"><CODE>RANDOM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX270"><CODE>REPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX271"><CODE>REPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX329"><CODE>revert-all-at-newline</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX276"><CODE>RANDOM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX277"><CODE>RANDOM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX278"><CODE>READLINE_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX279"><CODE>READLINE_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX280"><CODE>READLINE_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX281"><CODE>READLINE_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX282"><CODE>REPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX283"><CODE>REPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX345"><CODE>revert-all-at-newline</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_S"></A>S</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX272"><CODE>SECONDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX273"><CODE>SECONDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX274"><CODE>SHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX275"><CODE>SHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX276"><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX277"><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX278"><CODE>SHLVL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX279"><CODE>SHLVL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX330"><CODE>show-all-if-ambiguous</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX331"><CODE>show-all-if-unmodified</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX332"><CODE>skip-completed-text</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX284"><CODE>SECONDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX285"><CODE>SECONDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX286"><CODE>SHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX287"><CODE>SHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX288"><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX289"><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX290"><CODE>SHLVL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX291"><CODE>SHLVL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX346"><CODE>show-all-if-ambiguous</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX347"><CODE>show-all-if-unmodified</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX348"><CODE>skip-completed-text</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_T"></A>T</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX22"><CODE>TEXTDOMAIN</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX23"><CODE>TEXTDOMAINDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX280"><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX281"><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX282"><CODE>TMOUT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX283"><CODE>TMOUT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX284"><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX285"><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX292"><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX293"><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX294"><CODE>TMOUT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX295"><CODE>TMOUT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX296"><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX297"><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_U"></A>U</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX286"><CODE>UID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX287"><CODE>UID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX298"><CODE>UID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX299"><CODE>UID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_V"></A>V</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX333"><CODE>visible-stats</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX349"><CODE>visible-stats</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> </TABLE><P></P><table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#vr_!" style="text-decoration:none"><b>!</b></A> @@ -15049,20 +15372,20 @@ to permit their use in free software. <A NAME="Function Index"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC144"></A> +<A NAME="SEC145"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC146"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC146"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> Up </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> D.4 Function Index </H2> -<!--docid::SEC144::--> +<!--docid::SEC145::--> <table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#fn_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A> <A HREF="bashref.html#fn_B" style="text-decoration:none"><b>B</b></A> @@ -15108,250 +15431,250 @@ to permit their use in free software. <TR><TD></TD><TH ALIGN=LEFT>Index Entry</TH><TH ALIGN=LEFT> Section</TH></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_A"></A>A</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX486"><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX487"><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX354"><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX355"><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX530"><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX531"><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX502"><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX503"><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX370"><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX371"><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX546"><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX547"><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_B"></A>B</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX340"><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX341"><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX382"><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX383"><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX404"><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX405"><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX416"><CODE>backward-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX417"><CODE>backward-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX412"><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX413"><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX344"><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX345"><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX360"><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-&#60;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX361"><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-&#60;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX334"><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX335"><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX356"><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX357"><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX398"><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX399"><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX420"><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX421"><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX428"><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX429"><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX360"><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX361"><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX376"><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-&#60;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX377"><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-&#60;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX350"><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX351"><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_C"></A>C</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX482"><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX483"><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX398"><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX399"><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX502"><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX503"><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX504"><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX505"><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX350"><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX351"><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX440"><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX441"><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX468"><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX469"><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX452"><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX453"><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX464"><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX465"><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX476"><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX477"><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX456"><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX457"><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX460"><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX461"><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX428"><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX429"><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX430"><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX431"><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX426"><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX427"><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX498"><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX499"><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX414"><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX415"><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX518"><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX519"><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX520"><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX521"><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX366"><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX367"><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX456"><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX457"><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX484"><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX485"><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX468"><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX469"><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX480"><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX481"><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX492"><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX493"><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX472"><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX473"><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX476"><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX477"><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX444"><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX445"><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX446"><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX447"><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX442"><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX443"><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_D"></A>D</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX474"><CODE>dabbrev-expand ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX475"><CODE>dabbrev-expand ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX380"><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX381"><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX450"><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX451"><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX422"><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX423"><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX436"><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX437"><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX522"><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX523"><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX488"><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX489"><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX396"><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX397"><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX510"><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX511"><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX514"><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX515"><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX512"><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX513"><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX472"><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX473"><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX490"><CODE>dabbrev-expand ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX491"><CODE>dabbrev-expand ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX396"><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX397"><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX466"><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX467"><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX438"><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX439"><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX452"><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX453"><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX538"><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX539"><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX504"><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX505"><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX412"><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX413"><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX526"><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX527"><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX530"><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX531"><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX528"><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX529"><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX488"><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX489"><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_E"></A>E</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX538"><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX539"><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX480"><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX481"><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX362"><CODE>end-of-history (M-&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX363"><CODE>end-of-history (M-&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX336"><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX337"><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX500"><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX501"><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX554"><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX555"><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX496"><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX497"><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX378"><CODE>end-of-history (M-&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX379"><CODE>end-of-history (M-&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX352"><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX353"><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX516"><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX517"><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX384"><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX385"><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX338"><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX339"><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX366"><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX367"><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX342"><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX343"><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX400"><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX401"><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX354"><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX355"><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX382"><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX383"><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX358"><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX359"><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_G"></A>G</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX516"><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX517"><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX518"><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX519"><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX520"><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX521"><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX532"><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX533"><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX534"><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX535"><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX536"><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX537"><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_H"></A>H</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX532"><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX533"><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX526"><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX527"><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX374"><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX375"><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX372"><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX373"><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX548"><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX549"><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX542"><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX543"><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX390"><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX391"><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX388"><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX389"><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_I"></A>I</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX508"><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX509"><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX444"><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX445"><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX534"><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX535"><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX524"><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX525"><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX460"><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX461"><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX550"><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX551"><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_K"></A>K</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX402"><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX403"><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX424"><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX425"><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX408"><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX409"><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX410"><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX411"><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX418"><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX419"><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX440"><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX441"><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX424"><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX425"><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX426"><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX427"><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_M"></A>M</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX528"><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX529"><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX446"><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX447"><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX448"><CODE>menu-complete-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX449"><CODE>menu-complete-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX544"><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX545"><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX462"><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX463"><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX464"><CODE>menu-complete-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX465"><CODE>menu-complete-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_N"></A>N</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX358"><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX359"><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX370"><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX371"><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX368"><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX369"><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX374"><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX375"><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX386"><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX387"><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX384"><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX385"><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_O"></A>O</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX536"><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX537"><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX400"><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX401"><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX552"><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX553"><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX416"><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX417"><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_P"></A>P</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX470"><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX471"><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX442"><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX443"><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX454"><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX455"><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX466"><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX467"><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX458"><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX459"><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX462"><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX463"><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX490"><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX491"><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX356"><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX357"><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX486"><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX487"><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX458"><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX459"><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX470"><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX471"><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX482"><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX483"><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX474"><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX475"><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX478"><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX479"><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX506"><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX507"><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX372"><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX373"><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_Q"></A>Q</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX386"><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX387"><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX402"><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX403"><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_R"></A>R</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX484"><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX485"><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX352"><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX353"><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX364"><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX365"><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX494"><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX495"><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX500"><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX501"><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX368"><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX369"><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX380"><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX381"><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX510"><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX511"><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_S"></A>S</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX388"><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX389"><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX498"><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX499"><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX348"><CODE>shell-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX349"><CODE>shell-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX524"><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX525"><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX346"><CODE>shell-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX347"><CODE>shell-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX414"><CODE>shell-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX415"><CODE>shell-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX506"><CODE>skip-csi-sequence ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX507"><CODE>skip-csi-sequence ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX478"><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX479"><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX404"><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX405"><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX514"><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX515"><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX432"><CODE>shell-backward-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX433"><CODE>shell-backward-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX364"><CODE>shell-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX365"><CODE>shell-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX540"><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX541"><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX362"><CODE>shell-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX363"><CODE>shell-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX430"><CODE>shell-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX431"><CODE>shell-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX522"><CODE>skip-csi-sequence ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX523"><CODE>skip-csi-sequence ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX494"><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX495"><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_T"></A>T</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX496"><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&#38;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX497"><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&#38;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX390"><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX391"><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX392"><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX393"><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX512"><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&#38;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX513"><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&#38;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX406"><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX407"><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX408"><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX409"><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_U"></A>U</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX492"><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX493"><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX438"><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX439"><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX420"><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX421"><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX406"><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX407"><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX418"><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX419"><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX394"><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX395"><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX508"><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX509"><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX454"><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX455"><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX436"><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX437"><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX422"><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX423"><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX434"><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX435"><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX410"><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX411"><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_Y"></A>Y</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX432"><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX433"><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX378"><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX379"><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX376"><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX377"><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX434"><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX435"><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX448"><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX449"><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX394"><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX395"><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX392"><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX393"><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX450"><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX451"><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> </TABLE><P></P><table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#fn_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A> @@ -15397,20 +15720,20 @@ to permit their use in free software. <A NAME="Concept Index"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC145"></A> +<A NAME="SEC146"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144"> < </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145"> < </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ > ]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> Up </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> D.5 Concept Index </H2> -<!--docid::SEC145::--> +<!--docid::SEC146::--> <table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#cp_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A> <A HREF="bashref.html#cp_B" style="text-decoration:none"><b>B</b></A> @@ -15460,27 +15783,27 @@ to permit their use in free software. <TR><TD></TD><TH ALIGN=LEFT>Index Entry</TH><TH ALIGN=LEFT> Section</TH></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_A"></A>A</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">alias expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">arithmetic evaluation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">arithmetic expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">arithmetic, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">arrays</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">alias expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">arithmetic evaluation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">arithmetic expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">arithmetic, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">arrays</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_B"></A>B</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">background</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">Bash configuration</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">Bash installation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">background</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">Bash configuration</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">Bash installation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5">Bourne shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5">3. Basic Shell Features</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">brace expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">brace expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2">builtin</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_C"></A>C</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">command editing</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">command execution</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">command expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">command history</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">command search</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">command substitution</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">command editing</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">command execution</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">command expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">command history</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">command search</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">command substitution</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX26">command timing</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">3.2.2 Pipelines</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC19">commands, compound</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC19">3.2.4 Compound Commands</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">commands, conditional</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A></TD></TR> @@ -15491,135 +15814,135 @@ to permit their use in free software. <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15">commands, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15">3.2 Shell Commands</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC16">commands, simple</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC16">3.2.1 Simple Commands</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14">comments, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14">3.1.3 Comments</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">completion builtins</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">configuration</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">completion builtins</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">configuration</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3">control operator</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">coprocess</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">3.2.5 Coprocesses</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_D"></A>D</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">directory stack</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8 The Directory Stack</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">directory stack</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8 The Directory Stack</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_E"></A>E</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">editing command lines</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">environment</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.4 Environment</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">evaluation, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">event designators</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">execution environment</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">editing command lines</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">environment</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.4 Environment</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">evaluation, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">event designators</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">execution environment</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4">exit status</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">exit status</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.5 Exit Status</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">expansion, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">expansion, brace</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX64">expansion, filename</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">expansion, parameter</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX65">expansion, pathname</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">expansion, tilde</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">expressions, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">expressions, conditional</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">exit status</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.5 Exit Status</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5 Shell Expansions</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">expansion, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">expansion, brace</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX64">expansion, filename</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">expansion, parameter</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX65">expansion, pathname</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">expansion, tilde</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">expressions, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">expressions, conditional</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5">field</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX6">filename</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX66">filename expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">foreground</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">functions, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX66">filename expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">foreground</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">functions, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_H"></A>H</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">history builtins</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX546">history events</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">history expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">history list</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX543">History, how to use</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">history builtins</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX562">history events</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">history expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">history list</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX559">History, how to use</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_I"></A>I</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX11">identifier</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">initialization file, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3 Readline Init File</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">installation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">interaction, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">8.2 Readline Interaction</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX289">interactive shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">interactive shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">initialization file, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3 Readline Init File</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">installation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">interaction, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2 Readline Interaction</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX301">interactive shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">interactive shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">internationalization</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_J"></A>J</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX7">job</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX8">job control</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">job control</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">job control</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_K"></A>K</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX305">kill ring</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX303">killing text</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX317">kill ring</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX315">killing text</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_L"></A>L</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">localization</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX288">login shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX300">login shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_M"></A>M</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">matching, pattern</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">matching, pattern</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX9">metacharacter</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_N"></A>N</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX10">name</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">native languages</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">notation, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">notation, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_O"></A>O</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX12">operator, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_P"></A>P</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">parameter expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">parameters</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">parameters, positional</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">parameters, special</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX67">pathname expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">pattern matching</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">parameter expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">parameters</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">parameters, positional</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">parameters, special</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX67">pathname expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">pattern matching</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">pipeline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">3.2.2 Pipelines</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1">POSIX</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">POSIX Mode</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">POSIX Mode</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX13">process group</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX14">process group ID</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">process substitution</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">programmable completion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">prompting</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">process substitution</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">programmable completion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">prompting</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_Q"></A>Q</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC8">quoting</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC8">3.1.2 Quoting</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC12">quoting, ANSI</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC12">3.1.2.4 ANSI-C Quoting</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_R"></A>R</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX302">Readline, how to use</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">redirection</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX314">Readline, how to use</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">redirection</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX15">reserved word</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">restricted shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">restricted shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX16">return status</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_S"></A>S</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">shell arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">shell function</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">shell script</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">shell variable</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">shell, interactive</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">shell arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">shell function</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">shell script</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">3.8 Shell Scripts</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">shell variable</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">shell, interactive</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX17">signal</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">signal handling</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.6 Signals</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">signal handling</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.7.6 Signals</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX18">special builtin</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">special builtin</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.4 Special Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">startup files</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">suspending jobs</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">special builtin</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">4.4 Special Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC71">startup files</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC71">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">suspending jobs</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_T"></A>T</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">tilde expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">tilde expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX19">token</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">translation, native languages</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_V"></A>V</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">variable, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX306">variables, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">variable, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX318">variables, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_W"></A>W</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX20">word</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">word splitting</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">word splitting</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_Y"></A>Y</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX304">yanking text</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX316">yanking text</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> </TABLE><P></P><table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#cp_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A> @@ -15672,7 +15995,7 @@ to permit their use in free software. <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H1>Table of Contents</H1> @@ -15733,276 +16056,278 @@ to permit their use in free software. </UL> <A NAME="TOC23" HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">3.2.5 Coprocesses</A> <BR> +<A NAME="TOC24" HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.2.6 GNU Parallel</A> +<BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC24" HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A> +<A NAME="TOC25" HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.3 Shell Functions</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC25" HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.4 Shell Parameters</A> +<A NAME="TOC26" HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4 Shell Parameters</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC26" HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A> +<A NAME="TOC27" HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC27" HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A> +<A NAME="TOC28" HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC28" HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A> +<A NAME="TOC29" HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5 Shell Expansions</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC29" HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A> +<A NAME="TOC30" HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC30" HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A> +<A NAME="TOC31" HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC31" HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A> +<A NAME="TOC32" HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC32" HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A> +<A NAME="TOC33" HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC33" HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A> +<A NAME="TOC34" HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC34" HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A> +<A NAME="TOC35" HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC35" HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A> +<A NAME="TOC36" HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC36" HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A> +<A NAME="TOC37" HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC37" HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A> +<A NAME="TOC38" HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC38" HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.9 Quote Removal</A> +<A NAME="TOC39" HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.5.9 Quote Removal</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC39" HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A> +<A NAME="TOC40" HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC40" HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6.1 Redirecting Input</A> +<A NAME="TOC41" HREF="bashref.html#SEC41">3.6.1 Redirecting Input</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC41" HREF="bashref.html#SEC41">3.6.2 Redirecting Output</A> +<A NAME="TOC42" HREF="bashref.html#SEC42">3.6.2 Redirecting Output</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC42" HREF="bashref.html#SEC42">3.6.3 Appending Redirected Output</A> +<A NAME="TOC43" HREF="bashref.html#SEC43">3.6.3 Appending Redirected Output</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC43" HREF="bashref.html#SEC43">3.6.4 Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error</A> +<A NAME="TOC44" HREF="bashref.html#SEC44">3.6.4 Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC44" HREF="bashref.html#SEC44">3.6.5 Appending Standard Output and Standard Error</A> +<A NAME="TOC45" HREF="bashref.html#SEC45">3.6.5 Appending Standard Output and Standard Error</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC45" HREF="bashref.html#SEC45">3.6.6 Here Documents</A> +<A NAME="TOC46" HREF="bashref.html#SEC46">3.6.6 Here Documents</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC46" HREF="bashref.html#SEC46">3.6.7 Here Strings</A> +<A NAME="TOC47" HREF="bashref.html#SEC47">3.6.7 Here Strings</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC47" HREF="bashref.html#SEC47">3.6.8 Duplicating File Descriptors</A> +<A NAME="TOC48" HREF="bashref.html#SEC48">3.6.8 Duplicating File Descriptors</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC48" HREF="bashref.html#SEC48">3.6.9 Moving File Descriptors</A> +<A NAME="TOC49" HREF="bashref.html#SEC49">3.6.9 Moving File Descriptors</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC49" HREF="bashref.html#SEC49">3.6.10 Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing</A> +<A NAME="TOC50" HREF="bashref.html#SEC50">3.6.10 Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC50" HREF="bashref.html#SEC50">3.7 Executing Commands</A> +<A NAME="TOC51" HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7 Executing Commands</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC51" HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion</A> +<A NAME="TOC52" HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC52" HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A> +<A NAME="TOC53" HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC53" HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A> +<A NAME="TOC54" HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC54" HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.4 Environment</A> +<A NAME="TOC55" HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.4 Environment</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC55" HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.5 Exit Status</A> +<A NAME="TOC56" HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.5 Exit Status</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC56" HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.6 Signals</A> +<A NAME="TOC57" HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.7.6 Signals</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC57" HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A> +<A NAME="TOC58" HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">3.8 Shell Scripts</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC58" HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A> +<A NAME="TOC59" HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC59" HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A> +<A NAME="TOC60" HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC60" HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A> +<A NAME="TOC61" HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC61" HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3 Modifying Shell Behavior</A> +<A NAME="TOC62" HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3 Modifying Shell Behavior</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC62" HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A> +<A NAME="TOC63" HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC63" HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A> +<A NAME="TOC64" HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC64" HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.4 Special Builtins</A> +<A NAME="TOC65" HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">4.4 Special Builtins</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC65" HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5. Shell Variables</A> +<A NAME="TOC66" HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5. Shell Variables</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC66" HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A> +<A NAME="TOC67" HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC67" HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A> +<A NAME="TOC68" HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC68" HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6. Bash Features</A> +<A NAME="TOC69" HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6. Bash Features</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC69" HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A> +<A NAME="TOC70" HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC70" HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A> +<A NAME="TOC71" HREF="bashref.html#SEC71">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC78" HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A> +<A NAME="TOC79" HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3 Interactive Shells</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC79" HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3.1 What is an Interactive Shell?</A> +<A NAME="TOC80" HREF="bashref.html#SEC80">6.3.1 What is an Interactive Shell?</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC80" HREF="bashref.html#SEC80">6.3.2 Is this Shell Interactive?</A> +<A NAME="TOC81" HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.3.2 Is this Shell Interactive?</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC81" HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.3.3 Interactive Shell Behavior</A> +<A NAME="TOC82" HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.3.3 Interactive Shell Behavior</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC82" HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A> +<A NAME="TOC83" HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC83" HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A> +<A NAME="TOC84" HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC84" HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A> +<A NAME="TOC85" HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC85" HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A> +<A NAME="TOC86" HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC86" HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8 The Directory Stack</A> +<A NAME="TOC87" HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8 The Directory Stack</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC87" HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A> +<A NAME="TOC88" HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC88" HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A> +<A NAME="TOC89" HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC89" HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A> +<A NAME="TOC90" HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC90" HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A> +<A NAME="TOC91" HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC91" HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A> +<A NAME="TOC92" HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7. Job Control</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC92" HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.1 Job Control Basics</A> +<A NAME="TOC93" HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.1 Job Control Basics</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC93" HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A> +<A NAME="TOC94" HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC94" HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.3 Job Control Variables</A> +<A NAME="TOC95" HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">7.3 Job Control Variables</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC95" HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A> +<A NAME="TOC96" HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8. Command Line Editing</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC96" HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8.1 Introduction to Line Editing</A> +<A NAME="TOC97" HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">8.1 Introduction to Line Editing</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC97" HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">8.2 Readline Interaction</A> +<A NAME="TOC98" HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2 Readline Interaction</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC98" HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A> +<A NAME="TOC99" HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC99" HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.2 Readline Movement Commands</A> +<A NAME="TOC100" HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.2 Readline Movement Commands</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC100" HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A> +<A NAME="TOC101" HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC101" HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.4 Readline Arguments</A> +<A NAME="TOC102" HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.2.4 Readline Arguments</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC102" HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A> +<A NAME="TOC103" HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC103" HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3 Readline Init File</A> +<A NAME="TOC104" HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3 Readline Init File</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC104" HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A> +<A NAME="TOC105" HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC105" HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A> +<A NAME="TOC106" HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC106" HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.3.3 Sample Init File</A> +<A NAME="TOC107" HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.3.3 Sample Init File</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC107" HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A> +<A NAME="TOC108" HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC108" HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A> +<A NAME="TOC109" HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC109" HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A> +<A NAME="TOC110" HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC110" HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A> +<A NAME="TOC111" HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC111" HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A> +<A NAME="TOC112" HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC112" HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A> +<A NAME="TOC113" HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC113" HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A> +<A NAME="TOC114" HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC114" HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A> +<A NAME="TOC115" HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC115" HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A> +<A NAME="TOC116" HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC116" HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.5 Readline vi Mode</A> +<A NAME="TOC117" HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.5 Readline vi Mode</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC117" HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A> +<A NAME="TOC118" HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC118" HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A> +<A NAME="TOC119" HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC119" HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9. Using History Interactively</A> +<A NAME="TOC120" HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9. Using History Interactively</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC120" HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A> +<A NAME="TOC121" HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC121" HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A> +<A NAME="TOC122" HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC122" HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A> +<A NAME="TOC123" HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC123" HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3.1 Event Designators</A> +<A NAME="TOC124" HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3.1 Event Designators</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC124" HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3.2 Word Designators</A> +<A NAME="TOC125" HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">9.3.2 Word Designators</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC125" HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">9.3.3 Modifiers</A> +<A NAME="TOC126" HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">9.3.3 Modifiers</A> <BR> </UL> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC126" HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">10. Installing Bash</A> +<A NAME="TOC127" HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10. Installing Bash</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC127" HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.1 Basic Installation</A> +<A NAME="TOC128" HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.1 Basic Installation</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC128" HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.2 Compilers and Options</A> +<A NAME="TOC129" HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.2 Compilers and Options</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC129" HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures</A> +<A NAME="TOC130" HREF="bashref.html#SEC130">10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC130" HREF="bashref.html#SEC130">10.4 Installation Names</A> +<A NAME="TOC131" HREF="bashref.html#SEC131">10.4 Installation Names</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC131" HREF="bashref.html#SEC131">10.5 Specifying the System Type</A> +<A NAME="TOC132" HREF="bashref.html#SEC132">10.5 Specifying the System Type</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC132" HREF="bashref.html#SEC132">10.6 Sharing Defaults</A> +<A NAME="TOC133" HREF="bashref.html#SEC133">10.6 Sharing Defaults</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC133" HREF="bashref.html#SEC133">10.7 Operation Controls</A> +<A NAME="TOC134" HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">10.7 Operation Controls</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC134" HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">10.8 Optional Features</A> +<A NAME="TOC135" HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">10.8 Optional Features</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC135" HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">A. Reporting Bugs</A> +<A NAME="TOC136" HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">A. Reporting Bugs</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC136" HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A> +<A NAME="TOC137" HREF="bashref.html#SEC137">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC137" HREF="bashref.html#SEC137">B.1 Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell</A> +<A NAME="TOC138" HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">B.1 Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC138" HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A> +<A NAME="TOC139" HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC140" HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">D. Indexes</A> +<A NAME="TOC141" HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">D. Indexes</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC141" HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands</A> +<A NAME="TOC142" HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC142" HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words</A> +<A NAME="TOC143" HREF="bashref.html#SEC143">D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC143" HREF="bashref.html#SEC143">D.3 Parameter and Variable Index</A> +<A NAME="TOC144" HREF="bashref.html#SEC144">D.3 Parameter and Variable Index</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC144" HREF="bashref.html#SEC144">D.4 Function Index</A> +<A NAME="TOC145" HREF="bashref.html#SEC145">D.4 Function Index</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC145" HREF="bashref.html#SEC145">D.5 Concept Index</A> +<A NAME="TOC146" HREF="bashref.html#SEC146">D.5 Concept Index</A> <BR> </UL> </UL> @@ -16011,7 +16336,7 @@ to permit their use in free software. <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H1>Short Table of Contents</H1> @@ -16022,27 +16347,27 @@ to permit their use in free software. <BR> <A NAME="TOC5" HREF="bashref.html#SEC5">3. Basic Shell Features</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC58" HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A> +<A NAME="TOC59" HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC65" HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5. Shell Variables</A> +<A NAME="TOC66" HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5. Shell Variables</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC68" HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6. Bash Features</A> +<A NAME="TOC69" HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6. Bash Features</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC91" HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A> +<A NAME="TOC92" HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7. Job Control</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC95" HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A> +<A NAME="TOC96" HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8. Command Line Editing</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC119" HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9. Using History Interactively</A> +<A NAME="TOC120" HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9. Using History Interactively</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC126" HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">10. Installing Bash</A> +<A NAME="TOC127" HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10. Installing Bash</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC135" HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">A. Reporting Bugs</A> +<A NAME="TOC136" HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">A. Reporting Bugs</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC136" HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A> +<A NAME="TOC137" HREF="bashref.html#SEC137">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC138" HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A> +<A NAME="TOC139" HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC140" HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">D. Indexes</A> +<A NAME="TOC141" HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">D. Indexes</A> <BR> </BLOCKQUOTE> @@ -16051,11 +16376,11 @@ to permit their use in free software. <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H1>About this document</H1> -This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>December, 29 2009</I> +This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>December, 28 2010</I> using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html "><I>texi2html</I></A> <P></P> @@ -16217,7 +16542,7 @@ the following structure: <BR> <FONT SIZE="-1"> This document was generated -by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>December, 29 2009</I> +by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>December, 28 2010</I> using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html "><I>texi2html</I></A> |