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Diffstat (limited to 'doc')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/FAQ | 126 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/Makefile.in | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bash.0 | 2358 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bash.1 | 580 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bash.html | 597 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bash.pdf | bin | 288296 -> 296259 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bash.ps | 11648 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bashref.dvi | bin | 663456 -> 680368 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bashref.html | 5315 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bashref.info | 1164 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bashref.pdf | bin | 559434 -> 570072 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bashref.ps | 13391 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bashref.texi | 398 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/builtins.0 | 704 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/builtins.ps | 3329 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/rbash.0 | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/rbash.ps | 12 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/version.texi | 12 |
18 files changed, 20849 insertions, 18791 deletions
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -This is the Bash FAQ, version 4.11, for Bash version 4.1. +This is the Bash FAQ, version 4.12, for Bash version 4.2. This document contains a set of frequently-asked questions concerning Bash, the GNU Bourne-Again Shell. Bash is a freely-available command @@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ A10) What is the bash `posix mode'? Section B: The latest version -B1) What's new in version 4.1? -B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-4.1 and +B1) What's new in version 4.2? +B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-4.2 and previous bash versions? Section C: Differences from other Unix shells @@ -144,26 +144,26 @@ of Case Western Reserve University. A2) What's the latest version? -The latest version is 4.1, first made available on 31 December, 2009. +The latest version is 4.2, first made available on 14 February, 2011. A3) Where can I get it? Bash is the GNU project's shell, and so is available from the master GNU archive site, ftp.gnu.org, and its mirrors. The latest version is also available for FTP from ftp.cwru.edu. -The following URLs tell how to get version 4.1: +The following URLs tell how to get version 4.2: -ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-4.1.tar.gz -ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-4.1.tar.gz +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-4.2.tar.gz +ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-4.2.tar.gz Formatted versions of the documentation are available with the URLs: -ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-doc-4.1.tar.gz -ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-doc-4.1.tar.gz +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-doc-4.2.tar.gz +ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-doc-4.2.tar.gz Any patches for the current version are available with the URL: -ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-4.1-patches/ +ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-4.2-patches/ A4) On what machines will bash run? @@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ Mark began to work with bash-2.05, but I don't know the current status. Bash-3.0 compiles and runs with no modifications under Microsoft's Services for Unix (SFU), once known as Interix. I do not anticipate any problems -with building bash-4.1, but will gladly accept any patches that are needed. +with building bash-4.2, but will gladly accept any patches that are needed. A6) How can I build bash with gcc? @@ -388,14 +388,88 @@ They are also listed in a section in the Bash Reference Manual Section B: The latest version -B1) What's new in version 4.1? +B1) What's new in version 4.2? -Bash-4.1 is the first revision to the fourth major release of bash. +Bash-4.2 is the second revision to the fourth major release of bash. -Bash-4.1 contains the following new features (see the manual page for -complete descriptions and the CHANGES and NEWS files in the bash-4.1 +Bash-4.2 contains the following new features (see the manual page for +complete descriptions and the CHANGES and NEWS files in the bash-4.2 distribution): +o `exec -a foo' now sets $0 to `foo' in an executable shell script without a + leading #!. + +o Subshells begun to execute command substitutions or run shell functions or + builtins in subshells do not reset trap strings until a new trap is + specified. This allows $(trap) to display the caller's traps and the + trap strings to persist until a new trap is set. + +o `trap -p' will now show signals ignored at shell startup, though their + disposition still cannot be modified. + +o $'...', echo, and printf understand \uXXXX and \UXXXXXXXX escape sequences. + +o declare/typeset has a new `-g' option, which creates variables in the + global scope even when run in a shell function. + +o test/[/[[ have a new -v variable unary operator, which returns success if + `variable' has been set. + +o Posix parsing changes to allow `! time command' and multiple consecutive + instances of `!' (which toggle) and `time' (which have no cumulative + effect). + +o Posix change to allow `time' as a command by itself to print the elapsed + user, system, and real times for the shell and its children. + +o $((...)) is always parsed as an arithmetic expansion first, instead of as + a potential nested command substitution, as Posix requires. + +o A new FUNCNEST variable to allow the user to control the maximum shell + function nesting (recursive execution) level. + +o The mapfile builtin now supplies a third argument to the callback command: + the line about to be assigned to the supplied array index. + +o The printf builtin has as new %(fmt)T specifier, which allows time values + to use strftime-like formatting. + +o There is a new `compat41' shell option. + +o The cd builtin has a new Posix-mandated `-e' option. + +o Negative subscripts to indexed arrays, previously errors, now are treated + as offsets from the maximum assigned index + 1. + +o Negative length specifications in the ${var:offset:length} expansion, + previously errors, are now treated as offsets from the end of the variable. + +o Parsing change to allow `time -p --'. + +o Posix-mode parsing change to not recognize `time' as a keyword if the + following token begins with a `-'. This means no more Posix-mode + `time -p'. Posix interpretation 267. + +o There is a new `lastpipe' shell option that runs the last command of a + pipeline in the current shell context. The lastpipe option has no + effect if job control is enabled. + +o History expansion no longer expands the `$!' variable expansion. + +o Posix mode shells no longer exit if a variable assignment error occurs + with an assignment preceding a command that is not a special builtin. + +o Non-interactive mode shells exit if -u is enabled an an attempt is made + to use an unset variable with the % or # expansions, the `//', `^', or + `,' expansions, or the parameter length expansion. + +o Posix-mode shells use the argument passed to `.' as-is if a $PATH search + fails, effectively searching the current directory. Posix-2008 change. + +A short feature history dating back to Bash-2.0: + +Bash-4.1 contained the following new features: + o Here-documents within $(...) command substitutions may once more be delimited by the closing right paren, instead of requiring a newline. @@ -502,8 +576,6 @@ o New bindable readline variable: enable-meta-key. Controls whether or not readline sends the smm/rmm sequences if the terminal indicates it has a meta key that enables eight-bit characters. -A short feature history dating from Bash-2.0: - Bash-4.0 contained the following new features: o When using substring expansion on the positional parameters, a starting @@ -901,14 +973,14 @@ grammar tighter and smaller (66 reduce-reduce conflicts gone) lots of code now smaller and faster test suite greatly expanded -B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-4.1 and +B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-4.2 and previous bash versions? -There are a few incompatibilities between version 4.1 and previous +There are a few incompatibilities between version 4.2 and previous versions. They are detailed in the file COMPAT in the bash distribution. That file is not meant to be all-encompassing; send mail to bash-maintainers@gnu.org (or bug-bash@gnu.org if you would like -community discussion) if if you find something that's not mentioned there. +community discussion) if you find something that's not mentioned there. Section C: Differences from other Unix shells @@ -1118,7 +1190,7 @@ C3) Which new features in ksh-93 are not in bash, and which are? This list is current through ksh93t+ (05/05/2009) -New things in ksh-93 not in bash-4.1: +New things in ksh-93 not in bash-4.2: floating point arithmetic and variables math library functions ${!name[sub]} name of subscript for associative array @@ -1140,7 +1212,7 @@ New things in ksh-93 not in bash-4.1: `fc' has been renamed to `hist' `.' can execute shell functions getopts -a - printf %B, %H, %P, %R, %T, %Z modifiers, output base for %d, `=' flag + printf %B, %H, %P, %R, %Z modifiers, output base for %d, `=' flag read -n/-N differ/-v set -o showme/-o multiline (bash default) `sleep' and `getconf' builtins (bash has loadable versions) @@ -1148,16 +1220,14 @@ New things in ksh-93 not in bash-4.1: [[ -R name ]] (checks whether or not name is a nameref) typeset -C/-S/-T/-X/-h/-s experimental `type' definitions (a la typedef) using typeset - negative subscripts for indexed array variables array expansions ${array[sub1..sub2]} and ${!array[sub1..sub2]} associative array assignments using `;' as element separator command substitution $(n<#) expands to current byte offset for fd N new '${ ' form of command substitution, executed in current shell new >;/<>;/<#pat/<##pat/<#/># redirections brace expansion printf-like formats - [[ -v var ]] operators (checks whether or not var is set) -New things in ksh-93 present in bash-4.1: +New things in ksh-93 present in bash-4.2: associative arrays [n]<&word- and [n]>&word- redirections (combination dup and close) for (( expr1; expr2; expr3 )) ; do list; done - arithmetic for command @@ -1165,6 +1235,7 @@ New things in ksh-93 present in bash-4.1: expansions: ${!param}, ${param:offset[:len]}, ${param/pat[/str]}, ${!param*} compound array assignment + negative subscripts for indexed array variables the `!' reserved word loadable builtins -- but ksh uses `builtin' while bash uses `enable' new $'...' and $"..." quoting @@ -1174,6 +1245,7 @@ New things in ksh-93 present in bash-4.1: `command', `builtin', `disown' builtins echo -e exec -c/-a + printf %T modifier read -A (bash uses read -a) read -t/-d trap -p @@ -1193,6 +1265,7 @@ New things in ksh-93 present in bash-4.1: negative offsets in ${param:offset:length} redirection operators preceded with {varname} to store fd number in varname DEBUG can force skipping following command + [[ -v var ]] operator (checks whether or not var is set) Section D: Why does bash do some things differently than other Unix shells? @@ -1778,7 +1851,8 @@ compat40 set - the < and > operators to the [[ command do not consider the current locale when comparing strings - interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes the execution - of the entire list to be aborted + of the entire list to be aborted (in versions before bash-4.0, + interrupting one command in a list caused the next to be executed) Section F: Things to watch out for on certain Unix versions diff --git a/doc/Makefile.in b/doc/Makefile.in index 3e0e68b..493985b 100644 --- a/doc/Makefile.in +++ b/doc/Makefile.in @@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ html: ${HTMLFILES} pdf: ${PDFFILES} bashref.dvi: $(BASHREF_FILES) $(HSUSER) $(RLUSER) - ${SET_TEXINPUTS} $(TEXI2DVI) $(srcdir)/bashref.texi + ${SET_TEXINPUTS} $(TEXI2DVI) $(srcdir)/bashref.texi || { ${RM} $@ ; exit 1; } bashref.info: $(BASHREF_FILES) $(HSUSER) $(RLUSER) $(MAKEINFO) --no-split -I$(TEXINPUTDIR) $(srcdir)/bashref.texi @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS bbaasshh [options] [file] CCOOPPYYRRIIGGHHTT - Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2009 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2010 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN BBaasshh is an sshh-compatible command language interpreter that executes @@ -21,82 +21,81 @@ DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN 1003.1). BBaasshh can be configured to be POSIX-conformant by default. OOPPTTIIOONNSS - In addition to the single-character shell options documented in the - description of the sseett builtin command, bbaasshh interprets the following - options when it is invoked: + All of the single-character shell options documented in the descrip- + tion of the sseett builtin command can be used as options when the shell + is invoked. In addition, bbaasshh interprets the following options when it + is invoked: - --cc _s_t_r_i_n_g If the --cc option is present, then commands are read from - _s_t_r_i_n_g. If there are arguments after the _s_t_r_i_n_g, they are + --cc _s_t_r_i_n_g If the --cc option is present, then commands are read from + _s_t_r_i_n_g. If there are arguments after the _s_t_r_i_n_g, they are assigned to the positional parameters, starting with $$00. --ii If the --ii option is present, the shell is _i_n_t_e_r_a_c_t_i_v_e. --ll Make bbaasshh act as if it had been invoked as a login shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN below). - --rr If the --rr option is present, the shell becomes _r_e_s_t_r_i_c_t_e_d + --rr If the --rr option is present, the shell becomes _r_e_s_t_r_i_c_t_e_d (see RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL below). - --ss If the --ss option is present, or if no arguments remain after - option processing, then commands are read from the standard - input. This option allows the positional parameters to be + --ss If the --ss option is present, or if no arguments remain after + option processing, then commands are read from the standard + input. This option allows the positional parameters to be set when invoking an interactive shell. - --DD A list of all double-quoted strings preceded by $$ is printed - on the standard output. These are the strings that are sub- + --DD A list of all double-quoted strings preceded by $$ is printed + on the standard output. These are the strings that are sub- ject to language translation when the current locale is not CC - or PPOOSSIIXX. This implies the --nn option; no commands will be + or PPOOSSIIXX. This implies the --nn option; no commands will be executed. [[--++]]OO [[_s_h_o_p_t___o_p_t_i_o_n]] - _s_h_o_p_t___o_p_t_i_o_n is one of the shell options accepted by the - sshhoopptt builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). If + _s_h_o_p_t___o_p_t_i_o_n is one of the shell options accepted by the + sshhoopptt builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). If _s_h_o_p_t___o_p_t_i_o_n is present, --OO sets the value of that option; ++OO - unsets it. If _s_h_o_p_t___o_p_t_i_o_n is not supplied, the names and - values of the shell options accepted by sshhoopptt are printed on - the standard output. If the invocation option is ++OO, the - output is displayed in a format that may be reused as input. - ---- A ---- signals the end of options and disables further option - processing. Any arguments after the ---- are treated as file- + unsets it. If _s_h_o_p_t___o_p_t_i_o_n is not supplied, the names and + values of the shell options accepted by sshhoopptt are printed on + the standard output. If the invocation option is ++OO, the + output is displayed in a format that may be reused as input. + ---- A ---- signals the end of options and disables further option + processing. Any arguments after the ---- are treated as file- names and arguments. An argument of -- is equivalent to ----. - BBaasshh also interprets a number of multi-character options. These - options must appear on the command line before the single-character + BBaasshh also interprets a number of multi-character options. These + options must appear on the command line before the single-character options to be recognized. ----ddeebbuuggggeerr Arrange for the debugger profile to be executed before the shell - starts. Turns on extended debugging mode (see the description - of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin below) and shell - function tracing (see the description of the --oo ffuunnccttrraaccee option - to the sseett builtin below). + starts. Turns on extended debugging mode (see the description + of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin below). ----dduummpp--ppoo--ssttrriinnggss - Equivalent to --DD, but the output is in the GNU _g_e_t_t_e_x_t ppoo (por- + Equivalent to --DD, but the output is in the GNU _g_e_t_t_e_x_t ppoo (por- table object) file format. ----dduummpp--ssttrriinnggss Equivalent to --DD. - ----hheellpp Display a usage message on standard output and exit success- + ----hheellpp Display a usage message on standard output and exit success- fully. ----iinniitt--ffiillee _f_i_l_e ----rrccffiillee _f_i_l_e Execute commands from _f_i_l_e instead of the standard personal ini- - tialization file _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c if the shell is interactive (see + tialization file _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c if the shell is interactive (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN below). ----llooggiinn Equivalent to --ll. ----nnooeeddiittiinngg - Do not use the GNU rreeaaddlliinnee library to read command lines when + Do not use the GNU rreeaaddlliinnee library to read command lines when the shell is interactive. ----nnoopprrooffiillee - Do not read either the system-wide startup file _/_e_t_c_/_p_r_o_f_i_l_e or - any of the personal initialization files _~_/_._b_a_s_h___p_r_o_f_i_l_e, - _~_/_._b_a_s_h___l_o_g_i_n, or _~_/_._p_r_o_f_i_l_e. By default, bbaasshh reads these - files when it is invoked as a login shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN + Do not read either the system-wide startup file _/_e_t_c_/_p_r_o_f_i_l_e or + any of the personal initialization files _~_/_._b_a_s_h___p_r_o_f_i_l_e, + _~_/_._b_a_s_h___l_o_g_i_n, or _~_/_._p_r_o_f_i_l_e. By default, bbaasshh reads these + files when it is invoked as a login shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN below). ----nnoorrcc Do not read and execute the personal initialization file - _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c if the shell is interactive. This option is on by + _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c if the shell is interactive. This option is on by default if the shell is invoked as sshh. ----ppoossiixx - Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default operation differs + Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default operation differs from the POSIX standard to match the standard (_p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e). ----rreessttrriicctteedd @@ -106,113 +105,113 @@ OOPPTTIIOONNSS Equivalent to --vv. ----vveerrssiioonn - Show version information for this instance of bbaasshh on the stan- + Show version information for this instance of bbaasshh on the stan- dard output and exit successfully. AARRGGUUMMEENNTTSS If arguments remain after option processing, and neither the --cc nor the - --ss option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to be the - name of a file containing shell commands. If bbaasshh is invoked in this - fashion, $$00 is set to the name of the file, and the positional parame- - ters are set to the remaining arguments. BBaasshh reads and executes com- - mands from this file, then exits. BBaasshh's exit status is the exit sta- - tus of the last command executed in the script. If no commands are - executed, the exit status is 0. An attempt is first made to open the + --ss option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to be the + name of a file containing shell commands. If bbaasshh is invoked in this + fashion, $$00 is set to the name of the file, and the positional parame- + ters are set to the remaining arguments. BBaasshh reads and executes com- + mands from this file, then exits. BBaasshh's exit status is the exit sta- + tus of the last command executed in the script. If no commands are + executed, the exit status is 0. An attempt is first made to open the file in the current directory, and, if no file is found, then the shell searches the directories in PPAATTHH for the script. IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN - A _l_o_g_i_n _s_h_e_l_l is one whose first character of argument zero is a --, or + A _l_o_g_i_n _s_h_e_l_l is one whose first character of argument zero is a --, or one started with the ----llooggiinn option. - An _i_n_t_e_r_a_c_t_i_v_e shell is one started without non-option arguments and + An _i_n_t_e_r_a_c_t_i_v_e shell is one started without non-option arguments and without the --cc option whose standard input and error are both connected - to terminals (as determined by _i_s_a_t_t_y(3)), or one started with the --ii - option. PPSS11 is set and $$-- includes ii if bbaasshh is interactive, allowing + to terminals (as determined by _i_s_a_t_t_y(3)), or one started with the --ii + option. PPSS11 is set and $$-- includes ii if bbaasshh is interactive, allowing a shell script or a startup file to test this state. - The following paragraphs describe how bbaasshh executes its startup files. - If any of the files exist but cannot be read, bbaasshh reports an error. + The following paragraphs describe how bbaasshh executes its startup files. + If any of the files exist but cannot be read, bbaasshh reports an error. Tildes are expanded in file names as described below under TTiillddee EExxppaann-- ssiioonn in the EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN section. - When bbaasshh is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-inter- - active shell with the ----llooggiinn option, it first reads and executes com- - mands from the file _/_e_t_c_/_p_r_o_f_i_l_e, if that file exists. After reading + When bbaasshh is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-inter- + active shell with the ----llooggiinn option, it first reads and executes com- + mands from the file _/_e_t_c_/_p_r_o_f_i_l_e, if that file exists. After reading that file, it looks for _~_/_._b_a_s_h___p_r_o_f_i_l_e, _~_/_._b_a_s_h___l_o_g_i_n, and _~_/_._p_r_o_f_i_l_e, - in that order, and reads and executes commands from the first one that - exists and is readable. The ----nnoopprrooffiillee option may be used when the + in that order, and reads and executes commands from the first one that + exists and is readable. The ----nnoopprrooffiillee option may be used when the shell is started to inhibit this behavior. - When a login shell exits, bbaasshh reads and executes commands from the + When a login shell exits, bbaasshh reads and executes commands from the file _~_/_._b_a_s_h___l_o_g_o_u_t, if it exists. - When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started, bbaasshh - reads and executes commands from _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c, if that file exists. This - may be inhibited by using the ----nnoorrcc option. The ----rrccffiillee _f_i_l_e option - will force bbaasshh to read and execute commands from _f_i_l_e instead of + When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started, bbaasshh + reads and executes commands from _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c, if that file exists. This + may be inhibited by using the ----nnoorrcc option. The ----rrccffiillee _f_i_l_e option + will force bbaasshh to read and execute commands from _f_i_l_e instead of _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c. - When bbaasshh is started non-interactively, to run a shell script, for + When bbaasshh is started non-interactively, to run a shell script, for example, it looks for the variable BBAASSHH__EENNVV in the environment, expands - its value if it appears there, and uses the expanded value as the name - of a file to read and execute. BBaasshh behaves as if the following com- + its value if it appears there, and uses the expanded value as the name + of a file to read and execute. BBaasshh behaves as if the following com- mand were executed: if [ -n "$BASH_ENV" ]; then . "$BASH_ENV"; fi - but the value of the PPAATTHH variable is not used to search for the file + but the value of the PPAATTHH variable is not used to search for the file name. - If bbaasshh is invoked with the name sshh, it tries to mimic the startup - behavior of historical versions of sshh as closely as possible, while - conforming to the POSIX standard as well. When invoked as an interac- - tive login shell, or a non-interactive shell with the ----llooggiinn option, - it first attempts to read and execute commands from _/_e_t_c_/_p_r_o_f_i_l_e and - _~_/_._p_r_o_f_i_l_e, in that order. The ----nnoopprrooffiillee option may be used to - inhibit this behavior. When invoked as an interactive shell with the - name sshh, bbaasshh looks for the variable EENNVV, expands its value if it is - defined, and uses the expanded value as the name of a file to read and + If bbaasshh is invoked with the name sshh, it tries to mimic the startup + behavior of historical versions of sshh as closely as possible, while + conforming to the POSIX standard as well. When invoked as an interac- + tive login shell, or a non-interactive shell with the ----llooggiinn option, + it first attempts to read and execute commands from _/_e_t_c_/_p_r_o_f_i_l_e and + _~_/_._p_r_o_f_i_l_e, in that order. The ----nnoopprrooffiillee option may be used to + inhibit this behavior. When invoked as an interactive shell with the + name sshh, bbaasshh looks for the variable EENNVV, expands its value if it is + defined, and uses the expanded value as the name of a file to read and execute. Since a shell invoked as sshh does not attempt to read and exe- - cute commands from any other startup files, the ----rrccffiillee option has no - effect. A non-interactive shell invoked with the name sshh does not - attempt to read any other startup files. When invoked as sshh, bbaasshh + cute commands from any other startup files, the ----rrccffiillee option has no + effect. A non-interactive shell invoked with the name sshh does not + attempt to read any other startup files. When invoked as sshh, bbaasshh enters _p_o_s_i_x mode after the startup files are read. - When bbaasshh is started in _p_o_s_i_x mode, as with the ----ppoossiixx command line + When bbaasshh is started in _p_o_s_i_x mode, as with the ----ppoossiixx command line option, it follows the POSIX standard for startup files. In this mode, - interactive shells expand the EENNVV variable and commands are read and - executed from the file whose name is the expanded value. No other + interactive shells expand the EENNVV variable and commands are read and + executed from the file whose name is the expanded value. No other startup files are read. BBaasshh attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard input - connected to a a network connection, as if by the remote shell daemon, - usually _r_s_h_d, or the secure shell daemon _s_s_h_d. If bbaasshh determines it - is being run in this fashion, it reads and executes commands from - _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c, if that file exists and is readable. It will not do this if - invoked as sshh. The ----nnoorrcc option may be used to inhibit this behavior, - and the ----rrccffiillee option may be used to force another file to be read, - but _r_s_h_d does not generally invoke the shell with those options or - allow them to be specified. + connected to a network connection, as when executed by the remote shell + daemon, usually _r_s_h_d, or the secure shell daemon _s_s_h_d. If bbaasshh deter- + mines it is being run in this fashion, it reads and executes commands + from _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c, if that file exists and is readable. It will not do + this if invoked as sshh. The ----nnoorrcc option may be used to inhibit this + behavior, and the ----rrccffiillee option may be used to force another file to + be read, but _r_s_h_d does not generally invoke the shell with those + options or allow them to be specified. If the shell is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to the real user (group) id, and the --pp option is not supplied, no startup files are read, shell functions are not inherited from the environment, - the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS, BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS, CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if they - appear in the environment, are ignored, and the effective user id is - set to the real user id. If the --pp option is supplied at invocation, - the startup behavior is the same, but the effective user id is not + the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS, BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS, CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if they + appear in the environment, are ignored, and the effective user id is + set to the real user id. If the --pp option is supplied at invocation, + the startup behavior is the same, but the effective user id is not reset. DDEEFFIINNIITTIIOONNSS - The following definitions are used throughout the rest of this docu- + The following definitions are used throughout the rest of this docu- ment. bbllaannkk A space or tab. - wwoorrdd A sequence of characters considered as a single unit by the + wwoorrdd A sequence of characters considered as a single unit by the shell. Also known as a ttookkeenn. - nnaammee A _w_o_r_d consisting only of alphanumeric characters and under- - scores, and beginning with an alphabetic character or an under- + nnaammee A _w_o_r_d consisting only of alphanumeric characters and under- + scores, and beginning with an alphabetic character or an under- score. Also referred to as an iiddeennttiiffiieerr. mmeettaacchhaarraacctteerr - A character that, when unquoted, separates words. One of the + A character that, when unquoted, separates words. One of the following: || && ;; (( )) << >> ssppaaccee ttaabb ccoonnttrrooll ooppeerraattoorr @@ -223,52 +222,59 @@ DDEEFFIINNIITTIIOONNSS RREESSEERRVVEEDD WWOORRDDSS _R_e_s_e_r_v_e_d _w_o_r_d_s are words that have a special meaning to the shell. The following words are recognized as reserved when unquoted and either the - first word of a simple command (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR below) or the third + first word of a simple command (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR below) or the third word of a ccaassee or ffoorr command: - !! ccaassee ddoo ddoonnee eelliiff eellssee eessaacc ffii ffoorr ffuunnccttiioonn iiff iinn sseelleecctt tthheenn uunnttiill + !! ccaassee ddoo ddoonnee eelliiff eellssee eessaacc ffii ffoorr ffuunnccttiioonn iiff iinn sseelleecctt tthheenn uunnttiill wwhhiillee {{ }} ttiimmee [[[[ ]]]] SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR SSiimmppllee CCoommmmaannddss - A _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is a sequence of optional variable assignments fol- - lowed by bbllaannkk-separated words and redirections, and terminated by a + A _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is a sequence of optional variable assignments fol- + lowed by bbllaannkk-separated words and redirections, and terminated by a _c_o_n_t_r_o_l _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r. The first word specifies the command to be executed, - and is passed as argument zero. The remaining words are passed as + and is passed as argument zero. The remaining words are passed as arguments to the invoked command. - The return value of a _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is its exit status, or 128+_n if + The return value of a _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is its exit status, or 128+_n if the command is terminated by signal _n. PPiippeelliinneess - A _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e is a sequence of one or more commands separated by one of + A _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e is a sequence of one or more commands separated by one of the control operators || or ||&&. The format for a pipeline is: [ttiimmee [--pp]] [ ! ] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [ [|||||&&] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_2 ... ] - The standard output of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is connected via a pipe to the standard - input of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_2. This connection is performed before any redirec- + The standard output of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is connected via a pipe to the standard + input of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_2. This connection is performed before any redirec- tions specified by the command (see RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN below). If ||&& is used, the standard error of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is connected to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_2's standard input - through the pipe; it is shorthand for 22>>&&11 ||. This implicit redirect- + through the pipe; it is shorthand for 22>>&&11 ||. This implicit redirect- ion of the standard error is performed after any redirections specified by the command. The return status of a pipeline is the exit status of the last command, - unless the ppiippeeffaaiill option is enabled. If ppiippeeffaaiill is enabled, the - pipeline's return status is the value of the last (rightmost) command - to exit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands exit success- + unless the ppiippeeffaaiill option is enabled. If ppiippeeffaaiill is enabled, the + pipeline's return status is the value of the last (rightmost) command + to exit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands exit success- fully. If the reserved word !! precedes a pipeline, the exit status of - that pipeline is the logical negation of the exit status as described - above. The shell waits for all commands in the pipeline to terminate + that pipeline is the logical negation of the exit status as described + above. The shell waits for all commands in the pipeline to terminate before returning a value. - If the ttiimmee reserved word precedes a pipeline, the elapsed as well as - user and system time consumed by its execution are reported when the - pipeline terminates. The --pp option changes the output format to that - specified by POSIX. The TTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable may be set to a format - string that specifies how the timing information should be displayed; - see the description of TTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT under SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess below. + If the ttiimmee reserved word precedes a pipeline, the elapsed as well as + user and system time consumed by its execution are reported when the + pipeline terminates. The --pp option changes the output format to that + specified by POSIX. When the shell is in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, it does not rec- + ognize ttiimmee as a reserved word if the next token begins with a `-'. + The TTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable may be set to a format string that specifies + how the timing information should be displayed; see the description of + TTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT under SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess below. + + When the shell is in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, ttiimmee may be followed by a newline. In + this case, the shell displays the total user and system time consumed + by the shell and its children. The TTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable may be used to + specify the format of the time information. Each command in a pipeline is executed as a separate process (i.e., in a subshell). @@ -345,7 +351,7 @@ SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR tional operators such as --ff must be unquoted to be recognized as primaries. - When used with [[[[, The << and >> operators sort lexicographically + When used with [[[[, the << and >> operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. When the ==== and !!== operators are used, the string to the right @@ -458,117 +464,119 @@ SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR tus of the last command executed, or zero if no condition tested true. - wwhhiillee _l_i_s_t; ddoo _l_i_s_t; ddoonnee - uunnttiill _l_i_s_t; ddoo _l_i_s_t; ddoonnee - The wwhhiillee command continuously executes the ddoo _l_i_s_t as long as - the last command in _l_i_s_t returns an exit status of zero. The - uunnttiill command is identical to the wwhhiillee command, except that the - test is negated; the ddoo _l_i_s_t is executed as long as the last - command in _l_i_s_t returns a non-zero exit status. The exit status - of the wwhhiillee and uunnttiill commands is the exit status of the last - ddoo _l_i_s_t command executed, or zero if none was executed. + wwhhiillee _l_i_s_t_-_1; ddoo _l_i_s_t_-_2; ddoonnee + uunnttiill _l_i_s_t_-_1; ddoo _l_i_s_t_-_2; ddoonnee + The wwhhiillee command continuously executes the list _l_i_s_t_-_2 as long + as the last command in the list _l_i_s_t_-_1 returns an exit status of + zero. The uunnttiill command is identical to the wwhhiillee command, + except that the test is negated; _l_i_s_t_-_2 is executed as long as + the last command in _l_i_s_t_-_1 returns a non-zero exit status. The + exit status of the wwhhiillee and uunnttiill commands is the exit status + of the last command executed in _l_i_s_t_-_2, or zero if none was exe- + cuted. CCoopprroocceesssseess A _c_o_p_r_o_c_e_s_s is a shell command preceded by the ccoopprroocc reserved word. A - coprocess is executed asynchronously in a subshell, as if the command - had been terminated with the && control operator, with a two-way pipe + coprocess is executed asynchronously in a subshell, as if the command + had been terminated with the && control operator, with a two-way pipe established between the executing shell and the coprocess. The format for a coprocess is: ccoopprroocc [_N_A_M_E] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_i_o_n_s] - This creates a coprocess named _N_A_M_E. If _N_A_M_E is not supplied, the + This creates a coprocess named _N_A_M_E. If _N_A_M_E is not supplied, the default name is _C_O_P_R_O_C. _N_A_M_E must not be supplied if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is a _s_i_m_- _p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d (see above); otherwise, it is interpreted as the first word - of the simple command. When the coproc is executed, the shell creates - an array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) named _N_A_M_E in the context of the - executing shell. The standard output of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is connected via a - pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell, and that file - descriptor is assigned to _N_A_M_E[0]. The standard input of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is - connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell, and - that file descriptor is assigned to _N_A_M_E[1]. This pipe is established - before any redirections specified by the command (see RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN - below). The file descriptors can be utilized as arguments to shell - commands and redirections using standard word expansions. The process - id of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is available as the - value of the variable _N_A_M_E_PID. The wwaaiitt builtin command may be used + of the simple command. When the coproc is executed, the shell creates + an array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) named _N_A_M_E in the context of the + executing shell. The standard output of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is connected via a + pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell, and that file + descriptor is assigned to _N_A_M_E[0]. The standard input of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is + connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell, and + that file descriptor is assigned to _N_A_M_E[1]. This pipe is established + before any redirections specified by the command (see RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN + below). The file descriptors can be utilized as arguments to shell + commands and redirections using standard word expansions. The process + ID of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is available as the + value of the variable _N_A_M_E_PID. The wwaaiitt builtin command may be used to wait for the coprocess to terminate. The return status of a coprocess is the exit status of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. SShheellll FFuunnccttiioonn DDeeffiinniittiioonnss - A shell function is an object that is called like a simple command and - executes a compound command with a new set of positional parameters. + A shell function is an object that is called like a simple command and + executes a compound command with a new set of positional parameters. Shell functions are declared as follows: - [ ffuunnccttiioonn ] _n_a_m_e () _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_i_o_n] - This defines a function named _n_a_m_e. The reserved word ffuunnccttiioonn - is optional. If the ffuunnccttiioonn reserved word is supplied, the - parentheses are optional. The _b_o_d_y of the function is the com- - pound command _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d (see CCoommppoouunndd CCoommmmaannddss above). - That command is usually a _l_i_s_t of commands between { and }, but - may be any command listed under CCoommppoouunndd CCoommmmaannddss above. _c_o_m_- + _n_a_m_e () _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_i_o_n] + ffuunnccttiioonn _n_a_m_e [()] _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_i_o_n] + This defines a function named _n_a_m_e. The reserved word ffuunnccttiioonn + is optional. If the ffuunnccttiioonn reserved word is supplied, the + parentheses are optional. The _b_o_d_y of the function is the com- + pound command _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d (see CCoommppoouunndd CCoommmmaannddss above). + That command is usually a _l_i_s_t of commands between { and }, but + may be any command listed under CCoommppoouunndd CCoommmmaannddss above. _c_o_m_- _p_o_u_n_d_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed whenever _n_a_m_e is specified as the name - of a simple command. Any redirections (see RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN below) - specified when a function is defined are performed when the - function is executed. The exit status of a function definition + of a simple command. Any redirections (see RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN below) + specified when a function is defined are performed when the + function is executed. The exit status of a function definition is zero unless a syntax error occurs or a readonly function with the same name already exists. When executed, the exit status of - a function is the exit status of the last command executed in + a function is the exit status of the last command executed in the body. (See FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS below.) CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS In a non-interactive shell, or an interactive shell in which the iinntteerr-- - aaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss option to the sshhoopptt builtin is enabled (see SSHHEELLLL - BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), a word beginning with ## causes that word and - all remaining characters on that line to be ignored. An interactive - shell without the iinntteerraaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss option enabled does not allow + aaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss option to the sshhoopptt builtin is enabled (see SSHHEELLLL + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), a word beginning with ## causes that word and + all remaining characters on that line to be ignored. An interactive + shell without the iinntteerraaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss option enabled does not allow comments. The iinntteerraaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss option is on by default in interac- tive shells. QQUUOOTTIINNGG - _Q_u_o_t_i_n_g is used to remove the special meaning of certain characters or - words to the shell. Quoting can be used to disable special treatment + _Q_u_o_t_i_n_g is used to remove the special meaning of certain characters or + words to the shell. Quoting can be used to disable special treatment for special characters, to prevent reserved words from being recognized as such, and to prevent parameter expansion. - Each of the _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s listed above under DDEEFFIINNIITTIIOONNSS has special + Each of the _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s listed above under DDEEFFIINNIITTIIOONNSS has special meaning to the shell and must be quoted if it is to represent itself. - When the command history expansion facilities are being used (see HHIISS-- + When the command history expansion facilities are being used (see HHIISS-- TTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below), the _h_i_s_t_o_r_y _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n character, usually !!, must be quoted to prevent history expansion. - There are three quoting mechanisms: the _e_s_c_a_p_e _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r, single + There are three quoting mechanisms: the _e_s_c_a_p_e _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r, single quotes, and double quotes. - A non-quoted backslash (\\) is the _e_s_c_a_p_e _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r. It preserves the + A non-quoted backslash (\\) is the _e_s_c_a_p_e _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r. It preserves the literal value of the next character that follows, with the exception of - <newline>. If a \\<newline> pair appears, and the backslash is not - itself quoted, the \\<newline> is treated as a line continuation (that + <newline>. If a \\<newline> pair appears, and the backslash is not + itself quoted, the \\<newline> is treated as a line continuation (that is, it is removed from the input stream and effectively ignored). - Enclosing characters in single quotes preserves the literal value of + Enclosing characters in single quotes preserves the literal value of each character within the quotes. A single quote may not occur between single quotes, even when preceded by a backslash. - Enclosing characters in double quotes preserves the literal value of - all characters within the quotes, with the exception of $$, ``, \\, and, - when history expansion is enabled, !!. The characters $$ and `` retain - their special meaning within double quotes. The backslash retains its - special meaning only when followed by one of the following characters: - $$, ``, "", \\, or <<nneewwlliinnee>>. A double quote may be quoted within double + Enclosing characters in double quotes preserves the literal value of + all characters within the quotes, with the exception of $$, ``, \\, and, + when history expansion is enabled, !!. The characters $$ and `` retain + their special meaning within double quotes. The backslash retains its + special meaning only when followed by one of the following characters: + $$, ``, "", \\, or <<nneewwlliinnee>>. A double quote may be quoted within double quotes by preceding it with a backslash. If enabled, history expansion - will be performed unless an !! appearing in double quotes is escaped + will be performed unless an !! appearing in double quotes is escaped using a backslash. The backslash preceding the !! is not removed. - The special parameters ** and @@ have special meaning when in double + The special parameters ** and @@ have special meaning when in double quotes (see PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS below). Words of the form $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' are treated specially. The word expands to - _s_t_r_i_n_g, with backslash-escaped characters replaced as specified by the - ANSI C standard. Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded + _s_t_r_i_n_g, with backslash-escaped characters replaced as specified by the + ANSI C standard. Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded as follows: \\aa alert (bell) \\bb backspace @@ -582,178 +590,182 @@ QQUUOOTTIINNGG \\\\ backslash \\'' single quote \\"" double quote - \\_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value + \\_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value _n_n_n (one to three digits) - \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal + \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H (one or two hex digits) + \\uu_H_H_H_H the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H (one to four hex digits) + \\UU_H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H + the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H (one to eight hex digits) \\cc_x a control-_x character - The expanded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not + The expanded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not been present. A double-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign ($$"_s_t_r_i_n_g") will cause - the string to be translated according to the current locale. If the - current locale is CC or PPOOSSIIXX, the dollar sign is ignored. If the + the string to be translated according to the current locale. If the + current locale is CC or PPOOSSIIXX, the dollar sign is ignored. If the string is translated and replaced, the replacement is double-quoted. PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS - A _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an entity that stores values. It can be a _n_a_m_e, a num- + A _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an entity that stores values. It can be a _n_a_m_e, a num- ber, or one of the special characters listed below under SSppeecciiaall PPaarraamm-- - eetteerrss. A _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e is a parameter denoted by a _n_a_m_e. A variable has a - _v_a_l_u_e and zero or more _a_t_t_r_i_b_u_t_e_s. Attributes are assigned using the - ddeeccllaarree builtin command (see ddeeccllaarree below in SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS). + eetteerrss. A _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e is a parameter denoted by a _n_a_m_e. A variable has a + _v_a_l_u_e and zero or more _a_t_t_r_i_b_u_t_e_s. Attributes are assigned using the + ddeeccllaarree builtin command (see ddeeccllaarree below in SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS). A parameter is set if it has been assigned a value. The null string is - a valid value. Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using + a valid value. Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using the uunnsseett builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). A _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e may be assigned to by a statement of the form _n_a_m_e=[_v_a_l_u_e] - If _v_a_l_u_e is not given, the variable is assigned the null string. All - _v_a_l_u_e_s undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, com- - mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal (see EEXXPPAANN-- + If _v_a_l_u_e is not given, the variable is assigned the null string. All + _v_a_l_u_e_s undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, com- + mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal (see EEXXPPAANN-- SSIIOONN below). If the variable has its iinntteeggeerr attribute set, then _v_a_l_u_e is evaluated as an arithmetic expression even if the $((...)) expansion - is not used (see AArriitthhmmeettiicc EExxppaannssiioonn below). Word splitting is not - performed, with the exception of ""$$@@"" as explained below under SSppeecciiaall - PPaarraammeetteerrss. Pathname expansion is not performed. Assignment state- - ments may also appear as arguments to the aalliiaass, ddeeccllaarree, ttyyppeesseett, + is not used (see AArriitthhmmeettiicc EExxppaannssiioonn below). Word splitting is not + performed, with the exception of ""$$@@"" as explained below under SSppeecciiaall + PPaarraammeetteerrss. Pathname expansion is not performed. Assignment state- + ments may also appear as arguments to the aalliiaass, ddeeccllaarree, ttyyppeesseett, eexxppoorrtt, rreeaaddoonnllyy, and llooccaall builtin commands. - In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value to a + In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value to a shell variable or array index, the += operator can be used to append to or add to the variable's previous value. When += is applied to a vari- - able for which the integer attribute has been set, _v_a_l_u_e is evaluated - as an arithmetic expression and added to the variable's current value, + able for which the _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute has been set, _v_a_l_u_e is evaluated + as an arithmetic expression and added to the variable's current value, which is also evaluated. When += is applied to an array variable using - compound assignment (see AArrrraayyss below), the variable's value is not + compound assignment (see AArrrraayyss below), the variable's value is not unset (as it is when using =), and new values are appended to the array - beginning at one greater than the array's maximum index (for indexed + beginning at one greater than the array's maximum index (for indexed arrays) or added as additional key-value pairs in an associative array. - When applied to a string-valued variable, _v_a_l_u_e is expanded and + When applied to a string-valued variable, _v_a_l_u_e is expanded and appended to the variable's value. PPoossiittiioonnaall PPaarraammeetteerrss - A _p_o_s_i_t_i_o_n_a_l _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a parameter denoted by one or more digits, + A _p_o_s_i_t_i_o_n_a_l _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a parameter denoted by one or more digits, other than the single digit 0. Positional parameters are assigned from - the shell's arguments when it is invoked, and may be reassigned using - the sseett builtin command. Positional parameters may not be assigned to - with assignment statements. The positional parameters are temporarily + the shell's arguments when it is invoked, and may be reassigned using + the sseett builtin command. Positional parameters may not be assigned to + with assignment statements. The positional parameters are temporarily replaced when a shell function is executed (see FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS below). - When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single digit is + When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single digit is expanded, it must be enclosed in braces (see EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below). SSppeecciiaall PPaarraammeetteerrss - The shell treats several parameters specially. These parameters may + The shell treats several parameters specially. These parameters may only be referenced; assignment to them is not allowed. - ** Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When - the expansion occurs within double quotes, it expands to a sin- + ** Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When + the expansion occurs within double quotes, it expands to a sin- gle word with the value of each parameter separated by the first character of the IIFFSS special variable. That is, "$$**" is equiva- lent to "$$11_c$$22_c......", where _c is the first character of the value - of the IIFFSS variable. If IIFFSS is unset, the parameters are sepa- - rated by spaces. If IIFFSS is null, the parameters are joined + of the IIFFSS variable. If IIFFSS is unset, the parameters are sepa- + rated by spaces. If IIFFSS is null, the parameters are joined without intervening separators. - @@ Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When + @@ Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter expands to a separate word. That is, "$$@@" is equivalent to "$$11" - "$$22" ... If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, - the expansion of the first parameter is joined with the begin- - ning part of the original word, and the expansion of the last - parameter is joined with the last part of the original word. - When there are no positional parameters, "$$@@" and $$@@ expand to + "$$22" ... If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, + the expansion of the first parameter is joined with the begin- + ning part of the original word, and the expansion of the last + parameter is joined with the last part of the original word. + When there are no positional parameters, "$$@@" and $$@@ expand to nothing (i.e., they are removed). ## Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal. - ?? Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed fore- + ?? Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed fore- ground pipeline. - -- Expands to the current option flags as specified upon invoca- - tion, by the sseett builtin command, or those set by the shell + -- Expands to the current option flags as specified upon invoca- + tion, by the sseett builtin command, or those set by the shell itself (such as the --ii option). - $$ Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a () subshell, it - expands to the process ID of the current shell, not the sub- + $$ Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a () subshell, it + expands to the process ID of the current shell, not the sub- shell. - !! Expands to the process ID of the most recently executed back- + !! Expands to the process ID of the most recently executed back- ground (asynchronous) command. - 00 Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set + 00 Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set at shell initialization. If bbaasshh is invoked with a file of com- - mands, $$00 is set to the name of that file. If bbaasshh is started - with the --cc option, then $$00 is set to the first argument after - the string to be executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is - set to the file name used to invoke bbaasshh, as given by argument + mands, $$00 is set to the name of that file. If bbaasshh is started + with the --cc option, then $$00 is set to the first argument after + the string to be executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is + set to the file name used to invoke bbaasshh, as given by argument zero. - __ At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to invoke - the shell or shell script being executed as passed in the envi- - ronment or argument list. Subsequently, expands to the last - argument to the previous command, after expansion. Also set to - the full pathname used to invoke each command executed and + __ At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to invoke + the shell or shell script being executed as passed in the envi- + ronment or argument list. Subsequently, expands to the last + argument to the previous command, after expansion. Also set to + the full pathname used to invoke each command executed and placed in the environment exported to that command. When check- - ing mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file cur- + ing mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file cur- rently being checked. SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess The following variables are set by the shell: - BBAASSHH Expands to the full file name used to invoke this instance of + BBAASSHH Expands to the full file name used to invoke this instance of bbaasshh. BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS - A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in - the list is a valid argument for the --ss option to the sshhoopptt + A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in + the list is a valid argument for the --ss option to the sshhoopptt builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). The options - appearing in BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS are those reported as _o_n by sshhoopptt. If - this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts up, each - shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any + appearing in BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS are those reported as _o_n by sshhoopptt. If + this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts up, each + shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any startup files. This variable is read-only. BBAASSHHPPIIDD - Expands to the process id of the current bbaasshh process. This - differs from $$$$ under certain circumstances, such as subshells + Expands to the process ID of the current bbaasshh process. This + differs from $$$$ under certain circumstances, such as subshells that do not require bbaasshh to be re-initialized. BBAASSHH__AALLIIAASSEESS - An associative array variable whose members correspond to the - internal list of aliases as maintained by the aalliiaass builtin Ele- - ments added to this array appear in the alias list; unsetting - array elements cause aliases to be removed from the alias list. + An associative array variable whose members correspond to the + internal list of aliases as maintained by the aalliiaass builtin. + Elements added to this array appear in the alias list; unsetting + array elements cause aliases to be removed from the alias list. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC - An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in + An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in each frame of the current bbaasshh execution call stack. The number - of parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or - script executed with .. or ssoouurrccee) is at the top of the stack. - When a subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed + of parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or + script executed with .. or ssoouurrccee) is at the top of the stack. + When a subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed is pushed onto BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC. The shell sets BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC only when in - extended debugging mode (see the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg + extended debugging mode (see the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin below) BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV - An array variable containing all of the parameters in the cur- + An array variable containing all of the parameters in the cur- rent bbaasshh execution call stack. The final parameter of the last - subroutine call is at the top of the stack; the first parameter + subroutine call is at the top of the stack; the first parameter of the initial call is at the bottom. When a subroutine is exe- - cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV. The - shell sets BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV only when in extended debugging mode (see - the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin + cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV. The + shell sets BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV only when in extended debugging mode (see + the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin below) BBAASSHH__CCMMDDSS - An associative array variable whose members correspond to the - internal hash table of commands as maintained by the hhaasshh + An associative array variable whose members correspond to the + internal hash table of commands as maintained by the hhaasshh builtin. Elements added to this array appear in the hash table; - unsetting array elements cause commands to be removed from the + unsetting array elements cause commands to be removed from the hash table. BBAASSHH__CCOOMMMMAANNDD - The command currently being executed or about to be executed, + The command currently being executed or about to be executed, unless the shell is executing a command as the result of a trap, - in which case it is the command executing at the time of the + in which case it is the command executing at the time of the trap. BBAASSHH__EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN__SSTTRRIINNGG The command argument to the --cc invocation option. BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO - An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source - files corresponding to each member of FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE. - $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i]]}} is the line number in the source file where - $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} was called (or $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i_-_1]]}} if refer- - enced within another shell function). The corresponding source - file name is $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i]]}}. Use LLIINNEENNOO to obtain the cur- - rent line number. + An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source + files where each corresponding member of FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE was invoked. + $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i]]}} is the line number in the source file + ($${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}}) where $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} was called (or + $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i_-_1]]}} if referenced within another shell func- + tion). Use LLIINNEENNOO to obtain the current line number. BBAASSHH__RREEMMAATTCCHH An array variable whose members are assigned by the ==~~ binary operator to the [[[[ conditional command. The element with index @@ -762,30 +774,33 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS string matching the _nth parenthesized subexpression. This vari- able is read-only. BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE - An array variable whose members are the source filenames corre- - sponding to the elements in the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE array variable. + An array variable whose members are the source filenames where + the corresponding shell function names in the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE array + variable are defined. The shell function $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} is + defined in the file $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i]]}} and called from + $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}}. BBAASSHH__SSUUBBSSHHEELLLL - Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell environment + Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell environment is spawned. The initial value is 0. BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO A readonly array variable whose members hold version information - for this instance of bbaasshh. The values assigned to the array + for this instance of bbaasshh. The values assigned to the array members are as follows: - BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[0]] The major version number (the _r_e_l_e_a_s_e). - BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[1]] The minor version number (the _v_e_r_s_i_o_n). + BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[0]] The major version number (the _r_e_l_e_a_s_e). + BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[1]] The minor version number (the _v_e_r_s_i_o_n). BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[2]] The patch level. BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[3]] The build version. BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[4]] The release status (e.g., _b_e_t_a_1). BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[5]] The value of MMAACCHHTTYYPPEE. BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIIOONN - Expands to a string describing the version of this instance of + Expands to a string describing the version of this instance of bbaasshh. CCOOMMPP__CCWWOORRDD - An index into $${{CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS}} of the word containing the current + An index into $${{CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS}} of the word containing the current cursor position. This variable is available only in shell func- - tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see + tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). CCOOMMPP__KKEEYY @@ -793,98 +808,115 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS rent completion function. CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE - The current command line. This variable is available only in - shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro- - grammable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn + The current command line. This variable is available only in + shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro- + grammable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). CCOOMMPP__PPOOIINNTT - The index of the current cursor position relative to the begin- - ning of the current command. If the current cursor position is + The index of the current cursor position relative to the begin- + ning of the current command. If the current cursor position is at the end of the current command, the value of this variable is - equal to $${{##CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE}}. This variable is available only in - shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro- - grammable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn + equal to $${{##CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE}}. This variable is available only in + shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro- + grammable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). CCOOMMPP__TTYYPPEE - Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion - attempted that caused a completion function to be called: _T_A_B, - for normal completion, _?, for listing completions after succes- - sive tabs, _!, for listing alternatives on partial word comple- - tion, _@, to list completions if the word is not unmodified, or - _%, for menu completion. This variable is available only in - shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro- - grammable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn + Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion + attempted that caused a completion function to be called: _T_A_B, + for normal completion, _?, for listing completions after succes- + sive tabs, _!, for listing alternatives on partial word comple- + tion, _@, to list completions if the word is not unmodified, or + _%, for menu completion. This variable is available only in + shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro- + grammable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS - The set of characters that the rreeaaddlliinnee library treats as word - separators when performing word completion. If CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS - is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- + The set of characters that the rreeaaddlliinnee library treats as word + separators when performing word completion. If CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS + is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- quently reset. CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS - An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) consisting of the individ- - ual words in the current command line. The line is split into - words as rreeaaddlliinnee would split it, using CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS as + An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) consisting of the individ- + ual words in the current command line. The line is split into + words as rreeaaddlliinnee would split it, using CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS as described above. This variable is available only in shell func- - tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see + tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). + CCOOPPRROOCC An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) created to hold the file + descriptors for output from and input to an unnamed coprocess + (see CCoopprroocceesssseess above). + DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) containing the current con- - tents of the directory stack. Directories appear in the stack - in the order they are displayed by the ddiirrss builtin. Assigning + tents of the directory stack. Directories appear in the stack + in the order they are displayed by the ddiirrss builtin. Assigning to members of this array variable may be used to modify directo- - ries already in the stack, but the ppuusshhdd and ppooppdd builtins must + ries already in the stack, but the ppuusshhdd and ppooppdd builtins must be used to add and remove directories. Assignment to this vari- - able will not change the current directory. If DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK is - unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- + able will not change the current directory. If DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK is + unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- quently reset. - EEUUIIDD Expands to the effective user ID of the current user, initial- + EEUUIIDD Expands to the effective user ID of the current user, initial- ized at shell startup. This variable is readonly. FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE - An array variable containing the names of all shell functions + An array variable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the execution call stack. The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing shell function. The bot- - tom-most element is "main". This variable exists only when a - shell function is executing. Assignments to FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE have no - effect and return an error status. If FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE is unset, it - loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. - - GGRROOUUPPSS An array variable containing the list of groups of which the - current user is a member. Assignments to GGRROOUUPPSS have no effect - and return an error status. If GGRROOUUPPSS is unset, it loses its + tom-most element (the one with the highest index) is "main". + This variable exists only when a shell function is executing. + Assignments to FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE have no effect and return an error sta- + tus. If FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE is unset, it loses its special properties, + even if it is subsequently reset. + + This variable can be used with BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO and BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE. + Each element of FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE has corresponding elements in + BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO and BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE to describe the call stack. For + instance, $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} was called from the file + $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}} at line number $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i]]}}. The + ccaalllleerr builtin displays the current call stack using this infor- + mation. + + GGRROOUUPPSS An array variable containing the list of groups of which the + current user is a member. Assignments to GGRROOUUPPSS have no effect + and return an error status. If GGRROOUUPPSS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. HHIISSTTCCMMDD The history number, or index in the history list, of the current - command. If HHIISSTTCCMMDD is unset, it loses its special properties, + command. If HHIISSTTCCMMDD is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. HHOOSSTTNNAAMMEE Automatically set to the name of the current host. HHOOSSTTTTYYPPEE - Automatically set to a string that uniquely describes the type - of machine on which bbaasshh is executing. The default is system- + Automatically set to a string that uniquely describes the type + of machine on which bbaasshh is executing. The default is system- dependent. - LLIINNEENNOO Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a - decimal number representing the current sequential line number - (starting with 1) within a script or function. When not in a - script or function, the value substituted is not guaranteed to + LLIINNEENNOO Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a + decimal number representing the current sequential line number + (starting with 1) within a script or function. When not in a + script or function, the value substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful. If LLIINNEENNOO is unset, it loses its special proper- ties, even if it is subsequently reset. MMAACCHHTTYYPPEE - Automatically set to a string that fully describes the system - type on which bbaasshh is executing, in the standard GNU _c_p_u_-_c_o_m_- + Automatically set to a string that fully describes the system + type on which bbaasshh is executing, in the standard GNU _c_p_u_-_c_o_m_- _p_a_n_y_-_s_y_s_t_e_m format. The default is system-dependent. + MMAAPPFFIILLEE + An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) created to hold the text + read by the mmaappffiillee builtin when no variable name is supplied. + OOLLDDPPWWDD The previous working directory as set by the ccdd command. OOPPTTAARRGG The value of the last option argument processed by the ggeettooppttss @@ -913,6 +945,14 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. + RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE + The contents of the rreeaaddlliinnee line buffer, for use with "bind -x" + (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). + + RREEAADDLLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT + The position of the insertion point in the rreeaaddlliinnee line buffer, + for use with "bind -x" (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). + RREEPPLLYY Set to the line of input read by the rreeaadd builtin command when no arguments are supplied. @@ -948,144 +988,151 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion before being interpreted as a file name. PPAATTHH is not used to search for the resultant file name. - CCDDPPAATTHH The search path for the ccdd command. This is a colon-separated - list of directories in which the shell looks for destination - directories specified by the ccdd command. A sample value is - ".:~:/usr". BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD - If set to an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor, - bbaasshh will write the trace output generated when _s_e_t _-_x is - enabled to that file descriptor. The file descriptor is closed - when BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD is unset or assigned a new value. Unsetting - BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD or assigning it the empty string causes the trace - output to be sent to the standard error. Note that setting + If set to an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor, + bbaasshh will write the trace output generated when _s_e_t _-_x is + enabled to that file descriptor. The file descriptor is closed + when BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD is unset or assigned a new value. Unsetting + BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD or assigning it the empty string causes the trace + output to be sent to the standard error. Note that setting BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD to 2 (the standard error file descriptor) and then unsetting it will result in the standard error being closed. + CCDDPPAATTHH The search path for the ccdd command. This is a colon-separated + list of directories in which the shell looks for destination + directories specified by the ccdd command. A sample value is + ".:~:/usr". CCOOLLUUMMNNSS - Used by the sseelleecctt builtin command to determine the terminal + Used by the sseelleecctt compound command to determine the terminal width when printing selection lists. Automatically set upon - receipt of a SIGWINCH. + receipt of a SSIIGGWWIINNCCHH. CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY An array variable from which bbaasshh reads the possible completions generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable com- pletion facility (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). EEMMAACCSS If bbaasshh finds this variable in the environment when the shell starts with value "t", it assumes that the shell is running in - an emacs shell buffer and disables line editing. + an Emacs shell buffer and disables line editing. + EENNVV Similar to BBAASSHH__EENNVV; used when the shell is invoked in POSIX + mode. FFCCEEDDIITT The default editor for the ffcc builtin command. FFIIGGNNOORREE - A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing + A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing filename completion (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE below). A filename whose suf- - fix matches one of the entries in FFIIGGNNOORREE is excluded from the + fix matches one of the entries in FFIIGGNNOORREE is excluded from the list of matched filenames. A sample value is ".o:~". + FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT + If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum + function nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this + nesting level will cause the current command to abort. GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames to be ignored by pathname expansion. If a filename matched by a - pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in + pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE, it is removed from the list of matches. HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL - A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are - saved on the history list. If the list of values includes - _i_g_n_o_r_e_s_p_a_c_e, lines which begin with a ssppaaccee character are not - saved in the history list. A value of _i_g_n_o_r_e_d_u_p_s causes lines + A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are + saved on the history list. If the list of values includes + _i_g_n_o_r_e_s_p_a_c_e, lines which begin with a ssppaaccee character are not + saved in the history list. A value of _i_g_n_o_r_e_d_u_p_s causes lines matching the previous history entry to not be saved. A value of _i_g_n_o_r_e_b_o_t_h is shorthand for _i_g_n_o_r_e_s_p_a_c_e and _i_g_n_o_r_e_d_u_p_s. A value of _e_r_a_s_e_d_u_p_s causes all previous lines matching the current line - to be removed from the history list before that line is saved. - Any value not in the above list is ignored. If HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL is - unset, or does not include a valid value, all lines read by the + to be removed from the history list before that line is saved. + Any value not in the above list is ignored. If HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL is + unset, or does not include a valid value, all lines read by the shell parser are saved on the history list, subject to the value - of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line - compound command are not tested, and are added to the history + of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line + compound command are not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL. HHIISSTTFFIILLEE The name of the file in which command history is saved (see HHIISS-- - TTOORRYY below). The default value is _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y. If unset, - the command history is not saved when an interactive shell + TTOORRYY below). The default value is _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y. If unset, + the command history is not saved when an interactive shell exits. HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When - this variable is assigned a value, the history file is trun- - cated, if necessary, by removing the oldest entries, to contain - no more than that number of lines. The default value is 500. + this variable is assigned a value, the history file is trun- + cated, if necessary, by removing the oldest entries, to contain + no more than that number of lines. The default value is 500. The history file is also truncated to this size after writing it when an interactive shell exits. HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE - A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command - lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is - anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the com- - plete line (no implicit `**' is appended). Each pattern is - tested against the line after the checks specified by HHIISSTTCCOONN-- - TTRROOLL are applied. In addition to the normal shell pattern + A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command + lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is + anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the com- + plete line (no implicit `**' is appended). Each pattern is + tested against the line after the checks specified by HHIISSTTCCOONN-- + TTRROOLL are applied. In addition to the normal shell pattern matching characters, `&&' matches the previous history line. `&&' - may be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is removed + may be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound command are not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE. HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE - The number of commands to remember in the command history (see + The number of commands to remember in the command history (see HHIISSTTOORRYY below). The default value is 500. HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT - If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a + If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to print the time stamp associated - with each history entry displayed by the hhiissttoorryy builtin. If - this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history - file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses - the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from + with each history entry displayed by the hhiissttoorryy builtin. If + this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history + file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses + the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines. HHOOMMEE The home directory of the current user; the default argument for the ccdd builtin command. The value of this variable is also used when performing tilde expansion. HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE - Contains the name of a file in the same format as _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s + Contains the name of a file in the same format as _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s that should be read when the shell needs to complete a hostname. - The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while - the shell is running; the next time hostname completion is - attempted after the value is changed, bbaasshh adds the contents of - the new file to the existing list. If HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE is set, but has - no value, or does not name a readable file, bbaasshh attempts to - read _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s to obtain the list of possible hostname comple- + The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while + the shell is running; the next time hostname completion is + attempted after the value is changed, bbaasshh adds the contents of + the new file to the existing list. If HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE is set, but has + no value, or does not name a readable file, bbaasshh attempts to + read _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s to obtain the list of possible hostname comple- tions. When HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE is unset, the hostname list is cleared. - IIFFSS The _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_l _F_i_e_l_d _S_e_p_a_r_a_t_o_r that is used for word splitting - after expansion and to split lines into words with the rreeaadd + IIFFSS The _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_l _F_i_e_l_d _S_e_p_a_r_a_t_o_r that is used for word splitting + after expansion and to split lines into words with the rreeaadd builtin command. The default value is ``<space><tab><new- line>''. IIGGNNOORREEEEOOFF Controls the action of an interactive shell on receipt of an EEOOFF character as the sole input. If set, the value is the number of - consecutive EEOOFF characters which must be typed as the first - characters on an input line before bbaasshh exits. If the variable - exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, the - default value is 10. If it does not exist, EEOOFF signifies the + consecutive EEOOFF characters which must be typed as the first + characters on an input line before bbaasshh exits. If the variable + exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, the + default value is 10. If it does not exist, EEOOFF signifies the end of input to the shell. IINNPPUUTTRRCC - The filename for the rreeaaddlliinnee startup file, overriding the + The filename for the rreeaaddlliinnee startup file, overriding the default of _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE below). - LLAANNGG Used to determine the locale category for any category not + LLAANNGG Used to determine the locale category for any category not specifically selected with a variable starting with LLCC__. - LLCC__AALLLL This variable overrides the value of LLAANNGG and any other LLCC__ + LLCC__AALLLL This variable overrides the value of LLAANNGG and any other LLCC__ variable specifying a locale category. LLCC__CCOOLLLLAATTEE - This variable determines the collation order used when sorting - the results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior - of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating + This variable determines the collation order used when sorting + the results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior + of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating sequences within pathname expansion and pattern matching. LLCC__CCTTYYPPEE - This variable determines the interpretation of characters and - the behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and + This variable determines the interpretation of characters and + the behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and pattern matching. LLCC__MMEESSSSAAGGEESS - This variable determines the locale used to translate double- + This variable determines the locale used to translate double- quoted strings preceded by a $$. LLCC__NNUUMMEERRIICC - This variable determines the locale category used for number + This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting. - LLIINNEESS Used by the sseelleecctt builtin command to determine the column - length for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon + LLIINNEESS Used by the sseelleecctt compound command to determine the column + length for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a SSIIGGWWIINNCCHH. - MMAAIILL If this parameter is set to a file name and the MMAAIILLPPAATTHH vari- - able is not set, bbaasshh informs the user of the arrival of mail in - the specified file. + MMAAIILL If this parameter is set to a file or directory name and the + MMAAIILLPPAATTHH variable is not set, bbaasshh informs the user of the + arrival of mail in the specified file or Maildir-format direc- + tory. MMAAIILLCCHHEECCKK Specifies how often (in seconds) bbaasshh checks for mail. The default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check for mail, the @@ -1181,8 +1228,8 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS issuing the primary prompt. BBaasshh terminates after waiting for that number of seconds if input does not arrive. - TTMMPPDDIIRR If set, BBaasshh uses its value as the name of a directory in which - BBaasshh creates temporary files for the shell's use. + TTMMPPDDIIRR If set, bbaasshh uses its value as the name of a directory in which + bbaasshh creates temporary files for the shell's use. aauuttoo__rreessuummee This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and @@ -1227,10 +1274,12 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned to using the syntax _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]=_v_a_l_u_e. The _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is treated as - an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number greater than or - equal to zero. To explicitly declare an indexed array, use ddeeccllaarree --aa - _n_a_m_e (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e[[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]] is - also accepted; the _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ignored. + an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number. If _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t + evaluates to a number less than zero, it is used as an offset from one + greater than the array's maximum index (so a subcript of -1 refers to + the last element of the array). To explicitly declare an indexed + array, use ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). ddeeccllaarree + --aa _n_a_m_e[[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]] is also accepted; the _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ignored. Associative arrays are created using ddeeccllaarree --AA _n_a_m_e. @@ -1414,9 +1463,9 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN able; this variable is then expanded and that value is used in the rest of the substitution, rather than the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r itself. This is known as _i_n_d_i_r_e_c_t _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n. The exceptions to this are the expan- - sions of ${!_p_r_e_f_i_x*} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} described below. The exclamation - point must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce - indirection. + sions of ${!!\\ffPPffIIpprreeffiixx**} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} described below. The excla- + mation point must immediately follow the left brace in order to intro- + duce indirection. In each of the cases below, _w_o_r_d is subject to tilde expansion, parame- ter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. @@ -1445,113 +1494,117 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN substituted, otherwise the expansion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::_o_f_f_s_e_t} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::_o_f_f_s_e_t::_l_e_n_g_t_h} - SSuubbssttrriinngg EExxppaannssiioonn.. Expands to up to _l_e_n_g_t_h characters of + SSuubbssttrriinngg EExxppaannssiioonn. Expands to up to _l_e_n_g_t_h characters of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r starting at the character specified by _o_f_f_s_e_t. If _l_e_n_g_t_h is omitted, expands to the substring of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r start- ing at the character specified by _o_f_f_s_e_t. _l_e_n_g_t_h and _o_f_f_s_e_t are - arithmetic expressions (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN below). - _l_e_n_g_t_h must evaluate to a number greater than or equal to zero. - If _o_f_f_s_e_t evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is - used as an offset from the end of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@, the result is _l_e_n_g_t_h positional parameters - beginning at _o_f_f_s_e_t. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an indexed array name sub- - scripted by @ or *, the result is the _l_e_n_g_t_h members of the - array beginning with ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r[_o_f_f_s_e_t]}. A negative _o_f_f_s_e_t is - taken relative to one greater than the maximum index of the - specified array. Substring expansion applied to an associative - array produces undefined results. Note that a negative offset - must be separated from the colon by at least one space to avoid - being confused with the :- expansion. Substring indexing is - zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, in which - case the indexing starts at 1 by default. If _o_f_f_s_e_t is 0, and - the positional parameters are used, $$00 is prefixed to the list. + arithmetic expressions (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN below). If + _o_f_f_s_e_t evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is used + as an offset from the end of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _l_e_n_g_t_h + evaluates to a number less than zero, and _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is not @@ and + not an indexed or associative array, it is interpreted as an + offset from the end of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r rather than a num- + ber of characters, and the expansion is the characters between + the two offsets. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@, the result is _l_e_n_g_t_h posi- + tional parameters beginning at _o_f_f_s_e_t. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an + indexed array name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the + _l_e_n_g_t_h members of the array beginning with ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r[_o_f_f_s_e_t]}. + A negative _o_f_f_s_e_t is taken relative to one greater than the max- + imum index of the specified array. Substring expansion applied + to an associative array produces undefined results. Note that a + negative offset must be separated from the colon by at least one + space to avoid being confused with the :- expansion. Substring + indexing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are + used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by default. If + _o_f_f_s_e_t is 0, and the positional parameters are used, $$00 is pre- + fixed to the list. ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x**} ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x@@} - NNaammeess mmaattcchhiinngg pprreeffiixx.. Expands to the names of variables whose + NNaammeess mmaattcchhiinngg pprreeffiixx. Expands to the names of variables whose names begin with _p_r_e_f_i_x, separated by the first character of the - IIFFSS special variable. When _@ is used and the expansion appears - within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate + IIFFSS special variable. When _@ is used and the expansion appears + within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate word. ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} ${!!_n_a_m_e[_*]} - LLiisstt ooff aarrrraayy kkeeyyss.. If _n_a_m_e is an array variable, expands to - the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _n_a_m_e. If _n_a_m_e is - not an array, expands to 0 if _n_a_m_e is set and null otherwise. - When _@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, + LLiisstt ooff aarrrraayy kkeeyyss. If _n_a_m_e is an array variable, expands to + the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _n_a_m_e. If _n_a_m_e is + not an array, expands to 0 if _n_a_m_e is set and null otherwise. + When _@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, each key expands to a separate word. ${##_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r} - PPaarraammeetteerr lleennggtthh.. The length in characters of the value of - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is ** or @@, the value - substituted is the number of positional parameters. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_- - _t_e_r is an array name subscripted by ** or @@, the value substi- + PPaarraammeetteerr lleennggtthh. The length in characters of the value of + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is ** or @@, the value + substituted is the number of positional parameters. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_- + _t_e_r is an array name subscripted by ** or @@, the value substi- tuted is the number of elements in the array. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r##_w_o_r_d} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r####_w_o_r_d} - RReemmoovvee mmaattcchhiinngg pprreeffiixx ppaatttteerrnn.. The _w_o_r_d is expanded to produce + RReemmoovvee mmaattcchhiinngg pprreeffiixx ppaatttteerrnn. The _w_o_r_d is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. If the pattern matches - the beginning of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of the - expansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest - matching pattern (the ``##'' case) or the longest matching pat- - tern (the ``####'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the - pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame- + the beginning of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of the + expansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest + matching pattern (the ``##'' case) or the longest matching pat- + tern (the ``####'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the + pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame- ter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_- - _e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the pattern - removal operation is applied to each member of the array in + _e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the pattern + removal operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r%%_w_o_r_d} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r%%%%_w_o_r_d} - RReemmoovvee mmaattcchhiinngg ssuuffffiixx ppaatttteerrnn.. The _w_o_r_d is expanded to produce + RReemmoovvee mmaattcchhiinngg ssuuffffiixx ppaatttteerrnn. The _w_o_r_d is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. If the pattern matches - a trailing portion of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the - result of the expansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with - the shortest matching pattern (the ``%%'' case) or the longest - matching pattern (the ``%%%%'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ - or **, the pattern removal operation is applied to each posi- - tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant - list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or - **, the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of + a trailing portion of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the + result of the expansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with + the shortest matching pattern (the ``%%'' case) or the longest + matching pattern (the ``%%%%'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ + or **, the pattern removal operation is applied to each posi- + tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant + list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or + **, the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r//_p_a_t_t_e_r_n//_s_t_r_i_n_g} - PPaatttteerrnn ssuubbssttiittuuttiioonn.. The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to produce a pat- - tern just as in pathname expansion. _P_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is expanded and - the longest match of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n against its value is replaced with - _s_t_r_i_n_g. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with //, all matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are - replaced with _s_t_r_i_n_g. Normally only the first match is + PPaatttteerrnn ssuubbssttiittuuttiioonn. The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to produce a pat- + tern just as in pathname expansion. _P_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is expanded and + the longest match of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n against its value is replaced with + _s_t_r_i_n_g. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with //, all matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are + replaced with _s_t_r_i_n_g. Normally only the first match is replaced. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with ##, it must match at the begin- ning of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with - %%, it must match at the end of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. + %%, it must match at the end of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _s_t_r_i_n_g is null, matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are deleted and the // fol- lowing _p_a_t_t_e_r_n may be omitted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the sub- - stitution operation is applied to each positional parameter in - turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is - an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the substitution - operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and + stitution operation is applied to each positional parameter in + turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is + an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the substitution + operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r^^_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r^^^^_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r,,_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r,,,,_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} - CCaassee mmooddiiffiiccaattiioonn.. This expansion modifies the case of alpha- - betic characters in _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to pro- - duce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. The ^^ operator - converts lowercase letters matching _p_a_t_t_e_r_n to uppercase; the ,, - operator converts matching uppercase letters to lowercase. The - ^^^^ and ,,,, expansions convert each matched character in the - expanded value; the ^^ and ,, expansions match and convert only - the first character in the expanded value.. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is omit- - ted, it is treated like a ??, which matches every character. If - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the case modification operation is applied - to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the - resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted - with @@ or **, the case modification operation is applied to each - member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant + CCaassee mmooddiiffiiccaattiioonn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha- + betic characters in _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to pro- + duce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. The ^^ operator + converts lowercase letters matching _p_a_t_t_e_r_n to uppercase; the ,, + operator converts matching uppercase letters to lowercase. The + ^^^^ and ,,,, expansions convert each matched character in the + expanded value; the ^^ and ,, expansions match and convert only + the first character in the expanded value. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is omit- + ted, it is treated like a ??, which matches every character. If + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the case modification operation is applied + to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the + resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted + with @@ or **, the case modification operation is applied to each + member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. CCoommmmaanndd SSuubbssttiittuuttiioonn @@ -1564,160 +1617,162 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN ``_c_o_m_m_a_n_d`` BBaasshh performs the expansion by executing _c_o_m_m_a_n_d and replacing the com- - mand substitution with the standard output of the command, with any + mand substitution with the standard output of the command, with any trailing newlines deleted. Embedded newlines are not deleted, but they - may be removed during word splitting. The command substitution $$((ccaatt + may be removed during word splitting. The command substitution $$((ccaatt _f_i_l_e)) can be replaced by the equivalent but faster $$((<< _f_i_l_e)). - When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash - retains its literal meaning except when followed by $$, ``, or \\. The + When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash + retains its literal meaning except when followed by $$, ``, or \\. The first backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command sub- - stitution. When using the $(_c_o_m_m_a_n_d) form, all characters between the + stitution. When using the $(_c_o_m_m_a_n_d) form, all characters between the parentheses make up the command; none are treated specially. Command substitutions may be nested. To nest when using the backquoted form, escape the inner backquotes with backslashes. - If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and + If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and pathname expansion are not performed on the results. AArriitthhmmeettiicc EExxppaannssiioonn - Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression - and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan- + Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression + and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan- sion is: $$((((_e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n)))) - The _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a - double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially. All + The _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a + double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially. All tokens in the expression undergo parameter expansion, string expansion, - command substitution, and quote removal. Arithmetic expansions may be + command substitution, and quote removal. Arithmetic expansions may be nested. - The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under + The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN. If _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is invalid, bbaasshh prints a message indicating failure and no substitution occurs. PPrroocceessss SSuubbssttiittuuttiioonn - _P_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n is supported on systems that support named pipes - (_F_I_F_O_s) or the //ddeevv//ffdd method of naming open files. It takes the form - of <<((_l_i_s_t)) or >>((_l_i_s_t)). The process _l_i_s_t is run with its input or out- + _P_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n is supported on systems that support named pipes + (_F_I_F_O_s) or the //ddeevv//ffdd method of naming open files. It takes the form + of <<((_l_i_s_t)) or >>((_l_i_s_t)). The process _l_i_s_t is run with its input or out- put connected to a _F_I_F_O or some file in //ddeevv//ffdd. The name of this file - is passed as an argument to the current command as the result of the - expansion. If the >>((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, writing to the file will pro- - vide input for _l_i_s_t. If the <<((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, the file passed as + is passed as an argument to the current command as the result of the + expansion. If the >>((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, writing to the file will pro- + vide input for _l_i_s_t. If the <<((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, the file passed as an argument should be read to obtain the output of _l_i_s_t. - When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with - parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic + When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with + parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg - The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu- - tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes + The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu- + tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes for _w_o_r_d _s_p_l_i_t_t_i_n_g. - The shell treats each character of IIFFSS as a delimiter, and splits the + The shell treats each character of IIFFSS as a delimiter, and splits the results of the other expansions into words on these characters. If IIFFSS - is unset, or its value is exactly <<ssppaaccee>><<ttaabb>><<nneewwlliinnee>>, the default, - then sequences of <<ssppaaccee>>, <<ttaabb>>, and <<nneewwlliinnee>> at the beginning and - end of the results of the previous expansions are ignored, and any - sequence of IIFFSS characters not at the beginning or end serves to - delimit words. If IIFFSS has a value other than the default, then + is unset, or its value is exactly <<ssppaaccee>><<ttaabb>><<nneewwlliinnee>>, the default, + then sequences of <<ssppaaccee>>, <<ttaabb>>, and <<nneewwlliinnee>> at the beginning and + end of the results of the previous expansions are ignored, and any + sequence of IIFFSS characters not at the beginning or end serves to + delimit words. If IIFFSS has a value other than the default, then sequences of the whitespace characters ssppaaccee and ttaabb are ignored at the - beginning and end of the word, as long as the whitespace character is - in the value of IIFFSS (an IIFFSS whitespace character). Any character in - IIFFSS that is not IIFFSS whitespace, along with any adjacent IIFFSS whitespace - characters, delimits a field. A sequence of IIFFSS whitespace characters - is also treated as a delimiter. If the value of IIFFSS is null, no word + beginning and end of the word, as long as the whitespace character is + in the value of IIFFSS (an IIFFSS whitespace character). Any character in + IIFFSS that is not IIFFSS whitespace, along with any adjacent IIFFSS whitespace + characters, delimits a field. A sequence of IIFFSS whitespace characters + is also treated as a delimiter. If the value of IIFFSS is null, no word splitting occurs. - Explicit null arguments ("""" or '''') are retained. Unquoted implicit + Explicit null arguments ("""" or '''') are retained. Unquoted implicit null arguments, resulting from the expansion of parameters that have no - values, are removed. If a parameter with no value is expanded within + values, are removed. If a parameter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a null argument results and is retained. Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting is performed. PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn - After word splitting, unless the --ff option has been set, bbaasshh scans - each word for the characters **, ??, and [[. If one of these characters - appears, then the word is regarded as a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and replaced with an - alphabetically sorted list of file names matching the pattern. If no - matching file names are found, and the shell option nnuullllgglloobb is not - enabled, the word is left unchanged. If the nnuullllgglloobb option is set, - and no matches are found, the word is removed. If the ffaaiillgglloobb shell - option is set, and no matches are found, an error message is printed - and the command is not executed. If the shell option nnooccaasseegglloobb is - enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha- - betic characters. When a pattern is used for pathname expansion, the - character ````..'''' at the start of a name or immediately following a - slash must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option ddoottgglloobb is - set. When matching a pathname, the slash character must always be - matched explicitly. In other cases, the ````..'''' character is not - treated specially. See the description of sshhoopptt below under SSHHEELLLL - BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for a description of the nnooccaasseegglloobb, nnuullllgglloobb, ffaaiill-- + After word splitting, unless the --ff option has been set, bbaasshh scans + each word for the characters **, ??, and [[. If one of these characters + appears, then the word is regarded as a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and replaced with an + alphabetically sorted list of file names matching the pattern. If no + matching file names are found, and the shell option nnuullllgglloobb is not + enabled, the word is left unchanged. If the nnuullllgglloobb option is set, + and no matches are found, the word is removed. If the ffaaiillgglloobb shell + option is set, and no matches are found, an error message is printed + and the command is not executed. If the shell option nnooccaasseegglloobb is + enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha- + betic characters. When a pattern is used for pathname expansion, the + character ````..'''' at the start of a name or immediately following a + slash must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option ddoottgglloobb is + set. When matching a pathname, the slash character must always be + matched explicitly. In other cases, the ````..'''' character is not + treated specially. See the description of sshhoopptt below under SSHHEELLLL + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for a description of the nnooccaasseegglloobb, nnuullllgglloobb, ffaaiill-- gglloobb, and ddoottgglloobb shell options. - The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file - names matching a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. If GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set, each matching file - name that also matches one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is removed + The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file + names matching a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. If GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set, each matching file + name that also matches one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is removed from the list of matches. The file names ````..'''' and ````....'''' are always - ignored when GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set and not null. However, setting GGLLOOBBIIGG-- - NNOORREE to a non-null value has the effect of enabling the ddoottgglloobb shell + ignored when GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set and not null. However, setting GGLLOOBBIIGG-- + NNOORREE to a non-null value has the effect of enabling the ddoottgglloobb shell option, so all other file names beginning with a ````..'''' will match. To - get the old behavior of ignoring file names beginning with a ````..'''', - make ````..**'''' one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE. The ddoottgglloobb option is + get the old behavior of ignoring file names beginning with a ````..'''', + make ````..**'''' one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE. The ddoottgglloobb option is disabled when GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is unset. PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern - characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not - occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the - escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern + characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not + occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the + escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern characters must be quoted if they are to be matched literally. The special pattern characters have the following meanings: - ** Matches any string, including the null string. When the gglloobb-- - ssttaarr shell option is enabled, and ** is used in a pathname expan- - sion context, two adjacent **s used as a single pattern will - match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories. - If followed by a //, two adjacent **s will match only directories - and subdirectories. - ?? Matches any single character. - [[......]] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of charac- - ters separated by a hyphen denotes a _r_a_n_g_e _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n; any char- - acter that sorts between those two characters, inclusive, using - the current locale's collating sequence and character set, is - matched. If the first character following the [[ is a !! or a ^^ - then any character not enclosed is matched. The sorting order - of characters in range expressions is determined by the current - locale and the value of the LLCC__CCOOLLLLAATTEE shell variable, if set. - A -- may be matched by including it as the first or last charac- - ter in the set. A ]] may be matched by including it as the first - character in the set. - - Within [[ and ]], _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r _c_l_a_s_s_e_s can be specified using the - syntax [[::_c_l_a_s_s::]], where _c_l_a_s_s is one of the following classes - defined in the POSIX standard: - aallnnuumm aallpphhaa aasscciiii bbllaannkk ccnnttrrll ddiiggiitt ggrraapphh lloowweerr pprriinntt ppuunncctt - ssppaaccee uuppppeerr wwoorrdd xxddiiggiitt - A character class matches any character belonging to that class. - The wwoorrdd character class matches letters, digits, and the char- - acter _. - - Within [[ and ]], an _e_q_u_i_v_a_l_e_n_c_e _c_l_a_s_s can be specified using the - syntax [[==_c==]], which matches all characters with the same colla- - tion weight (as defined by the current locale) as the character - _c. - - Within [[ and ]], the syntax [[.._s_y_m_b_o_l..]] matches the collating sym- - bol _s_y_m_b_o_l. + ** Matches any string, including the null string. When the + gglloobbssttaarr shell option is enabled, and ** is used in a + pathname expansion context, two adjacent **s used as a + single pattern will match all files and zero or more + directories and subdirectories. If followed by a //, two + adjacent **s will match only directories and subdirecto- + ries. + ?? Matches any single character. + [[......]] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of + characters separated by a hyphen denotes a _r_a_n_g_e _e_x_p_r_e_s_- + _s_i_o_n; any character that sorts between those two charac- + ters, inclusive, using the current locale's collating + sequence and character set, is matched. If the first + character following the [[ is a !! or a ^^ then any charac- + ter not enclosed is matched. The sorting order of char- + acters in range expressions is determined by the current + locale and the value of the LLCC__CCOOLLLLAATTEE shell variable, if + set. A -- may be matched by including it as the first or + last character in the set. A ]] may be matched by includ- + ing it as the first character in the set. + + Within [[ and ]], _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r _c_l_a_s_s_e_s can be specified using + the syntax [[::_c_l_a_s_s::]], where _c_l_a_s_s is one of the following + classes defined in the POSIX standard: + aallnnuumm aallpphhaa aasscciiii bbllaannkk ccnnttrrll ddiiggiitt ggrraapphh lloowweerr pprriinntt + ppuunncctt ssppaaccee uuppppeerr wwoorrdd xxddiiggiitt + A character class matches any character belonging to that + class. The wwoorrdd character class matches letters, digits, + and the character _. + + Within [[ and ]], an _e_q_u_i_v_a_l_e_n_c_e _c_l_a_s_s can be specified + using the syntax [[==_c==]], which matches all characters with + the same collation weight (as defined by the current + locale) as the character _c. + + Within [[ and ]], the syntax [[.._s_y_m_b_o_l..]] matches the collat- + ing symbol _s_y_m_b_o_l. If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, several - extended pattern matching operators are recognized. In the following + extended pattern matching operators are recognized. In the following description, a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_-_l_i_s_t is a list of one or more patterns separated by a ||. Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the fol- lowing sub-patterns: @@ -1735,55 +1790,55 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN QQuuoottee RReemmoovvaall After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the charac- - ters \\, '', and "" that did not result from one of the above expansions + ters \\, '', and "" that did not result from one of the above expansions are removed. RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN - Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_e_d - using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection may - also be used to open and close files for the current shell execution + Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_e_d + using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection may + also be used to open and close files for the current shell execution environment. The following redirection operators may precede or appear anywhere within a _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or may follow a _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. Redirections are processed in the order they appear, from left to right. - Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may + Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may instead be preceded by a word of the form {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}. In this case, for each redirection operator except >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate a - file descriptor greater than 10 and assign it to _v_a_r_n_a_m_e. If >&- or - <&- is preceded by {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}, the value of _v_a_r_n_a_m_e defines the file + file descriptor greater than 10 and assign it to _v_a_r_n_a_m_e. If >&- or + <&- is preceded by {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}, the value of _v_a_r_n_a_m_e defines the file descriptor to close. - In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit- - ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <<, the re- - direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the - first character of the redirection operator is >>, the redirection + In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit- + ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <<, the re- + direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the + first character of the redirection operator is >>, the redirection refers to the standard output (file descriptor 1). - The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip- - tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde + The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip- + tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expan- - sion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word splitting. If it + sion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word splitting. If it expands to more than one word, bbaasshh reports an error. - Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the + Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the command ls >> dirlist 2>>&&1 - directs both standard output and standard error to the file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, + directs both standard output and standard error to the file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, while the command ls 2>>&&1 >> dirlist - directs only the standard output to file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, because the standard - error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard out- + directs only the standard output to file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, because the standard + error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard out- put was redirected to _d_i_r_l_i_s_t. BBaasshh handles several filenames specially when they are used in redirec- tions, as described in the following table: //ddeevv//ffdd//_f_d - If _f_d is a valid integer, file descriptor _f_d is dupli- + If _f_d is a valid integer, file descriptor _f_d is dupli- cated. //ddeevv//ssttddiinn File descriptor 0 is duplicated. @@ -1793,22 +1848,22 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN File descriptor 2 is duplicated. //ddeevv//ttccpp//_h_o_s_t//_p_o_r_t If _h_o_s_t is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _p_o_r_t - is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts + is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts to open a TCP connection to the corresponding socket. //ddeevv//uuddpp//_h_o_s_t//_p_o_r_t If _h_o_s_t is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _p_o_r_t - is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts + is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts to open a UDP connection to the corresponding socket. A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail. - Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with - care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter- + Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with + care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter- nally. RReeddiirreeccttiinngg IInnppuutt Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from the expan- - sion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for reading on file descriptor _n, or the + sion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for reading on file descriptor _n, or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if _n is not specified. The general format for redirecting input is: @@ -1816,27 +1871,27 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<_w_o_r_d RReeddiirreeccttiinngg OOuuttppuutt - Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the + Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for writing on file descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. If the file - does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero + does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero size. The general format for redirecting output is: [_n]>>_w_o_r_d - If the redirection operator is >>, and the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett - builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose - name results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d exists and is a regular file. + If the redirection operator is >>, and the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett + builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose + name results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d exists and is a regular file. If the redirection operator is >>||, or the redirection operator is >> and the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett builtin command is not enabled, the re- direction is attempted even if the file named by _w_o_r_d exists. AAppppeennddiinngg RReeddiirreecctteedd OOuuttppuutt - Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name - results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for appending on file - descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not + Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name + results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for appending on file + descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. If the file does not exist it is created. The general format for appending output is: @@ -1845,11 +1900,11 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN RReeddiirreeccttiinngg SSttaannddaarrdd OOuuttppuutt aanndd SSttaannddaarrdd EErrrroorr - This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and - the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the + This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and + the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d. - There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard + There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard error: &&>>_w_o_r_d @@ -1863,8 +1918,8 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN AAppppeennddiinngg SSttaannddaarrdd OOuuttppuutt aanndd SSttaannddaarrdd EErrrroorr - This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and - the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the + This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and + the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d. The format for appending standard output and standard error is: @@ -1876,9 +1931,9 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN >>>>_w_o_r_d 2>>&&1 HHeerree DDooccuummeennttss - This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the + This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until a line containing only _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r (with no trailing - blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used + blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the standard input for a command. The format of here-documents is: @@ -1887,18 +1942,18 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN _h_e_r_e_-_d_o_c_u_m_e_n_t _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r - No parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, or + No parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, or pathname expansion is performed on _w_o_r_d. If any characters in _w_o_r_d are - quoted, the _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r is the result of quote removal on _w_o_r_d, and the - lines in the here-document are not expanded. If _w_o_r_d is unquoted, all - lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter expansion, com- - mand substitution, and arithmetic expansion. In the latter case, the - character sequence \\<<nneewwlliinnee>> is ignored, and \\ must be used to quote + quoted, the _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r is the result of quote removal on _w_o_r_d, and the + lines in the here-document are not expanded. If _w_o_r_d is unquoted, all + lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter expansion, com- + mand substitution, and arithmetic expansion. In the latter case, the + character sequence \\<<nneewwlliinnee>> is ignored, and \\ must be used to quote the characters \\, $$, and ``. If the redirection operator is <<<<--, then all leading tab characters are - stripped from input lines and the line containing _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r. This - allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural + stripped from input lines and the line containing _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r. This + allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural fashion. HHeerree SSttrriinnggss @@ -1914,20 +1969,20 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<&&_w_o_r_d is used to duplicate input file descriptors. If _w_o_r_d expands to one or - more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _n is made to be a copy of - that file descriptor. If the digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file - descriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evalu- - ates to --, file descriptor _n is closed. If _n is not specified, the + more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _n is made to be a copy of + that file descriptor. If the digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file + descriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evalu- + ates to --, file descriptor _n is closed. If _n is not specified, the standard input (file descriptor 0) is used. The operator [_n]>>&&_w_o_r_d - is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _n is not - specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the - digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re- - direction error occurs. As a special case, if _n is omitted, and _w_o_r_d + is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _n is not + specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the + digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re- + direction error occurs. As a special case, if _n is omitted, and _w_o_r_d does not expand to one or more digits, the standard output and standard error are redirected as described previously. @@ -1936,7 +1991,7 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<&&_d_i_g_i_t-- - moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard + moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if _n is not specified. _d_i_g_i_t is closed after being duplicated to _n. @@ -1944,7 +1999,7 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]>>&&_d_i_g_i_t-- - moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard + moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. OOppeenniinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss ffoorr RReeaaddiinngg aanndd WWrriittiinngg @@ -1952,111 +2007,117 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<>>_w_o_r_d - causes the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for - both reading and writing on file descriptor _n, or on file descriptor 0 + causes the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for + both reading and writing on file descriptor _n, or on file descriptor 0 if _n is not specified. If the file does not exist, it is created. AALLIIAASSEESS - _A_l_i_a_s_e_s allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as - the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of - aliases that may be set and unset with the aalliiaass and uunnaalliiaass builtin - commands (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). The first word of each - simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If - so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The characters //, - $$, ``, and == and any of the shell _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s or quoting characters + _A_l_i_a_s_e_s allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as + the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of + aliases that may be set and unset with the aalliiaass and uunnaalliiaass builtin + commands (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). The first word of each + simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If + so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The characters //, + $$, ``, and == and any of the shell _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s or quoting characters listed above may not appear in an alias name. The replacement text may - contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters. The - first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word - that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second - time. This means that one may alias llss to llss --FF, for instance, and - bbaasshh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the - last character of the alias value is a _b_l_a_n_k, then the next command + contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters. The + first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word + that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second + time. This means that one may alias llss to llss --FF, for instance, and + bbaasshh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the + last character of the alias value is a _b_l_a_n_k, then the next command word following the alias is also checked for alias expansion. Aliases are created and listed with the aalliiaass command, and removed with the uunnaalliiaass command. - There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If - arguments are needed, a shell function should be used (see FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS + There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If + arguments are needed, a shell function should be used (see FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS below). - Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the - eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess shell option is set using sshhoopptt (see the description of + Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the + eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess shell option is set using sshhoopptt (see the description of sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat - confusing. BBaasshh always reads at least one complete line of input - before executing any of the commands on that line. Aliases are - expanded when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, - an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does - not take effect until the next line of input is read. The commands + The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat + confusing. BBaasshh always reads at least one complete line of input + before executing any of the commands on that line. Aliases are + expanded when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, + an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does + not take effect until the next line of input is read. The commands following the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new - alias. This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. - Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the - function is executed, because a function definition is itself a com- + alias. This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. + Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the + function is executed, because a function definition is itself a com- pound command. As a consequence, aliases defined in a function are not - available until after that function is executed. To be safe, always - put alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use aalliiaass in com- + available until after that function is executed. To be safe, always + put alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use aalliiaass in com- pound commands. For almost every purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions. FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS - A shell function, defined as described above under SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR, - stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a - shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands + A shell function, defined as described above under SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR, + stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a + shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands associated with that function name is executed. Functions are executed - in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to - interpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script). - When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the + in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to + interpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script). + When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the positional parameters during its execution. The special parameter ## is - updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 0 is unchanged. The - first element of the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE variable is set to the name of the func- + updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 00 is unchanged. The + first element of the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE variable is set to the name of the func- tion while the function is executing. - All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical + All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical between a function and its caller with these exceptions: the DDEEBBUUGG and - RREETTUURRNN traps (see the description of the ttrraapp builtin under SSHHEELLLL - BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) are not inherited unless the function has been - given the ttrraaccee attribute (see the description of the ddeeccllaarree builtin - below) or the --oo ffuunnccttrraaccee shell option has been enabled with the sseett - builtin (in which case all functions inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN - traps), and the EERRRR trap is not inherited unless the --oo eerrrrttrraaccee shell + RREETTUURRNN traps (see the description of the ttrraapp builtin under SSHHEELLLL + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) are not inherited unless the function has been + given the ttrraaccee attribute (see the description of the ddeeccllaarree builtin + below) or the --oo ffuunnccttrraaccee shell option has been enabled with the sseett + builtin (in which case all functions inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN + traps), and the EERRRR trap is not inherited unless the --oo eerrrrttrraaccee shell option has been enabled. - Variables local to the function may be declared with the llooccaall builtin + Variables local to the function may be declared with the llooccaall builtin command. Ordinarily, variables and their values are shared between the function and its caller. - If the builtin command rreettuurrnn is executed in a function, the function - completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func- - tion call. Any command associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed + The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, + defines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that + exceed the limit cause the entire command to abort. + + If the builtin command rreettuurrnn is executed in a function, the function + completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func- + tion call. Any command associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed before execution resumes. When a function completes, the values of the - positional parameters and the special parameter ## are restored to the + positional parameters and the special parameter ## are restored to the values they had prior to the function's execution. - Function names and definitions may be listed with the --ff option to the + Function names and definitions may be listed with the --ff option to the ddeeccllaarree or ttyyppeesseett builtin commands. The --FF option to ddeeccllaarree or ttyyppee-- - sseett will list the function names only (and optionally the source file - and line number, if the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled). Functions - may be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with - the --ff option to the eexxppoorrtt builtin. A function definition may be - deleted using the --ff option to the uunnsseett builtin. Note that shell + sseett will list the function names only (and optionally the source file + and line number, if the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled). Functions + may be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with + the --ff option to the eexxppoorrtt builtin. A function definition may be + deleted using the --ff option to the uunnsseett builtin. Note that shell functions and variables with the same name may result in multiple iden- - tically-named entries in the environment passed to the shell's chil- + tically-named entries in the environment passed to the shell's chil- dren. Care should be taken in cases where this may cause a problem. - Functions may be recursive. No limit is imposed on the number of + Functions may be recursive. The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable may be used to limit + the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of func- + tion invocations. By default, no limit is imposed on the number of recursive calls. AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN - The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain - circumstances (see the lleett and ddeeccllaarree builtin commands and AArriitthhmmeettiicc - EExxppaannssiioonn). Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with no check - for overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error. - The operators and their precedence, associativity, and values are the - same as in the C language. The following list of operators is grouped - into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed in + The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain + circumstances (see the lleett and ddeeccllaarree builtin commands and AArriitthhmmeettiicc + EExxppaannssiioonn). Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with no check + for overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error. + The operators and their precedence, associativity, and values are the + same as in the C language. The following list of operators is grouped + into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence. _i_d++++ _i_d---- @@ -2084,47 +2145,47 @@ AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN _e_x_p_r_1 ,, _e_x_p_r_2 comma - Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per- + Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per- formed before the expression is evaluated. Within an expression, shell - variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter - expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to + variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter + expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to 0 when referenced by name without using the parameter expansion syntax. - The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when - it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _i_n_t_e_g_e_r + The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when + it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute using ddeeccllaarree --ii is assigned a value. A null value evaluates - to 0. A shell variable need not have its integer attribute turned on + to 0. A shell variable need not have its _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute turned on to be used in an expression. Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers. A leading - 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, numbers take the form - [_b_a_s_e_#]n, where _b_a_s_e is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing - the arithmetic base, and _n is a number in that base. If _b_a_s_e_# is omit- - ted, then base 10 is used. The digits greater than 9 are represented - by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, in that - order. If _b_a_s_e is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and uppercase - letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and - 35. - - Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in - parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules + 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, numbers take the form + [_b_a_s_e_#]n, where the optional _b_a_s_e is a decimal number between 2 and 64 + representing the arithmetic base, and _n is a number in that base. If + _b_a_s_e_# is omitted, then base 10 is used. The digits greater than 9 are + represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, + in that order. If _b_a_s_e is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and + uppercase letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers + between 10 and 35. + + Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in + parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules above. CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS - Conditional expressions are used by the [[[[ compound command and the - tteesstt and [[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string - and arithmetic comparisons. Expressions are formed from the following - unary or binary primaries. If any _f_i_l_e argument to one of the pri- + Conditional expressions are used by the [[[[ compound command and the + tteesstt and [[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string + and arithmetic comparisons. Expressions are formed from the following + unary or binary primaries. If any _f_i_l_e argument to one of the pri- maries is of the form _/_d_e_v_/_f_d_/_n, then file descriptor _n is checked. If - the _f_i_l_e argument to one of the primaries is one of _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_i_n, - _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_o_u_t, or _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_e_r_r, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, + the _f_i_l_e argument to one of the primaries is one of _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_i_n, + _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_o_u_t, or _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_e_r_r, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked. Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow sym- bolic links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself. - When used with [[[[, The << and >> operators sort lexicographically using - the current locale. + When used with [[[[, the << and >> operators sort lexicographically using + the current locale. The tteesstt command sorts using ASCII ordering. --aa _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists. @@ -2157,30 +2218,33 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS True if _f_i_l_e exists and is writable. --xx _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is executable. - --OO _f_i_l_e - True if _f_i_l_e exists and is owned by the effective user id. --GG _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is owned by the effective group id. --LL _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a symbolic link. - --SS _f_i_l_e - True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a socket. --NN _f_i_l_e - True if _f_i_l_e exists and has been modified since it was last + True if _f_i_l_e exists and has been modified since it was last read. + --OO _f_i_l_e + True if _f_i_l_e exists and is owned by the effective user id. + --SS _f_i_l_e + True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a socket. + _f_i_l_e_1 --eeff _f_i_l_e_2 + True if _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2 refer to the same device and inode num- + bers. _f_i_l_e_1 -nntt _f_i_l_e_2 True if _f_i_l_e_1 is newer (according to modification date) than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_1 exists and _f_i_l_e_2 does not. _f_i_l_e_1 -oott _f_i_l_e_2 True if _f_i_l_e_1 is older than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_2 exists and _f_i_l_e_1 does not. - _f_i_l_e_1 --eeff _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2 refer to the same device and inode num- - bers. --oo _o_p_t_n_a_m_e - True if shell option _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is enabled. See the list of - options under the description of the --oo option to the sseett + True if the shell option _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is enabled. See the list of + options under the description of the --oo option to the sseett builtin below. + --vv _v_a_r_n_a_m_e + True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set (has been assigned a + value). --zz _s_t_r_i_n_g True if the length of _s_t_r_i_n_g is zero. _s_t_r_i_n_g @@ -2354,7 +2418,7 @@ CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENN ronment cannot affect the shell's execution environment. Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of - the --ee option from the parent shell. When not in posix mode, Bash + the --ee option from the parent shell. When not in _p_o_s_i_x mode, bbaasshh clears the --ee option in such subshells. If a command is followed by a && and job control is not active, the @@ -2593,7 +2657,7 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac- tive shell, unless the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option is given at shell invocation. Line editing is also used when using the --ee option to the rreeaadd builtin. - By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of emacs. A + By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs. A vi-style line editing interface is also available. Line editing can be enabled at any time using the --oo eemmaaccss or --oo vvii options to the sseett builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). To turn off line editing @@ -2601,7 +2665,7 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE sseett builtin. RReeaaddlliinnee NNoottaattiioonn - In this section, the emacs-style notation is used to denote keystrokes. + In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote keystrokes. Control keys are denoted by C-_k_e_y, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi- larly, _m_e_t_a keys are denoted by M-_k_e_y, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key- boards without a _m_e_t_a key, M-_x means ESC _x, i.e., press the Escape key @@ -2771,7 +2835,7 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE mapped to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt. eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee ((eemmaaccss)) Controls whether readline begins with a set of key bindings sim- - ilar to _e_m_a_c_s or _v_i. eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee can be set to either eemmaaccss or + ilar to _E_m_a_c_s or _v_i. eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee can be set to either eemmaaccss or vvii. eecchhoo--ccoonnttrrooll--cchhaarraacctteerrss ((OOnn)) When set to OOnn, on operating systems that indicate they support @@ -2786,10 +2850,10 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE key the terminal claims to support when it is called. On many terminals, the meta key is used to send eight-bit characters. eexxppaanndd--ttiillddee ((OOffff)) - If set to oonn, tilde expansion is performed when readline + If set to OOnn, tilde expansion is performed when readline attempts word completion. hhiissttoorryy--pprreesseerrvvee--ppooiinntt ((OOffff)) - If set to oonn, the history code attempts to place point at the + If set to OOnn, the history code attempts to place point at the same location on each history line retrieved with pprreevviioouuss--hhiiss-- ttoorryy or nneexxtt--hhiissttoorryy. hhiissttoorryy--ssiizzee ((00)) @@ -2829,8 +2893,12 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE mmaattcchh--hhiiddddeenn--ffiilleess ((OOnn)) This variable, when set to OOnn, causes readline to match files whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing - filename completion, unless the leading `.' is supplied by the - user in the filename to be completed. + filename completion. If set to OOffff, the leading `.' must be + supplied by the user in the filename to be completed. + mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee--ddiissppllaayy--pprreeffiixx ((OOffff)) + If set to OOnn, menu completion displays the common prefix of the + list of possible completions (which may be empty) before cycling + through the list. oouuttppuutt--mmeettaa ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, readline will display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence. @@ -2842,18 +2910,18 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the screen. rreevveerrtt--aallll--aatt--nneewwlliinnee ((OOffff)) - If set to oonn, readline will undo all changes to history lines + If set to OOnn, readline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when aacccceepptt--lliinnee is executed. By default, his- tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists across calls to rreeaaddlliinnee. sshhooww--aallll--iiff--aammbbiigguuoouuss ((OOffff)) This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. - If set to oonn, words which have more than one possible completion + If set to OOnn, words which have more than one possible completion cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. sshhooww--aallll--iiff--uunnmmooddiiffiieedd ((OOffff)) This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in - a fashion similar to sshhooww--aallll--iiff--aammbbiigguuoouuss. If set to oonn, words + a fashion similar to sshhooww--aallll--iiff--aammbbiigguuoouuss. If set to OOnn, words which have more than one possible completion without any possi- ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately @@ -2904,7 +2972,7 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific program. For instance, the following command adds a key sequence that quotes the current or previous word in - Bash: + bbaasshh: $$iiff Bash # Quote the current or previous word @@ -3043,12 +3111,16 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE "!_n" history expansion had been specified. yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg ((MM--..,, MM--__)) Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word - of the previous history entry). With an argument, behave + of the previous history entry). With a numeric argument, behave exactly like yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg. Successive calls to yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg - move back through the history list, inserting the last argument - of each line in turn. The history expansion facilities are used - to extract the last argument, as if the "!$" history expansion - had been specified. + move back through the history list, inserting the last word (or + the word specified by the argument to the first call) of each + line in turn. Any numeric argument supplied to these successive + calls determines the direction to move through the history. A + negative argument switches the direction through the history + (back or forward). The history expansion facilities are used to + extract the last argument, as if the "!$" history expansion had + been specified. sshheellll--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee ((MM--CC--ee)) Expand the line as the shell does. This performs alias and his- tory expansion as well as all of the shell word expansions. See @@ -3214,9 +3286,9 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE moves _n positions forward in the list of matches; a negative argument may be used to move backward through the list. This command is intended to be bound to TTAABB, but is unbound by - default.cc - mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee--kkrrdd - Identicwwal to mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee, but moves backward through the list + default. + mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee--bbaacckkwwaarrdd + Identical to mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee, but moves backward through the list of possible completions, as if mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee had been given a negative argument. This command is unbound by default. ddeelleettee--cchhaarr--oorr--lliisstt @@ -3314,7 +3386,7 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur- rence of that character. A negative count searches for subse- quent occurrences. - sskkiipp--ccssii--sseeqquueennccee (()) + sskkiipp--ccssii--sseeqquueennccee Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin with a Control Sequence Indicator (CSI), usually ESC-[. If this @@ -3381,7 +3453,7 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash. - If those searches to not result in a compspec, any compspec defined + If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined with the --DD option to ccoommpplleettee is used as the default. Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of @@ -3476,8 +3548,8 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE changes the compspec associated with the command on which completion is being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is executed), programmable completion restarts from the beginning, with an - attempt to find a compspec for that command. This allows a set of com- - pletions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather + attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of + completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once. For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept @@ -3593,24 +3665,26 @@ HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN EEvveenntt DDeessiiggnnaattoorrss An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his- - tory list. + tory list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to + the current position in the history list. - !! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a bbllaannkk, - newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the eexxttgglloobb shell option + !! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a bbllaannkk, + newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin). !!_n Refer to command line _n. - !!--_n Refer to the current command line minus _n. + !!--_n Refer to the current command minus _n. !!!! Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for `!-1'. !!_s_t_r_i_n_g - Refer to the most recent command starting with _s_t_r_i_n_g. + Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position + in the history list starting with _s_t_r_i_n_g. !!??_s_t_r_i_n_g[[??]] - Refer to the most recent command containing _s_t_r_i_n_g. The trail- - ing ?? may be omitted if _s_t_r_i_n_g is followed immediately by a new- - line. + Refer to the most recent command preceding the current postition + in the history list containing _s_t_r_i_n_g. The trailing ?? may be + omitted if _s_t_r_i_n_g is followed immediately by a newline. ^^_s_t_r_i_n_g_1^^_s_t_r_i_n_g_2^^ - Quick substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 - with _s_t_r_i_n_g_2. Equivalent to ``!!:s/_s_t_r_i_n_g_1/_s_t_r_i_n_g_2/'' (see MMoodd-- - iiffiieerrss below). + Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing + _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 with _s_t_r_i_n_g_2. Equivalent to ``!!:s/_s_t_r_i_n_g_1/_s_t_r_i_n_g_2/'' + (see MMooddiiffiieerrss below). !!## The entire command line typed so far. WWoorrdd DDeessiiggnnaattoorrss @@ -3785,7 +3859,7 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS ccaalllleerr [_e_x_p_r] Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell func- - tion or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins. With- + tion or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins). With- out _e_x_p_r, ccaalllleerr displays the line number and source filename of the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup- plied as _e_x_p_r, ccaalllleerr displays the line number, subroutine name, @@ -3796,7 +3870,7 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS routine call or _e_x_p_r does not correspond to a valid position in the call stack. - ccdd [--LL||--PP] [_d_i_r] + ccdd [--LL|[--PP [--ee]]] [_d_i_r] Change the current directory to _d_i_r. The variable HHOOMMEE is the default _d_i_r. The variable CCDDPPAATTHH defines the search path for the directory containing _d_i_r. Alternative directory names in @@ -3806,104 +3880,107 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS option says to use the physical directory structure instead of following symbolic links (see also the --PP option to the sseett builtin command); the --LL option forces symbolic links to be fol- - lowed. An argument of -- is equivalent to $$OOLLDDPPWWDD. If a non- - empty directory name from CCDDPPAATTHH is used, or if -- is the first - argument, and the directory change is successful, the absolute - pathname of the new working directory is written to the standard - output. The return value is true if the directory was success- + lowed. If the --ee option is supplied with --PP, and the current + working directory cannot be successfully determined after a suc- + cessful directory change, ccdd will return an unsuccessful status. + An argument of -- is equivalent to $$OOLLDDPPWWDD. If a non-empty + directory name from CCDDPPAATTHH is used, or if -- is the first argu- + ment, and the directory change is successful, the absolute path- + name of the new working directory is written to the standard + output. The return value is true if the directory was success- fully changed; false otherwise. ccoommmmaanndd [--ppVVvv] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g ...] - Run _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the normal shell function - lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the PPAATTHH are - executed. If the --pp option is given, the search for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is - performed using a default value for PPAATTHH that is guaranteed to - find all of the standard utilities. If either the --VV or --vv + Run _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the normal shell function + lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the PPAATTHH are + executed. If the --pp option is given, the search for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is + performed using a default value for PPAATTHH that is guaranteed to + find all of the standard utilities. If either the --VV or --vv option is supplied, a description of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is printed. The --vv - option causes a single word indicating the command or file name + option causes a single word indicating the command or file name used to invoke _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be displayed; the --VV option produces a - more verbose description. If the --VV or --vv option is supplied, - the exit status is 0 if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d was found, and 1 if not. If + more verbose description. If the --VV or --vv option is supplied, + the exit status is 0 if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d was found, and 1 if not. If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or _c_o_m_m_a_n_d can- - not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta- + not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta- tus of the ccoommmmaanndd builtin is the exit status of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. ccoommppggeenn [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_w_o_r_d] - Generate possible completion matches for _w_o_r_d according to the - _o_p_t_i_o_ns, which may be any option accepted by the ccoommpplleettee - builtin with the exception of --pp and --rr, and write the matches - to the standard output. When using the --FF or --CC options, the - various shell variables set by the programmable completion + Generate possible completion matches for _w_o_r_d according to the + _o_p_t_i_o_ns, which may be any option accepted by the ccoommpplleettee + builtin with the exception of --pp and --rr, and write the matches + to the standard output. When using the --FF or --CC options, the + various shell variables set by the programmable completion facilities, while available, will not have useful values. - The matches will be generated in the same way as if the pro- - grammable completion code had generated them directly from a + The matches will be generated in the same way as if the pro- + grammable completion code had generated them directly from a completion specification with the same flags. If _w_o_r_d is speci- fied, only those completions matching _w_o_r_d will be displayed. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, or no matches were generated. - ccoommpplleettee [--aabbccddeeffggjjkkssuuvv] [--oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEE] [--AA _a_c_t_i_o_n] [--GG _g_l_o_b_- + ccoommpplleettee [--aabbccddeeffggjjkkssuuvv] [--oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEE] [--AA _a_c_t_i_o_n] [--GG _g_l_o_b_- _p_a_t] [--WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t] [--FF _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n] [--CC _c_o_m_m_a_n_d] [--XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t] [--PP _p_r_e_f_i_x] [--SS _s_u_f_f_i_x] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e _._._.] ccoommpplleettee --pprr [--DDEE] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Specify how arguments to each _n_a_m_e should be completed. If the - --pp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing - completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them + Specify how arguments to each _n_a_m_e should be completed. If the + --pp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing + completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them to be reused as input. The --rr option removes a completion spec- - ification for each _n_a_m_e, or, if no _n_a_m_es are supplied, all com- + ification for each _n_a_m_e, or, if no _n_a_m_es are supplied, all com- pletion specifications. The --DD option indicates that the - remaining options and actions should apply to the ``default'' - command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command - for which no completion has previously been defined. The --EE - option indicates that the remaining options and actions should - apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion + remaining options and actions should apply to the ``default'' + command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command + for which no completion has previously been defined. The --EE + option indicates that the remaining options and actions should + apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line. - The process of applying these completion specifications when - word completion is attempted is described above under PPrroo-- + The process of applying these completion specifications when + word completion is attempted is described above under PPrroo-- ggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn. - Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The - arguments to the --GG, --WW, and --XX options (and, if necessary, the - --PP and --SS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan- + Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The + arguments to the --GG, --WW, and --XX options (and, if necessary, the + --PP and --SS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan- sion before the ccoommpplleettee builtin is invoked. --oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n - The _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n controls several aspects of the comp- - spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple- + The _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n controls several aspects of the comp- + spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple- tions. _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n may be one of: bbaasshhddeeffaauulltt Perform the rest of the default bbaasshh completions if the compspec generates no matches. - ddeeffaauulltt Use readline's default filename completion if + ddeeffaauulltt Use readline's default filename completion if the compspec generates no matches. ddiirrnnaammeess - Perform directory name completion if the comp- + Perform directory name completion if the comp- spec generates no matches. ffiilleennaammeess - Tell readline that the compspec generates file- - names, so it can perform any filename-specific - processing (like adding a slash to directory - names, quoting special characters, or suppress- - ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with + Tell readline that the compspec generates file- + names, so it can perform any filename-specific + processing (like adding a slash to directory + names, quoting special characters, or suppress- + ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with shell functions. - nnoossppaaccee Tell readline not to append a space (the - default) to words completed at the end of the + nnoossppaaccee Tell readline not to append a space (the + default) to words completed at the end of the line. pplluussddiirrss - After any matches defined by the compspec are - generated, directory name completion is - attempted and any matches are added to the + After any matches defined by the compspec are + generated, directory name completion is + attempted and any matches are added to the results of the other actions. --AA _a_c_t_i_o_n - The _a_c_t_i_o_n may be one of the following to generate a + The _a_c_t_i_o_n may be one of the following to generate a list of possible completions: aalliiaass Alias names. May also be specified as --aa. aarrrraayyvvaarr Array variable names. bbiinnddiinngg RReeaaddlliinnee key binding names. - bbuuiillttiinn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be + bbuuiillttiinn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be specified as --bb. ccoommmmaanndd Command names. May also be specified as --cc. ddiirreeccttoorryy @@ -3911,7 +3988,7 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS ddiissaabblleedd Names of disabled shell builtins. eennaabblleedd Names of enabled shell builtins. - eexxppoorrtt Names of exported shell variables. May also be + eexxppoorrtt Names of exported shell variables. May also be specified as --ee. ffiillee File names. May also be specified as --ff. ffuunnccttiioonn @@ -3920,17 +3997,17 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS hheellppttooppiicc Help topics as accepted by the hheellpp builtin. hhoossttnnaammee - Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by + Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by the HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE shell variable. - jjoobb Job names, if job control is active. May also + jjoobb Job names, if job control is active. May also be specified as --jj. - kkeeyywwoorrdd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as + kkeeyywwoorrdd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as --kk. rruunnnniinngg Names of running jobs, if job control is active. sseerrvviiccee Service names. May also be specified as --ss. - sseettoopptt Valid arguments for the --oo option to the sseett + sseettoopptt Valid arguments for the --oo option to the sseett builtin. - sshhoopptt Shell option names as accepted by the sshhoopptt + sshhoopptt Shell option names as accepted by the sshhoopptt builtin. ssiiggnnaall Signal names. ssttooppppeedd Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active. @@ -3938,15 +4015,6 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS vvaarriiaabbllee Names of all shell variables. May also be spec- ified as --vv. - --GG _g_l_o_b_p_a_t - The pathname expansion pattern _g_l_o_b_p_a_t is expanded to - generate the possible completions. - --WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t - The _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t is split using the characters in the IIFFSS - special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word - is expanded. The possible completions are the members - of the resultant list which match the word being com- - pleted. --CC _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed in a subshell environment, and its output is used as the possible completions. @@ -3955,69 +4023,81 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS shell environment. When it finishes, the possible com- pletions are retrieved from the value of the CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY array variable. - --XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t - _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is a pattern as used for pathname expansion. - It is applied to the list of possible completions gener- - ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each - completion matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed from the list. - A leading !! in _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t negates the pattern; in this - case, any completion not matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed. + --GG _g_l_o_b_p_a_t + The pathname expansion pattern _g_l_o_b_p_a_t is expanded to + generate the possible completions. --PP _p_r_e_f_i_x - _p_r_e_f_i_x is added at the beginning of each possible com- + _p_r_e_f_i_x is added at the beginning of each possible com- pletion after all other options have been applied. --SS _s_u_f_f_i_x _s_u_f_f_i_x is appended to each possible completion after all other options have been applied. - - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, - an option other than --pp or --rr is supplied without a _n_a_m_e argu- - ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification + --WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t + The _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t is split using the characters in the IIFFSS + special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word + is expanded. The possible completions are the members + of the resultant list which match the word being com- + pleted. + --XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t + _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is a pattern as used for pathname expansion. + It is applied to the list of possible completions gener- + ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each + completion matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed from the list. + A leading !! in _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t negates the pattern; in this + case, any completion not matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed. + + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + an option other than --pp or --rr is supplied without a _n_a_m_e argu- + ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification for a _n_a_m_e for which no specification exists, or an error occurs adding a completion specification. ccoommppoopptt [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEE] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e] Modify completion options for each _n_a_m_e according to the - _o_p_t_i_o_ns, or for the currently-execution completion if no _n_a_m_es - are supplied. If no _o_p_t_i_o_ns are given, display the completion - options for each _n_a_m_e or the current completion. The possible - values of _o_p_t_i_o_n are those valid for the ccoommpplleettee builtin - described above. The --DD option indicates that the remaining + _o_p_t_i_o_ns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _n_a_m_es + are supplied. If no _o_p_t_i_o_ns are given, display the completion + options for each _n_a_m_e or the current completion. The possible + values of _o_p_t_i_o_n are those valid for the ccoommpplleettee builtin + described above. The --DD option indicates that the remaining options should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that - is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion - has previously been defined. The --EE option indicates that the - remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion; + is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion + has previously been defined. The --EE option indicates that the + remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an - attempt is made to modify the options for a _n_a_m_e for which no comple- - tion specification exists, or an output error occurs. + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + an attempt is made to modify the options for a _n_a_m_e for which no + completion specification exists, or an output error occurs. ccoonnttiinnuuee [_n] Resume the next iteration of the enclosing ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or - sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing - loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the number of - enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' + sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing + loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the number of + enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or equal to 1. - ddeeccllaarree [--aaAAffFFiillrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] - ttyyppeesseett [--aaAAffFFiillrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] - Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are - given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will + ddeeccllaarree [--aaAAffFFggiillrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] + ttyyppeesseett [--aaAAffFFggiillrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] + Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are + given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will display the attributes and values of each _n_a_m_e. When --pp is used with _n_a_m_e arguments, additional options are ignored. When --pp is - supplied without _n_a_m_e arguments, it will display the attributes - and values of all variables having the attributes specified by - the additional options. If no other options are supplied with - --pp, ddeeccllaarree will display the attributes and values of all shell - variables. The --ff option will restrict the display to shell + supplied without _n_a_m_e arguments, it will display the attributes + and values of all variables having the attributes specified by + the additional options. If no other options are supplied with + --pp, ddeeccllaarree will display the attributes and values of all shell + variables. The --ff option will restrict the display to shell functions. The --FF option inhibits the display of function defi- - nitions; only the function name and attributes are printed. If - the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled using sshhoopptt, the source + nitions; only the function name and attributes are printed. If + the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled using sshhoopptt, the source file name and line number where the function is defined are dis- - played as well. The --FF option implies --ff. The following - options can be used to restrict output to variables with the - specified attribute or to give variables attributes: + played as well. The --FF option implies --ff. The --gg option forces + variables to be created or modified at the global scope, even + when ddeeccllaarree is executed in a shell function. It is ignored in + all other cases. The following options can be used to restrict + output to variables with the specified attribute or to give + variables attributes: --aa Each _n_a_m_e is an indexed array variable (see AArrrraayyss above). --AA Each _n_a_m_e is an associative array variable (see AArrrraayyss @@ -4044,20 +4124,20 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with the exceptions that ++aa may not be used to destroy an array vari- able and ++rr will not remove the readonly attribute. When used - in a function, makes each _n_a_m_e local, as with the llooccaall command. - If a variable name is followed by =_v_a_l_u_e, the value of the vari- - able is set to _v_a_l_u_e. The return value is 0 unless an invalid - option is encountered, an attempt is made to define a function - using ``-f foo=bar'', an attempt is made to assign a value to a - readonly variable, an attempt is made to assign a value to an - array variable without using the compound assignment syntax (see - AArrrraayyss above), one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable - name, an attempt is made to turn off readonly status for a read- - only variable, an attempt is made to turn off array status for - an array variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-exis- - tent function with --ff. - - ddiirrss [[++_n]] [[--_n]] [[--ccppllvv]] + in a function, makes each _n_a_m_e local, as with the llooccaall command, + unless the --ggPP ooppttiioonn iiss ssuupppplliieedd,, IIff aa vvaarriiaabbllee nnaammee iiss ffooll-- + lloowweedd bbyy ==_v_a_l_u_e,, tthhee vvaalluuee ooff tthhee vvaarriiaabbllee iiss sseett ttoo _v_a_l_u_e.. TThhee + rreettuurrnn vvaalluuee iiss 00 uunnlleessss aann iinnvvaalliidd ooppttiioonn iiss eennccoouunntteerreedd,, aann + aatttteemmpptt iiss mmaaddee ttoo ddeeffiinnee aa ffuunnccttiioonn uussiinngg ````--ff ffoooo==bbaarr'''',, aann + aatttteemmpptt iiss mmaaddee ttoo aassssiiggnn aa vvaalluuee ttoo aa rreeaaddoonnllyy vvaarriiaabbllee,, aann + aatttteemmpptt iiss mmaaddee ttoo aassssiiggnn aa vvaalluuee ttoo aann aarrrraayy vvaarriiaabbllee wwiitthhoouutt + uussiinngg tthhee ccoommppoouunndd aassssiiggnnmmeenntt ssyynnttaaxx ((sseeee AArrrraayyss above), one of + the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, an attempt is made + to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable, an attempt + is made to turn off array status for an array variable, or an + attempt is made to display a non-existent function with --ff. + + ddiirrss [[++_n]] [[--_n]] [[--ccllppvv]] Without options, displays the list of currently remembered directories. The default display is on a single line with directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to @@ -4107,7 +4187,8 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS \\aa alert (bell) \\bb backspace \\cc suppress further output - \\ee an escape character + \\ee + \\EE an escape character \\ff form feed \\nn new line \\rr carriage return @@ -4118,6 +4199,11 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS _n_n_n (zero to three octal digits) \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H (one or two hex digits) + \\uu_H_H_H_H the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H (one to four hex digits) + \\UU_H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H + the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H (one to eight hex digits) eennaabbllee [--aa] [--ddnnppss] [--ff _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [_n_a_m_e ...] Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin @@ -4245,7 +4331,7 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS When the end of options is encountered, ggeettooppttss exits with a return value greater than zero. OOPPTTIINNDD is set to the index of - the first non-option argument, and nnaammee is set to ?. + the first non-option argument, and _n_a_m_e is set to ?. ggeettooppttss normally parses the positional parameters, but if more arguments are given in _a_r_g_s, ggeettooppttss parses those instead. @@ -4273,25 +4359,26 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS an error occurs. hhaasshh [--llrr] [--pp _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [--ddtt] [_n_a_m_e] - For each _n_a_m_e, the full file name of the command is determined - by searching the directories in $$PPAATTHH and remembered. If the --pp - option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is - used as the full file name of the command. The --rr option causes - the shell to forget all remembered locations. The --dd option - causes the shell to forget the remembered location of each _n_a_m_e. - If the --tt option is supplied, the full pathname to which each - _n_a_m_e corresponds is printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e arguments are - supplied with --tt, the _n_a_m_e is printed before the hashed full - pathname. The --ll option causes output to be displayed in a for- - mat that may be reused as input. If no arguments are given, or - if only --ll is supplied, information about remembered commands is - printed. The return status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is not found - or an invalid option is supplied. + Each time hhaasshh is invoked, the full pathname of the command _n_a_m_e + is determined by searching the directories in $$PPAATTHH and remem- + bered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the + --pp option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e + is used as the full file name of the command. The --rr option + causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The --dd + option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of + each _n_a_m_e. If the --tt option is supplied, the full pathname to + which each _n_a_m_e corresponds is printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e argu- + ments are supplied with --tt, the _n_a_m_e is printed before the + hashed full pathname. The --ll option causes output to be dis- + played in a format that may be reused as input. If no arguments + are given, or if only --ll is supplied, information about remem- + bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a + _n_a_m_e is not found or an invalid option is supplied. hheellpp [--ddmmss] [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] - Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n - is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching - _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control + Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n + is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching + _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control structures is printed. --dd Display a short description of each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n --mm Display the description of each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n in a manpage-like @@ -4307,44 +4394,44 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS hhiissttoorryy --ss _a_r_g [_a_r_g _._._.] With no options, display the command history list with line num- bers. Lines listed with a ** have been modified. An argument of - _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE-- - FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for - _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis- - played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between - the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is - supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, - the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. Options, if supplied, have the + _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE-- + FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for + _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis- + played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between + the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is + supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, + the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --cc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries. --dd _o_f_f_s_e_t Delete the history entry at position _o_f_f_s_e_t. - --aa Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered - since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session) to the + --aa Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered + since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session) to the history file. - --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history - file into the current history list. These are lines - appended to the history file since the beginning of the + --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history + file into the current history list. These are lines + appended to the history file since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session. --rr Read the contents of the history file and use them as the current history. - --ww Write the current history to the history file, overwrit- + --ww Write the current history to the history file, overwrit- ing the history file's contents. - --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and - display the result on the standard output. Does not - store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be + --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and + display the result on the standard output. Does not + store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be quoted to disable normal history expansion. - --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry. - The last command in the history list is removed before + --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry. + The last command in the history list is removed before the _a_r_g_s are added. - If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, the time stamp informa- - tion associated with each history entry is written to the his- - tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the - history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment - character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as + If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, the time stamp informa- + tion associated with each history entry is written to the his- + tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the + history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment + character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the previous history line. The return value is 0 - unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while - reading or writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t is sup- + unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while + reading or writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t is sup- plied as an argument to --dd, or the history expansion supplied as an argument to --pp fails. @@ -4353,127 +4440,141 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol- lowing meanings: --ll List process IDs in addition to the normal information. - --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group - leader. --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed status since the user was last notified of their status. + --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group + leader. --rr Restrict output to running jobs. --ss Restrict output to stopped jobs. - If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about - that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is + If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about + that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered or an invalid _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied. If the --xx option is supplied, jjoobbss replaces any _j_o_b_s_p_e_c found in - _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or _a_r_g_s with the corresponding process group ID, and + _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or _a_r_g_s with the corresponding process group ID, and executes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d passing it _a_r_g_s, returning its exit status. kkiillll [--ss _s_i_g_s_p_e_c | --nn _s_i_g_n_u_m | --_s_i_g_s_p_e_c] [_p_i_d | _j_o_b_s_p_e_c] ... kkiillll --ll [_s_i_g_s_p_e_c | _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s] - Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes - named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive - signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or - a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not - present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the - signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given, - the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are + Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes + named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive + signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or + a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not + present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the + signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given, + the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are listed, and the return status is 0. The _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s argument to - --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit - status of a process terminated by a signal. kkiillll returns true - if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an + --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit + status of a process terminated by a signal. kkiillll returns true + if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid option is encountered. lleett _a_r_g [_a_r_g ...] Each _a_r_g is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see AARRIITTHH-- - MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett + MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise. llooccaall [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] - For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and - assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted + For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and + assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted by ddeeccllaarree. When llooccaall is used within a function, it causes the - variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- + variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- tion and its children. With no operands, llooccaall writes a list of - local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use + local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use llooccaall when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless - llooccaall is used outside a function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, + llooccaall is used outside a function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, or _n_a_m_e is a readonly variable. llooggoouutt Exit a login shell. - mmaappffiillee [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] + mmaappffiillee [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y] - rreeaaddaarrrraayy [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] + rreeaaddaarrrraayy [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y] - Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari- - able _a_r_r_a_y, or from file descriptor _f_d if the --uu option is sup- - plied. The variable MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if + Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari- + able _a_r_r_a_y, or from file descriptor _f_d if the --uu option is sup- + plied. The variable MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: - --nn Copy at most _c_o_u_n_t lines. If _c_o_u_n_t is 0, all lines are + --nn Copy at most _c_o_u_n_t lines. If _c_o_u_n_t is 0, all lines are copied. - --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default + --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default index is 0. --ss Discard the first _c_o_u_n_t lines read. --tt Remove a trailing newline from each line read. - --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan- + --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan- dard input. - --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The + --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The --cc option specifies _q_u_a_n_t_u_m. - --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to + --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k. - If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000. + If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000. When _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next - array element to be assigned as an additional argument. _c_a_l_l_- - _b_a_c_k is evaluated after the line is read but before the array - element is assigned. + array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that + element as additional arguments. _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated after + the line is read but before the array element is assigned. - If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear + If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear _a_r_r_a_y before assigning to it. - mmaappffiillee returns successfully unless an invalid option or option - argument is supplied, _a_r_r_a_y is invalid or unassignable, or if + mmaappffiillee returns successfully unless an invalid option or option + argument is supplied, _a_r_r_a_y is invalid or unassignable, or if _a_r_r_a_y is not an indexed array. ppooppdd [-nn] [+_n] [-_n] - Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, - removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a ccdd to + Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, + removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a ccdd to the new top directory. Arguments, if supplied, have the follow- ing meanings: - --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing - directories from the stack, so that only the stack is + --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing + directories from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. - ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd + ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd +1'' the second. --_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the right of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd - -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd + -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to last. - If the ppooppdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well, - and the return status is 0. ppooppdd returns false if an invalid + If the ppooppdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well, + and the return status is 0. ppooppdd returns false if an invalid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty, a non-exis- tent directory stack entry is specified, or the directory change fails. pprriinnttff [--vv _v_a_r] _f_o_r_m_a_t [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the - control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which - contains three types of objects: plain characters, which are - simply copied to standard output, character escape sequences, - which are converted and copied to the standard output, and for- - mat specifications, each of which causes printing of the next - successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In addition to the standard _p_r_i_n_t_f(1) for- - mats, %%bb causes pprriinnttff to expand backslash escape sequences in - the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t (except that \\cc terminates output, - backslashes in \\'', \\"", and \\?? are not removed, and octal escapes - beginning with \\00 may contain up to four digits), and %%qq causes - pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a format that can - be reused as shell input. - - The --vv option causes the output to be assigned to the variable - _v_a_r rather than being printed to the standard output. + Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the + control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The --vv option causes the output to be + assigned to the variable _v_a_r rather than being printed to the + standard output. + + The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which contains three types of + objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard + output, character escape sequences, which are converted and + copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each + of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In + addition to the standard _p_r_i_n_t_f(1) format specifications, pprriinnttff + interprets the following extensions: + %%bb causes pprriinnttff to expand backslash escape sequences in the + corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t (except that \\cc terminates output, + backslashes in \\'', \\"", and \\?? are not removed, and octal + escapes beginning with \\00 may contain up to four digits). + %%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a + format that can be reused as shell input. + %%((_d_a_t_e_f_m_t))TT + causes pprriinnttff to output the date-time string resulting + from using _d_a_t_e_f_m_t as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3). + The corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t is an integer representing the + number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument + values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and + -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. + + Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con- + stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and + if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value + is the ASCII value of the following character. The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_- _m_e_n_t_s. If the _f_o_r_m_a_t requires more _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s than are supplied, @@ -4612,8 +4713,8 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS status is false. Any command associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed before execution resumes after the function or script. - sseett [----aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_a_r_g ...] - sseett [++aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_a_r_g ...] + sseett [----aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [_a_r_g ...] + sseett [++aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [_a_r_g ...] Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables can- @@ -4856,17 +4957,29 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS easy re-editing of multi-line commands. ccoommppaatt3311 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 3.1 - with respect to quoted arguments to the conditional com- - mand's =~ operator. + with respect to quoted arguments to the [[[[ conditional + command's ==~~ operator. ccoommppaatt3322 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 with respect to locale-specific string comparison when - using the conditional command's < and > operators. + using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators. + Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and + _s_t_r_c_m_p(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale's + collation sequence and _s_t_r_c_o_l_l(3). ccoommppaatt4400 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 - with respect to locale-specific string comparison when - using the conditional command's < and > operators and - the effect of interrupting a command list. + with respect to locale-specific string comparison when + using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators + (see previous item) and the effect of interrupting a + command list. + ccoommppaatt4411 + @item compat41 If set, bbaasshh, when in posix mode, treats + a single quote in a double-quoted parameter expansion as + a special character. The single quotes must match (an + even number) and the characters between the single + quotes are considered quoted. This is the behavior of + posix mode through version 4.1. The default bash behav- + ior remains as in previous versions. ddiirrssppeellll If set, bbaasshh attempts spelling correction on directory names during word completion if the directory name ini- @@ -4903,7 +5016,7 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS (( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps. 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( - _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the EERRRROORR trap. + _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the EERRRR trap. eexxttgglloobb If set, the extended pattern matching features described above under PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn are enabled. eexxttqquuoottee @@ -4954,6 +5067,10 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This option is enabled by default. + llaassttppiippee + If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs + the last command of a pipeline not executed in the back- + ground in the current shell environment. lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible. @@ -5025,10 +5142,11 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation - depends on the number of arguments; see below. + depends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece- + dence is used when there are five or more arguments. !! _e_x_p_r True if _e_x_p_r is false. (( _e_x_p_r )) - Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override + Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators. _e_x_p_r_1 -aa _e_x_p_r_2 True if both _e_x_p_r_1 and _e_x_p_r_2 are true. @@ -5045,13 +5163,14 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS null. 2 arguments If the first argument is !!, the expression is true if and - only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- - ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed - above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is + only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- + ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed + above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is false. 3 arguments + The following conditions are applied in the order listed. If the second argument is one of the binary conditional operators listed above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the result of the expression is the result of the binary test @@ -5073,31 +5192,34 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the rules listed above. - ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and + When used with tteesstt or [[, the << and >> operators sort lexico- + graphically using ASCII ordering. + + ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0. ttrraapp [--llpp] [[_a_r_g] _s_i_g_s_p_e_c ...] - The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell - receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent (and there is a - single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its - original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the - shell). If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each - _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. - If _a_r_g is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap - commands associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c are displayed. If no - arguments are supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the - list of commands associated with each signal. The --ll option - causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor- - responding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name - defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are - case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. - - If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit - from the shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is exe- - cuted before every _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command, - _s_e_l_e_c_t command, every arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the - first command executes in a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR - above). Refer to the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the + The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell + receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent (and there is a + single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its + original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the + shell). If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each + _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. + If _a_r_g is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap + commands associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c are displayed. If no + arguments are supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the + list of commands associated with each signal. The --ll option + causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor- + responding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name + defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are + case insensitive and the SSIIGG prefix is optional. + + If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit + from the shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is exe- + cuted before every _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command, + _s_e_l_e_c_t command, every arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the + first command executes in a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR + above). Refer to the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin for details of its effect on the DDEEBBUUGG trap. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is RREETTUURRNN, the command _a_r_g is executed each time a shell function or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins fin- @@ -5105,53 +5227,53 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, the command _a_r_g is executed whenever a sim- ple command has a non-zero exit status, subject to the following - conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the failed command - is part of the command list immediately following a wwhhiillee or - uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement, part of a - command executed in a &&&& or |||| list, or if the command's return - value is being inverted via !!. These are the same conditions + conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the failed command + is part of the command list immediately following a wwhhiillee or + uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement, part of a + command executed in a &&&& or |||| list, or if the command's return + value is being inverted via !!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the eerrrreexxiitt option. - Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or - reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to + Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or + reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell or subshell environment when - one is created. The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is + one is created. The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is invalid; otherwise ttrraapp returns true. ttyyppee [--aaffttppPP] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e ...] - With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if + With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if used as a command name. If the --tt option is used, ttyyppee prints a - string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or - _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, - builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found, - then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is - returned. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the + string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or + _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, + builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found, + then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is + returned. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the name of the disk file that would be executed if _n_a_m_e were speci- fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not - return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, + return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, even if ``type -t name'' would not return _f_i_l_e. If a command is - hashed, --pp and --PP print the hashed value, not necessarily the + hashed, --pp and --PP print the hashed value, not necessarily the file that appears first in PPAATTHH. If the --aa option is used, ttyyppee - prints all of the places that contain an executable named _n_a_m_e. - This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the --pp - option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not - consulted when using --aa. The --ff option suppresses shell func- - tion lookup, as with the ccoommmmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true if + prints all of the places that contain an executable named _n_a_m_e. + This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the --pp + option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not + consulted when using --aa. The --ff option suppresses shell func- + tion lookup, as with the ccoommmmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true if all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found. uulliimmiitt [--HHSSTTaabbccddeeffiillmmnnppqqrrssttuuvvxx [_l_i_m_i_t]] - Provides control over the resources available to the shell and - to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. + Provides control over the resources available to the shell and + to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. The --HH and --SS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set - for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a - non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up - to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci- + for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a + non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up + to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci- fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _l_i_m_i_t can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of the special values hhaarrdd, ssoofftt, or uunnlliimmiitteedd, which stand for the - current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, - respectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the - soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is + current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, + respectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the + soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and unit are printed before the value. Other options are inter- preted as follows: @@ -5160,11 +5282,11 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --cc The maximum size of core files created --dd The maximum size of a process's data segment --ee The maximum scheduling priority ("nice") - --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its + --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its children --ii The maximum number of pending signals --ll The maximum size that may be locked into memory - --mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor + --mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor this limit) --nn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems do not allow this value to be set) @@ -5173,65 +5295,65 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --rr The maximum real-time scheduling priority --ss The maximum stack size --tt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds - --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single + --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single user - --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the - shell + --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the + shell and, on some systems, to its children --xx The maximum number of file locks --TT The maximum number of threads If _l_i_m_i_t is given, it is the new value of the specified resource (the --aa option is display only). If no option is given, then --ff - is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for --tt, - which is in seconds, --pp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks, - and --TT, --bb, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled values. The return + is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for --tt, + which is in seconds, --pp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks, + and --TT, --bb, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled values. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting a new limit. uummaasskk [--pp] [--SS] [_m_o_d_e] The user file-creation mask is set to _m_o_d_e. If _m_o_d_e begins with - a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is - interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by - _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is - printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym- - bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp + a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is + interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by + _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is + printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym- + bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp option is supplied, and _m_o_d_e is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode - was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, + was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, and false otherwise. uunnaalliiaass [-aa] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is - supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value + Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is + supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value is true unless a supplied _n_a_m_e is not a defined alias. uunnsseett [-ffvv] [_n_a_m_e ...] - For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function. + For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function. If no options are supplied, or the --vv option is given, each _n_a_m_e - refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be - unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func- - tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari- - able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub- - sequent commands. If any of CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, RRAANNDDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, - LLIINNEENNOO, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, or DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK are unset, they - lose their special properties, even if they are subsequently + refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be + unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func- + tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari- + able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub- + sequent commands. If any of CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, RRAANNDDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, + LLIINNEENNOO, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, or DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK are unset, they + lose their special properties, even if they are subsequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is readonly. wwaaiitt [_n _._._.] - Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta- - tus. Each _n may be a process ID or a job specification; if a - job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are - waited for. If _n is not given, all currently active child pro- - cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _n - specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is - 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the + Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta- + tus. Each _n may be a process ID or a job specification; if a + job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are + waited for. If _n is not given, all currently active child pro- + cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _n + specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is + 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the last process or job waited for. RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL If bbaasshh is started with the name rrbbaasshh, or the --rr option is supplied at - invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used - to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It - behaves identically to bbaasshh with the exception that the following are + invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used + to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It + behaves identically to bbaasshh with the exception that the following are disallowed or not performed: +o changing directories with ccdd @@ -5240,16 +5362,16 @@ RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL +o specifying command names containing // - +o specifying a file name containing a // as an argument to the .. + +o specifying a file name containing a // as an argument to the .. builtin command - +o Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the + +o specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the --pp option to the hhaasshh builtin command - +o importing function definitions from the shell environment at + +o importing function definitions from the shell environment at startup - +o parsing the value of SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS from the shell environment at + +o parsing the value of SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS from the shell environment at startup +o redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirect- @@ -5258,10 +5380,10 @@ RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL +o using the eexxeecc builtin command to replace the shell with another command - +o adding or deleting builtin commands with the --ff and --dd options + +o adding or deleting builtin commands with the --ff and --dd options to the eennaabbllee builtin command - +o Using the eennaabbllee builtin command to enable disabled shell + +o using the eennaabbllee builtin command to enable disabled shell builtins +o specifying the --pp option to the ccoommmmaanndd builtin command @@ -5271,14 +5393,14 @@ RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read. When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed (see CCOOMM-- - MMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN above), rrbbaasshh turns off any restrictions in the shell + MMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN above), rrbbaasshh turns off any restrictions in the shell spawned to execute the script. SSEEEE AALLSSOO _B_a_s_h _R_e_f_e_r_e_n_c_e _M_a_n_u_a_l, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey _T_h_e _G_n_u _R_e_a_d_l_i_n_e _L_i_b_r_a_r_y, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey _T_h_e _G_n_u _H_i_s_t_o_r_y _L_i_b_r_a_r_y, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey - _P_o_r_t_a_b_l_e _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_n_g _S_y_s_t_e_m _I_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e _(_P_O_S_I_X_) _P_a_r_t _2_: _S_h_e_l_l _a_n_d _U_t_i_l_i_- + _P_o_r_t_a_b_l_e _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_n_g _S_y_s_t_e_m _I_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e _(_P_O_S_I_X_) _P_a_r_t _2_: _S_h_e_l_l _a_n_d _U_t_i_l_i_- _t_i_e_s, IEEE _s_h(1), _k_s_h(1), _c_s_h(1) _e_m_a_c_s(1), _v_i(1) @@ -5294,7 +5416,7 @@ FFIILLEESS _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c The individual per-interactive-shell startup file _~_/_._b_a_s_h___l_o_g_o_u_t - The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login + The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login shell exits _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c Individual _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e initialization file @@ -5308,14 +5430,14 @@ AAUUTTHHOORRSS BBUUGG RREEPPOORRTTSS If you find a bug in bbaasshh,, you should report it. But first, you should - make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest - version of bbaasshh. The latest version is always available from - _f_t_p_:_/_/_f_t_p_._g_n_u_._o_r_g_/_p_u_b_/_b_a_s_h_/. - - Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _b_a_s_h_b_u_g - command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged - to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may - be mailed to _b_u_g_-_b_a_s_h_@_g_n_u_._o_r_g or posted to the Usenet newsgroup + make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest + version of bbaasshh. The latest version is always available from + _f_t_p_:_/_/_f_t_p_._g_n_u_._o_r_g_/_p_u_b_/_g_n_u_/_b_a_s_h_/. + + Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _b_a_s_h_b_u_g + command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged + to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may + be mailed to _b_u_g_-_b_a_s_h_@_g_n_u_._o_r_g or posted to the Usenet newsgroup ggnnuu..bbaasshh..bbuugg. ALL bug reports should include: @@ -5326,7 +5448,7 @@ BBUUGG RREEPPOORRTTSS A description of the bug behaviour A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug - _b_a_s_h_b_u_g inserts the first three items automatically into the template + _b_a_s_h_b_u_g inserts the first three items automatically into the template it provides for filing a bug report. Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed @@ -5343,10 +5465,10 @@ BBUUGGSS Shell builtin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable. Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' are not - handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a - process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in - the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between - parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a + handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a + process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in + the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between + parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a unit. Array variables may not (yet) be exported. @@ -5355,4 +5477,4 @@ BBUUGGSS -GNU Bash-4.1 2009 December 29 BASH(1) +GNU Bash-4.2 2010 December 28 BASH(1) @@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ .\" Case Western Reserve University .\" chet@po.cwru.edu .\" -.\" Last Change: Tue Dec 29 15:36:16 EST 2009 +.\" Last Change: Tue Dec 28 13:41:43 EST 2010 .\" .\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section .if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ .if \n(zY=1 .ig zY -.TH BASH 1 "2009 December 29" "GNU Bash-4.1" +.TH BASH 1 "2010 December 28" "GNU Bash-4.2" .\" .\" There's some problem with having a `@' .\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros. @@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ bash \- GNU Bourne-Again SHell [options] [file] .SH COPYRIGHT -.if n Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2009 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. -.if t Bash is Copyright \(co 1989-2009 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. +.if n Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2011 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. +.if t Bash is Copyright \(co 1989-2011 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. .SH DESCRIPTION .B Bash is an \fBsh\fR-compatible command language interpreter that @@ -67,8 +67,10 @@ Shell and Utilities portion of the IEEE POSIX specification .B Bash can be configured to be POSIX-conformant by default. .SH OPTIONS -In addition to the single-character shell options documented in the -description of the \fBset\fR builtin command, \fBbash\fR +All of the single-character shell options documented in the +description of the \fBset\fR builtin command can be used as options +when the shell is invoked. +In addition, \fBbash\fR interprets the following options when it is invoked: .PP .PD 0 @@ -161,10 +163,6 @@ Turns on extended debugging mode (see the description of the .B extdebug option to the .B shopt -builtin below) -and shell function tracing (see the description of the -\fB\-o functrace\fP option to the -.B set builtin below). .TP .B \-\-dump\-po\-strings @@ -410,7 +408,7 @@ No other startup files are read. .PP .B Bash attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard input -connected to a a network connection, as if by the remote shell +connected to a network connection, as when executed by the remote shell daemon, usually \fIrshd\fP, or the secure shell daemon \fIsshd\fP. If .B bash @@ -478,7 +476,7 @@ A \fItoken\fP that performs a control function. It is one of the following symbols: .RS .PP -.if t \fB\(bv\(bv & && ; ;; ( ) | |& <newline>\fP +.if t \fB|| & && ; ;; ( ) | |& <newline>\fP .if n \fB|| & && ; ;; ( ) | |& <newline>\fP .RE .PD @@ -556,6 +554,8 @@ reserved word precedes a pipeline, the elapsed as well as user and system time consumed by its execution are reported when the pipeline terminates. The \fB\-p\fP option changes the output format to that specified by POSIX. +When the shell is in \fIposix mode\fP, it does not recognize +\fBtime\fP as a reserved word if the next token begins with a `-'. The .SM .B TIMEFORMAT @@ -567,6 +567,15 @@ under .B "Shell Variables" below. .PP +When the shell is in \fIposix mode\fP, \fBtime\fP +may be followed by a newline. In this case, the shell displays the +total user and system time consumed by the shell and its children. +The +.SM +.B TIMEFORMAT +variable may be used to specify the format of +the time information. +.PP Each command in a pipeline is executed as a separate process (i.e., in a subshell). .SS Lists @@ -577,7 +586,7 @@ of the operators .BR & , .BR && , or -.BR \(bv\(bv , +.BR || , and optionally terminated by one of .BR ; , .BR & , @@ -587,7 +596,7 @@ or Of these list operators, .B && and -.B \(bv\(bv +.B || have equal precedence, followed by .B ; and @@ -608,7 +617,7 @@ command to terminate in turn. The return status is the exit status of the last command executed. .PP AND and OR lists are sequences of one of more pipelines separated by the -\fB&&\fP and \fB\(bv\(bv\fP control operators, respectively. +\fB&&\fP and \fB||\fP control operators, respectively. AND and OR lists are executed with left associativity. An AND list has the form .RS @@ -624,7 +633,7 @@ returns an exit status of zero. An OR list has the form .RS .PP -\fIcommand1\fP \fB\(bv\(bv\fP \fIcommand2\fP +\fIcommand1\fP \fB||\fP \fIcommand2\fP .PP .RE .PP @@ -684,7 +693,7 @@ Conditional operators such as \fB\-f\fP must be unquoted to be recognized as primaries. .if t .sp 0.5 .if n .sp 1 -When used with \fB[[\fP, The \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP operators sort +When used with \fB[[\fP, the \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. .if t .sp 0.5 .if n .sp 1 @@ -754,8 +763,7 @@ and .I expression2 are true. .TP -.if t \fIexpression1\fP \fB\(bv\(bv\fP \fIexpression2\fP -.if n \fIexpression1\fP \fB||\fP \fIexpression2\fP +\fIexpression1\fP \fB||\fP \fIexpression2\fP True if either .I expression1 or @@ -763,9 +771,7 @@ or is true. .PD .LP -The \fB&&\fP and -.if t \fB\(bv\(bv\fP -.if n \fB||\fP +The \fB&&\fP and \fB||\fP operators do not evaluate \fIexpression2\fP if the value of \fIexpression1\fP is sufficient to determine the return value of the entire conditional expression. @@ -873,24 +879,22 @@ command completes. Otherwise, the \fBelse\fP \fIlist\fP is executed, if present. The exit status is the exit status of the last command executed, or zero if no condition tested true. .TP -\fBwhile\fP \fIlist\fP; \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP; \fBdone\fP +\fBwhile\fP \fIlist-1\fP; \fBdo\fP \fIlist-2\fP; \fBdone\fP .PD 0 .TP -\fBuntil\fP \fIlist\fP; \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP; \fBdone\fP +\fBuntil\fP \fIlist-1\fP; \fBdo\fP \fIlist-2\fP; \fBdone\fP .PD -The \fBwhile\fP command continuously executes the \fBdo\fP -\fIlist\fP as long as the last command in \fIlist\fP returns +The \fBwhile\fP command continuously executes the list +\fIlist-2\fP as long as the last command in the list \fIlist-1\fP returns an exit status of zero. The \fBuntil\fP command is identical to the \fBwhile\fP command, except that the test is negated; -the -.B do -.I list +.I list-2 is executed as long as the last command in -.I list +.I list-1 returns a non-zero exit status. The exit status of the \fBwhile\fP and \fBuntil\fP commands is the exit status -of the last \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP command executed, or zero if +of the last command executed in \fIlist-2\fP, or zero if none was executed. .SS Coprocesses .PP @@ -929,7 +933,7 @@ command (see below). The file descriptors can be utilized as arguments to shell commands and redirections using standard word expansions. -The process id of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is +The process ID of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is available as the value of the variable \fINAME\fP_PID. The \fBwait\fP builtin command may be used to wait for the coprocess to terminate. @@ -941,7 +945,11 @@ A shell function is an object that is called like a simple command and executes a compound command with a new set of positional parameters. Shell functions are declared as follows: .TP -[ \fBfunction\fP ] \fIname\fP () \fIcompound\-command\fP [\fIredirection\fP] +\fIname\fP () \fIcompound\-command\fP [\fIredirection\fP] +.PD 0 +.TP +\fBfunction\fP \fIname\fP [()] \fIcompound\-command\fP [\fIredirection\fP] +.PD This defines a function named \fIname\fP. The reserved word \fBfunction\fP is optional. If the \fBfunction\fP reserved word is supplied, the parentheses are optional. @@ -1106,6 +1114,14 @@ the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value \fInnn\fP the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value \fIHH\fP (one or two hex digits) .TP +.B \eu\fIHHHH\fP +the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value +\fIHHHH\fP (one to four hex digits) +.TP +.B \eU\fIHHHHHHHH\fP +the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value +\fIHHHHHHHH\fP (one to eight hex digits) +.TP .B \ec\fIx\fP a control-\fIx\fP character .PD @@ -1192,7 +1208,7 @@ builtin commands. In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value to a shell variable or array index, the += operator can be used to append to or add to the variable's previous value. -When += is applied to a variable for which the integer attribute has been +When += is applied to a variable for which the \fIinteger\fP attribute has been set, \fIvalue\fP is evaluated as an arithmetic expression and added to the variable's current value, which is also evaluated. When += is applied to an array variable using compound assignment (see @@ -1352,13 +1368,13 @@ reading any startup files. This variable is read-only. .TP .B BASHPID -Expands to the process id of the current \fBbash\fP process. +Expands to the process ID of the current \fBbash\fP process. This differs from \fB$$\fP under certain circumstances, such as subshells that do not require \fBbash\fP to be re-initialized. .TP .B BASH_ALIASES An associative array variable whose members correspond to the internal -list of aliases as maintained by the \fBalias\fP builtin +list of aliases as maintained by the \fBalias\fP builtin. Elements added to this array appear in the alias list; unsetting array elements cause aliases to be removed from the alias list. .TP @@ -1414,14 +1430,15 @@ The command argument to the \fB\-c\fP invocation option. .TP .B BASH_LINENO An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source files -corresponding to each member of +where each corresponding member of .SM -.BR FUNCNAME . +.B FUNCNAME +was invoked. \fB${BASH_LINENO[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP is the line number in the source -file where \fB${FUNCNAME[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP was called +file (\fB${BASH_SOURCE[\fP\fI$i+1\fP\fB]}\fP) where +\fB${FUNCNAME[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP was called (or \fB${BASH_LINENO[\fP\fI$i-1\fP\fB]}\fP if referenced within another shell function). -The corresponding source file name is \fB${BASH_SOURCE[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP. Use .SM .B LINENO @@ -1437,11 +1454,15 @@ string matching the \fIn\fPth parenthesized subexpression. This variable is read-only. .TP .B BASH_SOURCE -An array variable whose members are the source filenames corresponding -to the elements in the +An array variable whose members are the source filenames +where the corresponding shell function names in the .SM .B FUNCNAME -array variable. +array variable are defined. +The shell function +\fB${FUNCNAME[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP is defined in the file +\fB${BASH_SOURCE[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP and called from +\fB${BASH_SOURCE[\fP\fI$i+1\fP\fB]}\fP. .TP .B BASH_SUBSHELL Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell environment is spawned. @@ -1454,7 +1475,6 @@ this instance of The values assigned to the array members are as follows: .sp .5 .RS -.PD 0 .TP 24 .B BASH_VERSINFO[\fR0\fP] The major version number (the \fIrelease\fP). @@ -1475,7 +1495,6 @@ The release status (e.g., \fIbeta1\fP). The value of .SM .BR MACHTYPE . -.PD .RE .TP .B BASH_VERSION @@ -1544,6 +1563,11 @@ This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see \fBProgrammable Completion\fP below). .TP +.B COPROC +An array variable (see \fBArrays\fP below) created to hold the file descriptors +for output from and input to an unnamed coprocess (see \fBCoprocesses\fP +above). +.TP .B DIRSTACK An array variable (see .B Arrays @@ -1573,7 +1597,7 @@ An array variable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the execution call stack. The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing shell function. -The bottom-most element is +The bottom-most element (the one with the highest index) is .if t \f(CW"main"\fP. .if n "main". This variable exists only when a shell function is executing. @@ -1586,6 +1610,16 @@ If .B FUNCNAME is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. +.if t .sp 0.5 +.if n .sp 1 +This variable can be used with \fBBASH_LINENO\fP and \fBBASH_SOURCE\fP. +Each element of \fBFUNCNAME\fP has corresponding elements in +\fBBASH_LINENO\fP and \fBBASH_SOURCE\fP to describe the call stack. +For instance, \fB${FUNCNAME[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP was called from the file +\fB${BASH_SOURCE[\fP\fI$i+1\fP\fB]}\fP at line number +\fB${BASH_LINENO[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP. +The \fBcaller\fP builtin displays the current call stack using this +information. .TP .B GROUPS An array variable containing the list of groups of which the current @@ -1638,6 +1672,10 @@ type on which is executing, in the standard GNU \fIcpu-company-system\fP format. The default is system-dependent. .TP +.B MAPFILE +An array variable (see \fBArrays\fP below) created to hold the text +read by the \fBmapfile\fP builtin when no variable name is supplied. +.TP .B OLDPWD The previous working directory as set by the .B cd @@ -1694,6 +1732,28 @@ If is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. .TP +.B READLINE_LINE +The contents of the +.B readline +line buffer, for use with +.if t \f(CWbind -x\fP +.if n "bind -x" +(see +.SM +.B "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS" +below). +.TP +.B READLINE_POINT +The position of the insertion point in the +.B readline +line buffer, for use with +.if t \f(CWbind -x\fP +.if n "bind -x" +(see +.SM +.B "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS" +below). +.TP .B REPLY Set to the line of input read by the .B read @@ -1766,18 +1826,6 @@ expansion before being interpreted as a file name. .B PATH is not used to search for the resultant file name. .TP -.B CDPATH -The search path for the -.B cd -command. -This is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks -for destination directories specified by the -.B cd -command. -A sample value is -.if t \f(CW".:~:/usr"\fP. -.if n ".:~:/usr". -.TP .B BASH_XTRACEFD If set to an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor, \fBbash\fP will write the trace output generated when @@ -1800,9 +1848,23 @@ to 2 (the standard error file descriptor) and then unsetting it will result in the standard error being closed. .TP +.B CDPATH +The search path for the +.B cd +command. +This is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks +for destination directories specified by the +.B cd +command. +A sample value is +.if t \f(CW".:~:/usr"\fP. +.if n ".:~:/usr". +.TP .B COLUMNS -Used by the \fBselect\fP builtin command to determine the terminal width -when printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a SIGWINCH. +Used by the \fBselect\fP compound command to determine the terminal width +when printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a +.SM +.BR SIGWINCH . .TP .B COMPREPLY An array variable from which \fBbash\fP reads the possible completions @@ -1814,9 +1876,15 @@ If \fBbash\fP finds this variable in the environment when the shell starts with value .if t \f(CWt\fP, .if n "t", -it assumes that the shell is running in an emacs shell buffer and disables +it assumes that the shell is running in an Emacs shell buffer and disables line editing. .TP +.B ENV +Similar to +.SM +.BR BASH_ENV ; +used when the shell is invoked in POSIX mode. +.TP .B FCEDIT The default editor for the .B fc @@ -1836,6 +1904,11 @@ A sample value is .if t \f(CW".o:~"\fP. .if n ".o:~". .TP +.B FUNCNEST +If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum function +nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this nesting level +will cause the current command to abort. +.TP .B GLOBIGNORE A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames to be ignored by pathname expansion. @@ -2020,18 +2093,19 @@ strings preceded by a \fB$\fP. This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting. .TP .B LINES -Used by the \fBselect\fP builtin command to determine the column length +Used by the \fBselect\fP compound command to determine the column length for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a .SM .BR SIGWINCH . .TP .B MAIL -If this parameter is set to a file name and the +If this parameter is set to a file or directory name and the .SM .B MAILPATH variable is not set, .B bash -informs the user of the arrival of mail in the specified file. +informs the user of the arrival of mail in the specified file or +Maildir-format directory. .TP .B MAILCHECK Specifies how @@ -2200,6 +2274,7 @@ If this variable is not set, \fBbash\fP acts as if it had the value \fB$\(aq\enreal\et%3lR\enuser\et%3lU\ensys\t%3lS\(aq\fP. If the value is null, no timing information is displayed. A trailing newline is added when the format string is displayed. +.PD 0 .TP .B TMOUT If set to a value greater than zero, @@ -2219,8 +2294,8 @@ terminates after waiting for that number of seconds if input does not arrive. .TP .B TMPDIR -If set, \fBBash\fP uses its value as the name of a directory in which -\fBBash\fP creates temporary files for the shell's use. +If set, \fBbash\fP uses its value as the name of a directory in which +\fBbash\fP creates temporary files for the shell's use. .TP .B auto_resume This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and @@ -2284,9 +2359,13 @@ using arbitrary strings. An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned to using the syntax \fIname\fP[\fIsubscript\fP]=\fIvalue\fP. The .I subscript -is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number -greater than or equal to zero. To explicitly declare an indexed array, -use +is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number. +If +.I subscript +evaluates to a number less than zero, it is used as +an offset from one greater than the array's maximum index (so a subcript +of -1 refers to the last element of the array). +To explicitly declare an indexed array, use .B declare \-a \fIname\fP (see .SM @@ -2371,6 +2450,9 @@ builtins each accept a option to specify an indexed array and a .B \-A option to specify an associative array. +If both options are supplied, +.B \-A +takes precedence. The .B read builtin accepts a @@ -2595,7 +2677,7 @@ a level of variable indirection is introduced. expanded and that value is used in the rest of the substitution, rather than the value of \fIparameter\fP itself. This is known as \fIindirect expansion\fP. -The exceptions to this are the expansions of ${!\fIprefix\fP*} and +The exceptions to this are the expansions of ${\fB!\fP\fIprefix\fP\fB*\fP} and ${\fB!\fP\fIname\fP[\fI@\fP]} described below. The exclamation point must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce indirection. @@ -2655,7 +2737,7 @@ ${\fIparameter\fP\fB:\fP\fIoffset\fP} .TP ${\fIparameter\fP\fB:\fP\fIoffset\fP\fB:\fP\fIlength\fP} .PD -\fBSubstring Expansion.\fP +\fBSubstring Expansion\fP. Expands to up to \fIlength\fP characters of \fIparameter\fP starting at the character specified by \fIoffset\fP. If \fIlength\fP is omitted, expands to the substring of @@ -2665,9 +2747,13 @@ If \fIlength\fP is omitted, expands to the substring of .B ARITHMETIC EVALUATION below). -\fIlength\fP must evaluate to a number greater than or equal to zero. If \fIoffset\fP evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is used as an offset from the end of the value of \fIparameter\fP. +If \fIlength\fP evaluates to a number less than zero, and \fIparameter\fP +is not \fB@\fP and not an indexed or associative array, it is interpreted +as an offset from the end of the value of \fIparameter\fP rather than +a number of characters, and the expansion is the characters between the +two offsets. If \fIparameter\fP is \fB@\fP, the result is \fIlength\fP positional parameters beginning at \fIoffset\fP. If \fIparameter\fP is an indexed array name subscripted by @ or *, @@ -2689,7 +2775,7 @@ ${\fB!\fP\fIprefix\fP\fB*\fP} .TP ${\fB!\fP\fIprefix\fP\fB@\fP} .PD -\fBNames matching prefix.\fP +\fBNames matching prefix\fP. Expands to the names of variables whose names begin with \fIprefix\fP, separated by the first character of the .SM @@ -2703,7 +2789,7 @@ ${\fB!\fP\fIname\fP[\fI@\fP]} .TP ${\fB!\fP\fIname\fP[\fI*\fP]} .PD -\fBList of array keys.\fP +\fBList of array keys\fP. If \fIname\fP is an array variable, expands to the list of array indices (keys) assigned in \fIname\fP. If \fIname\fP is not an array, expands to 0 if \fIname\fP is set and null @@ -2712,7 +2798,7 @@ When \fI@\fP is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, each key expands to a separate word. .TP ${\fB#\fP\fIparameter\fP} -\fBParameter length.\fP +\fBParameter length\fP. The length in characters of the value of \fIparameter\fP is substituted. If .I parameter @@ -2734,7 +2820,7 @@ ${\fIparameter\fP\fB#\fP\fIword\fP} .TP ${\fIparameter\fP\fB##\fP\fIword\fP} .PD -\fBRemove matching prefix pattern.\fP +\fBRemove matching prefix pattern\fP. The .I word is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname @@ -2767,7 +2853,7 @@ ${\fIparameter\fP\fB%\fP\fIword\fP} .TP ${\fIparameter\fP\fB%%\fP\fIword\fP} .PD -\fBRemove matching suffix pattern.\fP +\fBRemove matching suffix pattern\fP. The \fIword\fP is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. If the pattern matches a trailing portion of the expanded value of @@ -2794,7 +2880,7 @@ the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. .TP ${\fIparameter\fP\fB/\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB/\fP\fIstring\fP} -\fBPattern substitution.\fP +\fBPattern substitution\fP. The \fIpattern\fP is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. \fIParameter\fP is expanded and the longest match of \fIpattern\fP @@ -2833,7 +2919,7 @@ ${\fIparameter\fP\fB,\fP\fIpattern\fP} .TP ${\fIparameter\fP\fB,,\fP\fIpattern\fP} .PD -\fBCase modification.\fP +\fBCase modification\fP. This expansion modifies the case of alphabetic characters in \fIparameter\fP. The \fIpattern\fP is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. @@ -2842,7 +2928,7 @@ to uppercase; the \fB,\fP operator converts matching uppercase letters to lowercase. The \fB^^\fP and \fB,,\fP expansions convert each matched character in the expanded value; the \fB^\fP and \fB,\fP expansions match and convert only -the first character in the expanded value.. +the first character in the expanded value. If \fIpattern\fP is omitted, it is treated like a \fB?\fP, which matches every character. If @@ -2865,7 +2951,6 @@ array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. .PP \fICommand substitution\fP allows the output of a command to replace the command name. There are two forms: -.PP .RS .PP \fB$(\fP\fIcommand\fP\|\fB)\fP @@ -3132,6 +3217,7 @@ they are to be matched literally. The special pattern characters have the following meanings: .PP .PD 0 +.RS .TP .B * Matches any string, including the null string. @@ -3211,6 +3297,7 @@ and the syntax \fB[.\fP\fIsymbol\fP\fB.]\fP matches the collating symbol \fIsymbol\fP. .RE +.RE .PD .PP If the \fBextglob\fP shell option is enabled using the \fBshopt\fP @@ -3697,7 +3784,7 @@ function become the positional parameters during its execution. The special parameter .B # -is updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 0 +is updated to reflect the change. Special parameter \fB0\fP is unchanged. The first element of the .SM @@ -3736,6 +3823,11 @@ Variables local to the function may be declared with the builtin command. Ordinarily, variables and their values are shared between the function and its caller. .PP +The \fBFUNCNEST\fP variable, if set to a numeric value greater +than 0, defines a maximum function nesting level. Function +invocations that exceed the limit cause the entire command to +abort. +.PP If the builtin command .B return is executed in a function, the function completes and @@ -3779,8 +3871,10 @@ in multiple identically-named entries in the environment passed to the shell's children. Care should be taken in cases where this may cause a problem. .PP -Functions may be recursive. No limit is imposed on the number -of recursive calls. +Functions may be recursive. +The \fBFUNCNEST\fP variable may be used to limit the depth of the +function call stack and restrict the number of function invocations. +By default, no limit is imposed on the number of recursive calls. .SH "ARITHMETIC EVALUATION" The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain circumstances (see the \fBlet\fP and \fBdeclare\fP builtin @@ -3860,12 +3954,12 @@ The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the \fIinteger\fP attribute using \fBdeclare -i\fP is assigned a value. A null value evaluates to 0. -A shell variable need not have its integer attribute +A shell variable need not have its \fIinteger\fP attribute turned on to be used in an expression. .PP Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers. A leading 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. -Otherwise, numbers take the form [\fIbase#\fP]n, where \fIbase\fP +Otherwise, numbers take the form [\fIbase#\fP]n, where the optional \fIbase\fP is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing the arithmetic base, and \fIn\fP is a number in that base. If \fIbase#\fP is omitted, then base 10 is used. @@ -3893,8 +3987,9 @@ Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow symbolic links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself. .if t .sp 0.5 .if n .sp 1 -When used with \fB[[\fP, The \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP operators sort +When used with \fB[[\fP, the \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. +The \fBtest\fP command sorts using ASCII ordering. .sp 1 .PD 0 .TP @@ -3948,20 +4043,24 @@ True if \fIfile\fP exists and is writable. .B \-x \fIfile\fP True if \fIfile\fP exists and is executable. .TP -.B \-O \fIfile\fP -True if \fIfile\fP exists and is owned by the effective user id. -.TP .B \-G \fIfile\fP True if \fIfile\fP exists and is owned by the effective group id. .TP .B \-L \fIfile\fP True if \fIfile\fP exists and is a symbolic link. .TP +.B \-N \fIfile\fP +True if \fIfile\fP exists and has been modified since it was last read. +.TP +.B \-O \fIfile\fP +True if \fIfile\fP exists and is owned by the effective user id. +.TP .B \-S \fIfile\fP True if \fIfile\fP exists and is a socket. .TP -.B \-N \fIfile\fP -True if \fIfile\fP exists and has been modified since it was last read. +\fIfile1\fP \fB\-ef\fP \fIfile2\fP +True if \fIfile1\fP and \fIfile2\fP refer to the same device and +inode numbers. .TP \fIfile1\fP \-\fBnt\fP \fIfile2\fP True if \fIfile1\fP is newer (according to modification date) than \fIfile2\fP, @@ -3971,12 +4070,8 @@ or if \fIfile1\fP exists and \fPfile2\fP does not. True if \fIfile1\fP is older than \fIfile2\fP, or if \fIfile2\fP exists and \fIfile1\fP does not. .TP -\fIfile1\fP \fB\-ef\fP \fIfile2\fP -True if \fIfile1\fP and \fIfile2\fP refer to the same device and -inode numbers. -.TP .B \-o \fIoptname\fP -True if shell option +True if the shell option .I optname is enabled. See the list of options under the description of the @@ -3985,6 +4080,11 @@ option to the .B set builtin below. .TP +.B \-v \fIvarname\fP +True if the shell variable +.I varname +is set (has been assigned a value). +.TP .B \-z \fIstring\fP True if the length of \fIstring\fP is zero. .TP @@ -4143,7 +4243,6 @@ arguments, if any. .SH COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT The shell has an \fIexecution environment\fP, which consists of the following: -.if n .sp 1 .IP \(bu open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by redirections supplied to the \fBexec\fP builtin @@ -4207,8 +4306,8 @@ subshell environment. Changes made to the subshell environment cannot affect the shell's execution environment. .PP Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of -the \fB\-e\fP option from the parent shell. When not in posix mode, -Bash clears the \fB\-e\fP option in such subshells. +the \fB\-e\fP option from the parent shell. When not in \fIposix\fP mode, +\fBbash\fP clears the \fB\-e\fP option in such subshells. .PP If a command is followed by a \fB&\fP and job control is not active, the default standard input for the command is the empty file \fI/dev/null\fP. @@ -4703,7 +4802,7 @@ shell, unless the option is given at shell invocation. Line editing is also used when using the \fB\-e\fP option to the \fBread\fP builtin. -By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of emacs. +By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs. A vi-style line editing interface is also available. Line editing can be enabled at any time using the .B \-o emacs @@ -4724,7 +4823,7 @@ options to the builtin. .SS "Readline Notation" .PP -In this section, the emacs-style notation is used to denote +In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote keystrokes. Control keys are denoted by C\-\fIkey\fR, e.g., C\-n means Control\-N. Similarly, .I meta @@ -5041,7 +5140,7 @@ mapped to \fBself-insert\fP. .TP .B editing\-mode (emacs) Controls whether readline begins with a set of key bindings similar -to \fIemacs\fP or \fIvi\fP. +to \fIEmacs\fP or \fIvi\fP. .B editing\-mode can be set to either .B emacs @@ -5064,11 +5163,11 @@ key the terminal claims to support when it is called. On many terminals, the meta key is used to send eight-bit characters. .TP .B expand\-tilde (Off) -If set to \fBon\fP, tilde expansion is performed when readline +If set to \fBOn\fP, tilde expansion is performed when readline attempts word completion. .TP .B history\-preserve\-point (Off) -If set to \fBon\fP, the history code attempts to place point at the +If set to \fBOn\fP, the history code attempts to place point at the same location on each history line retrieved with \fBprevious-history\fP or \fBnext-history\fP. .TP @@ -5122,9 +5221,15 @@ have a slash appended (subject to the value of .B match\-hidden\-files (On) This variable, when set to \fBOn\fP, causes readline to match files whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing filename -completion, unless the leading `.' is +completion. +If set to \fBOff\fP, the leading `.' must be supplied by the user in the filename to be completed. .TP +.B menu\-complete\-display\-prefix (Off) +If set to \fBOn\fP, menu completion displays the common prefix of the +list of possible completions (which may be empty) before cycling through +the list. +.TP .B output\-meta (Off) If set to \fBOn\fP, readline will display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape @@ -5139,7 +5244,7 @@ If set to \fBOn\fP, readline will display completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the screen. .TP .B revert\-all\-at\-newline (Off) -If set to \fBon\fP, readline will undo all changes to history lines +If set to \fBOn\fP, readline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when \fBaccept\-line\fP is executed. By default, history lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists across calls to \fBreadline\fP. @@ -5147,7 +5252,7 @@ calls to \fBreadline\fP. .B show\-all\-if\-ambiguous (Off) This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. If set to -.BR on , +.BR On , words which have more than one possible completion cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. .TP @@ -5155,7 +5260,7 @@ matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in a fashion similar to \fBshow\-all\-if\-ambiguous\fP. If set to -.BR on , +.BR On , words which have more than one possible completion without any possible partial completion (the possible completions don't share a common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately instead @@ -5215,7 +5320,7 @@ library sets the \fIapplication name\fP, and an initialization file can test for a particular value. This could be used to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific program. For instance, the following command adds a -key sequence that quotes the current or previous word in Bash: +key sequence that quotes the current or previous word in \fBbash\fP: .sp 1 .RS .nf @@ -5401,10 +5506,14 @@ as if the "!\fIn\fP" history expansion had been specified. .B yank\-last\-arg (M\-.\^, M\-_\^) Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word of -the previous history entry). With an argument, -behave exactly like \fByank\-nth\-arg\fP. +the previous history entry). +With a numeric argument, behave exactly like \fByank\-nth\-arg\fP. Successive calls to \fByank\-last\-arg\fP move back through the history -list, inserting the last argument of each line in turn. +list, inserting the last word (or the word specified by the argument to +the first call) of each line in turn. +Any numeric argument supplied to these successive calls determines +the direction to move through the history. A negative argument switches +the direction through the history (back or forward). The history expansion facilities are used to extract the last argument, as if the "!$" history expansion had been specified. .TP @@ -5653,7 +5762,7 @@ through the list. This command is intended to be bound to \fBTAB\fP, but is unbound by default. .TP -.B menu\-complete-\backward +.B menu\-complete\-backward Identical to \fBmenu\-complete\fP, but moves backward through the list of possible completions, as if \fBmenu\-complete\fP had been given a negative argument. This command is unbound by default. @@ -5790,7 +5899,7 @@ character. A negative count searches for previous occurrences. A character is read and point is moved to the previous occurrence of that character. A negative count searches for subsequent occurrences. .TP -.B skip\-csi\-sequence () +.B skip\-csi\-sequence Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin with a Control Sequence Indicator (CSI), usually ESC\-[. If this sequence is @@ -5874,7 +5983,7 @@ If the command word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash. -If those searches to not result in a compspec, any compspec defined with +If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined with the \fB\-D\fP option to \fBcomplete\fP is used as the default. .PP Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of @@ -6018,7 +6127,7 @@ exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and changes the compspec associated with the command on which completion is being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is executed), programmable completion restarts from the beginning, with an -attempt to find a compspec for that command. This allows a set of +attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once. .PP @@ -6255,6 +6364,8 @@ writing the history file. .PP An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the history list. +Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to the current +position in the history list. .PP .PD 0 .TP @@ -6270,25 +6381,27 @@ Refer to command line .IR n . .TP .B !\-\fIn\fR -Refer to the current command line minus +Refer to the current command minus .IR n . .TP .B !! Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for `!\-1'. .TP .B !\fIstring\fR -Refer to the most recent command starting with +Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position in the +history list starting with .IR string . .TP .B !?\fIstring\fR\fB[?]\fR -Refer to the most recent command containing +Refer to the most recent command preceding the current postition in the +history list containing .IR string . The trailing \fB?\fP may be omitted if .I string is followed immediately by a newline. .TP .B \d\s+2^\s-2\u\fIstring1\fP\d\s+2^\s-2\u\fIstring2\fP\d\s+2^\s-2\u -Quick substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing +Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing .I string1 with .IR string2 . @@ -6655,7 +6768,7 @@ is not a shell builtin command. .TP \fBcaller\fP [\fIexpr\fP] Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell function or -a script executed with the \fB.\fP or \fBsource\fP builtins. +a script executed with the \fB.\fP or \fBsource\fP builtins). Without \fIexpr\fP, \fBcaller\fP displays the line number and source filename of the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is supplied as \fIexpr\fP, \fBcaller\fP @@ -6667,7 +6780,7 @@ The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a subroutine call or \fIexpr\fP does not correspond to a valid position in the call stack. .TP -\fBcd\fP [\fB\-L|-P\fP] [\fIdir\fP] +\fBcd\fP [\fB\-L\fP|[\fB\-P\fP [\fB\-e\fP]]] [\fIdir\fP] Change the current directory to \fIdir\fP. The variable .SM .B HOME @@ -6700,7 +6813,15 @@ option to the .B set builtin command); the .B \-L -option forces symbolic links to be followed. An argument of +option forces symbolic links to be followed. +If the +.B \-e +option is supplied with +.BR \-P , +and the current working directory cannot be successfully determined +after a successful directory change, \fBcd\fP will return an unsuccessful +status. +An argument of .B \- is equivalent to .SM @@ -6926,18 +7047,6 @@ User names. May also be specified as \fB\-u\fP. Names of all shell variables. May also be specified as \fB\-v\fP. .RE .TP 8 -\fB\-G\fP \fIglobpat\fP -The pathname expansion pattern \fIglobpat\fP is expanded to generate -the possible completions. -.TP 8 -\fB\-W\fP \fIwordlist\fP -The \fIwordlist\fP is split using the characters in the -.SM -.B IFS -special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word is expanded. -The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which -match the word being completed. -.TP 8 \fB\-C\fP \fIcommand\fP \fIcommand\fP is executed in a subshell environment, and its output is used as the possible completions. @@ -6951,13 +7060,9 @@ of the .B COMPREPLY array variable. .TP 8 -\fB\-X\fP \fIfilterpat\fP -\fIfilterpat\fP is a pattern as used for pathname expansion. -It is applied to the list of possible completions generated by the -preceding options and arguments, and each completion matching -\fIfilterpat\fP is removed from the list. -A leading \fB!\fP in \fIfilterpat\fP negates the pattern; in this -case, any completion not matching \fIfilterpat\fP is removed. +\fB\-G\fP \fIglobpat\fP +The pathname expansion pattern \fIglobpat\fP is expanded to generate +the possible completions. .TP 8 \fB\-P\fP \fIprefix\fP \fIprefix\fP is added at the beginning of each possible completion @@ -6966,6 +7071,22 @@ after all other options have been applied. \fB\-S\fP \fIsuffix\fP \fIsuffix\fP is appended to each possible completion after all other options have been applied. +.TP 8 +\fB\-W\fP \fIwordlist\fP +The \fIwordlist\fP is split using the characters in the +.SM +.B IFS +special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word is expanded. +The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which +match the word being completed. +.TP 8 +\fB\-X\fP \fIfilterpat\fP +\fIfilterpat\fP is a pattern as used for pathname expansion. +It is applied to the list of possible completions generated by the +preceding options and arguments, and each completion matching +\fIfilterpat\fP is removed from the list. +A leading \fB!\fP in \fIfilterpat\fP negates the pattern; in this +case, any completion not matching \fIfilterpat\fP is removed. .PD .PP The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an option @@ -6978,7 +7099,7 @@ an error occurs adding a completion specification. \fBcompopt\fP [\fB\-o\fP \fIoption\fP] [\fB\-DE\fP] [\fB+o\fP \fIoption\fP] [\fIname\fP] Modify completion options for each \fIname\fP according to the \fIoption\fPs, or for the -currently-execution completion if no \fIname\fPs are supplied. +currently-executing completion if no \fIname\fPs are supplied. If no \fIoption\fPs are given, display the completion options for each \fIname\fP or the current completion. The possible values of \fIoption\fP are those valid for the \fBcomplete\fP @@ -6989,7 +7110,7 @@ on a command for which no completion has previously been defined. The \fB\-E\fP option indicates that the remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line. -.PP +.sp 1 The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the options for a \fIname\fP for which no completion specification exists, or an output error occurs. @@ -7012,10 +7133,10 @@ is greater than the number of enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless \fIn\fP is not greater than or equal to 1. .TP -\fBdeclare\fP [\fB\-aAfFilrtux\fP] [\fB\-p\fP] [\fIname\fP[=\fIvalue\fP] ...] +\fBdeclare\fP [\fB\-aAfFgilrtux\fP] [\fB\-p\fP] [\fIname\fP[=\fIvalue\fP] ...] .PD 0 .TP -\fBtypeset\fP [\fB\-aAfFilrtux\fP] [\fB\-p\fP] [\fIname\fP[=\fIvalue\fP] ...] +\fBtypeset\fP [\fB\-aAfFgilrtux\fP] [\fB\-p\fP] [\fIname\fP[=\fIvalue\fP] ...] .PD Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no \fIname\fPs are given then display the values of variables. @@ -7044,6 +7165,11 @@ are displayed as well. The .B \-F option implies .BR \-f . +The +.B \-g +option forces variables to be created or modified at the global scope, +even when \fBdeclare\fP is executed in a shell function. +It is ignored in all other cases. The following options can be used to restrict output to variables with the specified attribute or to give variables attributes: @@ -7098,11 +7224,11 @@ turns off the attribute instead, with the exceptions that \fB+a\fP may not be used to destroy an array variable and \fB+r\fP will not remove the readonly attribute. -When used in a function, -makes each -\fIname\fP local, as with the +When used in a function, makes each +\fIname\fP local, as with the .B local -command. +command, +unless the \fB\-g\fP option is supplied, If a variable name is followed by =\fIvalue\fP, the value of the variable is set to \fIvalue\fP. The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, @@ -7119,7 +7245,7 @@ an attempt is made to turn off array status for an array variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-existent function with \fB\-f\fP. .RE .TP -.B dirs [+\fIn\fP] [\-\fIn\fP] [\fB\-cplv\fP] +.B dirs [+\fIn\fP] [\-\fIn\fP] [\fB\-clpv\fP] Without options, displays the list of currently remembered directories. The default display is on a single line with directory names separated by spaces. @@ -7228,6 +7354,8 @@ backspace suppress further output .TP .B \ee +.TP +.B \eE an escape character .TP .B \ef @@ -7255,6 +7383,14 @@ the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value \fInnn\fP .B \ex\fIHH\fP the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value \fIHH\fP (one or two hex digits) +.TP +.B \eu\fIHHHH\fP +the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value +\fIHHHH\fP (one to four hex digits) +.TP +.B \eU\fIHHHHHHHH\fP +the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value +\fIHHHHHHHH\fP (one to eight hex digits) .PD .RE .TP @@ -7541,7 +7677,7 @@ return value greater than zero. .SM .B OPTIND is set to the index of the first non-option argument, -and \fBname\fP is set to ?. +and \fIname\fP is set to ?. .sp 1 .B getopts normally parses the positional parameters, but if more arguments are @@ -7605,12 +7741,13 @@ It returns false if the end of options is encountered or an error occurs. .TP \fBhash\fP [\fB\-lr\fP] [\fB\-p\fP \fIfilename\fP] [\fB\-dt\fP] [\fIname\fP] -For each -.IR name , -the full file name of the command is determined by searching +Each time \fBhash\fP is invoked, +the full pathname of the command +.I name +is determined by searching the directories in .B $PATH -and remembered. +and remembered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the .B \-p option is supplied, no path search is performed, and @@ -7658,9 +7795,10 @@ Display the description of each \fIpattern\fP in a manpage-like format .B \-s Display only a short usage synopsis for each \fIpattern\fP .PD -.RE +.PP The return status is 0 unless no command matches .IR pattern . +.RE .TP \fBhistory [\fIn\fP] .PD 0 @@ -7768,14 +7906,14 @@ meanings: List process IDs in addition to the normal information. .TP -.B \-p -List only the process ID of the job's process group -leader. -.TP .B \-n Display information only about jobs that have changed status since the user was last notified of their status. .TP +.B \-p +List only the process ID of the job's process group +leader. +.TP .B \-r Restrict output to running jobs. .TP @@ -7949,7 +8087,8 @@ is specified without .BR \-c , the default quantum is 5000. When \fIcallback\fP is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next -array element to be assigned as an additional argument. +array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that element +as additional arguments. \fIcallback\fP is evaluated after the line is read but before the array element is assigned. .PP @@ -8013,27 +8152,49 @@ directory change fails. \fBprintf\fP [\fB\-v\fP \fIvar\fP] \fIformat\fP [\fIarguments\fP] Write the formatted \fIarguments\fP to the standard output under the control of the \fIformat\fP. +The \fB\-v\fP option causes the output to be assigned to the variable +\fIvar\fP rather than being printed to the standard output. +.sp 1 The \fIformat\fP is a character string which contains three types of objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard output, character escape sequences, which are converted and copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next successive \fIargument\fP. -In addition to the standard \fIprintf\fP(1) formats, \fB%b\fP causes +In addition to the standard \fIprintf\fP(1) format specifications, +\fBprintf\fP interprets the following extensions: +.RS +.PD 0 +.TP +.B %b +causes \fBprintf\fP to expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding \fIargument\fP (except that \fB\ec\fP terminates output, backslashes in \fB\e\(aq\fP, \fB\e"\fP, and \fB\e?\fP are not removed, and octal escapes -beginning with \fB\e0\fP may contain up to four digits), -and \fB%q\fP causes \fBprintf\fP to output the corresponding +beginning with \fB\e0\fP may contain up to four digits). +.TP +.B %q +causes \fBprintf\fP to output the corresponding \fIargument\fP in a format that can be reused as shell input. -.sp 1 -The \fB\-v\fP option causes the output to be assigned to the variable -\fIvar\fP rather than being printed to the standard output. -.sp 1 +.TP +.B %(\fIdatefmt\fP)T +causes \fBprintf\fP to output the date-time string resulting from using +\fIdatefmt\fP as a format string for \fIstrftime\fP(3). The corresponding +\fIargument\fP is an integer representing the number of seconds since the +epoch. Two special argument values may be used: -1 represents the current +time, and -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. +.PD +.PP +Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C constants, +except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and if the leading +character is a single or double quote, the value is the ASCII value of +the following character. +.PP The \fIformat\fP is reused as necessary to consume all of the \fIarguments\fP. If the \fIformat\fP requires more \fIarguments\fP than are supplied, the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or null string, as -appropriate, had been supplied. The return value is zero on success, -non-zero on failure. +appropriate, had been supplied. +The return value is zero on success, non-zero on failure. +.RE .TP \fBpushd\fP [\fB\-n\fP] [+\fIn\fP] [\-\fIn\fP] .PD 0 @@ -8211,7 +8372,7 @@ times out (in which case the return code is greater than 128), or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to \fB\-u\fP. .RE .TP -\fBreadonly\fP [\fB\-aApf\fP] [\fIname\fP[=\fIword\fP] ...] +\fBreadonly\fP [\fB\-aAf\fP] [\fB\-p\fP] [\fIname\fP[=\fIword\fP] ...] .PD The given \fInames\fP are marked readonly; the values of these @@ -8227,11 +8388,16 @@ The option restricts the variables to indexed arrays; the .B \-A option restricts the variables to associative arrays. +If both options are supplied, +.B \-A +takes precedence. If no .I name arguments are given, or if the .B \-p option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. +The other options may be used to restrict the output to a subset of +the set of readonly names. The .B \-p option causes output to be displayed in a format that @@ -8266,10 +8432,10 @@ the return status is false. Any command associated with the \fBRETURN\fP trap is executed before execution resumes after the function or script. .TP -\fBset\fP [\fB\-\-abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT\fP] [\fB\-o\fP \fIoption\fP] [\fIarg\fP ...] +\fBset\fP [\fB\-\-abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT\fP] [\fB\-o\fP \fIoption\-name\fP] [\fIarg\fP ...] .PD 0 .TP -\fBset\fP [\fB+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT\fP] [\fB+o\fP \fIoption\fP] [\fIarg\fP ...] +\fBset\fP [\fB+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT\fP] [\fB+o\fP \fIoption\-name\fP] [\fIarg\fP ...] .PD Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are displayed in a format that can be reused as input @@ -8318,8 +8484,8 @@ or reserved words, part of any command executed in a .B && or -.B \(bv\(bv -list except the command following the final \fB&&\fP or \fB\(bv\(bv\fP, +.B || +list except the command following the final \fB&&\fP or \fB||\fP, any command in a pipeline but the last, or if the command's return value is being inverted with @@ -8751,21 +8917,37 @@ easy re-editing of multi-line commands. If set, .B bash changes its behavior to that of version 3.1 with respect to quoted -arguments to the conditional command's =~ operator. +arguments to the \fB[[\fP conditional command's \fB=~\fP operator. .TP 8 .B compat32 If set, .B bash changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 with respect to locale-specific -string comparison when using the conditional command's < and > operators. +string comparison when using the \fB[[\fP +conditional command's \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP operators. +Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and +.IR strcmp (3); +bash-4.1 and later +use the current locale's collation sequence and +.IR strcoll (3). .TP 8 .B compat40 If set, .B bash changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 with respect to locale-specific -string comparison when using the conditional command's < and > operators +string comparison when using the \fB[[\fP +conditional command's \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP operators (see previous item) and the effect of interrupting a command list. .TP 8 +.B compat41 +If set, +.BR bash , +when in posix mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted +parameter expansion as a special character. The single quotes must match +(an even number) and the characters between the single quotes are considered +quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode through version 4.1. +The default bash behavior remains as in previous versions. +.TP 8 .B dirspell If set, .B bash @@ -8827,7 +9009,7 @@ subshells invoked with \fB(\fP \fIcommand\fP \fB)\fP inherit the .B 6. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and subshells invoked with \fB(\fP \fIcommand\fP \fB)\fP inherit the -\fBERROR\fP trap. +\fBERR\fP trap. .RE .TP 8 .B extglob @@ -8860,7 +9042,7 @@ This option is enabled by default. .TP 8 .B globstar If set, the pattern \fB**\fP used in a pathname expansion context will -match a files and zero or more directories and subdirectories. +match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a \fB/\fP, only directories and subdirectories match. .TP 8 @@ -8915,6 +9097,10 @@ line to be ignored in an interactive shell (see .B COMMENTS above). This option is enabled by default. .TP 8 +.B lastpipe +If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs the last command of +a pipeline not executed in the background in the current shell environment. +.TP 8 .B lithist If set, and the .B cmdhist @@ -9007,6 +9193,7 @@ This option is enabled by default. If set, the \fBecho\fP builtin expands backslash-escape sequences by default. .RE +.PD .TP \fBsuspend\fP [\fB\-f\fP] Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a @@ -9037,6 +9224,7 @@ an argument of \fB\-\-\fP as signifying the end of options. Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation depends on the number of arguments; see below. +Operator precedence is used when there are five or more arguments. .RS .PD 0 .TP @@ -9088,6 +9276,7 @@ If the first argument is not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is false. .TP 3 arguments +The following conditions are applied in the order listed. If the second argument is one of the binary conditional operators listed above under .SM @@ -9112,6 +9301,11 @@ precedence using the rules listed above. 5 or more arguments The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the rules listed above. +.if t .sp 0.5 +.if n .sp 1 +.LP +When used with \fBtest\fP or \fB[\fP, the \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP operators +sort lexicographically using ASCII ordering. .RE .PD .TP @@ -9157,7 +9351,10 @@ Each .I sigspec is either a signal name defined in <\fIsignal.h\fP>, or a signal number. -Signal names are case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. +Signal names are case insensitive and the +.SM +.B SIG +prefix is optional. .if t .sp 0.5 .if n .sp 1 If a @@ -9190,8 +9387,8 @@ is .BR RETURN , the command .I arg -is executed each time a shell function or a script executed with the -\fB.\fP or \fBsource\fP builtins finishes executing. +is executed each time a shell function or a script executed with +the \fB.\fP or \fBsource\fP builtins finishes executing. .if t .sp 0.5 .if n .sp 1 If a @@ -9217,7 +9414,7 @@ part of the test in an statement, part of a command executed in a .B && or -.B \(bv\(bv +.B || list, or if the command's return value is being inverted via .BR ! . @@ -9387,7 +9584,8 @@ The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds The maximum number of processes available to a single user .TP .B \-v -The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell +The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell and, on +some systems, to its children .TP .B \-x The maximum number of file locks @@ -9549,7 +9747,7 @@ as an argument to the .B . builtin command .IP \(bu -Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the +specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the .B \-p option to the .B hash @@ -9576,7 +9774,7 @@ options to the .B enable builtin command .IP \(bu -Using the \fBenable\fP builtin command to enable disabled shell builtins +using the \fBenable\fP builtin command to enable disabled shell builtins .IP \(bu specifying the .B \-p @@ -9655,7 +9853,7 @@ make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest version of .BR bash . The latest version is always available from -\fIftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/bash/\fP. +\fIftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/\fP. .PP Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the .I bashbug @@ -9687,7 +9885,7 @@ it provides for filing a bug report. .PP Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to -.IR chet@po.cwru.edu . +.IR chet.ramey@case.edu . .SH BUGS .PP It's too big and too slow. diff --git a/doc/bash.html b/doc/bash.html index 2aa2825..d1b6489 100644 --- a/doc/bash.html +++ b/doc/bash.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ </HEAD> <BODY><TABLE WIDTH=100%> <TR> -<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2009 December 29<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1) +<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2010 December 28<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1) </TR> </TABLE> <BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A> @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ bash - GNU Bourne-Again SHell <H3>COPYRIGHT</H3> -Bash is Copyright © 1989-2009 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Bash is Copyright © 1989-2010 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. <A NAME="lbAE"> </A> <H3>DESCRIPTION</H3> @@ -67,8 +67,10 @@ can be configured to be POSIX-conformant by default. <A NAME="lbAF"> </A> <H3>OPTIONS</H3> -In addition to the single-character shell options documented in the -description of the <B>set</B> builtin command, <B>bash</B> +All of the single-character shell options documented in the +description of the <B>set</B> builtin command can be used as options +when the shell is invoked. +In addition, <B>bash</B> interprets the following options when it is invoked: <P> @@ -195,11 +197,6 @@ Turns on extended debugging mode (see the description of the option to the <B>shopt</B> -builtin below) -and shell function tracing (see the description of the -<B>-o functrace</B> option to the -<B>set</B> - builtin below). <DT><B>--dump-po-strings</B> @@ -533,7 +530,7 @@ No other startup files are read. <B>Bash</B> attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard input -connected to a a network connection, as if by the remote shell +connected to a network connection, as when executed by the remote shell daemon, usually <I>rshd</I>, or the secure shell daemon <I>sshd</I>. If <B>bash</B> @@ -739,6 +736,8 @@ reserved word precedes a pipeline, the elapsed as well as user and system time consumed by its execution are reported when the pipeline terminates. The <B>-p</B> option changes the output format to that specified by POSIX. +When the shell is in <I>posix mode</I>, it does not recognize +<B>time</B> as a reserved word if the next token begins with a `-'. The <FONT SIZE=-1><B>TIMEFORMAT</B> @@ -754,6 +753,17 @@ under below. <P> +When the shell is in <I>posix mode</I>, <B>time</B> +may be followed by a newline. In this case, the shell displays the +total user and system time consumed by the shell and its children. +The +<FONT SIZE=-1><B>TIMEFORMAT</B> + +</FONT> +variable may be used to specify the format of +the time information. +<P> + Each command in a pipeline is executed as a separate process (i.e., in a subshell). <A NAME="lbAN"> </A> @@ -905,7 +915,7 @@ as primaries. <P> -When used with <B>[[</B>, The <B><</B> and <B>></B> operators sort +When used with <B>[[</B>, the <B><</B> and <B>></B> operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. <P> @@ -988,9 +998,7 @@ and <I>expression2</I> are true. -<DT><I>expression1</I> <B>||</B> <I>expression2</I> -<DD> - +<DT><I>expression1</I> <B>||</B> <I>expression2</I><DD> True if either <I>expression1</I> @@ -1002,9 +1010,7 @@ is true. </DL> <P> -The <B>&&</B> and -<B>||</B> - +The <B>&&</B> and <B>||</B> operators do not evaluate <I>expression2</I> if the value of <I>expression1</I> is sufficient to determine the return value of the entire conditional expression. @@ -1120,26 +1126,23 @@ the corresponding <B>then</B> <I>list</I> is executed and the command completes. Otherwise, the <B>else</B> <I>list</I> is executed, if present. The exit status is the exit status of the last command executed, or zero if no condition tested true. -<DT><B>while</B> <I>list</I>; <B>do</B> <I>list</I>; <B>done</B><DD> +<DT><B>while</B> <I>list-1</I>; <B>do</B> <I>list-2</I>; <B>done</B><DD> -<DT><B>until</B> <I>list</I>; <B>do</B> <I>list</I>; <B>done</B><DD> +<DT><B>until</B> <I>list-1</I>; <B>do</B> <I>list-2</I>; <B>done</B><DD> -The <B>while</B> command continuously executes the <B>do</B> -<I>list</I> as long as the last command in <I>list</I> returns +The <B>while</B> command continuously executes the list +<I>list-2</I> as long as the last command in the list <I>list-1</I> returns an exit status of zero. The <B>until</B> command is identical to the <B>while</B> command, except that the test is negated; -the -<B>do</B> - -<I>list</I> +<I>list-2</I> is executed as long as the last command in -<I>list</I> +<I>list-1</I> returns a non-zero exit status. The exit status of the <B>while</B> and <B>until</B> commands is the exit status -of the last <B>do</B> <I>list</I> command executed, or zero if +of the last command executed in <I>list-2</I>, or zero if none was executed. </DL> <A NAME="lbAP"> </A> @@ -1190,7 +1193,7 @@ command (see below). The file descriptors can be utilized as arguments to shell commands and redirections using standard word expansions. -The process id of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is +The process ID of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is available as the value of the variable <I>NAME</I>_PID. The <B>wait</B> builtin command may be used to wait for the coprocess to terminate. @@ -1206,7 +1209,10 @@ A shell function is an object that is called like a simple command and executes a compound command with a new set of positional parameters. Shell functions are declared as follows: <DL COMPACT> -<DT>[ <B>function</B> ] <I>name</I> () <I>compound-command</I> [<I>redirection</I>]<DD> +<DT><I>name</I> () <I>compound-command</I> [<I>redirection</I>]<DD> + +<DT><B>function</B> <I>name</I> [()] <I>compound-command</I> [<I>redirection</I>]<DD> + This defines a function named <I>name</I>. The reserved word <B>function</B> is optional. If the <B>function</B> reserved word is supplied, the parentheses are optional. @@ -1426,6 +1432,16 @@ the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value <I>nnn</I> <DD> the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value <I>HH</I> (one or two hex digits) +<DT><B>\u</B><I>HHHH</I> + +<DD> +the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value +<I>HHHH</I> (one to four hex digits) +<DT><B>\U</B><I>HHHHHHHH</I> + +<DD> +the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value +<I>HHHHHHHH</I> (one to eight hex digits) <DT><B>\c</B><I>x</I> <DD> @@ -1549,7 +1565,7 @@ builtin commands. In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value to a shell variable or array index, the += operator can be used to append to or add to the variable's previous value. -When += is applied to a variable for which the integer attribute has been +When += is applied to a variable for which the <I>integer</I> attribute has been set, <I>value</I> is evaluated as an arithmetic expression and added to the variable's current value, which is also evaluated. When += is applied to an array variable using compound assignment (see @@ -1761,14 +1777,14 @@ This variable is read-only. <DT><B>BASHPID</B> <DD> -Expands to the process id of the current <B>bash</B> process. +Expands to the process ID of the current <B>bash</B> process. This differs from <B>$$</B> under certain circumstances, such as subshells that do not require <B>bash</B> to be re-initialized. <DT><B>BASH_ALIASES</B> <DD> An associative array variable whose members correspond to the internal -list of aliases as maintained by the <B>alias</B> builtin +list of aliases as maintained by the <B>alias</B> builtin. Elements added to this array appear in the alias list; unsetting array elements cause aliases to be removed from the alias list. <DT><B>BASH_ARGC</B> @@ -1838,15 +1854,16 @@ The command argument to the <B>-c</B> invocation option. <DD> An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source files -corresponding to each member of -<FONT SIZE=-1><B>FUNCNAME</B>. +where each corresponding member of +<FONT SIZE=-1><B>FUNCNAME</B> </FONT> +was invoked. <B>${BASH_LINENO[</B><I>$i</I><B>]}</B> is the line number in the source -file where <B>${FUNCNAME[</B><I>$i</I><B>]}</B> was called +file (<B>${BASH_SOURCE[</B><I>$i+1</I><B>]}</B>) where +<B>${FUNCNAME[</B><I>$i</I><B>]}</B> was called (or <B>${BASH_LINENO[</B><I>$i-1</I><B>]}</B> if referenced within another shell function). -The corresponding source file name is <B>${BASH_SOURCE[</B><I>$i</I><B>]}</B>. Use <FONT SIZE=-1><B>LINENO</B> @@ -1865,12 +1882,16 @@ This variable is read-only. <DT><B>BASH_SOURCE</B> <DD> -An array variable whose members are the source filenames corresponding -to the elements in the +An array variable whose members are the source filenames +where the corresponding shell function names in the <FONT SIZE=-1><B>FUNCNAME</B> </FONT> -array variable. +array variable are defined. +The shell function +<B>${FUNCNAME[</B><I>$i</I><B>]}</B> is defined in the file +<B>${BASH_SOURCE[</B><I>$i</I><B>]}</B> and called from +<B>${BASH_SOURCE[</B><I>$i+1</I><B>]}</B>. <DT><B>BASH_SUBSHELL</B> <DD> @@ -1995,6 +2016,12 @@ as described above. This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see <B>Programmable Completion</B> below). +<DT><B>COPROC</B> + +<DD> +An array variable (see <B>Arrays</B> below) created to hold the file descriptors +for output from and input to an unnamed coprocess (see <B>Coprocesses</B> +above). <DT><B>DIRSTACK</B> <DD> @@ -2033,7 +2060,7 @@ An array variable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the execution call stack. The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing shell function. -The bottom-most element is +The bottom-most element (the one with the highest index) is <TT>"main"</TT>. This variable exists only when a shell function is executing. @@ -2048,6 +2075,17 @@ If </FONT> is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. +<P> + + +This variable can be used with <B>BASH_LINENO</B> and <B>BASH_SOURCE</B>. +Each element of <B>FUNCNAME</B> has corresponding elements in +<B>BASH_LINENO</B> and <B>BASH_SOURCE</B> to describe the call stack. +For instance, <B>${FUNCNAME[</B><I>$i</I><B>]}</B> was called from the file +<B>${BASH_SOURCE[</B><I>$i+1</I><B>]}</B> at line number +<B>${BASH_LINENO[</B><I>$i</I><B>]}</B>. +The <B>caller</B> builtin displays the current call stack using this +information. <DT><B>GROUPS</B> <DD> @@ -2111,6 +2149,11 @@ type on which is executing, in the standard GNU <I>cpu-company-system</I> format. The default is system-dependent. +<DT><B>MAPFILE</B> + +<DD> +An array variable (see <B>Arrays</B> below) created to hold the text +read by the <B>mapfile</B> builtin when no variable name is supplied. <DT><B>OLDPWD</B> <DD> @@ -2185,6 +2228,34 @@ If </FONT> is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. +<DT><B>READLINE_LINE</B> + +<DD> +The contents of the +<B>readline</B> + +line buffer, for use with +<TT>bind -x</TT> + +(see +<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</B> + +</FONT> +below). +<DT><B>READLINE_POINT</B> + +<DD> +The position of the insertion point in the +<B>readline</B> + +line buffer, for use with +<TT>bind -x</TT> + +(see +<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</B> + +</FONT> +below). <DT><B>REPLY</B> <DD> @@ -2281,21 +2352,6 @@ expansion before being interpreted as a file name. </FONT> is not used to search for the resultant file name. -<DT><B>CDPATH</B> - -<DD> -The search path for the -<B>cd</B> - -command. -This is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks -for destination directories specified by the -<B>cd</B> - -command. -A sample value is -<TT>".:~:/usr"</TT>. - <DT><B>BASH_XTRACEFD</B> <DD> @@ -2322,11 +2378,29 @@ Note that setting to 2 (the standard error file descriptor) and then unsetting it will result in the standard error being closed. +<DT><B>CDPATH</B> + +<DD> +The search path for the +<B>cd</B> + +command. +This is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks +for destination directories specified by the +<B>cd</B> + +command. +A sample value is +<TT>".:~:/usr"</TT>. + <DT><B>COLUMNS</B> <DD> -Used by the <B>select</B> builtin command to determine the terminal width -when printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a SIGWINCH. +Used by the <B>select</B> compound command to determine the terminal width +when printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a +<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGWINCH</B>. + +</FONT> <DT><B>COMPREPLY</B> <DD> @@ -2340,8 +2414,16 @@ If <B>bash</B> finds this variable in the environment when the shell starts with value <TT>t</TT>, -it assumes that the shell is running in an emacs shell buffer and disables +it assumes that the shell is running in an Emacs shell buffer and disables line editing. +<DT><B>ENV</B> + +<DD> +Similar to +<FONT SIZE=-1><B>BASH_ENV</B>; + +</FONT> +used when the shell is invoked in POSIX mode. <DT><B>FCEDIT</B> <DD> @@ -2366,6 +2448,12 @@ is excluded from the list of matched filenames. A sample value is <TT>".o:~"</TT>. +<DT><B>FUNCNEST</B> + +<DD> +If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum function +nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this nesting level +will cause the current command to abort. <DT><B>GLOBIGNORE</B> <DD> @@ -2601,7 +2689,7 @@ This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting. <DT><B>LINES</B> <DD> -Used by the <B>select</B> builtin command to determine the column length +Used by the <B>select</B> compound command to determine the column length for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a <FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGWINCH</B>. @@ -2609,14 +2697,15 @@ for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a <DT><B>MAIL</B> <DD> -If this parameter is set to a file name and the +If this parameter is set to a file or directory name and the <FONT SIZE=-1><B>MAILPATH</B> </FONT> variable is not set, <B>bash</B> -informs the user of the arrival of mail in the specified file. +informs the user of the arrival of mail in the specified file or +Maildir-format directory. <DT><B>MAILCHECK</B> <DD> @@ -2852,8 +2941,8 @@ not arrive. <DT><B>TMPDIR</B> <DD> -If set, <B>Bash</B> uses its value as the name of a directory in which -<B>Bash</B> creates temporary files for the shell's use. +If set, <B>bash</B> uses its value as the name of a directory in which +<B>bash</B> creates temporary files for the shell's use. <DT><B>auto_resume</B> <DD> @@ -2933,9 +3022,14 @@ An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned to using the syntax <I>name</I>[<I>subscript</I>]=<I>value</I>. The <I>subscript</I> -is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number -greater than or equal to zero. To explicitly declare an indexed array, -use +is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number. +If +<I>subscript</I> + +evaluates to a number less than zero, it is used as +an offset from one greater than the array's maximum index (so a subcript +of -1 refers to the last element of the array). +To explicitly declare an indexed array, use <B>declare -a </B><I>name</I> (see @@ -3338,7 +3432,7 @@ a level of variable indirection is introduced. expanded and that value is used in the rest of the substitution, rather than the value of <I>parameter</I> itself. This is known as <I>indirect expansion</I>. -The exceptions to this are the expansions of ${!<I>prefix</I>*} and +The exceptions to this are the expansions of ${<B>!\fPfIprefix</B><B>*</B>} and ${<B>!</B><I>name</I>[<I>@</I>]} described below. The exclamation point must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce indirection. @@ -3407,7 +3501,7 @@ is substituted. <DT>${<I>parameter</I><B>:</B><I>offset</I><B>:</B><I>length</I>}<DD> -<B>Substring Expansion.</B> +<B>Substring Expansion</B>. Expands to up to <I>length</I> characters of <I>parameter</I> starting at the character specified by <I>offset</I>. If <I>length</I> is omitted, expands to the substring of @@ -3417,9 +3511,13 @@ If <I>length</I> is omitted, expands to the substring of </FONT> below). -<I>length</I> must evaluate to a number greater than or equal to zero. If <I>offset</I> evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is used as an offset from the end of the value of <I>parameter</I>. +If <I>length</I> evaluates to a number less than zero, and <I>parameter</I> +is not <B>@</B> and not an indexed or associative array, it is interpreted +as an offset from the end of the value of <I>parameter</I> rather than +a number of characters, and the expansion is the characters between the +two offsets. If <I>parameter</I> is <B>@</B>, the result is <I>length</I> positional parameters beginning at <I>offset</I>. If <I>parameter</I> is an indexed array name subscripted by @ or *, @@ -3439,7 +3537,7 @@ prefixed to the list. <DT>${<B>!</B><I>prefix</I><B>@</B>}<DD> -<B>Names matching prefix.</B> +<B>Names matching prefix</B>. Expands to the names of variables whose names begin with <I>prefix</I>, separated by the first character of the <FONT SIZE=-1><B>IFS</B> @@ -3452,7 +3550,7 @@ variable name expands to a separate word. <DT>${<B>!</B><I>name</I>[<I>*</I>]}<DD> -<B>List of array keys.</B> +<B>List of array keys</B>. If <I>name</I> is an array variable, expands to the list of array indices (keys) assigned in <I>name</I>. If <I>name</I> is not an array, expands to 0 if <I>name</I> is set and null @@ -3460,7 +3558,7 @@ otherwise. When <I>@</I> is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, each key expands to a separate word. <DT>${<B>#</B><I>parameter</I>}<DD> -<B>Parameter length.</B> +<B>Parameter length</B>. The length in characters of the value of <I>parameter</I> is substituted. If <I>parameter</I> @@ -3486,7 +3584,7 @@ the value substituted is the number of elements in the array. <DT>${<I>parameter</I><B>##</B><I>word</I>}<DD> -<B>Remove matching prefix pattern.</B> +<B>Remove matching prefix pattern</B>. The <I>word</I> @@ -3526,7 +3624,7 @@ array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. <DT>${<I>parameter</I><B>%%</B><I>word</I>}<DD> -<B>Remove matching suffix pattern.</B> +<B>Remove matching suffix pattern</B>. The <I>word</I> is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. If the pattern matches a trailing portion of the expanded value of @@ -3560,7 +3658,7 @@ or the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. <DT>${<I>parameter</I><B>/</B><I>pattern</I><B>/</B><I>string</I>}<DD> -<B>Pattern substitution.</B> +<B>Pattern substitution</B>. The <I>pattern</I> is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. <I>Parameter</I> is expanded and the longest match of <I>pattern</I> @@ -3601,7 +3699,7 @@ array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. <DT>${<I>parameter</I><B>,</B><I>pattern</I>}<DD> <DT>${<I>parameter</I><B>,,</B><I>pattern</I>}<DD> -<B>Case modification.</B> +<B>Case modification</B>. This expansion modifies the case of alphabetic characters in <I>parameter</I>. The <I>pattern</I> is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. @@ -3610,7 +3708,7 @@ to uppercase; the <B>,</B> operator converts matching uppercase letters to lowercase. The <B>^^</B> and <B>,,</B> expansions convert each matched character in the expanded value; the <B>^</B> and <B>,</B> expansions match and convert only -the first character in the expanded value.. +the first character in the expanded value. If <I>pattern</I> is omitted, it is treated like a <B>?</B>, which matches every character. If @@ -4003,6 +4101,7 @@ The special pattern characters have the following meanings: <P> +<DL COMPACT><DT><DD> <DL COMPACT> <DT><B>*</B> @@ -4109,6 +4208,8 @@ the syntax <B>[.</B><I>symbol</I><B>.]</B> matches the collating symbol <I>symbol</I>. </DL> +</DL> + <P> @@ -4781,7 +4882,7 @@ during its execution. The special parameter <B>#</B> -is updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 0 +is updated to reflect the change. Special parameter <B>0</B> is unchanged. The first element of the <FONT SIZE=-1><B>FUNCNAME</B> @@ -4831,6 +4932,12 @@ builtin command. Ordinarily, variables and their values are shared between the function and its caller. <P> +The <B>FUNCNEST</B> variable, if set to a numeric value greater +than 0, defines a maximum function nesting level. Function +invocations that exceed the limit cause the entire command to +abort. +<P> + If the builtin command <B>return</B> @@ -4887,8 +4994,10 @@ shell's children. Care should be taken in cases where this may cause a problem. <P> -Functions may be recursive. No limit is imposed on the number -of recursive calls. +Functions may be recursive. +The <B>FUNCNEST</B> variable may be used to limit the depth of the +function call stack and restrict the number of function invocations. +By default, no limit is imposed on the number of recursive calls. <A NAME="lbBV"> </A> <H3>ARITHMETIC EVALUATION</H3> @@ -4992,13 +5101,13 @@ The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the <I>integer</I> attribute using <B>declare -i</B> is assigned a value. A null value evaluates to 0. -A shell variable need not have its integer attribute +A shell variable need not have its <I>integer</I> attribute turned on to be used in an expression. <P> Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers. A leading 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. -Otherwise, numbers take the form [<I>base#</I>]n, where <I>base</I> +Otherwise, numbers take the form [<I>base#</I>]n, where the optional <I>base</I> is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing the arithmetic base, and <I>n</I> is a number in that base. If <I>base#</I> is omitted, then base 10 is used. @@ -5031,8 +5140,9 @@ links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself. <P> -When used with <B>[[</B>, The <B><</B> and <B>></B> operators sort +When used with <B>[[</B>, the <B><</B> and <B>></B> operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. +The <B>test</B> command sorts using ASCII ordering. <P> <DL COMPACT> @@ -5103,10 +5213,6 @@ True if <I>file</I> exists and is writable. <DD> True if <I>file</I> exists and is executable. -<DT><B>-O </B><I>file</I> - -<DD> -True if <I>file</I> exists and is owned by the effective user id. <DT><B>-G </B><I>file</I> <DD> @@ -5115,27 +5221,31 @@ True if <I>file</I> exists and is owned by the effective group id. <DD> True if <I>file</I> exists and is a symbolic link. -<DT><B>-S </B><I>file</I> - -<DD> -True if <I>file</I> exists and is a socket. <DT><B>-N </B><I>file</I> <DD> True if <I>file</I> exists and has been modified since it was last read. +<DT><B>-O </B><I>file</I> + +<DD> +True if <I>file</I> exists and is owned by the effective user id. +<DT><B>-S </B><I>file</I> + +<DD> +True if <I>file</I> exists and is a socket. +<DT><I>file1</I> <B>-ef</B> <I>file2</I><DD> +True if <I>file1</I> and <I>file2</I> refer to the same device and +inode numbers. <DT><I>file1</I> -<B>nt</B> <I>file2</I><DD> True if <I>file1</I> is newer (according to modification date) than <I>file2</I>, or if <I>file1</I> exists and file2 does not. <DT><I>file1</I> -<B>ot</B> <I>file2</I><DD> True if <I>file1</I> is older than <I>file2</I>, or if <I>file2</I> exists and <I>file1</I> does not. -<DT><I>file1</I> <B>-ef</B> <I>file2</I><DD> -True if <I>file1</I> and <I>file2</I> refer to the same device and -inode numbers. <DT><B>-o </B><I>optname</I> <DD> -True if shell option +True if the shell option <I>optname</I> is enabled. @@ -5146,6 +5256,13 @@ option to the <B>set</B> builtin below. +<DT><B>-v </B><I>varname</I> + +<DD> +True if the shell variable +<I>varname</I> + +is set (has been assigned a value). <DT><B>-z </B><I>string</I> <DD> @@ -5411,8 +5528,8 @@ cannot affect the shell's execution environment. <P> Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of -the <B>-e</B> option from the parent shell. When not in posix mode, -Bash clears the <B>-e</B> option in such subshells. +the <B>-e</B> option from the parent shell. When not in <I>posix</I> mode, +<B>bash</B> clears the <B>-e</B> option in such subshells. <P> If a command is followed by a <B>&</B> and job control is not active, the @@ -6077,7 +6194,7 @@ shell, unless the option is given at shell invocation. Line editing is also used when using the <B>-e</B> option to the <B>read</B> builtin. -By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of emacs. +By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs. A vi-style line editing interface is also available. Line editing can be enabled at any time using the <B>-o emacs</B> @@ -6108,7 +6225,7 @@ builtin. <P> -In this section, the emacs-style notation is used to denote +In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote keystrokes. Control keys are denoted by C-<I>key</I>, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Similarly, <I>meta</I> @@ -6536,7 +6653,7 @@ mapped to <B>self-insert</B>. <DD> Controls whether readline begins with a set of key bindings similar -to <I>emacs</I> or <I>vi</I>. +to <I>Emacs</I> or <I>vi</I>. <B>editing-mode</B> can be set to either @@ -6566,12 +6683,12 @@ the meta key is used to send eight-bit characters. <DT><B>expand-tilde (Off)</B> <DD> -If set to <B>on</B>, tilde expansion is performed when readline +If set to <B>On</B>, tilde expansion is performed when readline attempts word completion. <DT><B>history-preserve-point (Off)</B> <DD> -If set to <B>on</B>, the history code attempts to place point at the +If set to <B>On</B>, the history code attempts to place point at the same location on each history line retrieved with <B>previous-history</B> or <B>next-history</B>. <DT><B>history-size (0)</B> @@ -6638,8 +6755,15 @@ have a slash appended (subject to the value of <DD> This variable, when set to <B>On</B>, causes readline to match files whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing filename -completion, unless the leading `.' is +completion. +If set to <B>Off</B>, the leading `.' must be supplied by the user in the filename to be completed. +<DT><B>menu-complete-display-prefix (Off)</B> + +<DD> +If set to <B>On</B>, menu completion displays the common prefix of the +list of possible completions (which may be empty) before cycling through +the list. <DT><B>output-meta (Off)</B> <DD> @@ -6659,7 +6783,7 @@ sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the screen. <DT><B>revert-all-at-newline (Off)</B> <DD> -If set to <B>on</B>, readline will undo all changes to history lines +If set to <B>On</B>, readline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when <B>accept-line</B> is executed. By default, history lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists across calls to <B>readline</B>. @@ -6668,7 +6792,7 @@ calls to <B>readline</B>. <DD> This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. If set to -<B>on</B>, +<B>On</B>, words which have more than one possible completion cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. @@ -6678,7 +6802,7 @@ matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in a fashion similar to <B>show-all-if-ambiguous</B>. If set to -<B>on</B>, +<B>On</B>, words which have more than one possible completion without any possible partial completion (the possible completions don't share @@ -6752,7 +6876,7 @@ library sets the <I>application name</I>, and an initialization file can test for a particular value. This could be used to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific program. For instance, the following command adds a -key sequence that quotes the current or previous word in Bash: +key sequence that quotes the current or previous word in <B>bash</B>: <P> <DL COMPACT><DT><DD> <PRE> @@ -6990,10 +7114,14 @@ as if the "!<I>n</I>" history expansion had been specified. <DD> Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word of -the previous history entry). With an argument, -behave exactly like <B>yank-nth-arg</B>. +the previous history entry). +With a numeric argument, behave exactly like <B>yank-nth-arg</B>. Successive calls to <B>yank-last-arg</B> move back through the history -list, inserting the last argument of each line in turn. +list, inserting the last word (or the word specified by the argument to +the first call) of each line in turn. +Any numeric argument supplied to these successive calls determines +the direction to move through the history. A negative argument switches +the direction through the history (back or forward). The history expansion facilities are used to extract the last argument, as if the "!$" history expansion had been specified. <DT><B>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</B> @@ -7315,7 +7443,7 @@ of matches; a negative argument may be used to move backward through the list. This command is intended to be bound to <B>TAB</B>, but is unbound by default. -<DT><B>menu-complete-rd</B> +<DT><B>menu-complete-backward</B> <DD> Identical to <B>menu-complete</B>, but moves backward through the list @@ -7497,7 +7625,7 @@ character. A negative count searches for previous occurrences. <DD> A character is read and point is moved to the previous occurrence of that character. A negative count searches for subsequent occurrences. -<DT><B>skip-csi-sequence ()</B> +<DT><B>skip-csi-sequence</B> <DD> Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as those @@ -7600,7 +7728,7 @@ If the command word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash. -If those searches to not result in a compspec, any compspec defined with +If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined with the <B>-D</B> option to <B>complete</B> is used as the default. <P> @@ -7772,7 +7900,7 @@ exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and changes the compspec associated with the command on which completion is being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is executed), programmable completion restarts from the beginning, with an -attempt to find a compspec for that command. This allows a set of +attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once. <P> @@ -8079,6 +8207,8 @@ writing the history file. An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the history list. +Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to the current +position in the history list. <P> @@ -8101,7 +8231,7 @@ Refer to command line <DT><B>!-</B><I>n</I> <DD> -Refer to the current command line minus +Refer to the current command minus <I>n</I>. <DT><B>!!</B> @@ -8111,13 +8241,15 @@ Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for `!-1'. <DT><B>!</B><I>string</I> <DD> -Refer to the most recent command starting with +Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position in the +history list starting with <I>string</I>. <DT><B>!?</B><I>string</I><B>[?]</B> <DD> -Refer to the most recent command containing +Refer to the most recent command preceding the current postition in the +history list containing <I>string</I>. The trailing <B>?</B> may be omitted if @@ -8127,7 +8259,7 @@ is followed immediately by a newline. <DT><B></B><FONT SIZE=+2><B>^</B></FONT><B></B><I>string1</I><FONT SIZE=+2>^</FONT><I>string2</I><FONT SIZE=+2>^</FONT> <DD> -Quick substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing +Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing <I>string1</I> with @@ -8596,7 +8728,7 @@ The return status is false if is not a shell builtin command. <DT><B>caller</B> [<I>expr</I>]<DD> Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell function or -a script executed with the <B>.</B> or <B>source</B> builtins. +a script executed with the <B>.</B> or <B>source</B> builtins). Without <I>expr</I>, <B>caller</B> displays the line number and source filename of the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is supplied as <I>expr</I>, <B>caller</B> @@ -8607,7 +8739,7 @@ current frame is frame 0. The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a subroutine call or <I>expr</I> does not correspond to a valid position in the call stack. -<DT><B>cd</B> [<B>-L|-P</B>] [<I>dir</I>]<DD> +<DT><B>cd</B> [<B>-L</B>|[<B>-P</B> [<B>-e</B>]]] [<I>dir</I>]<DD> Change the current directory to <I>dir</I>. The variable <FONT SIZE=-1><B>HOME</B> @@ -8652,7 +8784,17 @@ option to the builtin command); the <B>-L</B> -option forces symbolic links to be followed. An argument of +option forces symbolic links to be followed. +If the +<B>-e</B> + +option is supplied with +<B>-P</B>, + +and the current working directory cannot be successfully determined +after a successful directory change, <B>cd</B> will return an unsuccessful +status. +An argument of <B>-</B> is equivalent to @@ -8931,17 +9073,6 @@ User names. May also be specified as <B>-u</B>. Names of all shell variables. May also be specified as <B>-v</B>. </DL></DL> -<DT><B>-G</B> <I>globpat</I><DD> -The pathname expansion pattern <I>globpat</I> is expanded to generate -the possible completions. -<DT><B>-W</B> <I>wordlist</I><DD> -The <I>wordlist</I> is split using the characters in the -<FONT SIZE=-1><B>IFS</B> - -</FONT> -special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word is expanded. -The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which -match the word being completed. <DT><B>-C</B> <I>command</I><DD> <I>command</I> is executed in a subshell environment, and its output is used as the possible completions. @@ -8954,6 +9085,23 @@ of the </FONT> array variable. +<DT><B>-G</B> <I>globpat</I><DD> +The pathname expansion pattern <I>globpat</I> is expanded to generate +the possible completions. +<DT><B>-P</B> <I>prefix</I><DD> +<I>prefix</I> is added at the beginning of each possible completion +after all other options have been applied. +<DT><B>-S</B> <I>suffix</I><DD> +<I>suffix</I> is appended to each possible completion +after all other options have been applied. +<DT><B>-W</B> <I>wordlist</I><DD> +The <I>wordlist</I> is split using the characters in the +<FONT SIZE=-1><B>IFS</B> + +</FONT> +special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word is expanded. +The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which +match the word being completed. <DT><B>-X</B> <I>filterpat</I><DD> <I>filterpat</I> is a pattern as used for pathname expansion. It is applied to the list of possible completions generated by the @@ -8961,12 +9109,6 @@ preceding options and arguments, and each completion matching <I>filterpat</I> is removed from the list. A leading <B>!</B> in <I>filterpat</I> negates the pattern; in this case, any completion not matching <I>filterpat</I> is removed. -<DT><B>-P</B> <I>prefix</I><DD> -<I>prefix</I> is added at the beginning of each possible completion -after all other options have been applied. -<DT><B>-S</B> <I>suffix</I><DD> -<I>suffix</I> is appended to each possible completion -after all other options have been applied. </DL> <P> @@ -8981,7 +9123,7 @@ an error occurs adding a completion specification. <DT><B>compopt</B> [<B>-o</B> <I>option</I>] [<B>-DE</B>] [<B>+o</B> <I>option</I>] [<I>name</I>]<DD> Modify completion options for each <I>name</I> according to the <I>option</I>s, or for the -currently-execution completion if no <I>name</I>s are supplied. +currently-executing completion if no <I>name</I>s are supplied. If no <I>option</I>s are given, display the completion options for each <I>name</I> or the current completion. The possible values of <I>option</I> are those valid for the <B>complete</B> @@ -8992,13 +9134,10 @@ on a command for which no completion has previously been defined. The <B>-E</B> option indicates that the remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line. -</DL> <P> - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the options for a <I>name</I> for which no completion specification exists, or an output error occurs. -<DL COMPACT> <DT><B>continue</B> [<I>n</I>]<DD> Resume the next iteration of the enclosing <B>for</B>, @@ -9023,9 +9162,9 @@ must be >= 1. If is greater than the number of enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless <I>n</I> is not greater than or equal to 1. -<DT><B>declare</B> [<B>-aAfFilrtux</B>] [<B>-p</B>] [<I>name</I>[=<I>value</I>] ...]<DD> +<DT><B>declare</B> [<B>-aAfFgilrtux</B>] [<B>-p</B>] [<I>name</I>[=<I>value</I>] ...]<DD> -<DT><B>typeset</B> [<B>-aAfFilrtux</B>] [<B>-p</B>] [<I>name</I>[=<I>value</I>] ...]<DD> +<DT><B>typeset</B> [<B>-aAfFgilrtux</B>] [<B>-p</B>] [<I>name</I>[=<I>value</I>] ...]<DD> Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no <I>name</I>s are given then display the values of variables. @@ -9061,6 +9200,12 @@ are displayed as well. The option implies <B>-f</B>. +The +<B>-g</B> + +option forces variables to be created or modified at the global scope, +even when <B>declare</B> is executed in a shell function. +It is ignored in all other cases. The following options can be used to restrict output to variables with the specified attribute or to give variables attributes: @@ -9130,13 +9275,13 @@ turns off the attribute instead, with the exceptions that <B>+a</B> may not be used to destroy an array variable and <B>+r</B> will not remove the readonly attribute. -When used in a function, -makes each +When used in a function, makes each <I>name</I> local, as with the <B>local</B> -command. -If a variable name is followed by =<I>value</I>, the value of +command, +unless the <B>-gP option is supplied, +If a variable name is followed by =</B><I>value</I>, the value of the variable is set to <I>value</I>. The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an attempt is made to define a function using @@ -9153,7 +9298,7 @@ an attempt is made to turn off array status for an array variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-existent function with <B>-f</B>. </DL> -<DT><B>dirs [+</B><I>n</I>] [-<I>n</I>] [<B>-cplv</B>] +<DT><B>dirs [+</B><I>n</I>] [-<I>n</I>] [<B>-clpv</B>] <DD> Without options, displays the list of currently remembered directories. @@ -9293,6 +9438,9 @@ suppress further output <DT><B>\e</B> <DD> +<DT><B>\E</B> + +<DD> an escape character <DT><B>\f</B> @@ -9328,6 +9476,16 @@ the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value <I>nnn</I> <DD> the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value <I>HH</I> (one or two hex digits) +<DT><B>\u</B><I>HHHH</I> + +<DD> +the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value +<I>HHHH</I> (one to four hex digits) +<DT><B>\U</B><I>HHHHHHHH</I> + +<DD> +the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value +<I>HHHHHHHH</I> (one to eight hex digits) </DL></DL> @@ -9680,7 +9838,7 @@ return value greater than zero. </FONT> is set to the index of the first non-option argument, -and <B>name</B> is set to ?. +and <I>name</I> is set to ?. <P> <B>getopts</B> @@ -9763,14 +9921,15 @@ returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or an error occurs. <DT><B>hash</B> [<B>-lr</B>] [<B>-p</B> <I>filename</I>] [<B>-dt</B>] [<I>name</I>]<DD> -For each -<I>name</I>, +Each time <B>hash</B> is invoked, +the full pathname of the command +<I>name</I> -the full file name of the command is determined by searching +is determined by searching the directories in <B>$PATH</B> -and remembered. +and remembered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the <B>-p</B> @@ -9954,16 +10113,16 @@ meanings: <DD> List process IDs in addition to the normal information. -<DT><B>-p</B> - -<DD> -List only the process ID of the job's process group -leader. <DT><B>-n</B> <DD> Display information only about jobs that have changed status since the user was last notified of their status. +<DT><B>-p</B> + +<DD> +List only the process ID of the job's process group +leader. <DT><B>-r</B> <DD> @@ -10196,7 +10355,8 @@ is specified without the default quantum is 5000. When <I>callback</I> is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next -array element to be assigned as an additional argument. +array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that element +as additional arguments. <I>callback</I> is evaluated after the line is read but before the array element is assigned. <P> @@ -10270,27 +10430,57 @@ directory change fails. <DT><B>printf</B> [<B>-v</B> <I>var</I>] <I>format</I> [<I>arguments</I>]<DD> Write the formatted <I>arguments</I> to the standard output under the control of the <I>format</I>. +The <B>-v</B> option causes the output to be assigned to the variable +<I>var</I> rather than being printed to the standard output. +<P> The <I>format</I> is a character string which contains three types of objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard output, character escape sequences, which are converted and copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next successive <I>argument</I>. -In addition to the standard <I>printf</I>(1) formats, <B>%b</B> causes +In addition to the standard <I>printf</I>(1) format specifications, +<B>printf</B> interprets the following extensions: +<DL COMPACT><DT><DD> + +<DL COMPACT> +<DT><B>%b</B> + +<DD> +causes <B>printf</B> to expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding <I>argument</I> (except that <B>\c</B> terminates output, backslashes in <B>\aq</B>, <B>\"</B>, and <B>\?</B> are not removed, and octal escapes -beginning with <B>\0</B> may contain up to four digits), -and <B>%q</B> causes <B>printf</B> to output the corresponding +beginning with <B>\0</B> may contain up to four digits). +<DT><B>%q</B> + +<DD> +causes <B>printf</B> to output the corresponding <I>argument</I> in a format that can be reused as shell input. +<DT><B>%(</B><I>datefmt</I>)T + +<DD> +causes <B>printf</B> to output the date-time string resulting from using +<I>datefmt</I> as a format string for <I>strftime</I>(3). The corresponding +<I>argument</I> is an integer representing the number of seconds since the +epoch. Two special argument values may be used: -1 represents the current +time, and -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. + +</DL> <P> -The <B>-v</B> option causes the output to be assigned to the variable -<I>var</I> rather than being printed to the standard output. + +Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C constants, +except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and if the leading +character is a single or double quote, the value is the ASCII value of +the following character. <P> + The <I>format</I> is reused as necessary to consume all of the <I>arguments</I>. If the <I>format</I> requires more <I>arguments</I> than are supplied, the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or null string, as -appropriate, had been supplied. The return value is zero on success, -non-zero on failure. +appropriate, had been supplied. +The return value is zero on success, non-zero on failure. +</DL> + <DT><B>pushd</B> [<B>-n</B>] [+<I>n</I>] [-<I>n</I>]<DD> <DT><B>pushd</B> [<B>-n</B>] [<I>dir</I>]<DD> @@ -10572,9 +10762,9 @@ function and not during execution of a script by <B>.</B>, the return status is false. Any command associated with the <B>RETURN</B> trap is executed before execution resumes after the function or script. -<DT><B>set</B> [<B>--abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT</B>] [<B>-o</B> <I>option</I>] [<I>arg</I> ...]<DD> +<DT><B>set</B> [<B>--abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT</B>] [<B>-o</B> <I>option-name</I>] [<I>arg</I> ...]<DD> -<DT><B>set</B> [<B>+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT</B>] [<B>+o</B> <I>option</I>] [<I>arg</I> ...]<DD> +<DT><B>set</B> [<B>+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT</B>] [<B>+o</B> <I>option-name</I>] [<I>arg</I> ...]<DD> Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are displayed in a format that can be reused as input @@ -11212,7 +11402,7 @@ If set, <B>bash</B> changes its behavior to that of version 3.1 with respect to quoted -arguments to the conditional command's =~ operator. +arguments to the <B>[[</B> conditional command's <B>=~</B> operator. <DT><B>compat32</B> <DD> @@ -11220,7 +11410,15 @@ If set, <B>bash</B> changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 with respect to locale-specific -string comparison when using the conditional command's < and > operators. +string comparison when using the <B>[[</B> +conditional command's <B><</B> and <B>></B> operators. +Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and +<I>strcmp</I>(3); + +bash-4.1 and later +use the current locale's collation sequence and +<I>strcoll</I>(3). + <DT><B>compat40</B> <DD> @@ -11228,8 +11426,21 @@ If set, <B>bash</B> changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 with respect to locale-specific -string comparison when using the conditional command's < and > operators +string comparison when using the <B>[[</B> +conditional command's <B><</B> and <B>></B> operators (see previous item) and the effect of interrupting a command list. +<DT><B>compat41</B> + +<DD> +@item compat41 +If set, +<B>bash</B>, + +when in posix mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted +parameter expansion as a special character. The single quotes must match +(an even number) and the characters between the single quotes are considered +quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode through version 4.1. +The default bash behavior remains as in previous versions. <DT><B>dirspell</B> <DD> @@ -11311,7 +11522,7 @@ subshells invoked with <B>(</B> <I>command</I> <B>)</B> inherit the <DD> Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and subshells invoked with <B>(</B> <I>command</I> <B>)</B> inherit the -<B>ERROR</B> trap. +<B>ERR</B> trap. </DL></DL> <DT><B>extglob</B> @@ -11421,6 +11632,11 @@ line to be ignored in an interactive shell (see </FONT> above). This option is enabled by default. +<DT><B>lastpipe</B> + +<DD> +If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs the last command of +a pipeline not executed in the background in the current shell environment. <DT><B>lithist</B> <DD> @@ -11575,6 +11791,7 @@ an argument of <B>--</B> as signifying the end of options. Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation depends on the number of arguments; see below. +Operator precedence is used when there are five or more arguments. <DL COMPACT><DT><DD> <DL COMPACT> @@ -11633,6 +11850,7 @@ the expression is true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is false. <DT>3 arguments<DD> +The following conditions are applied in the order listed. If the second argument is one of the binary conditional operators listed above under <FONT SIZE=-1><B>CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS</B>, @@ -11656,7 +11874,15 @@ precedence using the rules listed above. <DT>5 or more arguments<DD> The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the rules listed above. -</DL></DL> +<P> + + +</DL> +<P> + +When used with <B>test</B> or <B>[</B>, the <B><</B> and <B>></B> operators +sort lexicographically using ASCII ordering. +</DL> <DT><B>times</B> @@ -11715,7 +11941,11 @@ Each is either a signal name defined in <<I>signal.h</I>>, or a signal number. -Signal names are case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. +Signal names are case insensitive and the +<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIG</B> + +</FONT> +prefix is optional. <P> @@ -11759,8 +11989,8 @@ is the command <I>arg</I> -is executed each time a shell function or a script executed with the -<B>.</B> or <B>source</B> builtins finishes executing. +is executed each time a shell function or a script executed with +the <B>.</B> or <B>source</B> builtins finishes executing. <P> @@ -12018,7 +12248,8 @@ The maximum number of processes available to a single user <DT><B>-v</B> <DD> -The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell +The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell and, on +some systems, to its children <DT><B>-x</B> <DD> @@ -12232,7 +12463,7 @@ as an argument to the builtin command <DT>*<DD> -Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the +specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the <B>-p</B> option to the @@ -12266,7 +12497,7 @@ options to the builtin command <DT>*<DD> -Using the <B>enable</B> builtin command to enable disabled shell builtins +using the <B>enable</B> builtin command to enable disabled shell builtins <DT>*<DD> specifying the <B>-p</B> @@ -12375,7 +12606,7 @@ version of <B>bash</B>. The latest version is always available from -<I><A HREF="ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/bash/">ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/bash/</A></I>. +<I><A HREF="ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/">ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/</A></I>. <P> Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the @@ -12460,7 +12691,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time. <HR> <TABLE WIDTH=100%> <TR> -<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash-4.1<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2009 December 29<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1) +<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash-4.2<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2010 December 28<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1) </TR> </TABLE> <HR> @@ -12566,6 +12797,6 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time. </DL> <HR> This document was created by man2html from bash.1.<BR> -Time: 30 December 2009 13:07:38 EST +Time: 28 December 2010 14:30:29 EST </BODY> </HTML> diff --git a/doc/bash.pdf b/doc/bash.pdf Binary files differindex cb36c5e..5bcb0c5 100644 --- a/doc/bash.pdf +++ b/doc/bash.pdf diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps index 8b4d573..fb9aa8c 100644 --- a/doc/bash.ps +++ b/doc/bash.ps @@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.19.2 -%%CreationDate: Wed Dec 30 13:07:37 2009 +%%CreationDate: Fri Jan 28 22:07:07 2011 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Courier %%+ font Symbol %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.19 2 -%%Pages: 70 +%%Pages: 72 %%PageOrder: Ascend %%DocumentMedia: Default 595 842 0 () () %%Orientation: Portrait @@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ BP (bash \255 GNU Bourne-Ag)108 96 Q(ain SHell)-.05 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)108 124.8 Q F0([options] [\214le])2.5 E F1 (COPYRIGHT)72 141.6 Q F0(Bash is Cop)108 153.6 Q -(yright \251 1989-2009 by the Free Softw)-.1 E(are F)-.1 E +(yright \251 1989-2011 by the Free Softw)-.1 E(are F)-.1 E (oundation, Inc.)-.15 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 170.4 Q F2(Bash)108 182.4 Q F0 .973(is an)3.474 F F2(sh)3.473 E F0 .973 (-compatible command language interpreter that e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G .973 @@ -250,76 +250,75 @@ Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)108 124.8 Q F0([options] [\214le])2.5 E F1 ell and Utilities portion of the IEEE POSIX)3.027 F (speci\214cation \(IEEE Standard 1003.1\).)108 223.2 Q F2(Bash)5 E F0 (can be con\214gured to be POSIX-conformant by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(OPTIONS)72 240 Q F0 .52(In addition to the single-character shell opti\ -ons documented in the description of the)108 252 R F2(set)3.02 E F0 -.2 -(bu)3.02 G .52(iltin command,).2 F F2(bash)108 264 Q F0 -(interprets the follo)2.5 E(wing options when it is in)-.25 E -.2(vo)-.4 -G -.1(ke).2 G(d:).1 E F2<ad63>108 280.8 Q F3(string)4.166 E F0 .796 -(If the)12.354 F F2<ad63>3.296 E F0 .796 -(option is present, then commands are read from)3.296 F F3(string)3.296 -E F0 5.796(.I).22 G 3.297(ft)-5.796 G .797(here are ar)-3.297 F .797 -(guments after)-.18 F(the)158 292.8 Q F3(string)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t).22 G +(OPTIONS)72 240 Q F0 .61(All of the)108 252 R .61 +(single-character shell options documented in the description of the) +5.61 F F2(set)3.11 E F0 -.2(bu)3.11 G .61(iltin command can be).2 F +1.284(used as options when the shell is in)108 264 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 3.785(d. 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If)-.25 F F3(shopt_option)3.253 E F0 .753 +([\255+]O [)108 424.8 Q F3(shopt_option)A F2(])A F3(shopt_option)158 +436.8 Q F0 1.097(is one of the shell options accepted by the)3.596 F F2 +(shopt)3.597 E F0 -.2(bu)3.597 G 1.097(iltin \(see).2 F F4 1.097 +(SHELL B)3.597 F(UIL)-.09 E(TIN)-.828 E(COMMANDS)158 448.8 Q F0(belo) +3.003 E 3.253(w\). If)-.25 F F3(shopt_option)3.253 E F0 .753 (is present,)3.253 F F2<ad4f>3.253 E F0 .753(sets the v)3.253 F .753 -(alue of that option;)-.25 F F2(+O)3.253 E F0(unsets)3.253 E 2.625 -(it. If)158 448.8 R F3(shopt_option)2.625 E F0 .125 -(is not supplied, the names and v)2.625 F .124 -(alues of the shell options accepted by)-.25 F F2(shopt)2.624 E F0 .505 -(are printed on the standard output.)158 460.8 R .505(If the in)5.505 F --.2(vo)-.4 G .505(cation option is).2 F F2(+O)3.005 E F0 3.005(,t)C .506 +(alue of that option;)-.25 F F2(+O)3.252 E F0(unsets)3.252 E 2.624 +(it. 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An)-.18 F(ar)2.5 E (gument of)-.18 E F2<ad>2.5 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to) -.25 E F2<adad>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(Bash)108 513.6 Q F0 .303 -(also interprets a number of multi-character options.)2.803 F .304 +.25 E F2<adad>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(Bash)108 525.6 Q F0 .304 +(also interprets a number of multi-character options.)2.804 F .303 (These options must appear on the command line)5.303 F -(before the single-character options to be recognized.)108 525.6 Q F2 -<adad646562>108 542.4 Q(ugger)-.2 E F0 .475(Arrange for the deb)144 -554.4 R .475(ugger pro\214le to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .475 -(cuted before the shell starts.).15 F -.45(Tu)5.474 G .474(rns on e).45 -F .474(xtended deb)-.15 F(ug-)-.2 E .452 -(ging mode \(see the description of the)144 566.4 R F2(extdeb)2.952 E -(ug)-.2 E F0 .452(option to the)2.952 F F2(shopt)2.952 E F0 -.2(bu)2.952 -G .452(iltin belo).2 F .452(w\) and shell func-)-.25 F -(tion tracing \(see the description of the)144 578.4 Q F2 -(\255o functrace)2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F2(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 -G(iltin belo).2 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(\255\255dump\255po\255strings)108 590.4 -Q F0(Equi)144 602.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2<ad44>2.5 E F0 2.5 -(,b)C(ut the output is in the GNU)-2.7 E F3 -.1(ge)2.5 G(tte).1 E(xt)-.2 -E F2(po)2.5 E F0(\(portable object\) \214le format.)2.5 E F2 +(before the single-character options to be recognized.)108 537.6 Q F2 +<adad646562>108 554.4 Q(ugger)-.2 E F0 .474(Arrange for the deb)144 +566.4 R .474(ugger pro\214le to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .475 +(cuted before the shell starts.).15 F -.45(Tu)5.475 G .475(rns on e).45 +F .475(xtended deb)-.15 F(ug-)-.2 E +(ging mode \(see the description of the)144 578.4 Q F2(extdeb)2.5 E(ug) +-.2 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin belo) +.2 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(\255\255dump\255po\255strings)108 590.4 Q F0(Equi) +144 602.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2<ad44>2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C +(ut the output is in the GNU)-2.7 E F3 -.1(ge)2.5 G(tte).1 E(xt)-.2 E F2 +(po)2.5 E F0(\(portable object\) \214le format.)2.5 E F2 (\255\255dump\255strings)108 614.4 Q F0(Equi)144 626.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G (lent to).25 E F2<ad44>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(\255\255help)108 638.4 Q F0 (Display a usage message on standard output and e)6.26 E @@ -331,7 +330,7 @@ E F2(po)2.5 E F0(\(portable object\) \214le format.)2.5 E F2 144 686.4 Q .3 -.15(ve \()-.25 H(see).15 E F4(INV)2.5 E(OCA)-.405 E (TION)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(\255\255login)108 703.2 Q F0 (Equi)144 715.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2<ad6c>2.5 E F0(.)A -(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(1)190.955 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(1)190.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 2 2 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -452,8 +451,8 @@ F(ariable)-.25 E F3 -.27(BA)108 679.2 S(SH_ENV).27 E F0 1.01(in the en) (if [ \255n "$BASH_ENV" ]; then . "$BASH_ENV"; fi)144 709.2 Q F0 -.2(bu) 108 727.2 S 2.5(tt).2 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of the)-.25 E F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G (TH)-.189 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G -(riable is not used to search for the \214le name.).25 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 -768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(2)190.955 E 0 Cg EP +(riable is not used to search for the \214le name.).25 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 +768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(2)190.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 3 3 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -502,23 +501,24 @@ E F0 .226(mode, as with the)3.256 F F1(\255\255posix)2.726 E F0 .226 F3(ENV)2.841 E F0 -.25(va)2.591 G .342(riable and commands are read and) .25 F -.15(exe)108 220.8 S(cuted from the \214le whose name is the e).15 E(xpanded v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. No)-.25 F(other startup \214les are read.) -2.5 E F1(Bash)108 237.6 Q F0 .644(attempts to determine when it is bein\ -g run with its standard input connected to a a netw)3.144 F .643 -(ork connec-)-.1 F .229(tion, as if by the remote shell daemon, usually) -108 249.6 R F2 -.1(rs)2.729 G(hd).1 E F0 2.729(,o)C 2.73(rt)-2.729 G .23 -(he secure shell daemon)-2.73 F F2(sshd)2.73 E F0 5.23(.I)C(f)-5.23 E F1 -(bash)2.73 E F0 .23(determines it)2.73 F .741(is being run in this f)108 -261.6 R .741(ashion, it reads and e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .741 -(cutes commands from).15 F F2(~/.bashr)3.241 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.241(,i)C -3.241(ft)-3.241 G .741(hat \214le e)-3.241 F .741(xists and is read-) --.15 F 2.97(able. It)108 273.6 R .47(will not do this if in)2.97 F -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.97(da).1 G(s)-2.97 E F1(sh)2.97 E F0 5.47(.T)C -(he)-5.47 E F1<adad6e6f72>2.97 E(c)-.18 E F0 .47 -(option may be used to inhibit this beha)2.97 F(vior)-.2 E 2.97(,a)-.4 G -.47(nd the)-2.97 F F1<adad72>108 285.6 Q(c\214le)-.18 E F0 .886 -(option may be used to force another \214le to be read, b)3.387 F(ut)-.2 -E F2 -.1(rs)3.386 G(hd).1 E F0 .886(does not generally in)3.386 F -.2 -(vo)-.4 G 1.086 -.1(ke t).2 H .886(he shell).1 F +2.5 E F1(Bash)108 237.6 Q F0 .224(attempts to determine when it is bein\ +g run with its standard input connected to a netw)2.724 F .223 +(ork connection,)-.1 F .025(as when e)108 249.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .025 +(cuted by the remote shell daemon, usually).15 F F2 -.1(rs)2.525 G(hd).1 +E F0 2.525(,o)C 2.525(rt)-2.525 G .025(he secure shell daemon)-2.525 F +F2(sshd)2.525 E F0 5.025(.I)C(f)-5.025 E F1(bash)2.525 E F0(deter)2.525 +E(-)-.2 E .134(mines it is being run in this f)108 261.6 R .134 +(ashion, it reads and e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .133(cutes commands from) +.15 F F2(~/.bashr)2.633 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.633(,i)C 2.633(ft)-2.633 G .133 +(hat \214le e)-2.633 F .133(xists and is)-.15 F 2.869(readable. It)108 +273.6 R .369(will not do this if in)2.869 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +2.869(da).1 G(s)-2.869 E F1(sh)2.869 E F0 5.369(.T)C(he)-5.369 E F1 +<adad6e6f72>2.869 E(c)-.18 E F0 .369 +(option may be used to inhibit this beha)2.869 F(vior)-.2 E 2.869(,a)-.4 +G(nd)-2.869 E(the)108 285.6 Q F1<adad72>2.606 E(c\214le)-.18 E F0 .106 +(option may be used to force another \214le to be read, b)2.606 F(ut)-.2 +E F2 -.1(rs)2.606 G(hd).1 E F0 .106(does not generally in)2.606 F -.2 +(vo)-.4 G .306 -.1(ke t).2 H .106(he shell).1 F (with those options or allo)108 297.6 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G (hem to be speci\214ed.)-2.5 E 1.207 (If the shell is started with the ef)108 314.4 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.507 -.15 @@ -551,16 +551,16 @@ E F1(identi\214er)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(metacharacter)108 451.2 Q F0 2.5(Ac) (ords. One)-.1 F(of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F1 5(|&;\(\)<>s)144 475.2 S 2.5(pace tab)-5 F(contr)108 487.2 Q(ol operator)-.18 E F0(A)144 499.2 Q F2(tok)2.5 E(en)-.1 E F0(that performs a control function.)2.5 E -(It is one of the follo)5 E(wing symbols:)-.25 E/F6 10/Symbol SF<efef> -144 511.2 Q F1 5(&&)5 G 5(&;;)-5 G 5(;\(\)||)-5 G 10(&<)-5 G(newline>) --10 E F5(RESER)72 528 Q(VED W)-.602 E(ORDS)-.11 E F2 .307(Reserved wor) -108 540 R(ds)-.37 E F0 .307(are w)2.807 F .307(ords that ha)-.1 F .607 --.15(ve a s)-.2 H .306(pecial meaning to the shell.).15 F .306 -(The follo)5.306 F .306(wing w)-.25 F .306(ords are recognized as)-.1 F -(reserv)108 552 Q .227(ed when unquoted and either the \214rst w)-.15 F -.227(ord of a simple command \(see)-.1 F F3 .227(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.727 F -F0(belo)2.477 E .227(w\) or)-.25 F(the third w)108 564 Q(ord of a)-.1 E -F1(case)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G(r).25 E F0(command:)2.5 E F1 +(It is one of the follo)5 E(wing symbols:)-.25 E F1 2.5 +(|| & && ; ;; \( \) | |&)144 511.2 R(<newline>)10 E F5(RESER)72 528 Q +(VED W)-.602 E(ORDS)-.11 E F2 .307(Reserved wor)108 540 R(ds)-.37 E F0 +.307(are w)2.807 F .307(ords that ha)-.1 F .607 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H .306 +(pecial meaning to the shell.).15 F .306(The follo)5.306 F .306(wing w) +-.25 F .306(ords are recognized as)-.1 F(reserv)108 552 Q .227 +(ed when unquoted and either the \214rst w)-.15 F .227 +(ord of a simple command \(see)-.1 F F3 .227(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.727 F F0 +(belo)2.477 E .227(w\) or)-.25 F(the third w)108 564 Q(ord of a)-.1 E F1 +(case)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G(r).25 E F0(command:)2.5 E F1 11.916(!c)144 580.8 S 9.416(ase do done elif else esac \214 f)-11.916 F 9.415(or function if in select then until)-.25 F 7.5 (while { } time [[ ]])144 592.8 R F5(SHELL GRAMMAR)72 609.6 Q F1 @@ -580,8 +580,8 @@ F .175(xit status, or 128+)-.15 F F2(n)A F0 .176 F1(Pipelines)87 691.2 Q F0(A)108 703.2 Q F2(pipeline)2.996 E F0 .496(is\ a sequence of one or more commands separated by one of the control ope\ rators)2.996 F F1(|)2.996 E F0(or)2.996 E F1(|&)2.996 E F0 5.496(.T)C -(he)-5.496 E(format for a pipeline is:)108 715.2 Q(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q -(2009 December 29)135.965 E(3)190.955 E 0 Cg EP +(he)-5.496 E(format for a pipeline is:)108 715.2 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(3)190.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 4 4 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -622,5820 +622,5948 @@ G 5.55(.T).15 G .55(he shell w)-5.55 F .55(aits for)-.1 F ell as user and system time consumed by its)-.1 F -.15(exe)108 242.4 S .14(cution are reported when the pipeline terminates.).15 F(The)5.139 E F1<ad70>2.639 E F0 .139(option changes the output format to that spec-) -2.639 F .779(i\214ed by POSIX.)108 254.4 R(The)5.779 E F4(TIMEFORMA) -3.279 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)3.029 G .779 -(riable may be set to a format string that speci\214es ho).25 F 3.28(wt) --.25 G .78(he timing)-3.28 F -(information should be displayed; see the description of)108 266.4 Q F4 -(TIMEFORMA)2.5 E(T)-.855 E F0(under)2.25 E F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables) --.92 E F0(belo)2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G(Each command in a pipeline is e)108 -283.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.639 F .302(i\214ed by POSIX.)108 254.4 R .303(When the shell is in) +5.302 F F2 .303(posix mode)2.803 F F0 2.803(,i)C 2.803(td)-2.803 G .303 +(oes not recognize)-2.803 F F1(time)2.803 E F0 .303(as a reserv)2.803 F +.303(ed w)-.15 F .303(ord if the ne)-.1 F(xt)-.15 E(tok)108 266.4 Q .736 +(en be)-.1 F .736(gins with a `-'.)-.15 F(The)5.736 E F4(TIMEFORMA)3.236 +E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.986 G .736 +(riable may be set to a format string that speci\214es ho).25 F 3.235 +(wt)-.25 G(he)-3.235 E 2.225 +(timing information should be displayed; see the description of)108 +278.4 R F4(TIMEFORMA)4.726 E(T)-.855 E F0(under)4.476 E F1 2.226 +(Shell V)4.726 F(ariables)-.92 E F0(belo)108 290.4 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G .85 +(When the shell is in)108 307.2 R F2 .85(posix mode)3.35 F F0(,)A F1 +(time)3.35 E F0 .85(may be follo)3.35 F .85(wed by a ne)-.25 F 3.35 +(wline. In)-.25 F .85(this case, the shell displays the)3.35 F 1.073 +(total user and system time consumed by the shell and its children.)108 +319.2 R(The)6.074 E F4(TIMEFORMA)3.574 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)3.324 G +1.074(riable may be).25 F +(used to specify the format of the time information.)108 331.2 Q +(Each command in a pipeline is e)108 348 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted as a separate process \(i.e., in a subshell\).).15 E F1(Lists)87 -300 Q F0(A)108 312 Q F2(list)2.601 E F0 .101(is a sequence of one or mo\ -re pipelines separated by one of the operators)2.601 F F1(;)2.6 E F0(,)A -F1(&)2.6 E F0(,)A F1(&&)2.6 E F0 2.6(,o)C(r)-2.6 E F3<efef>2.6 E F0 2.6 -(,a)C .1(nd option-)-2.6 F(ally terminated by one of)108 324 Q F1(;)2.5 -E F0(,)A F1(&)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F1(<newline>)2.5 E F0(.)A .656 -(Of these list operators,)108 340.8 R F1(&&)3.156 E F0(and)3.156 E F3 -<efef>3.156 E F0(ha)3.156 E .956 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .656 -(qual precedence, follo).15 F .656(wed by)-.25 F F1(;)3.156 E F0(and) -3.156 E F1(&)3.156 E F0 3.156(,w)C .656(hich ha)-3.156 F .957 -.15(ve e) --.2 H .657(qual prece-).15 F(dence.)108 352.8 Q 2.5(As)108 369.6 S -(equence of one or more ne)-2.5 E(wlines may appear in a)-.25 E F2(list) -2.5 E F0(instead of a semicolon to delimit commands.)2.5 E .029 -(If a command is terminated by the control operator)108 386.4 R F1(&) +364.8 Q F0(A)108 376.8 Q F2(list)2.85 E F0 .35(is a sequence of one or \ +more pipelines separated by one of the operators)2.85 F F1(;)2.849 E F0 +(,)A F1(&)2.849 E F0(,)A F1(&&)2.849 E F0 2.849(,o)C(r)-2.849 E F1(||) +2.849 E F0 2.849(,a)C .349(nd option-)-2.849 F +(ally terminated by one of)108 388.8 Q F1(;)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(&)2.5 E F0 +2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F1(<newline>)2.5 E F0(.)A .96 +(Of these list operators,)108 405.6 R F1(&&)3.46 E F0(and)3.46 E F1(||) +3.46 E F0(ha)3.46 E 1.26 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .961(qual precedence, follo).15 +F .961(wed by)-.25 F F1(;)3.461 E F0(and)3.461 E F1(&)3.461 E F0 3.461 +(,w)C .961(hich ha)-3.461 F 1.261 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .961(qual prece-).15 F +(dence.)108 417.6 Q 2.5(As)108 434.4 S(equence of one or more ne)-2.5 E +(wlines may appear in a)-.25 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 +(instead of a semicolon to delimit commands.)2.5 E .029 +(If a command is terminated by the control operator)108 451.2 R F1(&) 2.529 E F0 2.529(,t)C .029(he shell e)-2.529 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .029 (cutes the command in the).15 F F2(bac)2.528 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 -(in)2.528 E 2.875(as)108 398.4 S 2.875(ubshell. The)-2.875 F .375 +(in)2.528 E 2.875(as)108 463.2 S 2.875(ubshell. The)-2.875 F .375 (shell does not w)2.875 F .375 (ait for the command to \214nish, and the return status is 0.)-.1 F .376 -(Commands sepa-)5.376 F .849(rated by a)108 410.4 R F1(;)3.349 E F0 .849 +(Commands sepa-)5.376 F .849(rated by a)108 475.2 R F1(;)3.349 E F0 .849 (are e)3.349 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .848(cuted sequentially; the shell w).15 F .848(aits for each command to terminate in turn.)-.1 F .848(The return) -5.848 F(status is the e)108 422.4 Q(xit status of the last command e) --.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E .632(AND and OR lists are sequences \ -of one of more pipelines separated by the)108 439.2 R F1(&&)3.132 E F0 -(and)3.133 E F3<efef>3.133 E F0 .633(control operators,)3.133 F -(respecti)108 451.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5(.A)-.65 G -(ND and OR lists are e)-5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted with left associati).15 -E(vity)-.25 E 5(.A)-.65 G 2.5(nA)-5 G(ND list has the form)-2.5 E F2 -(command1)144 468 Q F1(&&)2.5 E F2(command2)2.5 E(command2)108.2 484.8 Q -F0(is e)2.52 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted if, and only if,).15 E F2(command1) -2.7 E F0(returns an e)2.5 E(xit status of zero.)-.15 E -(An OR list has the form)108 501.6 Q F2(command1)144 518.4 Q F3<efef>2.5 -E F2(command2)2.5 E(command2)108.2 540 Q F0 .729(is e)3.249 F -.15(xe) --.15 G .729(cuted if and only if).15 F F2(command1)3.429 E F0 .729 -(returns a non-zero e)3.229 F .729(xit status.)-.15 F .728 -(The return status of AND)5.729 F(and OR lists is the e)108 552 Q -(xit status of the last command e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted in the list.).15 E F1(Compound Commands)87 568.8 Q F0(A)108 580.8 +5.848 F(status is the e)108 487.2 Q(xit status of the last command e) +-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E .937(AND and OR lists are sequences \ +of one of more pipelines separated by the)108 504 R F1(&&)3.437 E F0 +(and)3.437 E F1(||)3.437 E F0 .937(control operators,)3.437 F(respecti) +108 516 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5(.A)-.65 G(ND and OR lists are e)-5 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted with left associati).15 E(vity)-.25 E 5(.A)-.65 G +2.5(nA)-5 G(ND list has the form)-2.5 E F2(command1)144 532.8 Q F1(&&) +2.5 E F2(command2)2.5 E(command2)108.2 549.6 Q F0(is e)2.52 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuted if, and only if,).15 E F2(command1)2.7 E F0(returns an e) +2.5 E(xit status of zero.)-.15 E(An OR list has the form)108 566.4 Q F2 +(command1)144 583.2 Q F1(||)2.5 E F2(command2)2.5 E(command2)108.2 604.8 +Q F0 .729(is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .729(cuted if and only if).15 F F2 +(command1)3.429 E F0 .729(returns a non-zero e)3.229 F .729(xit status.) +-.15 F .728(The return status of AND)5.729 F(and OR lists is the e)108 +616.8 Q(xit status of the last command e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted in the list.).15 E F1(Compound Commands)87 633.6 Q F0(A)108 645.6 Q F2(compound command)2.5 E F0(is one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E -(\()108 597.6 Q F2(list)A F0(\))A F2(list)17.11 E F0 .011(is e)2.511 F +(\()108 662.4 Q F2(list)A F0(\))A F2(list)17.11 E F0 .011(is e)2.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .011(cuted in a subshell en).15 F .011(vironment \(see) -.4 F F4 .011(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)2.511 F(ONMENT)-.27 E F0(belo) -2.262 E(w\).)-.25 E -1.11(Va)144 609.6 S 1.064(riable assignments and b) +2.262 E(w\).)-.25 E -1.11(Va)144 674.4 S 1.064(riable assignments and b) 1.11 F 1.064(uiltin commands that af)-.2 F 1.064(fect the shell')-.25 F 3.564(se)-.55 G -.4(nv)-3.564 G 1.064(ironment do not remain in).4 F(ef) -144 621.6 Q(fect after the command completes.)-.25 E +144 686.4 Q(fect after the command completes.)-.25 E (The return status is the e)5 E(xit status of)-.15 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(.) -A({)108 638.4 Q F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;})C F2(list)3.89 E F0 .401 +A({)108 703.2 Q F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;})C F2(list)3.89 E F0 .401 (is simply e)2.901 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .401(cuted in the current shell en) .15 F(vironment.)-.4 E F2(list)5.401 E F0 .402 (must be terminated with a ne)2.901 F .402(wline or)-.25 F 3.215 -(semicolon. This)144 650.4 R .715(is kno)3.215 F .715(wn as a)-.25 F F2 +(semicolon. This)144 715.2 R .715(is kno)3.215 F .715(wn as a)-.25 F F2 (gr)3.215 E .715(oup command)-.45 F F0 5.715(.T)C .715 (he return status is the e)-5.715 F .714(xit status of)-.15 F F2(list) -3.214 E F0 5.714(.N)C(ote)-5.714 E .219(that unlik)144 662.4 R 2.719(et) +3.214 E F0 5.714(.N)C(ote)-5.714 E .219(that unlik)144 727.2 R 2.719(et) -.1 G .219(he metacharacters)-2.719 F F1(\()2.719 E F0(and)2.719 E F1 (\))2.719 E F0(,)A F1({)2.719 E F0(and)2.719 E F1(})2.719 E F0(are)2.719 E F2 -.37(re)2.72 G .22(served wor).37 F(ds)-.37 E F0 .22 -(and must occur where a reserv)2.72 F(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)144 674.4 S .257 -(rd is permitted to be recognized.).1 F .257(Since the)5.257 F 2.757(yd) --.15 G 2.756(on)-2.757 G .256(ot cause a w)-2.756 F .256(ord break, the) --.1 F 2.756(ym)-.15 G .256(ust be separated)-2.756 F(from)144 686.4 Q F2 -(list)2.5 E F0(by whitespace or another shell metacharacter)2.5 E(.)-.55 -E(\(\()108 703.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(\)\))A(The)144 -715.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.551 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .051(is e)2.551 F --.25(va)-.25 G .051(luated according to the rules described belo).25 F -2.552(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.552 E F4 .052(ARITHMETIC EV)2.552 F(ALU)-1.215 E -(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 727.2 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .411(If the v) -4.911 F .411(alue of the e)-.25 F .411(xpression is non-zero, the retur\ -n status is 0; otherwise the return status)-.15 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q -(2009 December 29)135.965 E(4)190.955 E 0 Cg EP +(and must occur where a reserv)2.72 F(ed)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(4)190.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 5 5 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(is 1.)144 84 Q(This is e)5 E(xactly equi)-.15 E -.25(va)-.25 G -(lent to).25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(let ")2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF --.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(")A F0(.)A F1([[)108 100.8 Q F2 -.2 -(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(]])2.5 E F0 1.299 -(Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the e)144 112.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G -1.3(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.8 G +-.35 E -.1(wo)144 84 S .257(rd is permitted to be recognized.).1 F .257 +(Since the)5.257 F 2.757(yd)-.15 G 2.756(on)-2.757 G .256(ot cause a w) +-2.756 F .256(ord break, the)-.1 F 2.756(ym)-.15 G .256 +(ust be separated)-2.756 F(from)144 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(list) +2.5 E F0(by whitespace or another shell metacharacter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E +(\(\()108 112.8 Q F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(\)\))A(The)144 +124.8 Q F1 -.2(ex)2.551 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .051(is e)2.551 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .051(luated according to the rules described belo).25 F +2.552(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.552 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .052(ARITHMETIC EV) +2.552 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 136.8 Q/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +A F0 .411(If the v)4.911 F .411(alue of the e)-.25 F .411(xpression is \ +non-zero, the return status is 0; otherwise the return status)-.15 F +(is 1.)144 148.8 Q(This is e)5 E(xactly equi)-.15 E -.25(va)-.25 G +(lent to).25 E/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(let ")2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E +(ession)-.37 E F4(")A F0(.)A F4([[)108 165.6 Q F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E +(ession)-.37 E F4(]])2.5 E F0 1.299 +(Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the e)144 177.6 R -.25(va)-.25 G +1.3(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F1 -.2(ex)3.8 G (pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(.)A 2.274 -(Expressions are composed of the primaries described belo)144 124.8 R -4.773(wu)-.25 G(nder)-4.773 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)4.773 E -2.273(AL EXPRES-)-.18 F(SIONS)144 136.8 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 --.8(Wo)5.632 G 1.133(rd splitting and pathname e).8 F 1.133 +(Expressions are composed of the primaries described belo)144 189.6 R +4.773(wu)-.25 G(nder)-4.773 E F2(CONDITION)4.773 E 2.273(AL EXPRES-)-.18 +F(SIONS)144 201.6 Q F3(.)A F0 -.8(Wo)5.632 G 1.133 +(rd splitting and pathname e).8 F 1.133 (xpansion are not performed on the w)-.15 F 1.133(ords between the)-.1 F -F1([[)3.633 E F0(and)144 148.8 Q F1(]])2.964 E F0 2.964(;t)C .464 +F4([[)3.633 E F0(and)144 213.6 Q F4(]])2.964 E F0 2.964(;t)C .464 (ilde e)-2.964 F .464(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .464(ariable e) -.25 F .463(xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F .463 (xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.081 -(tution, process substitution, and quote remo)144 160.8 R -.25(va)-.15 G +(tution, process substitution, and quote remo)144 225.6 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.581(la).25 G 1.081(re performed.)-3.581 F 1.081 -(Conditional operators such as)6.081 F F1<ad66>3.581 E F0 -(must be unquoted to be recognized as primaries.)144 172.8 Q -(When used with)144 190.8 Q F1([[)2.5 E F0 2.5(,T)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E -F0(and)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E +(Conditional operators such as)6.081 F F4<ad66>3.581 E F0 +(must be unquoted to be recognized as primaries.)144 237.6 Q +(When used with)144 255.6 Q F4([[)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F4(<)2.5 E +F0(and)2.5 E F4(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E (xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 E .503(When the)144 -208.8 R F1(==)3.003 E F0(and)3.002 E F1(!=)3.002 E F0 .502(operators ar\ +273.6 R F4(==)3.003 E F0(and)3.002 E F4(!=)3.002 E F0 .502(operators ar\ e used, the string to the right of the operator is considered a pat-) 3.002 F 1.224(tern and matched according to the rules described belo)144 -220.8 R 3.724(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.724 E F1 -.1(Pa)3.724 G(tter).1 E 3.725 +285.6 R 3.724(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.724 E F4 -.1(Pa)3.724 G(tter).1 E 3.725 (nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.725 E F0 6.225(.I)C 3.725(ft)-6.225 G 1.225 -(he shell)-3.725 F(option)144 232.8 Q F1(nocasematch)3.405 E F0 .904 +(he shell)-3.725 F(option)144 297.6 Q F4(nocasematch)3.405 E F0 .904 (is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.405 F -.05(ga)-.15 G -.904(rd to the case of alphabetic).05 F 2.751(characters. The)144 244.8 +.904(rd to the case of alphabetic).05 F 2.751(characters. The)144 309.6 R .251(return v)2.751 F .251(alue is 0 if the string matches \()-.25 F -F1(==)A F0 2.751(\)o)C 2.751(rd)-2.751 G .251(oes not match \()-2.751 F -F1(!=)A F0 2.751(\)t)C .252(he pattern, and)-2.751 F 2.5(1o)144 256.8 S +F4(==)A F0 2.751(\)o)C 2.751(rd)-2.751 G .251(oes not match \()-2.751 F +F4(!=)A F0 2.751(\)t)C .252(he pattern, and)-2.751 F 2.5(1o)144 321.6 S 2.5(therwise. An)-2.5 F 2.5(yp)-.15 G(art of the pattern may be quoted \ to force it to be matched as a string.)-2.5 E .243 -(An additional binary operator)144 274.8 R(,)-.4 E F1(=~)2.743 E F0 +(An additional binary operator)144 339.6 R(,)-.4 E F4(=~)2.743 E F0 2.743(,i)C 2.743(sa)-2.743 G -.25(va)-2.943 G .243 -(ilable, with the same precedence as).25 F F1(==)2.743 E F0(and)2.743 E -F1(!=)2.743 E F0 5.243(.W)C .243(hen it is)-5.243 F 1.953 +(ilable, with the same precedence as).25 F F4(==)2.743 E F0(and)2.743 E +F4(!=)2.743 E F0 5.243(.W)C .243(hen it is)-5.243 F 1.953 (used, the string to the right of the operator is considered an e)144 -286.8 R 1.954(xtended re)-.15 F 1.954(gular e)-.15 F 1.954 -(xpression and)-.15 F .207(matched accordingly \(as in)144 298.8 R F2 +351.6 R 1.954(xtended re)-.15 F 1.954(gular e)-.15 F 1.954 +(xpression and)-.15 F .207(matched accordingly \(as in)144 363.6 R F1 -.37(re)2.707 G -.1(ge)-.03 G(x)-.1 E F0 2.707(\(3\)\). The)B .207 (return v)2.707 F .207 (alue is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1)-.25 F 3.345 -(otherwise. If)144 310.8 R .845(the re)3.345 F .845(gular e)-.15 F .846 +(otherwise. If)144 375.6 R .845(the re)3.345 F .845(gular e)-.15 F .846 (xpression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional e)-.15 F -(xpression')-.15 E 3.346(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.346 E -.25(va)144 322.8 S -.667(lue is 2.).25 F .667(If the shell option)5.667 F F1(nocasematch) +(xpression')-.15 E 3.346(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.346 E -.25(va)144 387.6 S +.667(lue is 2.).25 F .667(If the shell option)5.667 F F4(nocasematch) 3.167 E F0 .667(is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.167 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .666(rd to).05 F .378(the case of alphabetic characters.) -144 334.8 R(An)5.378 E 2.878(yp)-.15 G .378 +144 399.6 R(An)5.378 E 2.878(yp)-.15 G .378 (art of the pattern may be quoted to force it to be matched)-2.878 F -.265(as a string.)144 346.8 R .265 +.265(as a string.)144 411.6 R .265 (Substrings matched by parenthesized sube)5.265 F .265 (xpressions within the re)-.15 F .265(gular e)-.15 F .265(xpression are) --.15 F(sa)144 358.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.096(di).15 G 3.097(nt)-3.096 G -.597(he array v)-3.097 F(ariable)-.25 E F3 -.27(BA)3.097 G(SH_REMA).27 E -(TCH)-.855 E F4(.)A F0 .597(The element of)5.097 F F3 -.27(BA)3.097 G +-.15 F(sa)144 423.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.096(di).15 G 3.097(nt)-3.096 G +.597(he array v)-3.097 F(ariable)-.25 E F2 -.27(BA)3.097 G(SH_REMA).27 E +(TCH)-.855 E F3(.)A F0 .597(The element of)5.097 F F2 -.27(BA)3.097 G (SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F0 .597(with inde)2.847 F 3.097(x0i)-.15 G(s) --3.097 E .049(the portion of the string matching the entire re)144 370.8 +-3.097 E .049(the portion of the string matching the entire re)144 435.6 R .049(gular e)-.15 F 2.549(xpression. The)-.15 F .049(element of)2.549 -F F3 -.27(BA)2.549 G(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F0(with inde)144 382.8 Q -(x)-.15 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(is the portion of the string matching the)2.5 E -F2(n)2.5 E F0(th parenthesized sube)A(xpression.)-.15 E .785 -(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 400.8 R .786 +F F2 -.27(BA)2.549 G(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F0(with inde)144 447.6 Q +(x)-.15 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(is the portion of the string matching the)2.5 E +F1(n)2.5 E F0(th parenthesized sube)A(xpression.)-.15 E .785 +(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 465.6 R .786 (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F(dence:)144 -412.8 Q F1(\()144 430.8 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)) -2.5 E F0 .523(Returns the v)180 442.8 R .522(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex) +477.6 Q F4(\()144 495.6 Q F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F4(\)) +2.5 E F0 .523(Returns the v)180 507.6 R .522(alue of)-.25 F F1 -.2(ex) 3.022 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 5.522(.T)C .522(his may be used to o) -5.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .522(rride the normal precedence of).15 F -(operators.)180 454.8 Q F1(!)144 466.8 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession) --.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 478.8 S(ue if).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E -(ession)-.37 E F0(is f)2.74 E(alse.)-.1 E F2 -.2(ex)144 490.8 S(pr).2 E -(ession1)-.37 E F1(&&)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 --.35(Tr)180 502.8 S(ue if both).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession1) --.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0(are true.) -2.52 E F2 -.2(ex)144 514.8 S(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E/F5 10/Symbol SF -<efef>2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 526.8 -S(ue if either).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0(or)2.5 E -F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0(is true.)2.52 E(The)144 543.6 -Q F1(&&)3.298 E F0(and)3.298 E F5<efef>3.298 E F0 .798 -(operators do not e)3.298 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luate).25 E F2 -.2(ex)3.298 G -(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 .798(if the v)3.298 F .798(alue of)-.25 F F2 --.2(ex)3.298 G(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0 .799(is suf)3.298 F .799 -(\214cient to)-.25 F(determine the return v)144 555.6 Q -(alue of the entire conditional e)-.25 E(xpression.)-.15 E F1 -.25(fo) -108 572.4 S(r).25 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5([[)2.5 G F1(in)A F0([)2.5 E F2 -(wor)2.5 E 2.5(d.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0 2.5(]];])2.5 G F1(do)A F2(list)2.5 -E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 .424(The list of w)144 584.4 R .424 -(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F1(in)2.924 E F0 .423(is e)2.924 F .423 -(xpanded, generating a list of items.)-.15 F .423(The v)5.423 F(ariable) --.25 E F2(name)2.923 E F0 .423(is set to)2.923 F .653 -(each element of this list in turn, and)144 596.4 R F2(list)3.153 E F0 -.653(is e)3.153 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653(cuted each time.).15 F .653 -(If the)5.653 F F1(in)3.153 E F2(wor)3.153 E(d)-.37 E F0 .653 -(is omitted, the)3.153 F F1 -.25(fo)3.153 G(r).25 E F0 .649(command e) -144 608.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(list)3.149 E F0 .648 -(once for each positional parameter that is set \(see)3.148 F F3 -.666 +(operators.)180 519.6 Q F4(!)144 531.6 Q F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession) +-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 543.6 S(ue if).35 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E +(ession)-.37 E F0(is f)2.74 E(alse.)-.1 E F1 -.2(ex)144 555.6 S(pr).2 E +(ession1)-.37 E F4(&&)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 +-.35(Tr)180 567.6 S(ue if both).35 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession1) +-.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0(are true.) +2.52 E F1 -.2(ex)144 579.6 S(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F4(||)2.5 E F1 -.2 +(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 591.6 S(ue if either).35 +E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr) +.2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0(is true.)2.52 E(The)144 608.4 Q F4(&&)3.64 E F0 +(and)3.64 E F4(||)3.64 E F0 1.14(operators do not e)3.64 F -.25(va)-.25 +G(luate).25 E F1 -.2(ex)3.641 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 1.141 +(if the v)3.641 F 1.141(alue of)-.25 F F1 -.2(ex)3.641 G(pr).2 E +(ession1)-.37 E F0 1.141(is suf)3.641 F 1.141(\214cient to)-.25 F +(determine the return v)144 620.4 Q(alue of the entire conditional e) +-.25 E(xpression.)-.15 E F4 -.25(fo)108 637.2 S(r).25 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 +2.5([[)2.5 G F4(in)A F0([)2.5 E F1(wor)2.5 E 2.5(d.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0 +2.5(]];])2.5 G F4(do)A F1(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F4(done)2.5 E F0 .424 +(The list of w)144 649.2 R .424(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F4(in)2.924 +E F0 .423(is e)2.924 F .423(xpanded, generating a list of items.)-.15 F +.423(The v)5.423 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)2.923 E F0 .423(is set to) +2.923 F .653(each element of this list in turn, and)144 661.2 R F1(list) +3.153 E F0 .653(is e)3.153 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653(cuted each time.).15 F +.653(If the)5.653 F F4(in)3.153 E F1(wor)3.153 E(d)-.37 E F0 .653 +(is omitted, the)3.153 F F4 -.25(fo)3.153 G(r).25 E F0 .649(command e) +144 673.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F1(list)3.149 E F0 .648 +(once for each positional parameter that is set \(see)3.148 F F2 -.666 (PA)3.148 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.898 E(w\).)-.25 E .153 -(The return status is the e)144 620.4 R .153 +(The return status is the e)144 685.2 R .153 (xit status of the last command that e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.654 (cutes. If).15 F .154(the e)2.654 F .154(xpansion of the items)-.15 F -(follo)144 632.4 Q(wing)-.25 E F1(in)2.5 E F0 +(follo)144 697.2 Q(wing)-.25 E F4(in)2.5 E F0 (results in an empty list, no commands are e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted, and the return status is 0.).15 E F1 -.25(fo)108 649.2 S(r).25 E -F0(\(\()2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(;)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 -E F0(;)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr3).2 E F0(\)\) ;)2.5 E F1(do)2.5 E F2 -(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 1.236(First, the arithmetic e) -144 661.2 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.736 G(pr1).2 E F0 1.235(is e) -3.736 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.235 -(luated according to the rules described belo).25 F 3.735(wu)-.25 G -(nder)-3.735 E F3 .561(ARITHMETIC EV)144 673.2 R(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT) --.54 G(ION).855 E F4(.)A F0 .561(The arithmetic e)5.061 F(xpression)-.15 -E F2 -.2(ex)3.061 G(pr2).2 E F0 .562(is then e)3.062 F -.25(va)-.25 G -.562(luated repeatedly until).25 F .592(it e)144 685.2 R -.25(va)-.25 G -.592(luates to zero.).25 F .592(Each time)5.592 F F2 -.2(ex)3.092 G(pr2) -.2 E F0 -.25(eva)3.092 G .592(luates to a non-zero v).25 F(alue,)-.25 E -F2(list)3.092 E F0 .591(is e)3.092 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .591 -(cuted and the arith-).15 F .228(metic e)144 697.2 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 --.2(ex)2.728 G(pr3).2 E F0 .229(is e)2.728 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.729 -(luated. If).25 F(an)2.729 E 2.729(ye)-.15 G .229 -(xpression is omitted, it beha)-2.879 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.729(sa).15 G -2.729(si)-2.729 G 2.729(fi)-2.729 G 2.729(te)-2.729 G -.25(va)-2.979 G -.229(luates to 1.).25 F .228(The return v)144 709.2 R .228 -(alue is the e)-.25 F .228(xit status of the last command in)-.15 F F2 -(list)2.728 E F0 .227(that is e)2.728 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .227(cuted, or f) -.15 F .227(alse if an)-.1 F 2.727(yo)-.15 G 2.727(ft)-2.727 G(he)-2.727 -E -.15(ex)144 721.2 S(pressions is in).15 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid.).25 E -(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(5)190.955 E 0 Cg EP +(cuted, and the return status is 0.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(5)190.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 6 6 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(select)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(in)2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(];)2.5 G -F1(do)A F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 .432(The list of w)144 -96 R .432(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F1(in)2.932 E F0 .432(is e)2.932 -F .432(xpanded, generating a list of items.)-.15 F .433(The set of e) -5.433 F .433(xpanded w)-.15 F(ords)-.1 E .843 -(is printed on the standard error)144 108 R 3.342(,e)-.4 G .842 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.25(fo)108 84 S(r).25 E F0(\(\()2.5 E/F2 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(;)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G +(pr2).2 E F0(;)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr3).2 E F0(\)\) ;)2.5 E F1(do)2.5 +E F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 1.236 +(First, the arithmetic e)144 96 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.736 G +(pr1).2 E F0 1.235(is e)3.736 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.235 +(luated according to the rules described belo).25 F 3.735(wu)-.25 G +(nder)-3.735 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .561(ARITHMETIC EV)144 108 R(ALU) +-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .561 +(The arithmetic e)5.061 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.061 G(pr2).2 E F0 +.562(is then e)3.062 F -.25(va)-.25 G .562(luated repeatedly until).25 F +.592(it e)144 120 R -.25(va)-.25 G .592(luates to zero.).25 F .592 +(Each time)5.592 F F2 -.2(ex)3.092 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.25(eva)3.092 G .592 +(luates to a non-zero v).25 F(alue,)-.25 E F2(list)3.092 E F0 .591(is e) +3.092 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .591(cuted and the arith-).15 F .228(metic e)144 +132 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)2.728 G(pr3).2 E F0 .229(is e)2.728 F +-.25(va)-.25 G 2.729(luated. If).25 F(an)2.729 E 2.729(ye)-.15 G .229 +(xpression is omitted, it beha)-2.879 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.729(sa).15 G +2.729(si)-2.729 G 2.729(fi)-2.729 G 2.729(te)-2.729 G -.25(va)-2.979 G +.229(luates to 1.).25 F .228(The return v)144 144 R .228(alue is the e) +-.25 F .228(xit status of the last command in)-.15 F F2(list)2.728 E F0 +.227(that is e)2.728 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .227(cuted, or f).15 F .227 +(alse if an)-.1 F 2.727(yo)-.15 G 2.727(ft)-2.727 G(he)-2.727 E -.15(ex) +144 156 S(pressions is in).15 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid.).25 E F1(select)108 +172.8 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(in)2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 +2.5(];)2.5 G F1(do)A F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 .432 +(The list of w)144 184.8 R .432(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F1(in)2.932 +E F0 .432(is e)2.932 F .432(xpanded, generating a list of items.)-.15 F +.433(The set of e)5.433 F .433(xpanded w)-.15 F(ords)-.1 E .843 +(is printed on the standard error)144 196.8 R 3.342(,e)-.4 G .842 (ach preceded by a number)-3.342 F 5.842(.I)-.55 G 3.342(ft)-5.842 G(he) -3.342 E F1(in)3.342 E F2(wor)3.342 E(d)-.37 E F0 .842 (is omitted, the posi-)3.342 F .201(tional parameters are printed \(see) -144 120 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.701 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo) -2.451 E 2.701(w\). The)-.25 F F3(PS3)2.701 E F0 .201 -(prompt is then displayed and a)2.451 F .214 -(line read from the standard input.)144 132 R .213 +144 208.8 R F3 -.666(PA)2.701 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.451 E 2.701 +(w\). The)-.25 F F3(PS3)2.701 E F0 .201(prompt is then displayed and a) +2.451 F .214(line read from the standard input.)144 220.8 R .213 (If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of the dis-)5.214 -F 1.537(played w)144 144 R 1.537(ords, then the v)-.1 F 1.537(alue of) +F 1.537(played w)144 232.8 R 1.537(ords, then the v)-.1 F 1.537(alue of) -.25 F F2(name)4.397 E F0 1.537(is set to that w)4.217 F 4.037(ord. If) -.1 F 1.538(the line is empty)4.038 F 4.038(,t)-.65 G 1.538(he w)-4.038 -F 1.538(ords and)-.1 F .066(prompt are displayed ag)144 156 R 2.566 +F 1.538(ords and)-.1 F .066(prompt are displayed ag)144 244.8 R 2.566 (ain. If)-.05 F .065(EOF is read, the command completes.)2.566 F(An) 5.065 E 2.565(yo)-.15 G .065(ther v)-2.565 F .065(alue read causes)-.25 -F F2(name)144 168 Q F0 .972(to be set to null.)3.652 F .972 +F F2(name)144 256.8 Q F0 .972(to be set to null.)3.652 F .972 (The line read is sa)5.972 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.473(di).15 G 3.473(nt) --3.473 G .973(he v)-3.473 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(REPL)3.473 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 -9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(The)5.473 E F2(list)3.563 E F0 .973(is e)4.153 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .973(cuted after).15 F .072(each selection until a)144 -180 R F1(br)2.571 E(eak)-.18 E F0 .071(command is e)2.571 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G 2.571(cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)2.571 G .071(it status of).15 F F1 -(select)2.571 E F0 .071(is the e)2.571 F .071(xit status of the)-.15 F -(last command e)144 192 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 -2.5(,o).68 G 2.5(rz)-2.5 G(ero if no commands were e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuted.).15 E F1(case)108 208.8 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F1(in)2.5 E F0 -2.5([[)2.5 G(\(])-2.5 E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(|)2.5 E F2 +-3.473 G .973(he v)-3.473 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(REPL)3.473 E(Y)-.828 E F4 +(.)A F0(The)5.473 E F2(list)3.563 E F0 .973(is e)4.153 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.973(cuted after).15 F .072(each selection until a)144 268.8 R F1(br) +2.571 E(eak)-.18 E F0 .071(command is e)2.571 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.571 +(cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)2.571 G .071(it status of).15 F F1(select) +2.571 E F0 .071(is the e)2.571 F .071(xit status of the)-.15 F +(last command e)144 280.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F2(list)2.5 E +F0 2.5(,o).68 G 2.5(rz)-2.5 G(ero if no commands were e)-2.5 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(case)108 297.6 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F1(in)2.5 +E F0 2.5([[)2.5 G(\(])-2.5 E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(|)2.5 E F2 (pattern)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)2.5 G(.. \))-2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(;; ] ...) -2.5 E F1(esac)2.5 E F0(A)144 220.8 Q F1(case)3.264 E F0 .764 +2.5 E F1(esac)2.5 E F0(A)144 309.6 Q F1(case)3.264 E F0 .764 (command \214rst e)3.264 F(xpands)-.15 E F2(wor)3.264 E(d)-.37 E F0 3.264(,a)C .764(nd tries to match it ag)-3.264 F .764(ainst each)-.05 F F2(pattern)3.264 E F0 .765(in turn, using the)3.264 F .596 -(same matching rules as for pathname e)144 232.8 R .595(xpansion \(see) +(same matching rules as for pathname e)144 321.6 R .595(xpansion \(see) -.15 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.095 G .595(thname Expansion).1 F F0(belo)3.095 E 3.095(w\). The)-.25 F F2(wor)3.095 E(d)-.37 E F0(is)3.095 E -.15(ex)144 -244.8 S 1.092(panded using tilde e).15 F 1.092 +333.6 S 1.092(panded using tilde e).15 F 1.092 (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F 1.092(ariable e)-.25 F 1.092 (xpansion, arithmetic substitution, com-)-.15 F 1.268 -(mand substitution, process substitution and quote remo)144 256.8 R -.25 +(mand substitution, process substitution and quote remo)144 345.6 R -.25 (va)-.15 G 3.768(l. Each).25 F F2(pattern)3.768 E F0 -.15(ex)3.768 G -1.268(amined is e).15 F(xpanded)-.15 E .353(using tilde e)144 268.8 R +1.268(amined is e).15 F(xpanded)-.15 E .353(using tilde e)144 357.6 R .353(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .353(ariable e)-.25 F .353 (xpansion, arithmetic substitution, command substi-)-.15 F 1.517 -(tution, and process substitution.)144 280.8 R 1.517 +(tution, and process substitution.)144 369.6 R 1.517 (If the shell option)6.517 F F1(nocasematch)4.016 E F0 1.516 (is enabled, the match is per)4.016 F(-)-.2 E 1.346(formed without re) -144 292.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.346 +144 381.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.346 (rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F 1.347 -(When a match is found, the corre-)6.347 F(sponding)144 304.8 Q F2(list) +(When a match is found, the corre-)6.347 F(sponding)144 393.6 Q F2(list) 2.777 E F0 .277(is e)2.777 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.777(cuted. If).15 F(the) 2.777 E F1(;;)2.777 E F0 .277 (operator is used, no subsequent matches are attempted after the)2.777 F -.848(\214rst pattern match.)144 316.8 R(Using)5.848 E F1(;&)3.348 E F0 +.848(\214rst pattern match.)144 405.6 R(Using)5.848 E F1(;&)3.348 E F0 .849(in place of)3.349 F F1(;;)3.349 E F0 .849(causes e)3.349 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .849(cution to continue with the).15 F F2(list)3.349 E F0 -(associated)3.349 E .078(with the ne)144 328.8 R .078 +(associated)3.349 E .078(with the ne)144 417.6 R .078 (xt set of patterns.)-.15 F(Using)5.078 E F1(;;&)2.578 E F0 .078 (in place of)2.578 F F1(;;)2.578 E F0 .077 (causes the shell to test the ne)2.578 F .077(xt pattern list in)-.15 F -.227(the statement, if an)144 340.8 R 1.527 -.65(y, a)-.15 H .227(nd e) +.227(the statement, if an)144 429.6 R 1.527 -.65(y, a)-.15 H .227(nd e) .65 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .227(cute an).15 F 2.727(ya)-.15 G(ssociated)-2.727 E F2(list)2.727 E F0 .227(on a successful match.)2.727 F .227(The e) -5.227 F .227(xit status is zero)-.15 F(if no pattern matches.)144 352.8 +5.227 F .227(xit status is zero)-.15 F(if no pattern matches.)144 441.6 Q(Otherwise, it is the e)5 E(xit status of the last command e)-.15 E --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(if)108 369.6 Q F2 +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(if)108 458.4 Q F2 (list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(then)2.5 E F2(list;)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(elif)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(then)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;].)C(.. [)-2.5 -E F1(else)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;])C F1<8c>A F0(The)144 381.6 Q F1 +E F1(else)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;])C F1<8c>A F0(The)144 470.4 Q F1 (if)2.978 E F2(list)3.068 E F0 .478(is e)3.658 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978 (cuted. If).15 F .478(its e)2.978 F .478(xit status is zero, the)-.15 F F1(then)2.978 E F2(list)2.978 E F0 .478(is e)2.978 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978(cuted. Otherwise,).15 F(each)2.978 E F1(elif)2.977 E F2(list)2.977 -E F0 1.087(is e)144 393.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.087 +E F0 1.087(is e)144 482.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.087 (cuted in turn, and if its e).15 F 1.087 (xit status is zero, the corresponding)-.15 F F1(then)3.587 E F2(list) 3.587 E F0 1.088(is e)3.588 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.088(cuted and the).15 F -.104(command completes.)144 405.6 R .103(Otherwise, the)5.104 F F1(else) +.104(command completes.)144 494.4 R .103(Otherwise, the)5.104 F F1(else) 2.603 E F2(list)2.603 E F0 .103(is e)2.603 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .103 (cuted, if present.).15 F .103(The e)5.103 F .103(xit status is the e) --.15 F .103(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of the last command e)144 417.6 Q -.15 +-.15 F .103(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of the last command e)144 506.4 Q -.15 (xe)-.15 G(cuted, or zero if no condition tested true.).15 E F1(while) -108 434.4 Q F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(do)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1 -(done)2.5 E(until)108 446.4 Q F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(do)2.5 E F2(list) -2.5 E F0(;)A F1(done)2.5 E F0(The)144 458.4 Q F1(while)3.103 E F0 .603 -(command continuously e)3.103 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .603(cutes the).15 F F1 -(do)3.103 E F2(list)3.103 E F0 .603(as long as the last command in)3.103 -F F2(list)3.104 E F0(returns)3.104 E .471(an e)144 470.4 R .471 -(xit status of zero.)-.15 F(The)5.471 E F1(until)2.971 E F0 .471 -(command is identical to the)2.971 F F1(while)2.97 E F0 .47(command, e) -2.97 F .47(xcept that the test)-.15 F .095(is ne)144 482.4 R -.05(ga) --.15 G .095(ted; the).05 F F1(do)2.595 E F2(list)2.685 E F0 .095(is e) -3.275 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .095(cuted as long as the last command in).15 F -F2(list)2.685 E F0 .096(returns a non-zero e)3.276 F .096(xit status.) --.15 F 1.307(The e)144 494.4 R 1.307(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(while) -3.807 E F0(and)3.807 E F1(until)3.807 E F0 1.307(commands is the e)3.807 -F 1.306(xit status of the last)-.15 F F1(do)3.806 E F2(list)3.806 E F0 -(command)3.806 E -.15(exe)144 506.4 S(cuted, or zero if none w).15 E -(as e)-.1 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(Copr)87 523.2 Q(ocesses)-.18 -E F0(A)108 535.2 Q F2(copr)3.712 E(ocess)-.45 E F0 1.212 +108 523.2 Q F2(list-1)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(do)2.5 E F2(list-2)2.5 E F0(;)A F1 +(done)2.5 E(until)108 535.2 Q F2(list-1)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(do)2.5 E F2 +(list-2)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(done)2.5 E F0(The)144 547.2 Q F1(while)3.45 E F0 +.95(command continuously e)3.45 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .95(cutes the list).15 +F F2(list-2)3.45 E F0 .95(as long as the last command in the list)3.45 F +F2(list-1)144 559.2 Q F0 .205(returns an e)2.705 F .205 +(xit status of zero.)-.15 F(The)5.205 E F1(until)2.705 E F0 .205 +(command is identical to the)2.705 F F1(while)2.705 E F0 .205 +(command, e)2.705 F(xcept)-.15 E .599(that the test is ne)144 571.2 R +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ted;).05 E F2(list-2)3.189 E F0 .599(is e)3.119 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .6(cuted as long as the last command in).15 F F2(list-1)3.19 +E F0 .6(returns a non-zero)3.1 F -.15(ex)144 583.2 S .205(it status.).15 +F .205(The e)5.205 F .205(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(while)2.705 E F0 +(and)2.705 E F1(until)2.704 E F0 .204(commands is the e)2.704 F .204 +(xit status of the last command)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 595.2 S(cuted in).15 +E F2(list-2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rz)-2.5 G(ero if none w)-2.5 E(as e) +-.1 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(Copr)87 612 Q(ocesses)-.18 E F0(A) +108 624 Q F2(copr)3.712 E(ocess)-.45 E F0 1.212 (is a shell command preceded by the)3.712 F F1(copr)3.713 E(oc)-.18 E F0 (reserv)3.713 E 1.213(ed w)-.15 F 3.713(ord. A)-.1 F 1.213 (coprocess is e)3.713 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.213(cuted asyn-).15 F .575(chr\ onously in a subshell, as if the command had been terminated with the) -108 547.2 R F1(&)3.074 E F0 .574(control operator)3.074 F 3.074(,w)-.4 G -.574(ith a tw)-3.074 F(o-)-.1 E -.1(wa)108 559.2 S 2.5(yp).1 G +108 636 R F1(&)3.074 E F0 .574(control operator)3.074 F 3.074(,w)-.4 G +.574(ith a tw)-3.074 F(o-)-.1 E -.1(wa)108 648 S 2.5(yp).1 G (ipe established between the e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting shell and the coprocess.).15 E(The format for a coprocess is:) -108 576 Q F1(copr)144 592.8 Q(oc)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.27(NA)C(ME).27 E -F0(])A F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ections)-.37 E -F0(])A .922(This creates a coprocess named)108 609.6 R F2 -.27(NA)3.422 -G(ME).27 E F0 5.922(.I)C(f)-5.922 E F2 -.27(NA)3.422 G(ME).27 E F0 .923 -(is not supplied, the def)3.422 F .923(ault name is)-.1 F F2(COPR)3.423 -E(OC)-.4 E F0(.)A F2 -.27(NA)5.923 G(ME).27 E F0 .64 -(must not be supplied if)108 621.6 R F2(command)3.14 E F0 .64(is a)3.14 +108 664.8 Q F1(copr)144 681.6 Q(oc)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.27(NA)C(ME).27 +E F0(])A F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ections)-.37 +E F0(])A .922(This creates a coprocess named)108 698.4 R F2 -.27(NA) +3.422 G(ME).27 E F0 5.922(.I)C(f)-5.922 E F2 -.27(NA)3.422 G(ME).27 E F0 +.923(is not supplied, the def)3.422 F .923(ault name is)-.1 F F2(COPR) +3.423 E(OC)-.4 E F0(.)A F2 -.27(NA)5.923 G(ME).27 E F0 .64 +(must not be supplied if)108 710.4 R F2(command)3.14 E F0 .64(is a)3.14 F F2 .64(simple command)3.14 F F0 .64(\(see abo)3.14 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .64(\); otherwise, it is interpreted as the \214rst).15 F -.1(wo)108 -633.6 S .163(rd of the simple command.).1 F .163(When the coproc is e) +722.4 S .163(rd of the simple command.).1 F .163(When the coproc is e) 5.163 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .163(cuted, the shell creates an array v).15 F -.163(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.663 E F0(belo)108 645.6 Q .512 -(w\) named)-.25 F F2 -.27(NA)3.012 G(ME).27 E F0 .512(in the conte)3.012 -F .511(xt of the e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .511(cuting shell.).15 F .511 -(The standard output of)5.511 F F2(command)3.211 E F0 .511(is connected) -3.781 F .81(via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)108 657.6 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .811(cuting shell, and that \214le descriptor is assigned to) -.15 F F2 -.27(NA)3.311 G(ME).27 E F0 3.311([0]. The)B .717 -(standard input of)108 669.6 R F2(command)3.417 E F0 .716 -(is connected via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)3.987 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .716(cuting shell, and that \214le).15 F .702 -(descriptor is assigned to)108 681.6 R F2 -.27(NA)3.202 G(ME).27 E F0 -3.202([1]. This)B .703(pipe is established before an)3.203 F 3.203(yr) --.15 G .703(edirections speci\214ed by the com-)-3.203 F 1.184 -(mand \(see)108 693.6 R F3(REDIRECTION)3.684 E F0(belo)3.434 E 3.684 -(w\). The)-.25 F 1.183(\214le descriptors can be utilized as ar)3.684 F -1.183(guments to shell commands)-.18 F .07 -(and redirections using standard w)108 705.6 R .07(ord e)-.1 F 2.57 -(xpansions. The)-.15 F .07(process id of the shell spa)2.57 F .07 -(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .07(cute the copro-).15 F .632 -(cess is a)108 717.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .631(ilable as the v).25 F .631 -(alue of the v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F2 -.27(NA)3.131 G(ME).27 E F0 -3.131(_PID. The)B F1(wait)3.131 E F0 -.2(bu)3.131 G .631 -(iltin command may be used to w).2 F(ait)-.1 E -(for the coprocess to terminate.)108 729.6 Q(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q -(2009 December 29)135.965 E(6)190.955 E 0 Cg EP +.163(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.663 E F0(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(6)190.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 7 7 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(The return status of a coprocess is the e)108 84 Q(xit status of) --.15 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F0(.)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Shell Function De\214nitions)87 100.8 Q F0 2.697(As)108 112.8 S .198 +-.35 E(belo)108 84 Q .512(w\) named)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.27 +(NA)3.012 G(ME).27 E F0 .512(in the conte)3.012 F .511(xt of the e)-.15 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .511(cuting shell.).15 F .511(The standard output of) +5.511 F F1(command)3.211 E F0 .511(is connected)3.781 F .81 +(via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)108 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .811 +(cuting shell, and that \214le descriptor is assigned to).15 F F1 -.27 +(NA)3.311 G(ME).27 E F0 3.311([0]. The)B .717(standard input of)108 108 +R F1(command)3.417 E F0 .716 +(is connected via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)3.987 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .716(cuting shell, and that \214le).15 F .702 +(descriptor is assigned to)108 120 R F1 -.27(NA)3.202 G(ME).27 E F0 +3.202([1]. This)B .703(pipe is established before an)3.203 F 3.203(yr) +-.15 G .703(edirections speci\214ed by the com-)-3.203 F 1.184 +(mand \(see)108 132 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)3.684 E F0(belo) +3.434 E 3.684(w\). The)-.25 F 1.183 +(\214le descriptors can be utilized as ar)3.684 F 1.183 +(guments to shell commands)-.18 F 1.796 +(and redirections using standard w)108 144 R 1.796(ord e)-.1 F 4.297 +(xpansions. The)-.15 F 1.797(process ID of the shell spa)4.297 F 1.797 +(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.797(cute the).15 F .483 +(coprocess is a)108 156 R -.25(va)-.2 G .483(ilable as the v).25 F .483 +(alue of the v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F1 -.27(NA)2.983 G(ME).27 E F0 +2.983(_PID. The)B/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(wait)2.983 E F0 -.2(bu)2.983 G +.483(iltin command may be used to).2 F -.1(wa)108 168 S +(it for the coprocess to terminate.).1 E +(The return status of a coprocess is the e)108 184.8 Q(xit status of) +-.15 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(.)A F3(Shell Function De\214nitions)87 201.6 +Q F0 2.697(As)108 213.6 S .198 (hell function is an object that is called lik)-2.697 F 2.698(eas)-.1 G .198(imple command and e)-2.698 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .198 -(cutes a compound command with).15 F 2.5(an)108 124.8 S .5 -.25(ew s) +(cutes a compound command with).15 F 2.5(an)108 225.6 S .5 -.25(ew s) -2.5 H(et of positional parameters.).25 E -(Shell functions are declared as follo)5 E(ws:)-.25 E([)108 141.6 Q F2 -(function)2.5 E F0(])2.5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(\(\))2.5 E F1 -(compound\255command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ection)-.37 -E F0(])A 1.403(This de\214nes a function named)144 153.6 R F1(name)3.902 -E F0 6.402(.T)C 1.402(he reserv)-6.402 F 1.402(ed w)-.15 F(ord)-.1 E F2 -(function)3.902 E F0 1.402(is optional.)3.902 F 1.402(If the)6.402 F F2 -(function)3.902 E F0(reserv)144 165.6 Q .162(ed w)-.15 F .162 -(ord is supplied, the parentheses are optional.)-.1 F(The)5.162 E F1 -(body)2.662 E F0 .162(of the function is the compound)2.662 F(command) -144 177.6 Q F1(compound\255command)2.784 E F0(\(see)3.354 E F2 .084 -(Compound Commands)2.584 F F0(abo)2.584 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.584(\). That) -.15 F .084(command is usually a)2.584 F F1(list)144 189.6 Q F0 .044 -(of commands between { and }, b)2.544 F .044(ut may be an)-.2 F 2.544 -(yc)-.15 G .044(ommand listed under)-2.544 F F2 .044(Compound Commands) -2.544 F F0(abo)144 201.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1 +(Shell functions are declared as follo)5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1(name)108 242.4 +Q F0(\(\))2.5 E F1(compound\255command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -.37(re)C +(dir).37 E(ection)-.37 E F0(])A F3(function)108 254.4 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0 +([\(\)])2.5 E F1(compound\255command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -.37(re)C(dir) +.37 E(ection)-.37 E F0(])A 1.403(This de\214nes a function named)144 +266.4 R F1(name)3.902 E F0 6.402(.T)C 1.402(he reserv)-6.402 F 1.402 +(ed w)-.15 F(ord)-.1 E F3(function)3.902 E F0 1.402(is optional.)3.902 F +1.402(If the)6.402 F F3(function)3.902 E F0(reserv)144 278.4 Q .162 +(ed w)-.15 F .162(ord is supplied, the parentheses are optional.)-.1 F +(The)5.162 E F1(body)2.662 E F0 .162(of the function is the compound) +2.662 F(command)144 290.4 Q F1(compound\255command)2.784 E F0(\(see) +3.354 E F3 .084(Compound Commands)2.584 F F0(abo)2.584 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.584(\). That).15 F .084(command is usually a)2.584 F F1(list)144 302.4 +Q F0 .044(of commands between { and }, b)2.544 F .044(ut may be an)-.2 F +2.544(yc)-.15 G .044(ommand listed under)-2.544 F F3 .044 +(Compound Commands)2.544 F F0(abo)144 314.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1 (compound\255command)6.671 E F0 1.671(is e)4.171 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.671 (cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F1(name)4.171 E F0 1.671 (is speci\214ed as the name of a simple)4.171 F 3.008(command. An)144 -213.6 R 3.009(yr)-.15 G .509(edirections \(see)-3.009 F/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)3.009 E F0(belo)2.759 E .509 +326.4 R 3.009(yr)-.15 G .509(edirections \(see)-3.009 F F2(REDIRECTION) +3.009 E F0(belo)2.759 E .509 (w\) speci\214ed when a function is de\214ned are)-.25 F .581 -(performed when the function is e)144 225.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.081 +(performed when the function is e)144 338.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.081 (cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)3.081 G .58 (it status of a function de\214nition is zero unless a).15 F .177(synta\ x error occurs or a readonly function with the same name already e)144 -237.6 R 2.678(xists. When)-.15 F -.15(exe)2.678 G .178(cuted, the).15 F --.15(ex)144 249.6 S .64(it status of a function is the e).15 F .64 +350.4 R 2.678(xists. When)-.15 F -.15(exe)2.678 G .178(cuted, the).15 F +-.15(ex)144 362.4 S .64(it status of a function is the e).15 F .64 (xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .64 -(cuted in the body).15 F 5.64(.\()-.65 G(See)-5.64 E F3(FUNC-)3.14 E -(TIONS)144 261.6 Q F0(belo)2.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G(\)).65 E/F4 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMENTS)72 278.4 Q F0 .982(In a non-interacti)108 -290.4 R 1.282 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .982(hell, or an interacti).15 F 1.282 --.15(ve s)-.25 H .982(hell in which the).15 F F2(interacti)3.482 E -.1 -(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .982(option to the)3.482 F F2(shopt)3.482 E -F0 -.2(bu)108 302.4 S .952(iltin is enabled \(see).2 F F3 .952(SHELL B) +(cuted in the body).15 F 5.64(.\()-.65 G(See)-5.64 E F2(FUNC-)3.14 E +(TIONS)144 374.4 Q F0(belo)2.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G(\)).65 E/F4 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMENTS)72 391.2 Q F0 .982(In a non-interacti)108 +403.2 R 1.282 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .982(hell, or an interacti).15 F 1.282 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H .982(hell in which the).15 F F3(interacti)3.482 E -.1 +(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .982(option to the)3.482 F F3(shopt)3.482 E +F0 -.2(bu)108 415.2 S .952(iltin is enabled \(see).2 F F2 .952(SHELL B) 3.452 F(UIL)-.09 E .952(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.202 E .952 -(w\), a w)-.25 F .952(ord be)-.1 F .952(ginning with)-.15 F F2(#)3.451 E +(w\), a w)-.25 F .952(ord be)-.1 F .952(ginning with)-.15 F F3(#)3.451 E F0 .951(causes that w)3.451 F(ord)-.1 E .604 -(and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored.)108 314.4 R +(and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored.)108 427.2 R .605(An interacti)5.605 F .905 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .605(hell without the) -.15 F F2(interacti)3.105 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_com-).1 E(ments)108 326.4 Q F0 +.15 F F3(interacti)3.105 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_com-).1 E(ments)108 439.2 Q F0 1.337(option enabled does not allo)3.837 F 3.837(wc)-.25 G 3.836 -(omments. The)-3.837 F F2(interacti)3.836 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E +(omments. The)-3.837 F F3(interacti)3.836 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 1.336(option is on by def)3.836 F 1.336(ault in)-.1 F(interacti)108 -338.4 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F4 -.11(QU)72 355.2 S -.438(OT) -.11 G(ING).438 E F1(Quoting)108 367.2 Q F0 .477(is used to remo)2.977 F +451.2 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F4 -.11(QU)72 468 S -.438(OT) +.11 G(ING).438 E F1(Quoting)108 480 Q F0 .477(is used to remo)2.977 F .777 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .477 (he special meaning of certain characters or w).15 F .477 (ords to the shell.)-.1 F .478(Quoting can be)5.478 F .185 (used to disable special treatment for special characters, to pre)108 -379.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .185(nt reserv).15 F .184(ed w)-.15 F .184 -(ords from being recognized as)-.1 F(such, and to pre)108 391.2 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(nt parameter e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E .288(Each of the)108 -408 R F1(metac)2.788 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .288 -(listed abo)2.788 F .588 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(DEFINITIONS) -2.788 E F0 .288(has special meaning to the shell and must be)2.538 F -(quoted if it is to represent itself.)108 420 Q 1.345 -(When the command history e)108 436.8 R 1.344(xpansion f)-.15 F 1.344 -(acilities are being used \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)3.844 E(OR)-.162 E 3.594 +492 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .185(nt reserv).15 F .184(ed w)-.15 F .184 +(ords from being recognized as)-.1 F(such, and to pre)108 504 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G(nt parameter e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E .288(Each of the)108 520.8 +R F1(metac)2.788 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .288(listed abo) +2.788 F .588 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(DEFINITIONS)2.788 E F0 .288 +(has special meaning to the shell and must be)2.538 F +(quoted if it is to represent itself.)108 532.8 Q 1.345 +(When the command history e)108 549.6 R 1.344(xpansion f)-.15 F 1.344 +(acilities are being used \(see)-.1 F F2(HIST)3.844 E(OR)-.162 E 3.594 (YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.594 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.594 E 1.344(w\), the) --.25 F F1(history e)108 448.8 Q(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)2.5 E 2.5 -(,u)-.4 G(sually)-2.5 E F2(!)2.5 E F0 2.5(,m)C(ust be quoted to pre)-2.5 +-.25 F F1(history e)108 561.6 Q(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)2.5 E 2.5 +(,u)-.4 G(sually)-2.5 E F3(!)2.5 E F0 2.5(,m)C(ust be quoted to pre)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt history e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E -(There are three quoting mechanisms: the)108 465.6 Q F1(escape c)2.5 E +(There are three quoting mechanisms: the)108 578.4 Q F1(escape c)2.5 E (har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 2.5(,s).73 G -(ingle quotes, and double quotes.)-2.5 E 2.974(An)108 482.4 S .474 -(on-quoted backslash \()-2.974 F F2(\\)A F0 2.974(\)i)C 2.974(st)-2.974 +(ingle quotes, and double quotes.)-2.5 E 2.974(An)108 595.2 S .474 +(on-quoted backslash \()-2.974 F F3(\\)A F0 2.974(\)i)C 2.974(st)-2.974 G(he)-2.974 E F1 .474(escape c)2.974 F(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 5.474 (.I).73 G 2.974(tp)-5.474 G(reserv)-2.974 E .474(es the literal v)-.15 F -.474(alue of the ne)-.25 F .475(xt character that)-.15 F(follo)108 494.4 +.474(alue of the ne)-.25 F .475(xt character that)-.15 F(follo)108 607.2 Q 1.554(ws, with the e)-.25 F 1.553(xception of <ne)-.15 F 4.053 -(wline>. If)-.25 F(a)4.053 E F2(\\)4.053 E F0(<ne)A 1.553 +(wline>. If)-.25 F(a)4.053 E F3(\\)4.053 E F0(<ne)A 1.553 (wline> pair appears, and the backslash is not itself)-.25 F 1.122 -(quoted, the)108 506.4 R F2(\\)3.622 E F0(<ne)A 1.122 +(quoted, the)108 619.2 R F3(\\)3.622 E F0(<ne)A 1.122 (wline> is treated as a line continuation \(that is, it is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.622(df).15 G 1.123(rom the input stream and)-3.622 F -(ef)108 518.4 Q(fecti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly ignored\).).15 E .295 -(Enclosing characters in single quotes preserv)108 535.2 R .295 +(ef)108 631.2 Q(fecti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly ignored\).).15 E .295 +(Enclosing characters in single quotes preserv)108 648 R .295 (es the literal v)-.15 F .295(alue of each character within the quotes.) -.25 F 2.795(As)5.295 G(in-)-2.795 E -(gle quote may not occur between single quotes, e)108 547.2 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.5(nw).15 G(hen preceded by a backslash.)-2.5 E .033 -(Enclosing characters in double quotes preserv)108 564 R .034 +(gle quote may not occur between single quotes, e)108 660 Q -.15(ve)-.25 +G 2.5(nw).15 G(hen preceded by a backslash.)-2.5 E .033 +(Enclosing characters in double quotes preserv)108 676.8 R .034 (es the literal v)-.15 F .034 (alue of all characters within the quotes, with the)-.25 F -.15(ex)108 -576 S .828(ception of).15 F F2($)3.328 E F0(,)A F2<92>3.328 E F0(,)A F2 -(\\)3.328 E F0 3.328(,a)C .828(nd, when history e)-3.328 F .828 -(xpansion is enabled,)-.15 F F2(!)3.328 E F0 5.828(.T)C .828 -(he characters)-5.828 F F2($)3.328 E F0(and)3.328 E F2<92>3.328 E F0 +688.8 S .828(ception of).15 F F3($)3.328 E F0(,)A F3<92>3.328 E F0(,)A +F3(\\)3.328 E F0 3.328(,a)C .828(nd, when history e)-3.328 F .828 +(xpansion is enabled,)-.15 F F3(!)3.328 E F0 5.828(.T)C .828 +(he characters)-5.828 F F3($)3.328 E F0(and)3.328 E F3<92>3.328 E F0 .827(retain their special)3.328 F .074(meaning within double quotes.)108 -588 R .074(The backslash retains its special meaning only when follo) -5.074 F .075(wed by one of the)-.25 F(follo)108 600 Q .205 -(wing characters:)-.25 F F2($)2.705 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.705 E F0(,)A F2(") -3.538 E F0(,).833 E F2(\\)2.705 E F0 2.705(,o)C(r)-2.705 E F2(<newline>) +700.8 R .074(The backslash retains its special meaning only when follo) +5.074 F .075(wed by one of the)-.25 F(follo)108 712.8 Q .205 +(wing characters:)-.25 F F3($)2.705 E F0(,)A F3<92>2.705 E F0(,)A F3(") +3.538 E F0(,).833 E F3(\\)2.705 E F0 2.705(,o)C(r)-2.705 E F3(<newline>) 2.705 E F0 5.205(.A)C .204 (double quote may be quoted within double quotes by pre-)-2.5 F .081 -(ceding it with a backslash.)108 612 R .082(If enabled, history e)5.082 -F .082(xpansion will be performed unless an)-.15 F F2(!)2.582 E F0 .082 -(appearing in double)5.082 F(quotes is escaped using a backslash.)108 -624 Q(The backslash preceding the)5 E F2(!)2.5 E F0(is not remo)5 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E(The special parameters)108 640.8 Q F2(*)2.5 E F0 -(and)2.5 E F2(@)2.5 E F0(ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.2 H -(pecial meaning when in double quotes \(see).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G -(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E -.8(Wo)108 657.6 S .212 -(rds of the form).8 F F2($)2.712 E F0<08>A F1(string)A F0 2.712<0861>C -.211(re treated specially)-2.712 F 5.211(.T)-.65 G .211(he w)-5.211 F -.211(ord e)-.1 F .211(xpands to)-.15 F F1(string)2.711 E F0 2.711(,w)C -.211(ith backslash-escaped char)-2.711 F(-)-.2 E .604 -(acters replaced as speci\214ed by the ANSI C standard.)108 669.6 R .605 -(Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded)5.605 F(as follo) -108 681.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F2(\\a)144 693.6 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F2 -(\\b)144 705.6 Q F0(backspace)27.66 E F2(\\e)144 717.6 Q F0 -(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(7)190.955 E 0 Cg EP +(ceding it with a backslash.)108 724.8 R .082(If enabled, history e) +5.082 F .082(xpansion will be performed unless an)-.15 F F3(!)2.582 E F0 +.082(appearing in double)5.082 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28) +135.965 E(7)190.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 8 8 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\E)144 84 Q F0(an escape character)26.55 E -F1(\\f)144 96 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F1(\\n)144 108 Q F0(ne)27.66 E 2.5 -(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 120 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1 -(\\t)144 132 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1(\\v)144 144 Q F0 -.15(ve) -28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 156 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1<5c08> -144 168 Q F0(single quote)30.44 E F1(\\")144 180 Q F0(double quote)27.67 -E F1(\\)144 192 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 -(the eight-bit character whose v)18.22 E(alue is the octal v)-.25 E -(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 -204 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E(alue is the he) --.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E -2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\c)144 216 Q F2(x)A -F0 2.5(ac)24.34 G(ontrol-)-2.5 E F2(x)A F0(character)2.5 E(The e)108 -232.8 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309.6 Q F3(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E +(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F3(HH)2.5 E F0 +(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1 +(\\u)144 321.6 Q F3(HHHH)A F0 1.507 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 333.6 R 1.506 +(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F3(HHHH) +4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 345.6 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 357.6 Q F3(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 369.6 R .547 +(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F3(HHHHH-) +3.048 E(HHH)180 381.6 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G +(igits\))-2.5 E F1(\\c)144 393.6 Q F3(x)A F0 2.5(ac)24.34 G(ontrol-)-2.5 +E F3(x)A F0(character)2.5 E(The e)108 410.4 Q(xpanded result is single-\ +quoted, as if the dollar sign had not been present.)-.15 E 2.64(Ad)108 +427.2 S .14(ouble-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign \()-2.64 F F1 +($)A F0(")A 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It)-.25 F .843(can be a)3.343 F F2(name)3.342 E F0 3.342 +F(lated and replaced, the replacement is double-quoted.)108 451.2 Q/F4 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -.81(PA)72 468 S(RAMETERS).81 E F0(A)108 480 Q F3 +(par)4.593 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .843(is an entity that stores v)4.073 F +3.343(alues. It)-.25 F .843(can be a)3.343 F F3(name)3.342 E F0 3.342 (,an).18 G(umber)-3.342 E 3.342(,o)-.4 G 3.342(ro)-3.342 G .842 -(ne of the special characters)-3.342 F .822(listed belo)108 314.4 R -3.323(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.323 E F1 .823(Special P)3.323 F(arameters)-.1 E -F0 5.823(.A)C F2(variable)-2.21 E F0 .823(is a parameter denoted by a) -3.503 F F2(name)3.323 E F0 5.823(.A).18 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .823 -(riable has a).25 F F2(value)108 326.4 Q F0 .369(and zero or more)2.869 -F F2(attrib)2.869 E(utes)-.2 E F0 5.369(.A)C(ttrib)-5.369 E .369 +(ne of the special characters)-3.342 F .822(listed belo)108 492 R 3.323 +(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.323 E F1 .823(Special P)3.323 F(arameters)-.1 E F0 +5.823(.A)C F3(variable)-2.21 E F0 .823(is a parameter denoted by a)3.503 +F F3(name)3.323 E F0 5.823(.A).18 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .823(riable has a).25 +F F3(value)108 504 Q F0 .369(and zero or more)2.869 F F3(attrib)2.869 E +(utes)-.2 E F0 5.369(.A)C(ttrib)-5.369 E .369 (utes are assigned using the)-.2 F F1(declar)2.868 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) 2.868 G .368(iltin command \(see).2 F F1(declar)2.868 E(e)-.18 E F0 -(belo)108 338.4 Q 2.5(wi)-.25 G(n)-2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B) -2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F0 -2.754(Ap)108 355.2 S .254(arameter is set if it has been assigned a v) --2.754 F 2.754(alue. 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The)-.25 F .254(null string is a v)2.754 F .255(alid v)-.25 F +2.755(alue. Once)-.25 F 2.755(av)2.755 G .255(ariable is set, it)-3.005 +F(may be unset only by using the)108 544.8 Q F1(unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F2(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(A)108 561.6 Q F3(variable)2.79 E F0 +(may be assigned to by a statement of the form)2.68 E F3(name)144 578.4 +Q F0(=[)A F3(value)A F0(])A(If)108 595.2 Q F3(value)3.023 E F0 .233 +(is not gi)2.913 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .233(n, the v).15 F .232 +(ariable is assigned the null string.)-.25 F(All)5.232 E F3(values)3.022 +E F0(under)3.002 E .232(go tilde e)-.18 F .232(xpansion, parameter)-.15 +F .515(and v)108 607.2 R .515(ariable e)-.25 F .515 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .515 (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.015(l\().25 G(see) --3.015 E F4(EXP)3.015 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)108 441.6 Q 2.699 +-3.015 E F2(EXP)3.015 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)108 619.2 Q 2.699 (w\). If)-.25 F .199(the v)2.699 F .199(ariable has its)-.25 F F1 -(integer)2.698 E F0(attrib)2.698 E .198(ute set, then)-.2 F F2(value) +(integer)2.698 E F0(attrib)2.698 E .198(ute set, then)-.2 F F3(value) 2.988 E F0 .198(is e)2.878 F -.25(va)-.25 G .198 (luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .198(xpression e)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n).15 E .901(if the $\(\(...\)\) e)108 453.6 R .901 +(n).15 E .901(if the $\(\(...\)\) e)108 631.2 R .901 (xpansion is not used \(see)-.15 F F1 .901(Arithmetic Expansion)3.401 F F0(belo)3.401 E 3.402(w\). W)-.25 F .902 -(ord splitting is not performed,)-.8 F 1.179(with the e)108 465.6 R +(ord splitting is not performed,)-.8 F 1.179(with the e)108 643.2 R 1.179(xception of)-.15 F F1("$@")3.679 E F0 1.179(as e)3.679 F 1.179 (xplained belo)-.15 F 3.679(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.679 E F1 1.178(Special P) 3.678 F(arameters)-.1 E F0 6.178(.P)C 1.178(athname e)-6.328 F 1.178 -(xpansion is not)-.15 F 3.648(performed. Assignment)108 477.6 R 1.148 +(xpansion is not)-.15 F 3.648(performed. Assignment)108 655.2 R 1.148 (statements may also appear as ar)3.648 F 1.149(guments to the)-.18 F F1 (alias)3.649 E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.649 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(typeset)3.649 -E F0(,)A F1(export)3.649 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)108 489.6 S(adonly).18 E F0 +E F0(,)A F1(export)3.649 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)108 667.2 S(adonly).18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1(local)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin commands.).2 E -.377(In the conte)108 506.4 R .377 +.377(In the conte)108 684 R .377 (xt where an assignment statement is assigning a v)-.15 F .376 (alue to a shell v)-.25 F .376(ariable or array inde)-.25 F .376 (x, the +=)-.15 F .257 -(operator can be used to append to or add to the v)108 518.4 R(ariable') +(operator can be used to append to or add to the v)108 696 R(ariable') -.25 E 2.757(sp)-.55 G(re)-2.757 E .257(vious v)-.25 F 2.757(alue. When) --.25 F .257(+= is applied to a v)2.757 F(ariable)-.25 E .373 -(for which the inte)108 530.4 R .373(ger attrib)-.15 F .372 -(ute has been set,)-.2 F F2(value)2.872 E F0 .372(is e)2.872 F -.25(va) --.25 G .372(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .372 -(xpression and added to the)-.15 F -.25(va)108 542.4 S(riable').25 E -2.888(sc)-.55 G .388(urrent v)-2.888 F .388(alue, which is also e)-.25 F --.25(va)-.25 G 2.889(luated. When).25 F .389 -(+= is applied to an array v)2.889 F .389(ariable using compound)-.25 F -.186(assignment \(see)108 554.4 R F1(Arrays)2.686 E F0(belo)2.686 E .186 -(w\), the v)-.25 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.685(sv)-.55 G .185 -(alue is not unset \(as it is when using =\), and ne)-2.935 F 2.685(wv) --.25 G .185(alues are)-2.935 F 1.384(appended to the array be)108 566.4 +-.25 F .257(+= is applied to a v)2.757 F(ariable)-.25 E .361 +(for which the)108 708 R F3(inte)2.861 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib) +2.861 E .361(ute has been set,)-.2 F F3(value)2.861 E F0 .361(is e)2.861 +F -.25(va)-.25 G .36(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .36 +(xpression and added to the)-.15 F -.25(va)108 720 S(riable').25 E 2.888 +(sc)-.55 G .388(urrent v)-2.888 F .388(alue, which is also e)-.25 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G 2.889(luated. When).25 F .389(+= is applied to an array v) +2.889 F .389(ariable using compound)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(8)190.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 9 9 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E .186(assignment \(see)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Arrays)2.686 +E F0(belo)2.686 E .186(w\), the v)-.25 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.685(sv)-.55 G +.185(alue is not unset \(as it is when using =\), and ne)-2.935 F 2.685 +(wv)-.25 G .185(alues are)-2.935 F 1.384(appended to the array be)108 96 R 1.384(ginning at one greater than the array')-.15 F 3.885(sm)-.55 G 1.385(aximum inde)-3.885 F 3.885(x\()-.15 G 1.385(for inde)-3.885 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 3.885(da).15 G 1.385(rrays\) or)-3.885 F .123 -(added as additional k)108 578.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G<ad76>.15 E .123 +(added as additional k)108 108 R -.15(ey)-.1 G<ad76>.15 E .123 (alue pairs in an associati)-.25 F .423 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 5.123(.W)-.65 G .122(hen applied to a string-v)-5.123 F .122(alued v) --.25 F(ariable,)-.25 E F2(value)2.622 E F0(is e)108 590.4 Q -(xpanded and appended to the v)-.15 E(ariable')-.25 E 2.5(sv)-.55 G -(alue.)-2.75 E F1 -.2(Po)87 607.2 S(sitional P).2 E(arameters)-.1 E F0 -(A)108 619.2 Q F2 .705(positional par)4.455 F(ameter)-.15 E F0 .706(is \ +-.25 F(ariable,)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(value)2.622 E F0(is e)108 +120 Q(xpanded and appended to the v)-.15 E(ariable')-.25 E 2.5(sv)-.55 G +(alue.)-2.75 E F1 -.2(Po)87 136.8 S(sitional P).2 E(arameters)-.1 E F0 +(A)108 148.8 Q F2 .705(positional par)4.455 F(ameter)-.15 E F0 .706(is \ a parameter denoted by one or more digits, other than the single digit \ 0.)3.935 F(Posi-)5.706 E .445 -(tional parameters are assigned from the shell')108 631.2 R 2.944(sa) +(tional parameters are assigned from the shell')108 160.8 R 2.944(sa) -.55 G -.18(rg)-2.944 G .444(uments when it is in).18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G .444(d, and may be reassigned using).1 F(the)108 643.2 Q F1 +(ke).2 G .444(d, and may be reassigned using).1 F(the)108 172.8 Q F1 (set)3.333 E F0 -.2(bu)3.333 G .833(iltin command.).2 F .834(Positional\ parameters may not be assigned to with assignment statements.)5.833 F (The)5.834 E .334(positional parameters are temporarily replaced when a\ - shell function is e)108 655.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .333(cuted \(see).15 F -F4(FUNCTIONS)2.833 E F0(belo)2.583 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.403(When a positiona\ -l parameter consisting of more than a single digit is e)108 672 R 1.404 -(xpanded, it must be enclosed in)-.15 F(braces \(see)108 684 Q F4(EXP) -2.5 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(Special P)87 700.8 Q -(arameters)-.1 E F0 1.675(The shell treats se)108 712.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -1.675(ral parameters specially).15 F 6.675(.T)-.65 G 1.674 + shell function is e)108 184.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .333(cuted \(see).15 F +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)2.833 E F0(belo)2.583 E(w\).)-.25 E +1.403(When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single digi\ +t is e)108 201.6 R 1.404(xpanded, it must be enclosed in)-.15 F +(braces \(see)108 213.6 Q F3(EXP)2.5 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E +(w\).)-.25 E F1(Special P)87 230.4 Q(arameters)-.1 E F0 1.675 +(The shell treats se)108 242.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.675 +(ral parameters specially).15 F 6.675(.T)-.65 G 1.674 (hese parameters may only be referenced; assignment to)-6.675 F -(them is not allo)108 724.8 Q(wed.)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q -(2009 December 29)135.965 E(8)190.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 9 9 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(*)108 84 Q F0 .605 +(them is not allo)108 254.4 Q(wed.)-.25 E F1(*)108 266.4 Q F0 .605 (Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)31 F .606 (When the e)5.605 F .606(xpansion occurs within dou-)-.15 F .084 -(ble quotes, it e)144 96 R .084(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .084 +(ble quotes, it e)144 278.4 R .084(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .084 (ord with the v)-.1 F .084 (alue of each parameter separated by the \214rst char)-.25 F(-)-.2 E -.003(acter of the)144 108 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.503 E F0 .003 -(special v)2.253 F 2.503(ariable. That)-.25 F .003(is, ")2.503 F F1($*)A -F0 2.503("i)C 2.503(se)-2.503 G(qui)-2.503 E -.25(va)-.25 G .003 -(lent to ").25 F F1($1)A/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(c)A F1($2)A F3(c)A F1 -(...)A F0 .003(", where)B F3(c)2.703 E F0 .004(is the \214rst char)2.813 -F(-)-.2 E .769(acter of the v)144 120 R .769(alue of the)-.25 F F2(IFS) -3.269 E F0 -.25(va)3.019 G 3.269(riable. If).25 F F2(IFS)3.268 E F0 .768 -(is unset, the parameters are separated by spaces.)3.018 F(If)5.768 E F2 -(IFS)144 132 Q F0(is null, the parameters are joined without interv)2.25 -E(ening separators.)-.15 E F1(@)108 144 Q F0 .605 +.003(acter of the)144 290.4 R F3(IFS)2.503 E F0 .003(special v)2.253 F +2.503(ariable. That)-.25 F .003(is, ")2.503 F F1($*)A F0 2.503("i)C +2.503(se)-2.503 G(qui)-2.503 E -.25(va)-.25 G .003(lent to ").25 F F1 +($1)A F2(c)A F1($2)A F2(c)A F1(...)A F0 .003(", where)B F2(c)2.703 E F0 +.004(is the \214rst char)2.813 F(-)-.2 E .769(acter of the v)144 302.4 R +.769(alue of the)-.25 F F3(IFS)3.269 E F0 -.25(va)3.019 G 3.269 +(riable. If).25 F F3(IFS)3.268 E F0 .768 +(is unset, the parameters are separated by spaces.)3.018 F(If)5.768 E F3 +(IFS)144 314.4 Q F0(is null, the parameters are joined without interv) +2.25 E(ening separators.)-.15 E F1(@)108 326.4 Q F0 .605 (Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)26.7 F .606 (When the e)5.605 F .606(xpansion occurs within dou-)-.15 F .114 -(ble quotes, each parameter e)144 156 R .114(xpands to a separate w)-.15 -F 2.614(ord. That)-.1 F .113(is, ")2.613 F F1($@)A F0 2.613("i)C 2.613 -(se)-2.613 G(qui)-2.613 E -.25(va)-.25 G .113(lent to ").25 F F1($1)A F0 -2.613("")C F1($2)-2.613 E F0 2.613(".)C(..)-2.613 E .134 -(If the double-quoted e)144 168 R .134(xpansion occurs within a w)-.15 F -.135(ord, the e)-.1 F .135(xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined) --.15 F .151(with the be)144 180 R .151(ginning part of the original w) --.15 F .151(ord, and the e)-.1 F .15 -(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with)-.15 F .337 -(the last part of the original w)144 192 R 2.837(ord. When)-.1 F .338 +(ble quotes, each parameter e)144 338.4 R .114(xpands to a separate w) +-.15 F 2.614(ord. That)-.1 F .113(is, ")2.613 F F1($@)A F0 2.613("i)C +2.613(se)-2.613 G(qui)-2.613 E -.25(va)-.25 G .113(lent to ").25 F F1 +($1)A F0 2.613("")C F1($2)-2.613 E F0 2.613(".)C(..)-2.613 E .134 +(If the double-quoted e)144 350.4 R .134(xpansion occurs within a w)-.15 +F .135(ord, the e)-.1 F .135 +(xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined)-.15 F .151(with the be)144 +362.4 R .151(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F .151(ord, and the e) +-.1 F .15(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with)-.15 F .337 +(the last part of the original w)144 374.4 R 2.837(ord. When)-.1 F .338 (there are no positional parameters, ")2.837 F F1($@)A F0 2.838("a)C(nd) -2.838 E F1($@)2.838 E F0 -.15(ex)2.838 G(pand).15 E -(to nothing \(i.e., the)144 204 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re remo)-2.5 E -.15(ve) --.15 G(d\).).15 E F1(#)108 216 Q F0 +(to nothing \(i.e., the)144 386.4 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re remo)-2.5 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G(d\).).15 E F1(#)108 398.4 Q F0 (Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.)31 E F1(?) -108 228 Q F0(Expands to the e)31 E(xit status of the most recently e) +108 410.4 Q F0(Expands to the e)31 E(xit status of the most recently e) -.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E(ground pipeline.)-.15 E F1<ad>108 -240 Q F0 .882 +422.4 Q F0 .882 (Expands to the current option \215ags as speci\214ed upon in)30.3 F -.2 (vo)-.4 G .881(cation, by the).2 F F1(set)3.381 E F0 -.2(bu)3.381 G .881 (iltin command, or).2 F(those set by the shell itself \(such as the)144 -252 Q F1<ad69>2.5 E F0(option\).)2.5 E F1($)108 264 Q F0 .214 +434.4 Q F1<ad69>2.5 E F0(option\).)2.5 E F1($)108 446.4 Q F0 .214 (Expands to the process ID of the shell.)31 F .214 (In a \(\) subshell, it e)5.214 F .214 (xpands to the process ID of the current)-.15 F -(shell, not the subshell.)144 276 Q F1(!)108 288 Q F0 +(shell, not the subshell.)144 458.4 Q F1(!)108 470.4 Q F0 (Expands to the process ID of the most recently e)32.67 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted background \(asynchronous\) command.).15 E F1(0)108 300 Q F0 +(cuted background \(asynchronous\) command.).15 E F1(0)108 482.4 Q F0 1.692(Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.)31 F 1.691 (This is set at shell initialization.)6.692 F(If)6.691 E F1(bash)4.191 E -F0(is)4.191 E(in)144 312 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.077(dw).1 G .577 +F0(is)4.191 E(in)144 494.4 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.077(dw).1 G .577 (ith a \214le of commands,)-3.077 F F1($0)3.077 E F0 .578 (is set to the name of that \214le.)3.077 F(If)5.578 E F1(bash)3.078 E F0 .578(is started with the)3.078 F F1<ad63>3.078 E F0 .369 -(option, then)144 324 R F1($0)2.869 E F0 .369(is set to the \214rst ar) -2.869 F .369(gument after the string to be e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .369 -(cuted, if one is present.).15 F(Other)5.368 E(-)-.2 E -(wise, it is set to the \214le name used to in)144 336 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G F1(bash)2.6 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(sg)-2.5 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-2.5 -H 2.5(nb).25 G 2.5(ya)-2.5 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument zero.).18 E F1(_)108 -348 Q F0 .054(At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to in) -31 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .255 -.1(ke t).2 H .055 -(he shell or shell script being e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .692 -(as passed in the en)144 360 R .692(vironment or ar)-.4 F .691 -(gument list.)-.18 F(Subsequently)5.691 E 3.191(,e)-.65 G .691 -(xpands to the last ar)-3.341 F .691(gument to the)-.18 F(pre)144 372 Q -.57(vious command, after e)-.25 F 3.07(xpansion. Also)-.15 F .571 -(set to the full pathname used to in)3.071 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .771 -.1(ke e) -.2 H .571(ach command).1 F -.15(exe)144 384 S 1.6 -(cuted and placed in the en).15 F 1.6(vironment e)-.4 F 1.6 +(option, then)144 506.4 R F1($0)2.869 E F0 .369 +(is set to the \214rst ar)2.869 F .369(gument after the string to be e) +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .369(cuted, if one is present.).15 F(Other)5.368 E +(-)-.2 E(wise, it is set to the \214le name used to in)144 518.4 Q -.2 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F1(bash)2.6 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(sg)-2.5 G -2.15 -.25 +(iv e)-2.5 H 2.5(nb).25 G 2.5(ya)-2.5 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument zero.).18 E +F1(_)108 530.4 Q F0 .054 +(At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to in)31 F -.2(vo) +-.4 G .255 -.1(ke t).2 H .055(he shell or shell script being e).1 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .692(as passed in the en)144 542.4 R .692 +(vironment or ar)-.4 F .691(gument list.)-.18 F(Subsequently)5.691 E +3.191(,e)-.65 G .691(xpands to the last ar)-3.341 F .691(gument to the) +-.18 F(pre)144 554.4 Q .57(vious command, after e)-.25 F 3.07 +(xpansion. Also)-.15 F .571(set to the full pathname used to in)3.071 F +-.2(vo)-.4 G .771 -.1(ke e).2 H .571(ach command).1 F -.15(exe)144 566.4 +S 1.6(cuted and placed in the en).15 F 1.6(vironment e)-.4 F 1.6 (xported to that command.)-.15 F 1.6(When checking mail, this)6.6 F (parameter holds the name of the mail \214le currently being check)144 -396 Q(ed.)-.1 E F1(Shell V)87 412.8 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0(The follo)108 -424.8 Q(wing v)-.25 E(ariables are set by the shell:)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA) -108 441.6 S(SH).3 E F0(Expands to the full \214le name used to in)9.07 E +578.4 Q(ed.)-.1 E F1(Shell V)87 595.2 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0(The follo)108 +607.2 Q(wing v)-.25 E(ariables are set by the shell:)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA) +108 624 S(SH).3 E F0(Expands to the full \214le name used to in)9.07 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 H(his instance of).1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A -F1 -.3(BA)108 453.6 S(SHOPTS).3 E F0 2.548(Ac)144 465.6 S .049 +F1 -.3(BA)108 636 S(SHOPTS).3 E F0 2.548(Ac)144 648 S .049 (olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-2.548 F .049(Each w) 5.049 F .049(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .049(alid ar)-.25 F .049 -(gument for the)-.18 F F1<ad73>2.549 E F0 1.398(option to the)144 477.6 -R F1(shopt)3.898 E F0 -.2(bu)3.898 G 1.398(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 +(gument for the)-.18 F F1<ad73>2.549 E F0 1.398(option to the)144 660 R +F1(shopt)3.898 E F0 -.2(bu)3.898 G 1.398(iltin command \(see).2 F F3 1.398(SHELL B)3.898 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.398(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) -3.648 E 3.898(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.898 E .476(appearing in)144 -489.6 R F2 -.27(BA)2.976 G(SHOPTS).27 E F0 .476(are those reported as) -2.726 F F3(on)3.206 E F0(by)3.217 E F1(shopt)2.977 E F0 5.477(.I)C 2.977 -(ft)-5.477 G .477(his v)-2.977 F .477(ariable is in the en)-.25 F -(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 501.6 Q F1(bash)3.142 E F0 .642(starts up, ea\ -ch shell option in the list will be enabled before reading an)3.142 F -3.141(ys)-.15 G .641(tartup \214les.)-3.141 F(This v)144 513.6 Q -(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1 -.3(BA)108 525.6 S(SHPID).3 E -F0 .36(Expands to the process id of the current)144 537.6 R F1(bash) -2.861 E F0 2.861(process. This)2.861 F(dif)2.861 E .361(fers from)-.25 F -F1($$)2.861 E F0 .361(under certain circum-)2.861 F -(stances, such as subshells that do not require)144 549.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 -E F0(to be re-initialized.)2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 561.6 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E -F0 1.195(An associati)144 573.6 R 1.495 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.195(rray v) -.15 F 1.195(ariable whose members correspond to the internal list of al\ -iases as main-)-.25 F .318(tained by the)144 585.6 R F1(alias)2.818 E F0 --.2(bu)2.818 G .318(iltin Elements added to this array appear in the al\ -ias list; unsetting array ele-).2 F(ments cause aliases to be remo)144 -597.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(df).15 G(rom the alias list.)-2.5 E F1 -.3 -(BA)108 609.6 S(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 .935(An array v)144 621.6 R .935 -(ariable whose v)-.25 F .934 -(alues are the number of parameters in each frame of the current)-.25 F -F1(bash)3.434 E F0 -.15(exe)144 633.6 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F -.535(The number of parameters to the current subroutine \(shell functio\ -n or script)5.535 F -.15(exe)144 645.6 S .142(cuted with).15 F F1(.) -2.642 E F0(or)2.642 E F1(sour)2.642 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.642(\)i)C 2.642(sa) --2.642 G 2.642(tt)-2.642 G .142(he top of the stack.)-2.642 F .141 -(When a subroutine is e)5.141 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .141 -(cuted, the number of).15 F 2.63(parameters passed is pushed onto)144 -657.6 R F2 -.27(BA)5.13 G(SH_ARGC).27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -2.63(The shell sets)7.13 F F2 -.27(BA)5.131 G(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 2.631 -(only when in)4.881 F -.15(ex)144 669.6 S(tended deb).15 E -(ugging mode \(see the description of the)-.2 E F1(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E -F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin belo).2 E -(w\))-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 681.6 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .98(An array v)144 -693.6 R .979(ariable containing all of the parameters in the current) --.25 F F1(bash)3.479 E F0 -.15(exe)3.479 G .979(cution call stack.).15 F -(The)5.979 E .275(\214nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at t\ -he top of the stack; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 705.6 R -1.424(call is at the bottom.)144 717.6 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e) -6.424 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.424 -(cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto).15 F F2 -.27(BA)144 -729.6 S(SH_ARGV).27 E F4(.)A F0 2.197(The shell sets)6.697 F F2 -.27(BA) -4.697 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 2.197(only when in e)4.447 F 2.197(xtended deb) --.15 F 2.197(ugging mode \(see the)-.2 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q -(2009 December 29)135.965 E(9)190.955 E 0 Cg EP +3.648 E 3.898(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.898 E .476(appearing in)144 672 +R F3 -.27(BA)2.976 G(SHOPTS).27 E F0 .476(are those reported as)2.726 F +F2(on)3.206 E F0(by)3.217 E F1(shopt)2.977 E F0 5.477(.I)C 2.977(ft) +-5.477 G .477(his v)-2.977 F .477(ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment) +-.4 E(when)144 684 Q F1(bash)3.142 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell opti\ +on in the list will be enabled before reading an)3.142 F 3.141(ys)-.15 G +.641(tartup \214les.)-3.141 F(This v)144 696 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 +E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(9)190.955 E +0 Cg EP %%Page: 10 10 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(description of the)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(extdeb)2.5 E -(ug)-.2 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin belo).2 E(w\))-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 96 S(SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .668 -(An associati)144 108 R .968 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .668(rray v).15 F .668(ar\ -iable whose members correspond to the internal hash table of commands) --.25 F .146(as maintained by the)144 120 R F1(hash)2.646 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.646 G 2.646(iltin. Elements).2 F .146 -(added to this array appear in the hash table; unsetting)2.646 F -(array elements cause commands to be remo)144 132 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5 -(df).15 G(rom the hash table.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 144 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E -F0 1.243(The command currently being e)144 156 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.3(BA)108 84 S(SHPID).3 E F0 .187 +(Expands to the process ID of the current)144 96 R F1(bash)2.687 E F0 +2.688(process. This)2.688 F(dif)2.688 E .188(fers from)-.25 F F1($$) +2.688 E F0 .188(under certain circum-)2.688 F +(stances, such as subshells that do not require)144 108 Q F1(bash)2.5 E +F0(to be re-initialized.)2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 120 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F0 +1.195(An associati)144 132 R 1.495 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.195(rray v).15 F +1.195(ariable whose members correspond to the internal list of aliases \ +as main-)-.25 F .024(tained by the)144 144 R F1(alias)2.524 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.524 G 2.524(iltin. Elements).2 F .024 +(added to this array appear in the alias list; unsetting array ele-) +2.524 F(ments cause aliases to be remo)144 156 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(df) +.15 G(rom the alias list.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 168 S(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 +.935(An array v)144 180 R .935(ariable whose v)-.25 F .934 +(alues are the number of parameters in each frame of the current)-.25 F +F1(bash)3.434 E F0 -.15(exe)144 192 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F .535 +(The number of parameters to the current subroutine \(shell function or\ + script)5.535 F -.15(exe)144 204 S .142(cuted with).15 F F1(.)2.642 E F0 +(or)2.642 E F1(sour)2.642 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.642(\)i)C 2.642(sa)-2.642 G +2.642(tt)-2.642 G .142(he top of the stack.)-2.642 F .141 +(When a subroutine is e)5.141 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .141 +(cuted, the number of).15 F 2.63(parameters passed is pushed onto)144 +216 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.13 G(SH_ARGC).27 E/F3 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 2.63(The shell sets)7.13 F F2 -.27(BA)5.131 G +(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 2.631(only when in)4.881 F -.15(ex)144 228 S +(tended deb).15 E(ugging mode \(see the description of the)-.2 E F1 +(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.5 G(iltin belo).2 E(w\))-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 240 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .98 +(An array v)144 252 R .979 +(ariable containing all of the parameters in the current)-.25 F F1(bash) +3.479 E F0 -.15(exe)3.479 G .979(cution call stack.).15 F(The)5.979 E +.275(\214nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at the top of the\ + stack; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 264 R 1.424 +(call is at the bottom.)144 276 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e)6.424 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.424(cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto).15 +F F2 -.27(BA)144 288 S(SH_ARGV).27 E F3(.)A F0 2.197(The shell sets) +6.697 F F2 -.27(BA)4.697 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 2.197(only when in e)4.447 F +2.197(xtended deb)-.15 F 2.197(ugging mode \(see the)-.2 F +(description of the)144 300 Q F1(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E F0(option to the) +2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin belo).2 E(w\))-.25 E F1 -.3 +(BA)108 312 S(SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .668(An associati)144 324 R .968 -.15 +(ve a)-.25 H .668(rray v).15 F .668(ariable whose members correspond to\ + the internal hash table of commands)-.25 F .146(as maintained by the) +144 336 R F1(hash)2.646 E F0 -.2(bu)2.646 G 2.646(iltin. Elements).2 F +.146(added to this array appear in the hash table; unsetting)2.646 F +(array elements cause commands to be remo)144 348 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5 +(df).15 G(rom the hash table.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 360 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E +F0 1.243(The command currently being e)144 372 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 (cuted or about to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.242 (cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.242(cuting a).15 F (command as the result of a trap, in which case it is the command e)144 -168 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)108 -180 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0(The command ar)144 192 Q +384 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)108 +396 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0(The command ar)144 408 Q (gument to the)-.18 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -(cation option.).2 E F1 -.3(BA)108 204 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 .034 -(An array v)144 216 R .034(ariable whose members are the line numbers i\ -n source \214les corresponding to each mem-)-.25 F 3.491(ber of)144 228 -R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCN)5.991 E(AME)-.18 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) -A F1(${B)7.991 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F1(]})A -F0 3.491(is the line number in the source \214le where)5.991 F F1 -(${FUNCN)144 240 Q(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)3.311 G 3.311 -(sc).1 G .811(alled \(or)-3.311 F F1(${B)3.311 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F4 -($i-1)A F1(]})A F0 .811(if referenced within another shell)3.311 F 4.987 -(function\). The)144 252 R 2.487(corresponding source \214le name is) -4.987 F F1(${B)4.986 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0 7.486(.U)C -(se)-7.486 E F2(LINENO)4.986 E F0(to)4.736 E -(obtain the current line number)144 264 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -.3(BA)108 276 S -(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .005(An array v)144 288 R .005 -(ariable whose members are assigned by the)-.25 F F1(=~)2.506 E F0 .006 -(binary operator to the)2.506 F F1([[)2.506 E F0 .006(conditional com-) -2.506 F 2.507(mand. The)144 300 R .007(element with inde)2.507 F 2.507 -(x0i)-.15 G 2.507(st)-2.507 G .007 +(cation option.).2 E F1 -.3(BA)108 420 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 .692 +(An array v)144 432 R .692(ariable whose members are the line numbers i\ +n source \214les where each corresponding)-.25 F .97(member of)144 444 R +F2(FUNCN)3.47 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.1(wa)3.22 G 3.47(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o) +-3.47 H -.1(ke).4 G(d.).1 E F1(${B)5.969 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E/F4 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F1(]})A F0 .969 +(is the line number in the source)3.469 F 14.671(\214le \()144 456 R F1 +(${B)A(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 17.171(\)w)C(here)-17.171 +E F1(${FUNCN)17.172 E(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)17.172 G +17.172(sc).1 G 14.672(alled \(or)-17.172 F F1(${B)144 468 Q(ASH_LINENO[) +-.3 E F4($i-1)A F1(]})A F0 .115 +(if referenced within another shell function\).)2.615 F(Use)5.115 E F2 +(LINENO)2.615 E F0 .115(to obtain the)2.365 F(current line number)144 +480 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -.3(BA)108 492 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .005 +(An array v)144 504 R .005(ariable whose members are assigned by the) +-.25 F F1(=~)2.506 E F0 .006(binary operator to the)2.506 F F1([[)2.506 +E F0 .006(conditional com-)2.506 F 2.507(mand. The)144 516 R .007 +(element with inde)2.507 F 2.507(x0i)-.15 G 2.507(st)-2.507 G .007 (he portion of the string matching the entire re)-2.507 F .006(gular e) --.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .997(The element with inde)144 312 R(x)-.15 E +-.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .997(The element with inde)144 528 R(x)-.15 E F4(n)3.497 E F0 .997(is the portion of the string matching the)3.497 F F4(n)3.498 E F0 .998(th parenthesized sube)B(xpres-)-.15 E 2.5 -(sion. This)144 324 R -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is read-only).25 E(.)-.65 E -F1 -.3(BA)108 336 S(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .89(An array v)144 348 R .889(ari\ -able whose members are the source \214lenames corresponding to the elem\ -ents in the)-.25 F F2(FUNCN)144 360 Q(AME)-.18 E F0(array v)2.25 E -(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 372 S(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 .401 -(Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell en)144 384 R .401 -(vironment is spa)-.4 F 2.902(wned. The)-.15 F .402(initial v)2.902 F -.402(alue is)-.25 F(0.)144 396 Q F1 -.3(BA)108 408 S(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F0 -2.645(Ar)144 420 S .145(eadonly array v)-2.645 F .144 +(sion. This)144 540 R -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is read-only).25 E(.)-.65 E +F1 -.3(BA)108 552 S(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .126(An array v)144 564 R .125(ar\ +iable whose members are the source \214lenames where the corresponding \ +shell function)-.25 F .78(names in the)144 576 R F2(FUNCN)3.28 E(AME) +-.18 E F0 .78(array v)3.03 F .78(ariable are de\214ned.)-.25 F .78 +(The shell function)5.78 F F1(${FUNCN)3.281 E(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F1(]})A +F0(is)3.281 E(de\214ned in the \214le)144 588 Q F1(${B)2.5 E +(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0(and called from)2.5 E F1(${B)2.5 E +(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i+1)A F1(]})A F0(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 600 S +(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 .402 +(Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell en)144 612 R .401 +(vironment is spa)-.4 F 2.901(wned. The)-.15 F .401(initial v)2.901 F +.401(alue is)-.25 F(0.)144 624 Q F1 -.3(BA)108 636 S(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F0 +2.644(Ar)144 648 S .144(eadonly array v)-2.644 F .144 (ariable whose members hold v)-.25 F .144 -(ersion information for this instance of)-.15 F F1(bash)2.644 E F0 5.144 -(.T)C(he)-5.144 E -.25(va)144 432 S +(ersion information for this instance of)-.15 F F1(bash)2.645 E F0 5.145 +(.T)C(he)-5.145 E -.25(va)144 660 S (lues assigned to the array members are as follo).25 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 -.3 -(BA)144 450 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(0)A F1(])A F0(The major v)24.74 E +(BA)144 678 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(0)A F1(])A F0(The major v)24.74 E (ersion number \(the)-.15 E F4 -.37(re)2.5 G(lease).37 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3 -(BA)144 462 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(1)A F1(])A F0(The minor v)24.74 E +(BA)144 690 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(1)A F1(])A F0(The minor v)24.74 E (ersion number \(the)-.15 E F4(ver)2.5 E(sion)-.1 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA) -144 474 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(2)A F1(])A F0(The patch le)24.74 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 486 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(3)A F1(])A -F0(The b)24.74 E(uild v)-.2 E(ersion.)-.15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 498 S -(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(4)A F1(])A F0(The release status \(e.g.,)24.74 E -F4(beta1)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA)144 510 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(5)A F1 -(])A F0(The v)24.74 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(MA)2.5 E(CHTYPE)-.495 E F3(.)A -F1 -.3(BA)108 526.8 S(SH_VERSION).3 E F0 -(Expands to a string describing the v)144 538.8 Q +144 702 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(2)A F1(])A F0(The patch le)24.74 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 714 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(3)A F1(])A +F0(The b)24.74 E(uild v)-.2 E(ersion.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(10)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 11 11 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.3(BA)144 84 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(4)A F1 +(])A F0(The release status \(e.g.,)24.74 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(beta1)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA)144 96 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(5)A F1(])A +F0(The v)24.74 E(alue of)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(MA)2.5 E(CHTYPE) +-.495 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 108 S(SH_VERSION).3 E F0 +(Expands to a string describing the v)144 120 Q (ersion of this instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(COMP_CW)108 -555.6 Q(ORD)-.1 E F0 .396(An inde)144 567.6 R 2.896(xi)-.15 G(nto)-2.896 -E F1(${COMP_W)2.896 E(ORDS})-.1 E F0 .396(of the w)2.896 F .396 -(ord containing the current cursor position.)-.1 F .397(This v)5.397 F -(ari-)-.25 E 1.181(able is a)144 579.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.181 +132 Q(ORD)-.1 E F0 .397(An inde)144 144 R 2.897(xi)-.15 G(nto)-2.897 E +F1(${COMP_W)2.896 E(ORDS})-.1 E F0 .396(of the w)2.896 F .396 +(ord containing the current cursor position.)-.1 F .396(This v)5.396 F +(ari-)-.25 E 1.18(able is a)144 156 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.181 (ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.681 -(db).1 G 3.681(yt)-3.681 G 1.18(he programmable completion f)-3.681 F -1.18(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)144 591.6 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 -E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_KEY)108 608.4 Q F0(The k)144 620.4 Q -.3 -.15(ey \()-.1 H(or \214nal k).15 E .3 -.15(ey o)-.1 H 2.5(fak).15 G -.3 -.15(ey s)-2.6 H(equence\) used to in).15 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t) -.2 H(he current completion function.).1 E F1(COMP_LINE)108 637.2 Q F0 -1.207(The current command line.)144 649.2 R 1.208(This v)6.208 F 1.208 +(db).1 G 3.681(yt)-3.681 G 1.181(he programmable completion f)-3.681 F +1.181(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)144 168 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E +F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_KEY)108 180 Q F0(The k)144 192 Q .3 +-.15(ey \()-.1 H(or \214nal k).15 E .3 -.15(ey o)-.1 H 2.5(fak).15 G .3 +-.15(ey s)-2.6 H(equence\) used to in).15 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 +H(he current completion function.).1 E F1(COMP_LINE)108 204 Q F0 1.208 +(The current command line.)144 216 R 1.208(This v)6.208 F 1.208 (ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.208 -(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 1.208(xternal com-)-.15 F -2.849(mands in)144 661.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.349(db).1 G 5.349 +(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 1.207(xternal com-)-.15 F +2.848(mands in)144 228 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.349(db).1 G 5.349 (yt)-5.349 G 2.849(he programmable completion f)-5.349 F 2.849 -(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.349 E 2.848(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F -F0(belo)144 673.2 Q(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_POINT)108 690 Q F0 .666 -(The inde)144 702 R 3.166(xo)-.15 G 3.166(ft)-3.166 G .666 -(he current cursor position relati)-3.166 F .966 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.166 +(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.349 E 2.849(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F +F0(belo)144 240 Q(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_POINT)108 252 Q F0 .667(The inde) +144 264 R 3.167(xo)-.15 G 3.167(ft)-3.167 G .666 +(he current cursor position relati)-3.167 F .966 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.166 (ot).15 G .666(he be)-3.166 F .666(ginning of the current command.)-.15 -F .667(If the)5.667 F .535 +F .666(If the)5.666 F .534 (current cursor position is at the end of the current command, the v)144 -714 R .534(alue of this v)-.25 F .534(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F1 -(${#COMP_LINE})144 726 Q F0 7.005(.T)C 2.005(his v)-7.005 F 2.005 -(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 2.006 -(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 2.006(xternal commands)-.15 -F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(10)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 11 11 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(in)144 84 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G -(he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acilities \(see)-.1 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E -(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_TYPE)108 100.8 Q F0 .042(Set to an inte)144 112.8 R -.042(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corresponding to the type of completion att\ -empted that caused a completion)-.25 F .337(function to be called:)144 -124.8 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.5(TA)2.837 G(B).5 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337 -(or normal completion,)-2.837 F F2(?)2.837 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337 -(or listing completions after successi)-2.837 F .638 -.15(ve t)-.25 H -(abs,).15 E F2(!)144 136.8 Q F0 4.092(,f)C 1.592(or listing alternati) --4.092 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.092(so).15 G 4.092(np)-4.092 G 1.592(artial w) --4.092 F 1.592(ord completion,)-.1 F F2(@)4.092 E F0 4.092(,t)C 4.092 -(ol)-4.092 G 1.592(ist completions if the w)-4.092 F 1.591(ord is not) --.1 F 1.552(unmodi\214ed, or)144 148.8 R F2(%)4.052 E F0 4.052(,f)C -1.552(or menu completion.)-4.052 F 1.552(This v)6.552 F 1.552 -(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.552 -(ilable only in shell functions and).25 F -.15(ex)144 160.8 S 2.929 +276 R .535(alue of this v)-.25 F .535(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F1 +(${#COMP_LINE})144 288 Q F0 7.006(.T)C 2.006(his v)-7.006 F 2.006 +(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 2.005 +(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 2.005(xternal commands)-.15 +F(in)144 300 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G +(he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_TYPE)108 +312 Q F0 .041(Set to an inte)144 324 R .041(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corr\ +esponding to the type of completion attempted that caused a completion) +-.25 F .338(function to be called:)144 336 R F2 -.5(TA)2.837 G(B).5 E F0 +2.837(,f)C .337(or normal completion,)-2.837 F F2(?)2.837 E F0 2.837(,f) +C .337(or listing completions after successi)-2.837 F .637 -.15(ve t) +-.25 H(abs,).15 E F2(!)144 348 Q F0 4.091(,f)C 1.591 +(or listing alternati)-4.091 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.092(so).15 G 4.092(np) +-4.092 G 1.592(artial w)-4.092 F 1.592(ord completion,)-.1 F F2(@)4.092 +E F0 4.092(,t)C 4.092(ol)-4.092 G 1.592(ist completions if the w)-4.092 +F 1.592(ord is not)-.1 F 1.553(unmodi\214ed, or)144 360 R F2(%)4.053 E +F0 4.052(,f)C 1.552(or menu completion.)-4.052 F 1.552(This v)6.552 F +1.552(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.552 +(ilable only in shell functions and).25 F -.15(ex)144 372 S 2.928 (ternal commands in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.429(db).1 G 5.429 (yt)-5.429 G 2.929(he programmable completion f)-5.429 F 2.929 -(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.428 E(ogrammable)-.18 E(Completion)144 -172.8 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_W)108 189.6 Q(ORDBREAKS)-.1 E -F0 1.335(The set of characters that the)144 201.6 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 G -(adline).18 E F0 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.336 -(ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.126(completion. If) -144 213.6 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)3.126 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 -(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.876 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.125(ni).15 G 3.125(fi)-3.125 G 3.125(ti)-3.125 G 3.125(ss)-3.125 G -(ubse-)-3.125 E(quently reset.)144 225.6 Q F1(COMP_W)108 242.4 Q(ORDS) --.1 E F0 .653(An array v)144 254.4 R .653(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 -(Arrays)3.153 E F0(belo)3.153 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F -.654(vidual w)-.25 F .654(ords in the current command)-.1 F 4.333 -(line. The)144 266.4 R 1.832(line is split into w)4.332 F 1.832(ords as) --.1 F F1 -.18(re)4.332 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(wo)4.332 G 1.832 -(uld split it, using).1 F F3(COMP_W)4.332 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0(as)4.082 -E .831(described abo)144 278.4 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.831(.T).15 G .831 -(his v)-5.831 F .831(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .832 -(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.332 -(db).1 G 3.332(yt)-3.332 G .832(he programmable)-3.332 F(completion f) -144 290.4 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 -E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(DIRST)108 307.2 Q -.55(AC)-.9 G(K).55 E -F0 2.26(An array v)144 319.2 R 2.26(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)4.76 -E F0(belo)4.76 E 2.26 +(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.429 E(ogrammable)-.18 E(Completion)144 +384 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_W)108 396 Q(ORDBREAKS)-.1 E F0 +1.336(The set of characters that the)144 408 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 G +(adline).18 E F0 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.335 +(ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.125(completion. If) +144 420 R F3(COMP_W)3.125 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.875 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.126(ni).15 G 3.126(fi)-3.126 G 3.126(ti)-3.126 G 3.126(ss)-3.126 G +(ubse-)-3.126 E(quently reset.)144 432 Q F1(COMP_W)108 444 Q(ORDS)-.1 E +F0 .654(An array v)144 456 R .654(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.154 E +F0(belo)3.154 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .653(vidual w) +-.25 F .653(ords in the current command)-.1 F 4.332(line. The)144 468 R +1.832(line is split into w)4.332 F 1.832(ords as)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)4.332 +G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(wo)4.332 G 1.832(uld split it, using).1 F F3 +(COMP_W)4.332 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0(as)4.083 E .832(described abo)144 +480 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.832(.T).15 G .832(his v)-5.832 F .832 +(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .831 +(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.331 +(db).1 G 3.331(yt)-3.331 G .831(he programmable)-3.331 F(completion f) +144 492 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E +F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 504 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .168(An array v) +144 516 R .168(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.668 E F0(belo)2.669 E +.169 +(w\) created to hold the \214le descriptors for output from and input) +-.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 528 Q F1(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses) +-.18 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(DIRST)108 540 Q -.55(AC) +-.9 G(K).55 E F0 2.26(An array v)144 552 R 2.26(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 +(Arrays)4.76 E F0(belo)4.76 E 2.26 (w\) containing the current contents of the directory stack.)-.25 F -1.094(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 331.2 R 3.594 +1.094(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 564 R 3.594 (ya)-.15 G 1.095(re displayed by the)-3.594 F F1(dirs)3.595 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.595 G 3.595(iltin. Assigning).2 F(to)3.595 E 1.432 -(members of this array v)144 343.2 R 1.432 +(members of this array v)144 576 R 1.432 (ariable may be used to modify directories already in the stack, b)-.25 -F 1.431(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)144 355.2 Q F0(and)2.746 E F1(popd)2.746 E +F 1.431(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)144 588 Q F0(and)2.746 E F1(popd)2.746 E F0 -.2(bu)2.746 G .246(iltins must be used to add and remo).2 F .546 -.15(ve d)-.15 H 2.746(irectories. Assignment).15 F .246(to this v)2.746 -F(ariable)-.25 E .351(will not change the current directory)144 367.2 R +F(ariable)-.25 E .351(will not change the current directory)144 600 R 5.35(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.35 E F3(DIRST)2.85 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 .35 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.6 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.85 -(ni).15 G(f)-2.85 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 379.2 Q F1(EUID)108 -396 Q F0 1.103(Expands to the ef)11 F(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 -.15(ve u)-.25 -H 1.103(ser ID of the current user).15 F 3.603(,i)-.4 G 1.103 +(ni).15 G(f)-2.85 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 612 Q F1(EUID)108 624 +Q F0 1.103(Expands to the ef)11 F(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 -.15(ve u)-.25 H +1.103(ser ID of the current user).15 F 3.603(,i)-.4 G 1.103 (nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.104(This v)6.103 F 1.104 -(ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 408 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 424.8 Q(AME) --.2 E F0 .479(An array v)144 436.8 R .479 +(ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 636 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 648 Q(AME) +-.2 E F0 .479(An array v)144 660 R .479 (ariable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the e) -.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .478(cution call stack.).15 F .276 -(The element with inde)144 448.8 R 2.776(x0i)-.15 G 2.776(st)-2.776 G -.276(he name of an)-2.776 F 2.777(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.777 E -.15(xe) --.15 G .277(cuting shell function.).15 F .277(The bottom-most)5.277 F -.25(element is)144 460.8 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.75 E F0 5.25(.T)C -.25(his v)-5.25 F .25(ariable e)-.25 F .25 -(xists only when a shell function is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.75 -(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to)2.75 E F3(FUNCN)144 472.8 Q(AME)-.18 E F0 -(ha)2.634 E .684 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.884(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.884 G .384 -(ect and return an error status.).25 F(If)5.385 E F3(FUNCN)2.885 E(AME) --.18 E F0 .385(is unset, it loses its special)2.635 F(properties, e)144 -484.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss) --2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(GR)108 501.6 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.229 -(An array v)144 513.6 R 1.228(ariable containing the list of groups of \ -which the current user is a member)-.25 F 6.228(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.228 -E .596(ments to)144 525.6 R F3(GR)3.096 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.847 E .897 --.15(ve n)-.2 H 3.097(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-3.097 G .597 -(ect and return an error status.).25 F(If)5.597 E F3(GR)3.097 E(OUPS) --.27 E F0 .597(is unset, it loses its spe-)2.847 F(cial properties, e) -144 537.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5 -(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(HISTCMD)108 554.4 Q F0 .356 -(The history number)144 566.4 R 2.856(,o)-.4 G 2.856(ri)-2.856 G(nde) --2.856 E 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356 -(he history list, of the current command.)-2.856 F(If)5.356 E F3 -(HISTCMD)2.855 E F0 .355(is unset, it)2.605 F -(loses its special properties, e)144 578.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G -2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -(HOSTN)108 595.2 Q(AME)-.2 E F0 -(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 607.2 Q F1 -(HOSTTYPE)108 624 Q F0 .222(Automatically set to a string that uniquely\ - describes the type of machine on which)144 636 R F1(bash)2.723 E F0 -.223(is e)2.723 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 648 R(def) -2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(LINENO)108 664.8 Q F0 1.408(Ea\ -ch time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a decimal n\ -umber representing the)144 676.8 R .078(current sequential line number \ -\(starting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 688.8 R .079 -(When not in a script or)5.078 F .307(function, the v)144 700.8 R .307 -(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.306 E -F3(LINENO)2.806 E F0 .306(is unset, it loses its)2.556 F -(special properties, e)144 712.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi) --2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E -(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(11)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(The element with inde)144 672 R 2.776(x0i)-.15 G 2.776(st)-2.776 G .276 +(he name of an)-2.776 F 2.777(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.777 E -.15(xe)-.15 +G .277(cuting shell function.).15 F .277(The bottom-most)5.277 F .385 +(element \(the one with the highest inde)144 684 R .384(x\) is)-.15 F/F5 +10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.884 E F0 5.384(.T)C .384(his v)-5.384 F .384 +(ariable e)-.25 F .384(xists only when a shell func-)-.15 F .034 +(tion is e)144 696 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.534(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to) +2.535 E F3(FUNCN)2.535 E(AME)-.18 E F0(ha)2.285 E .335 -.15(ve n)-.2 H +2.535(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.535 G .035(ect and return an error status.).25 +F(If)5.035 E F3(FUNC-)2.535 E -.18(NA)144 708 S(ME).18 E F0 +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) +-2.5 E 3.176(This v)144 726 R 3.176(ariable can be used with)-.25 F F1 +-.3(BA)5.675 G(SH_LINENO).3 E F0(and)5.675 E F1 -.3(BA)5.675 G +(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 8.175(.E)C 3.175(ach element of)-8.175 F +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(11)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 12 12 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(MA)108 84 Q(CHTYPE)-.55 E F0 .898(Automati\ -cally set to a string that fully describes the system type on which)144 -96 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .899(is e)3.398 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .899 -(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 108 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCN)144 84 Q(AME)-.2 E F0 .11 +(has corresponding elements in)2.61 F F1 -.3(BA)2.61 G(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 +(and)2.61 E F1 -.3(BA)2.61 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .11(to describe)2.61 F +10.057(the call stack.)144 96 R -.15(Fo)15.057 G 12.557(ri).15 G +(nstance,)-12.557 E F1(${FUNCN)12.557 E(AME[)-.2 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)12.557 G 12.557(sc).1 G 10.057 +(alled from the \214le)-12.557 F F1(${B)144 108 Q(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F2 +($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 1.091(at line number)3.591 F F1(${B)3.591 E +(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F2($i)A F1(]})A F0 6.091(.T)C(he)-6.091 E F1(caller) +3.591 E F0 -.2(bu)3.592 G 1.092(iltin displays).2 F +(the current call stack using this information.)144 120 Q F1(GR)108 132 +Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.229(An array v)144 144 R 1.228(ariable containing the\ + list of groups of which the current user is a member)-.25 F 6.228(.A) +-.55 G(ssign-)-6.228 E .596(ments to)144 156 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(GR) +3.096 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.847 E .897 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 3.097(oe).15 G +-.25(ff)-3.097 G .597(ect and return an error status.).25 F(If)5.597 E +F3(GR)3.097 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0 .597(is unset, it loses its spe-)2.847 F +(cial properties, e)144 168 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G +2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(HISTCMD)108 180 +Q F0 .356(The history number)144 192 R 2.856(,o)-.4 G 2.856(ri)-2.856 G +(nde)-2.856 E 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356 +(he history list, of the current command.)-2.856 F(If)5.356 E F3 +(HISTCMD)2.855 E F0 .355(is unset, it)2.605 F +(loses its special properties, e)144 204 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G +2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 +(HOSTN)108 216 Q(AME)-.2 E F0 +(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 228 Q F1 +(HOSTTYPE)108 240 Q F0 .222(Automatically set to a string that uniquely\ + describes the type of machine on which)144 252 R F1(bash)2.723 E F0 +.223(is e)2.723 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 264 R(def) +2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(LINENO)108 276 Q F0 1.408(Each\ + time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a decimal num\ +ber representing the)144 288 R .078(current sequential line number \(st\ +arting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 300 R .079 +(When not in a script or)5.078 F .307(function, the v)144 312 R .307 +(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.306 E +F3(LINENO)2.806 E F0 .306(is unset, it loses its)2.556 F +(special properties, e)144 324 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 +G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(MA)108 336 Q +(CHTYPE)-.55 E F0 .898(Automatically set to a string that fully describ\ +es the system type on which)144 348 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .899(is e)3.398 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .899(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 360 Q F2 (cpu-company-system)2.5 E F0 2.5(format. The)2.5 F(def)2.5 E -(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(OLDPWD)108 124.8 Q F0(The pre)144 -136.8 Q(vious w)-.25 E(orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E -F0(command.)2.5 E F1(OPT)108 153.6 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.627(The v)144 165.6 -R 1.627(alue of the last option ar)-.25 F 1.627(gument processed by the) --.18 F F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.626(iltin command \(see).2 -F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL)4.126 E -.09(BU)144 177.6 S(IL).09 E -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTIND)108 194.4 Q -F0 1.651(The inde)144 206.4 R 4.151(xo)-.15 G 4.151(ft)-4.151 G 1.651 -(he ne)-4.151 F 1.651(xt ar)-.15 F 1.652(gument to be processed by the) --.18 F F1(getopts)4.152 E F0 -.2(bu)4.152 G 1.652(iltin command \(see).2 -F F3(SHELL)4.152 E -.09(BU)144 218.4 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0 -(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OSTYPE)108 235.2 Q F0 .329(Automatically se\ -t to a string that describes the operating system on which)144 247.2 R -F1(bash)2.829 E F0 .329(is e)2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(cuting. The) -.15 F(def)144 259.2 Q(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 276 -Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US).95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 288 R .61(ariable \(see) --.25 F F1(Arrays)3.11 E F0(belo)3.11 E .61(w\) containing a list of e) --.25 F .61(xit status v)-.15 F .61(alues from the processes in)-.25 F -(the most-recently-e)144 300 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E +(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(MAPFILE)108 372 Q F0 .294 +(An array v)144 384 R .294(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.794 E F0 +(belo)2.794 E .294(w\) created to hold the te)-.25 F .293 +(xt read by the)-.15 F F1(map\214le)2.793 E F0 -.2(bu)2.793 G .293 +(iltin when no).2 F -.25(va)144 396 S(riable name is supplied.).25 E F1 +(OLDPWD)108 408 Q F0(The pre)144 420 Q(vious w)-.25 E +(orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 +(OPT)108 432 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.626(The v)144 444 R 1.627 +(alue of the last option ar)-.25 F 1.627(gument processed by the)-.18 F +F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.627(iltin command \(see).2 F F3 +(SHELL)4.127 E -.09(BU)144 456 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) +2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTIND)108 468 Q F0 1.652(The inde)144 480 R 4.152 +(xo)-.15 G 4.152(ft)-4.152 G 1.652(he ne)-4.152 F 1.652(xt ar)-.15 F +1.652(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.151 E F0 -.2(bu) +4.151 G 1.651(iltin command \(see).2 F F3(SHELL)4.151 E -.09(BU)144 492 +S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OSTYPE)108 +504 Q F0 .329(Automatically set to a string that describes the operatin\ +g system on which)144 516 R F1(bash)2.83 E F0 .33(is e)2.83 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G 2.83(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 528 Q(ault is system-dependent.) +-.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 540 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US).95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 +552 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.11 E F0(belo)3.11 E .61 +(w\) containing a list of e)-.25 F .61(xit status v)-.15 F .61 +(alues from the processes in)-.25 F(the most-recently-e)144 564 Q -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E (ground pipeline \(which may contain only a single command\).)-.15 E F1 -(PPID)108 316.8 Q F0(The process ID of the shell')12.67 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G +(PPID)108 576 Q F0(The process ID of the shell')12.67 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G 2.5(arent. This)-2.5 F -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is readonly).25 E(.)-.65 E -F1(PWD)108 333.6 Q F0(The current w)12.67 E +F1(PWD)108 588 Q F0(The current w)12.67 E (orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -(RANDOM)108 350.4 Q F0 .566 -(Each time this parameter is referenced, a random inte)144 362.4 R .565 -(ger between 0 and 32767 is generated.)-.15 F(The)5.565 E .01 -(sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a v)144 -374.4 R .01(alue to)-.25 F F3(RANDOM)2.51 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -(If)4.51 E F3(RANDOM)2.51 E F0(is)2.26 E -(unset, it loses its special properties, e)144 386.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G -(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(REPL)108 403.2 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 -(Set to the line of input read by the)144 415.2 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad) -.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command when no ar).2 E -(guments are supplied.)-.18 E F1(SECONDS)108 432 Q F0 .795(Each time th\ -is parameter is referenced, the number of seconds since shell in)144 444 -R -.2(vo)-.4 G .795(cation is returned.).2 F .712(If a v)144 456 R .712 -(alue is assigned to)-.25 F F3(SECONDS)3.212 E F4(,)A F0 .712(the v) -2.962 F .712(alue returned upon subsequent references is the number)-.25 -F .408(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 468 R .408 -(alue assigned.)-.25 F(If)5.408 E F3(SECONDS)2.908 E F0 .407 -(is unset, it loses its special)2.658 F(properties, e)144 480 Q -.15(ve) +(RANDOM)108 600 Q F0 .565 +(Each time this parameter is referenced, a random inte)144 612 R .566 +(ger between 0 and 32767 is generated.)-.15 F(The)5.566 E .01 +(sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a v)144 624 +R .01(alue to)-.25 F F3(RANDOM)2.51 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If) +4.51 E F3(RANDOM)2.51 E F0(is)2.26 E +(unset, it loses its special properties, e)144 636 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) +-2.5 E F1(READLINE_LINE)108 648 Q F0 1.546(The contents of the)144 660 R +F1 -.18(re)4.047 G(adline).18 E F0 1.547(line b)4.047 F(uf)-.2 E(fer) +-.25 E 4.047(,f)-.4 G 1.547(or use with)-4.047 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF +1.547(bind -x)4.047 F F0(\(see)4.047 E F3 1.547(SHELL B)4.047 F(UIL)-.09 +E 1.547(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)144 672 Q F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 +(READLINE_POINT)108 684 Q F0 .314 +(The position of the insertion point in the)144 696 R F1 -.18(re)2.813 G +(adline).18 E F0 .313(line b)2.813 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 2.813(,f)-.4 G +.313(or use with)-2.813 F F5 .313(bind -x)2.813 F F0(\(see)2.813 E F3 +(SHELL)2.813 E -.09(BU)144 708 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) +2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(12) +185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 13 13 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)108 84 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 +(Set to the line of input read by the)144 96 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E +F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command when no ar).2 E(guments are supplied.)-.18 +E F1(SECONDS)108 108 Q F0 .795(Each time this parameter is referenced, \ +the number of seconds since shell in)144 120 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .795 +(cation is returned.).2 F .713(If a v)144 132 R .712 +(alue is assigned to)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SECONDS)3.212 E/F3 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .712(the v)2.962 F .712 +(alue returned upon subsequent references is the number)-.25 F .407 +(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 144 R .408 +(alue assigned.)-.25 F(If)5.408 E F2(SECONDS)2.908 E F0 .408 +(is unset, it loses its special)2.658 F(properties, e)144 156 Q -.15(ve) -.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G -(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 496.8 Q F0 3.262(Ac)144 -508.8 S .763(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.262 F .763 -(Each w)5.763 F .763(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .763(alid ar)-.25 F -.763(gument for the)-.18 F F1<ad6f>144 520.8 Q F0 1.174(option to the) -3.674 F F1(set)3.674 E F0 -.2(bu)3.674 G 1.174(iltin command \(see).2 F -F3 1.173(SHELL B)3.673 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.173(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) -3.423 E 3.673(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.673 E .019(appearing in)144 -532.8 R F3(SHELLOPTS)2.519 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.269 F F2 -(on)2.749 E F0(by)2.759 E F1 .019(set \255o)2.519 F F0 5.019(.I)C 2.519 -(ft)-5.019 G .019(his v)-2.519 F .02(ariable is in the en)-.25 F -(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 544.8 Q F1(bash)3.142 E F0 .642(starts up, ea\ -ch shell option in the list will be enabled before reading an)3.142 F -3.141(ys)-.15 G .641(tartup \214les.)-3.141 F(This v)144 556.8 Q -(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(SHL)108 573.6 Q(VL)-.92 E F0 -(Incremented by one each time an instance of)144 585.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(is started.)2.5 E F1(UID)108 602.4 Q F0 +(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 168 Q F0 3.263(Ac)144 180 S +.763(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.263 F .763(Each w) +5.763 F .763(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .763(alid ar)-.25 F .763 +(gument for the)-.18 F F1<ad6f>144 192 Q F0 1.173(option to the)3.673 F +F1(set)3.673 E F0 -.2(bu)3.673 G 1.173(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 1.174 +(SHELL B)3.674 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.174(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.424 E +3.674(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.674 E .02(appearing in)144 204 R F2 +(SHELLOPTS)2.52 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.27 F/F4 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(on)2.749 E F0(by)2.759 E F1 .019(set \255o)2.519 F F0 +5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G .019(his v)-2.519 F .019 +(ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 216 Q F1(bash) +3.141 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in the list will be enable\ +d before reading an)3.141 F 3.142(ys)-.15 G .642(tartup \214les.)-3.142 +F(This v)144 228 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(SHL)108 240 Q +(VL)-.92 E F0(Incremented by one each time an instance of)144 252 Q F1 +(bash)2.5 E F0(is started.)2.5 E F1(UID)108 264 Q F0 (Expands to the user ID of the current user)17.67 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G (nitialized at shell startup.)-2.5 E(This v)5 E(ariable is readonly)-.25 -E(.)-.65 E .993(The follo)108 619.2 R .993(wing v)-.25 F .994 +E(.)-.65 E .994(The follo)108 280.8 R .994(wing v)-.25 F .994 (ariables are used by the shell.)-.25 F .994(In some cases,)5.994 F F1 -(bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .994 -(alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 631.2 -Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -.3(BA)108 648 S(SH_ENV).3 E F0 .506 -(If this parameter is set when)144 660 R F1(bash)3.006 E F0 .506(is e) -3.006 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .505(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F .505 -(alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .354 -(containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 672 R F2 -(~/.bashr)2.855 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.355(.T).31 G .355(he v)-5.355 F .355 -(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.27(BA)2.855 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .355(is subjected) -2.605 F .525(to parameter e)144 684 R .525 +(bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .993 +(alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 292.8 +Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -.3(BA)108 309.6 S(SH_ENV).3 E F0 .505 +(If this parameter is set when)144 321.6 R F1(bash)3.005 E F0 .505(is e) +3.005 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .506(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F .506 +(alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .355 +(containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 333.6 R F4 +(~/.bashr)2.855 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.354(.T).31 G .354(he v)-5.354 F .354 +(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.27(BA)2.854 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .354(is subjected) +2.604 F .525(to parameter e)144 345.6 R .525 (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F .525 -(xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(as a \214le name.)144 696 Q F3 --.666(PA)5 G(TH)-.189 E F0 -(is not used to search for the resultant \214le name.)2.25 E -(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(12)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 13 13 +(xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(as a \214le name.)144 357.6 Q +F2 -.666(PA)5 G(TH)-.189 E F0 +(is not used to search for the resultant \214le name.)2.25 E F1 -.3(BA) +108 369.6 S(SH_XTRA).3 E(CEFD)-.55 E F0 .481(If set to an inte)144 381.6 +R .481(ger corresponding to a v)-.15 F .481(alid \214le descriptor)-.25 +F(,)-.4 E F1(bash)2.98 E F0 .48(will write the trace output gener)2.98 F +(-)-.2 E 3.114(ated when)144 393.6 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF 3.114(set -x) +5.614 F F0 3.114(is enabled to that \214le descriptor)5.614 F 8.114(.T) +-.55 G 3.114(he \214le descriptor is closed when)-8.114 F F2 -.27(BA)144 +405.6 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(is unset or assigned a ne) +2.388 F 2.638(wv)-.25 G 2.638(alue. Unsetting)-2.888 F F2 -.27(BA)2.638 +G(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(or assigning it)2.388 F 2.531(the \ +empty string causes the trace output to be sent to the standard error) +144 417.6 R 7.531(.N)-.55 G 2.531(ote that setting)-7.531 F F2 -.27(BA) +144 429.6 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .74(to 2 \(the standard error\ + \214le descriptor\) and then unsetting it will result in the)2.991 F +(standard error being closed.)144 441.6 Q F1(CDP)108 453.6 Q -.95(AT) +-.74 G(H).95 E F0 1.247(The search path for the)144 465.6 R F1(cd)3.747 +E F0 3.747(command. This)3.747 F 1.248 +(is a colon-separated list of directories in which the)3.747 F 3.796 +(shell looks for destination directories speci\214ed by the)144 477.6 R +F1(cd)6.295 E F0 6.295(command. A)6.295 F 3.795(sample v)6.295 F 3.795 +(alue is)-.25 F F5(".:~:/usr")144 489.6 Q F0(.)A F1(COLUMNS)108 501.6 Q +F0 .828(Used by the)144 513.6 R F1(select)3.328 E F0 .829(compound comm\ +and to determine the terminal width when printing selection)3.328 F 2.5 +(lists. Automatically)144 525.6 R(set upon receipt of a)2.5 E F2 +(SIGWINCH)2.5 E F3(.)A F1(COMPREPL)108 537.6 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 .848 +(An array v)144 549.6 R .848(ariable from which)-.25 F F1(bash)3.348 E +F0 .848(reads the possible completions generated by a shell function) +3.348 F(in)144 561.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 +G(he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acility \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(EMA)108 573.6 +Q(CS)-.55 E F0(If)144 585.6 Q F1(bash)2.535 E F0 .035(\214nds this v) +2.535 F .035(ariable in the en)-.25 F .036 +(vironment when the shell starts with v)-.4 F(alue)-.25 E F5(t)2.536 E +F0 2.536(,i)C 2.536(ta)-2.536 G .036(ssumes that the)-2.536 F +(shell is running in an Emacs shell b)144 597.6 Q(uf)-.2 E +(fer and disables line editing.)-.25 E F1(ENV)108 609.6 Q F0(Similar to) +14.89 E F2 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).27 E F3(;)A F0 +(used when the shell is in)2.25 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G +2.5(nP)-2.5 G(OSIX mode.)-2.5 E F1(FCEDIT)108 621.6 Q F0(The def)144 +633.6 Q(ault editor for the)-.1 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin command.).2 E F1(FIGNORE)108 645.6 Q F0 2.599(Ac)144 657.6 S .098 +(olon-separated list of suf)-2.599 F<8c78>-.25 E .098 +(es to ignore when performing \214lename completion \(see)-.15 F F2 +(READLINE)2.598 E F0(belo)144 669.6 Q 2.704(w\). A)-.25 F .204 +(\214lename whose suf)2.704 F .205(\214x matches one of the entries in) +-.25 F F2(FIGNORE)2.705 E F0 .205(is e)2.455 F .205 +(xcluded from the list)-.15 F(of matched \214lenames.)144 681.6 Q 2.5 +(As)5 G(ample v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E F5(".o:~")2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(FUNCNEST)108 693.6 Q F0 1.78(If set to a numeric v)144 705.6 R 1.78 +(alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting le)-.25 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 4.28(l. Function).15 F(in)144 717.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G +(cations that e).2 E(xceed this nesting le)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(lw) +.15 G(ill cause the current command to abort.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 +Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(13)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 14 14 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(CDP)108 84 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 -1.247(The search path for the)144 96 R F1(cd)3.747 E F0 3.747 -(command. This)3.747 F 1.248 -(is a colon-separated list of directories in which the)3.747 F 3.796 -(shell looks for destination directories speci\214ed by the)144 108 R F1 -(cd)6.295 E F0 6.295(command. A)6.295 F 3.795(sample v)6.295 F 3.795 -(alue is)-.25 F/F2 10/Courier@0 SF(".:~:/usr")144 120 Q F0(.)A F1 -.3 -(BA)108 132 S(SH_XTRA).3 E(CEFD)-.55 E F0 .48(If set to an inte)144 144 -R .48(ger corresponding to a v)-.15 F .481(alid \214le descriptor)-.25 F -(,)-.4 E F1(bash)2.981 E F0 .481(will write the trace output gener)2.981 -F(-)-.2 E 3.114(ated when)144 156 R F2 3.114(set -x)5.614 F F0 3.114 -(is enabled to that \214le descriptor)5.614 F 8.114(.T)-.55 G 3.114 -(he \214le descriptor is closed when)-8.114 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27 -(BA)144 168 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138 -(is unset or assigned a ne)2.388 F 2.638(wv)-.25 G 2.638 -(alue. Unsetting)-2.888 F F3 -.27(BA)2.638 G(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E -F0 .138(or assigning it)2.388 F 2.531(the empty string causes the trace\ - output to be sent to the standard error)144 180 R 7.53(.N)-.55 G 2.53 -(ote that setting)-7.53 F F3 -.27(BA)144 192 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 -E F0 .74(to 2 \(the standard error \214le descriptor\) and then unsetti\ -ng it will result in the)2.99 F(standard error being closed.)144 204 Q -F1(COLUMNS)108 216 Q F0 .425(Used by the)144 228 R F1(select)2.925 E F0 --.2(bu)2.925 G .425(iltin command to determine the terminal width when \ -printing selection lists.).2 F -(Automatically set upon receipt of a SIGWINCH.)144 240 Q F1(COMPREPL)108 -252 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 .847(An array v)144 264 R .848(ariable from which)-.25 -F F1(bash)3.348 E F0 .848 -(reads the possible completions generated by a shell function)3.348 F -(in)144 276 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G -(he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acility \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(EMA)108 288 Q -(CS)-.55 E F0(If)144 300 Q F1(bash)2.536 E F0 .036(\214nds this v)2.536 -F .036(ariable in the en)-.25 F .036 -(vironment when the shell starts with v)-.4 F(alue)-.25 E F2(t)2.535 E -F0 2.535(,i)C 2.535(ta)-2.535 G .035(ssumes that the)-2.535 F -(shell is running in an emacs shell b)144 312 Q(uf)-.2 E -(fer and disables line editing.)-.25 E F1(FCEDIT)108 324 Q F0(The def) -144 336 Q(ault editor for the)-.1 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin command.).2 E F1(FIGNORE)108 348 Q F0 2.598(Ac)144 360 S .098 -(olon-separated list of suf)-2.598 F<8c78>-.25 E .098 -(es to ignore when performing \214lename completion \(see)-.15 F F3 -(READLINE)2.599 E F0(belo)144 372 Q 2.705(w\). A)-.25 F .205 -(\214lename whose suf)2.705 F .205(\214x matches one of the entries in) --.25 F F3(FIGNORE)2.705 E F0 .205(is e)2.455 F .204 -(xcluded from the list)-.15 F(of matched \214lenames.)144 384 Q 2.5(As)5 -G(ample v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E F2(".o:~")2.5 E F0(.)A F1(GLOBIGNORE)108 -396 Q F0 3.118(Ac)144 408 S .618(olon-separated list of patterns de\214\ -ning the set of \214lenames to be ignored by pathname e)-3.118 F(xpan-) --.15 E 3.132(sion. If)144 420 R 3.132<618c>3.132 G .632 -(lename matched by a pathname e)-3.132 F .632 -(xpansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in)-.15 F F3 -(GLOBIGNORE)144 432 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(it is remo)2.25 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(df).15 G(rom the list of matches.)-2.5 E F1 -(HISTCONTR)108 444 Q(OL)-.3 E F0 2.653(Ac)144 456 S .153 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(GLOBIGNORE)108 84 Q F0 3.118(Ac)144 96 S +.618(olon-separated list of patterns de\214ning the set of \214lenames \ +to be ignored by pathname e)-3.118 F(xpan-)-.15 E 3.132(sion. If)144 108 +R 3.132<618c>3.132 G .632(lename matched by a pathname e)-3.132 F .632 +(xpansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in)-.15 F/F2 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(GLOBIGNORE)144 120 Q/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 +(it is remo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(df).15 G(rom the list of matches.) +-2.5 E F1(HISTCONTR)108 132 Q(OL)-.3 E F0 2.653(Ac)144 144 S .153 (olon-separated list of v)-2.653 F .153(alues controlling ho)-.25 F 2.653(wc)-.25 G .153(ommands are sa)-2.653 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.653(do).15 G 2.653(nt)-2.653 G .153(he history list.)-2.653 F .154(If the list) -5.153 F .491(of v)144 468 R .491(alues includes)-.25 F/F5 10 +5.153 F .491(of v)144 156 R .491(alues includes)-.25 F/F4 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(ignor)2.991 E(espace)-.37 E F0 2.991(,l).18 G .491 (ines which be)-2.991 F .491(gin with a)-.15 F F1(space)2.991 E F0 .49 (character are not sa)2.991 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.99(di).15 G 2.99(nt)-2.99 -G .49(he his-)-2.99 F .557(tory list.)144 480 R 3.057(Av)5.557 G .557 -(alue of)-3.307 F F5(ignor)3.067 E(edups)-.37 E F0 .557 +G .49(he his-)-2.99 F .557(tory list.)144 168 R 3.057(Av)5.557 G .557 +(alue of)-3.307 F F4(ignor)3.067 E(edups)-.37 E F0 .557 (causes lines matching the pre)3.327 F .558 (vious history entry to not be sa)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E 2.959 -(Av)144 492 S .459(alue of)-3.209 F F5(ignor)2.969 E(eboth)-.37 E F0 -.459(is shorthand for)3.239 F F5(ignor)2.959 E(espace)-.37 E F0(and) -2.959 E F5(ignor)2.958 E(edups)-.37 E F0 5.458(.A)C -.25(va)-2.5 G .458 -(lue of).25 F F5(er)2.958 E(asedups)-.15 E F0(causes)2.958 E .698 -(all pre)144 504 R .698 +(Av)144 180 S .459(alue of)-3.209 F F4(ignor)2.969 E(eboth)-.37 E F0 +.459(is shorthand for)3.239 F F4(ignor)2.959 E(espace)-.37 E F0(and) +2.959 E F4(ignor)2.958 E(edups)-.37 E F0 5.458(.A)C -.25(va)-2.5 G .458 +(lue of).25 F F4(er)2.958 E(asedups)-.15 E F0(causes)2.958 E .698 +(all pre)144 192 R .698 (vious lines matching the current line to be remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.198(df).15 G .699(rom the history list before that line is)-3.198 F -(sa)144 516 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.764(d. An).15 F 2.764(yv)-.15 G .264 +(sa)144 204 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.764(d. An).15 F 2.764(yv)-.15 G .264 (alue not in the abo)-3.014 F .563 -.15(ve l)-.15 H .263 -(ist is ignored.).15 F(If)5.263 E F3(HISTCONTR)2.763 E(OL)-.27 E F0 .263 -(is unset, or does not include)2.513 F 2.941(av)144 528 S .441(alid v) +(ist is ignored.).15 F(If)5.263 E F2(HISTCONTR)2.763 E(OL)-.27 E F0 .263 +(is unset, or does not include)2.513 F 2.941(av)144 216 S .441(alid v) -3.191 F .441(alue, all lines read by the shell parser are sa)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.942(do).15 G 2.942(nt)-2.942 G .442 -(he history list, subject to the v)-2.942 F .442(alue of)-.25 F F3 -(HISTIGNORE)144 540 Q F4(.)A F0 1.981(The second and subsequent lines o\ +(he history list, subject to the v)-2.942 F .442(alue of)-.25 F F2 +(HISTIGNORE)144 228 Q F3(.)A F0 1.981(The second and subsequent lines o\ f a multi-line compound command are not)6.482 F -(tested, and are added to the history re)144 552 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G -(rdless of the v).05 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTCONTR)2.5 E(OL)-.27 E F4(.) -A F1(HISTFILE)108 564 Q F0 .181 -(The name of the \214le in which command history is sa)144 576 R -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 2.681(d\().15 G(see)-2.681 E F3(HIST)2.681 E(OR)-.162 E(Y) +(tested, and are added to the history re)144 240 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G +(rdless of the v).05 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(HISTCONTR)2.5 E(OL)-.27 E F3(.) +A F1(HISTFILE)108 252 Q F0 .181 +(The name of the \214le in which command history is sa)144 264 R -.15 +(ve)-.2 G 2.681(d\().15 G(see)-2.681 E F2(HIST)2.681 E(OR)-.162 E(Y) -.315 E F0(belo)2.431 E 2.682(w\). The)-.25 F(def)2.682 E .182(ault v) --.1 F(alue)-.25 E(is)144 588 Q F5(~/.bash_history)2.5 E F0 5(.I)C 2.5 +-.1 F(alue)-.25 E(is)144 276 Q F4(~/.bash_history)2.5 E F0 5(.I)C 2.5 (fu)-5 G(nset, the command history is not sa)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5 (dw).15 G(hen an interacti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell e).15 E -(xits.)-.15 E F1(HISTFILESIZE)108 600 Q F0 1.623 -(The maximum number of lines contained in the history \214le.)144 612 R +(xits.)-.15 E F1(HISTFILESIZE)108 288 Q F0 1.623 +(The maximum number of lines contained in the history \214le.)144 300 R 1.622(When this v)6.623 F 1.622(ariable is assigned a)-.25 F -.25(va)144 -624 S .305(lue, the history \214le is truncated, if necessary).25 F +312 S .305(lue, the history \214le is truncated, if necessary).25 F 2.805(,b)-.65 G 2.805(yr)-2.805 G(emo)-2.805 E .305 (ving the oldest entries, to contain no more)-.15 F .602 -(than that number of lines.)144 636 R .602(The def)5.602 F .602(ault v) +(than that number of lines.)144 324 R .602(The def)5.602 F .602(ault v) -.1 F .602(alue is 500.)-.25 F .601 (The history \214le is also truncated to this size)5.602 F -(after writing it when an interacti)144 648 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H -(hell e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 660 Q F0 2.657(Ac)144 672 S +(after writing it when an interacti)144 336 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +(hell e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 348 Q F0 2.657(Ac)144 360 S .157(olon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command lines\ should be sa)-2.657 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.658(do).15 G 2.658(nt)-2.658 G -.158(he his-)-2.658 F .708(tory list.)144 684 R .708 +.158(he his-)-2.658 F .708(tory list.)144 372 R .708 (Each pattern is anchored at the be)5.708 F .707 (ginning of the line and must match the complete line)-.15 F .625 -(\(no implicit `)144 696 R F1(*)A F0 3.125('i)C 3.125(sa)-3.125 G 3.125 +(\(no implicit `)144 384 R F1(*)A F0 3.125('i)C 3.125(sa)-3.125 G 3.125 (ppended\). Each)-3.125 F .626(pattern is tested ag)3.125 F .626 -(ainst the line after the checks speci\214ed by)-.05 F F3(HISTCONTR)144 -708 Q(OL)-.27 E F0 1.793(are applied.)4.043 F 1.793 +(ainst the line after the checks speci\214ed by)-.05 F F2(HISTCONTR)144 +396 Q(OL)-.27 E F0 1.793(are applied.)4.043 F 1.793 (In addition to the normal shell pattern matching characters, `)6.793 F -F1(&)A F0(')A 2.514(matches the pre)144 720 R 2.514(vious history line.) +F1(&)A F0(')A 2.514(matches the pre)144 408 R 2.514(vious history line.) -.25 F(`)7.514 E F1(&)A F0 5.014('m)C 2.514 -(ay be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is)-5.014 F -(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(13)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 14 14 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(remo)144 84 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.353(db).15 G .853 -(efore attempting a match.)-3.353 F .852 -(The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound)5.852 F -(command are not tested, and are added to the history re)144 96 Q -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(rdless of the v).05 E(alue of)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HISTIGNORE)2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HISTSIZE)108 108 Q F0 1.942 -(The number of commands to remember in the command history \(see)144 120 -R F1(HIST)4.443 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)4.193 E 4.443(w\). The) --.25 F(def)144 132 Q(ault v)-.1 E(alue is 500.)-.25 E F3(HISTTIMEFORMA) -108 144 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .952(If this v)144 156 R .952 +(ay be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is)-5.014 F(remo)144 420 +Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.353(db).15 G .853(efore attempting a match.)-3.353 F +.852(The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound)5.852 F +(command are not tested, and are added to the history re)144 432 Q -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(rdless of the v).05 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(HISTIGNORE)2.5 E F3 +(.)A F1(HISTSIZE)108 444 Q F0 1.942 +(The number of commands to remember in the command history \(see)144 456 +R F2(HIST)4.443 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)4.193 E 4.443(w\). The) +-.25 F(def)144 468 Q(ault v)-.1 E(alue is 500.)-.25 E F1(HISTTIMEFORMA) +108 480 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .952(If this v)144 492 R .952 (ariable is set and not null, its v)-.25 F .951 -(alue is used as a format string for)-.25 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(strftime)3.451 E F0 .951(\(3\) to print the)B .672 -(time stamp associated with each history entry displayed by the)144 168 -R F3(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.173 G 3.173(iltin. If).2 F .673(this v) +(alue is used as a format string for)-.25 F F4(strftime)3.451 E F0 .951 +(\(3\) to print the)B .672 +(time stamp associated with each history entry displayed by the)144 504 +R F1(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.173 G 3.173(iltin. If).2 F .673(this v) 3.173 F .673(ariable is)-.25 F .144 -(set, time stamps are written to the history \214le so the)144 180 R +(set, time stamps are written to the history \214le so the)144 516 R 2.644(ym)-.15 G .144(ay be preserv)-2.644 F .144 (ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F(This)5.144 E(uses the history comment\ - character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 192 Q -F3(HOME)108 204 Q F0 1.27 -(The home directory of the current user; the def)144 216 R 1.27(ault ar) --.1 F 1.27(gument for the)-.18 F F3(cd)3.77 E F0 -.2(bu)3.77 G 1.27 -(iltin command.).2 F(The)6.27 E -.25(va)144 228 S(lue of this v).25 E -(ariable is also used when performing tilde e)-.25 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F3 -(HOSTFILE)108 240 Q F0 1.015 -(Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 252 R F4 + character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 528 Q +F1(HOME)108 540 Q F0 1.27 +(The home directory of the current user; the def)144 552 R 1.27(ault ar) +-.1 F 1.27(gument for the)-.18 F F1(cd)3.77 E F0 -.2(bu)3.77 G 1.27 +(iltin command.).2 F(The)6.27 E -.25(va)144 564 S(lue of this v).25 E +(ariable is also used when performing tilde e)-.25 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 +(HOSTFILE)108 576 Q F0 1.015 +(Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 588 R F4 (/etc/hosts)5.181 E F0 1.015(that should be read when the shell)5.181 F -.55(needs to complete a hostname.)144 264 R .551 +.55(needs to complete a hostname.)144 600 R .551 (The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while)5.551 F -1.059(the shell is running; the ne)144 276 R 1.059 +1.059(the shell is running; the ne)144 612 R 1.059 (xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.058 -(alue is changed,)-.25 F F3(bash)144 288 Q F0 .138 +(alue is changed,)-.25 F F1(bash)144 624 Q F0 .138 (adds the contents of the ne)2.638 F 2.638<778c>-.25 G .138(le to the e) --2.638 F .138(xisting list.)-.15 F(If)5.138 E F1(HOSTFILE)2.638 E F0 +-2.638 F .138(xisting list.)-.15 F(If)5.138 E F2(HOSTFILE)2.638 E F0 .138(is set, b)2.388 F .139(ut has no v)-.2 F .139(alue, or)-.25 F .518 -(does not name a readable \214le,)144 300 R F3(bash)3.018 E F0 .518 +(does not name a readable \214le,)144 636 R F1(bash)3.018 E F0 .518 (attempts to read)3.018 F F4(/etc/hosts)4.683 E F0 .517 -(to obtain the list of possible host-)4.683 F(name completions.)144 312 -Q(When)5 E F1(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(is unset, the hostname list is cleared.) -2.25 E F3(IFS)108 324 Q F0(The)20.44 E F4 .555(Internal F)3.635 F .555 +(to obtain the list of possible host-)4.683 F(name completions.)144 648 +Q(When)5 E F2(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(is unset, the hostname list is cleared.) +2.25 E F1(IFS)108 660 Q F0(The)20.44 E F4 .555(Internal F)3.635 F .555 (ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F0 .555(that is used for w)3.785 F .556 (ord splitting after e)-.1 F .556(xpansion and to split lines into)-.15 -F -.1(wo)144 336 S(rds with the).1 E F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2 +F -.1(wo)144 672 S(rds with the).1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2 (bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(The def)5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E -(`<space><tab><ne)-.74 E(wline>')-.25 E('.)-.74 E F3(IGNOREEOF)108 348 Q -F0 .503(Controls the action of an interacti)144 360 R .803 -.15(ve s) --.25 H .503(hell on receipt of an).15 F F1(EOF)3.003 E F0 .503 +(`<space><tab><ne)-.74 E(wline>')-.25 E('.)-.74 E F1(IGNOREEOF)108 684 Q +F0 .503(Controls the action of an interacti)144 696 R .803 -.15(ve s) +-.25 H .503(hell on receipt of an).15 F F2(EOF)3.003 E F0 .503 (character as the sole input.)2.753 F .503(If set,)5.503 F .426(the v) -144 372 R .426(alue is the number of consecuti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F1 +144 708 R .426(alue is the number of consecuti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2 (EOF)3.076 E F0 .426 (characters which must be typed as the \214rst characters)2.676 F .303 -(on an input line before)144 384 R F3(bash)2.802 E F0 -.15(ex)2.802 G +(on an input line before)144 720 R F1(bash)2.802 E F0 -.15(ex)2.802 G 2.802(its. If).15 F .302(the v)2.802 F .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 (xists b)-.15 F .302(ut does not ha)-.2 F .602 -.15(ve a n)-.2 H .302 -(umeric v).15 F .302(alue, or has)-.25 F(no v)144 396 Q(alue, the def) --.25 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is 10.)-.25 E(If it does not e)5 E(xist,)-.15 E -F1(EOF)2.5 E F0(signi\214es the end of input to the shell.)2.25 E F3 -(INPUTRC)108 408 Q F0 1.435(The \214lename for the)144 420 R F3 -.18(re) -3.936 G(adline).18 E F0 1.436(startup \214le, o)3.936 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -1.436(rriding the def).15 F 1.436(ault of)-.1 F F4(~/.inputr)5.602 E(c) --.37 E F0(\(see)5.602 E F1(READLINE)3.936 E F0(belo)144 432 Q(w\).)-.25 -E F3(LANG)108 444 Q F0 1.24(Used to determine the locale cate)7.11 F -1.239(gory for an)-.15 F 3.739(yc)-.15 G(ate)-3.739 E 1.239 -(gory not speci\214cally selected with a v)-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E -(starting with)144 456 Q F3(LC_)2.5 E F0(.)A F3(LC_ALL)108 468 Q F0 .973 -(This v)144 480 R .973(ariable o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .973 -(rrides the v).15 F .973(alue of)-.25 F F1(LANG)3.473 E F0 .973(and an) -3.223 F 3.473(yo)-.15 G(ther)-3.473 E F3(LC_)3.473 E F0 -.25(va)3.473 G -.974(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 492 Q(.)-.65 E F3 -(LC_COLLA)108 504 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .412(This v)144 516 R .412(ariable det\ -ermines the collation order used when sorting the results of pathname e) --.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.464(and determines the beha)144 528 R 1.464 -(vior of range e)-.2 F 1.465(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G -1.465(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F(within pathname e)144 -540 Q(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F3(LC_CTYPE)108 552 Q F0 -1.936(This v)144 564 R 1.936 -(ariable determines the interpretation of characters and the beha)-.25 F -1.935(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 576 Q -(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F3(LC_MESSA)108 588 Q(GES)-.55 E -F0(This v)144 600 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate dou\ -ble-quoted strings preceded by a)-.25 E F3($)2.5 E F0(.)A F3(LC_NUMERIC) -108 612 Q F0(This v)144 624 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E -(gory used for number formatting.)-.15 E F3(LINES)108 636 Q F0 1.218 -(Used by the)5.99 F F3(select)3.718 E F0 -.2(bu)3.718 G 1.219(iltin com\ -mand to determine the column length for printing selection lists.).2 F -(Automatically set upon receipt of a)144 648 Q F1(SIGWINCH)2.5 E F2(.)A -F3(MAIL)108 660 Q F0 .188 -(If this parameter is set to a \214le name and the)8.78 F F1(MAILP)2.687 -E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)2.437 G .187(riable is not set,) -.25 F F3(bash)2.687 E F0 .187(informs the user)2.687 F(of the arri)144 -672 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5(fm)-2.5 G -(ail in the speci\214ed \214le.)-2.5 E F3(MAILCHECK)108 684 Q F0 .098 -(Speci\214es ho)144 696 R 2.598(wo)-.25 G .098(ften \(in seconds\)) --2.598 F F3(bash)2.598 E F0 .098(checks for mail.)2.598 F .098(The def) -5.098 F .098(ault is 60 seconds.)-.1 F .099(When it is time)5.099 F .224 -(to check for mail, the shell does so before displaying the primary pro\ -mpt.)144 708 R .223(If this v)5.223 F .223(ariable is unset,)-.25 F .066 -(or set to a v)144 720 R .066(alue that is not a number greater than or\ - equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 -768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(14)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(umeric v).15 F .302(alue, or has)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(14)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 15 15 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(MAILP)108 84 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 -2.815(Ac)144 96 S .314(olon-separated list of \214le names to be check) --2.815 F .314(ed for mail.)-.1 F .314 -(The message to be printed when mail)5.314 F(arri)144 108 Q -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.42(si).15 G 3.42(nap)-3.42 G .92(articular \214le may be speci\214e\ -d by separating the \214le name from the message with a)-3.42 F 2.808 -(`?'. When)144 120 R .308(used in the te)2.808 F .308 -(xt of the message,)-.15 F F1($_)2.808 E F0 -.15(ex)2.808 G .308 -(pands to the name of the current mail\214le.).15 F(Exam-)5.307 E(ple:) -144 132 Q F1(MAILP)144 144 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A +-.35 E(no v)144 84 Q(alue, the def)-.25 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is 10.)-.25 +E(If it does not e)5 E(xist,)-.15 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EOF)2.5 E F0 +(signi\214es the end of input to the shell.)2.25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(INPUTRC)108 96 Q F0 1.435(The \214lename for the)144 108 R F2 -.18(re) +3.936 G(adline).18 E F0 1.436(startup \214le, o)3.936 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +1.436(rriding the def).15 F 1.436(ault of)-.1 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(~/.inputr)5.602 E(c)-.37 E F0(\(see)5.602 E F1(READLINE)3.936 E F0 +(belo)144 120 Q(w\).)-.25 E F2(LANG)108 132 Q F0 1.24 +(Used to determine the locale cate)7.11 F 1.239(gory for an)-.15 F 3.739 +(yc)-.15 G(ate)-3.739 E 1.239(gory not speci\214cally selected with a v) +-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E(starting with)144 144 Q F2(LC_)2.5 E F0(.)A F2 +(LC_ALL)108 156 Q F0 .973(This v)144 168 R .973(ariable o)-.25 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G .973(rrides the v).15 F .973(alue of)-.25 F F1(LANG)3.473 E +F0 .973(and an)3.223 F 3.473(yo)-.15 G(ther)-3.473 E F2(LC_)3.473 E F0 +-.25(va)3.473 G .974(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 180 +Q(.)-.65 E F2(LC_COLLA)108 192 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .412(This v)144 204 R .412 +(ariable determines the collation order used when sorting the results o\ +f pathname e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.464(and determines the beha)144 +216 R 1.464(vior of range e)-.2 F 1.465(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va) +-.25 G 1.465(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F +(within pathname e)144 228 Q(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F2 +(LC_CTYPE)108 240 Q F0 1.936(This v)144 252 R 1.936 +(ariable determines the interpretation of characters and the beha)-.25 F +1.935(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 264 Q +(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F2(LC_MESSA)108 276 Q(GES)-.55 E +F0(This v)144 288 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate dou\ +ble-quoted strings preceded by a)-.25 E F2($)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(LC_NUMERIC) +108 300 Q F0(This v)144 312 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E +(gory used for number formatting.)-.15 E F2(LINES)108 324 Q F0 .054 +(Used by the)5.99 F F2(select)2.554 E F0 .054(compound command to deter\ +mine the column length for printing selection lists.)2.554 F +(Automatically set upon receipt of a)144 336 Q F1(SIGWINCH)2.5 E/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F2(MAIL)108 348 Q F0 1.201 +(If this parameter is set to a \214le or directory name and the)8.78 F +F1(MAILP)3.701 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)3.451 G 1.201 +(riable is not set,).25 F F2(bash)3.701 E F0 +(informs the user of the arri)144 360 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5 +(fm)-2.5 G(ail in the speci\214ed \214le or Maildir)-2.5 E +(-format directory)-.2 E(.)-.65 E F2(MAILCHECK)108 372 Q F0 .098 +(Speci\214es ho)144 384 R 2.598(wo)-.25 G .098(ften \(in seconds\)) +-2.598 F F2(bash)2.598 E F0 .098(checks for mail.)2.598 F .098(The def) +5.098 F .098(ault is 60 seconds.)-.1 F .099(When it is time)5.099 F .224 +(to check for mail, the shell does so before displaying the primary pro\ +mpt.)144 396 R .223(If this v)5.223 F .223(ariable is unset,)-.25 F .066 +(or set to a v)144 408 R .066(alue that is not a number greater than or\ + equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 F F2(MAILP)108 +420 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 2.815(Ac)144 432 S .314 +(olon-separated list of \214le names to be check)-2.815 F .314 +(ed for mail.)-.1 F .314(The message to be printed when mail)5.314 F +(arri)144 444 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.42(si).15 G 3.42(nap)-3.42 G .92(artic\ +ular \214le may be speci\214ed by separating the \214le name from the m\ +essage with a)-3.42 F 2.808(`?'. When)144 456 R .308(used in the te) +2.808 F .308(xt of the message,)-.15 F F2($_)2.808 E F0 -.15(ex)2.808 G +.308(pands to the name of the current mail\214le.).15 F(Exam-)5.307 E +(ple:)144 468 Q F2(MAILP)144 480 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A (ar/mail/bfox?"Y)-.25 E(ou ha)-1.1 E .3 -.15(ve m)-.2 H -(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 156 Q F0 .388 +(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F2(Bash)144 492 Q F0 .388 (supplies a def)2.888 F .388(ault v)-.1 F .388(alue for this v)-.25 F .388(ariable, b)-.25 F .389 (ut the location of the user mail \214les that it uses is)-.2 F -(system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 168 Q(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0 -(\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 180 Q F0 .39(If set to the v)144 192 R .39(alue 1,) --.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .389(displays error messages generated by the) -2.889 F F1(getopts)2.889 E F0 -.2(bu)2.889 G .389(iltin command \(see).2 -F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .359(SHELL B)144 204 R(UIL)-.09 E .359 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.609 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(OPTERR)5.359 E F0 -.36(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.609 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 216 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted.).15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 228 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .588 +(system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 504 Q(ar/mail/)-.25 E F2($USER)A F0 +(\).)A F2(OPTERR)108 516 Q F0 .39(If set to the v)144 528 R .39(alue 1,) +-.25 F F2(bash)2.89 E F0 .389(displays error messages generated by the) +2.889 F F2(getopts)2.889 E F0 -.2(bu)2.889 G .389(iltin command \(see).2 +F F1 .359(SHELL B)144 540 R(UIL)-.09 E .359(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 +(belo)2.609 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTERR)5.359 E F0 .36 +(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.609 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 552 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.) +.15 E F2 -.74(PA)108 564 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .588 (The search path for commands.)9.91 F .587 (It is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks) -5.588 F .471(for commands \(see)144 240 R F2 .471(COMMAND EXECUTION) +5.588 F .471(for commands \(see)144 576 R F1 .471(COMMAND EXECUTION) 2.971 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .472 -(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 252 S -.536(lue of).25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.036 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 +(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 588 S +.536(lue of).25 F F1 -.666(PA)3.036 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 (indicates the current directory)2.786 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 (null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.035(oa)-.1 G(djacent) --3.035 E .867(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 264 R .868 +-3.035 E .867(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 600 R .868 (The def)5.868 F .868(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) --.1 F 26.329(administrator who installs)144 276 R F1(bash)28.829 E F0 -31.329(.A)C 26.328(common v)-2.501 F 26.328(alue is)-.25 F/F3 10 -/Courier@0 SF(/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin)144 288 -Q F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 300 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .471(If this v)144 312 -R .471(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1(bash) -2.971 E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.472(posix mode)2.972 F F0 .472(before reading)2.972 F .011 -(the startup \214les, as if the)144 324 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0 +-.1 F 26.329(administrator who installs)144 612 R F2(bash)28.829 E F0 +31.329(.A)C 26.328(common v)-2.501 F 26.328(alue is)-.25 F/F5 10 +/Courier@0 SF(/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin)144 624 +Q F0(.)A F2(POSIXL)108 636 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .471(If this v)144 648 +R .471(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F2(bash) +2.971 E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F F3 .472(posix mode) +2.972 F F0 .472(before reading)2.972 F .011 +(the startup \214les, as if the)144 660 R F2(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0 (in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011(cation option had been supplied.).2 F .011 -(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 336 Q F1(bash)2.5 -E F0(enables)2.5 E F4(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5(ft) --2.5 G(he command)-2.5 E F3(set -o posix)2.5 E F0(had been e)2.5 E -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PR)108 348 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0 -(If set, the v)144 360 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt.).15 E F1(PR) -108 372 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 .676 -(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 384 R .676 +(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 672 Q F2(bash)2.5 +E F0(enables)2.5 E F3(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5(ft) +-2.5 G(he command)-2.5 E F5(set -o posix)2.5 E F0(had been e)2.5 E -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2(PR)108 684 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0 +(If set, the v)144 696 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt.).15 E +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(15)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 16 16 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)108 84 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 +.676(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 96 R .676 (alue is used as the number of trailing directory compo-)-.25 F .923 -(nents to retain when e)144 396 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F1(\\w)3.423 +(nents to retain when e)144 108 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F1(\\w)3.423 E F0(and)3.423 E F1(\\W)3.423 E F0 .923(prompt string escapes \(see) -3.423 F F2(PR)3.423 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.173 E(w\).)-.25 E -(Characters remo)144 408 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G -(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F1(PS1)108 420 Q F0 .064(The v) +3.423 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)3.423 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.173 E +(w\).)-.25 E(Characters remo)144 120 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G +(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F1(PS1)108 132 Q F0 .064(The v) 19.33 F .065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F F2(PR)2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065 -(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 432 R +(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 144 R (def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F1(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0 --.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 444 Q F0 .118(The v)19.33 F .118 +-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 156 Q F0 .118(The v)19.33 F .118 (alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .118(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1) 2.617 E F0 .117(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.367 F(The) -5.117 E(def)144 456 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G -(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 468 Q F0 1.115(The v)19.33 F 1.115 +5.117 E(def)144 168 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G +(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 180 Q F0 1.115(The v)19.33 F 1.115 (alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select) 3.615 E F0 1.116(command \(see)3.616 F F2 1.116(SHELL GRAM-)3.616 F(MAR) -144 480 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 492 Q F0 +144 192 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 204 Q F0 .101(The v)19.33 F .101(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .101 (xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .1(and the v)2.35 F .1 -(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 504 Q F0 .291 +(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 216 Q F0 .291 (displays during an e)2.791 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .292(cution trace.).15 F .292(The \214rst character of)5.292 F F2(PS4)2.792 E F0 .292 -(is replicated multiple times, as)2.542 F(necessary)144 516 Q 2.5(,t) +(is replicated multiple times, as)2.542 F(necessary)144 228 Q 2.5(,t) -.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5 G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (ls of indirection.).15 E(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0 --.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(SHELL)108 528 Q F0 .664 -(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 540 R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F +-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(SHELL)108 240 Q F0 .664 +(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 252 R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F .664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25 F .663 -(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 552 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 264 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')2.5 E 2.5(sl)-.55 -G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 564 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .826(The v)144 -576 R .826 +G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 276 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .826(The v)144 +288 R .826 (alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F 3.327(wt)-.25 G .827(he timing information for)-3.327 F .649 -(pipelines pre\214x)144 588 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.149 E F0 +(pipelines pre\214x)144 300 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.149 E F0 (reserv)3.149 E .649(ed w)-.15 F .648(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F (The)5.648 E F1(%)3.148 E F0 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711 -(an escape sequence that is e)144 600 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F +(an escape sequence that is e)144 312 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F .712(alue or other information.)-.25 F .712(The escape sequences)5.712 F -(and their meanings are as follo)144 612 Q -(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 630 Q F0 2.5 -(Al)30 G(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 642 Q F4(p)A F1 -(][l]R)A F0(The elapsed time in seconds.)11.68 E F1(%[)144 654 Q F4(p)A -F1(][l]U)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)11.68 E F1 -(%[)144 666 Q F4(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0 -(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)13.34 E F1(%P)144 678 Q -F0(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)33.89 E .87 -(The optional)144 694.8 R F4(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) -3.37 F F4(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87 +(and their meanings are as follo)144 324 Q +(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 342 Q F0 2.5 +(Al)30 G(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 354 Q/F3 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(p)A F1(][l]R)A F0(The elapsed time in seconds.)11.68 +E F1(%[)144 366 Q F3(p)A F1(][l]U)A F0 +(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)11.68 E F1(%[)144 378 Q +F3(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.) +13.34 E F1(%P)144 390 Q F0 +(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)33.89 E .87 +(The optional)144 406.8 R F3(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) +3.37 F F3(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87 (he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.525(point. A) -144 706.8 R -.25(va)2.525 G .025 +144 418.8 R -.25(va)2.525 G .025 (lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .026 (At most three places after the)5.025 F .538 -(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 718.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F4 +(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 430.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F3 (p)3.038 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.537 E -F4(p)3.037 E F0 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(the v)144 730.8 Q -(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E -(15)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 16 16 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .667(The optional)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(l)3.167 E F0 +F3(p)3.037 E F0 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(the v)144 442.8 Q +(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .667(The optional)144 459.6 R F1(l)3.167 E F0 .668(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F2(SS)A F0(.)A F2(FF)A F0 -3.168(s. The)B -.25(va)3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 96 Q F2(p)2.5 E F0 +F3(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F3(SS)A F0(.)A F3(FF)A F0 3.168(s. The)B -.25(va) +3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 471.6 Q F3(p)2.5 E F0 (determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E .001 -(If this v)144 112.8 R .001(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)2.501 E +(If this v)144 488.4 R .001(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)2.501 E F0 .001(acts as if it had the v)2.501 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr)2.5 E (eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys%3lS\010)-.18 E F0(.)A .494(If the v)144 -124.8 R .494(alue is null, no timing information is displayed.)-.25 F +500.4 R .494(alue is null, no timing information is displayed.)-.25 F 2.994(At)5.494 G .494(railing ne)-2.994 F .494 (wline is added when the for)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(mat string is displayed.)144 -136.8 Q F1(TMOUT)108 153.6 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 165.6 R .941 -(alue greater than zero,)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 -.941(is treated as the def)3.191 F .941(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 --.18(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 177.6 Q -F1(select)2.81 E F0 .31(command terminates if input does not arri)2.81 F -.611 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(fter).15 E F3(TMOUT)2.811 E F0 .311 -(seconds when input is com-)2.561 F .886(ing from a terminal.)144 189.6 +512.4 Q F1(TMOUT)108 524.4 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 536.4 R .941 +(alue greater than zero,)-.25 F F2(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 .941 +(is treated as the def)3.191 F .941(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 -.18 +(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 548.4 Q F1 +(select)2.81 E F0 .31(command terminates if input does not arri)2.81 F +.611 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.811 E F0 .311 +(seconds when input is com-)2.561 F .886(ing from a terminal.)144 560.4 R .886(In an interacti)5.886 F 1.185 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v) .15 F .885(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1 -(wa)144 201.6 S .546(it for input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F +(wa)144 572.4 S .546(it for input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F F1(Bash)5.546 E F0 .546(terminates after w)3.046 F .546 (aiting for that number of)-.1 F(seconds if input does not arri)144 -213.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 230.4 Q F0 .274(If set,)144 -242.4 R F1(Bash)2.774 E F0 .274(uses its v)2.774 F .274 -(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(Bash)2.773 E F0 .273 -(creates temporary \214les for the)2.773 F(shell')144 254.4 Q 2.5(su) --.55 G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 271.2 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .53(This v)144 -283.2 R .53(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.03(wt)-.25 G .531 +584.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 596.4 Q F0 .391(If set,)144 +608.4 R F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391(uses its v)2.891 F .391 +(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39 +(creates temporary \214les for the)2.89 F(shell')144 620.4 Q 2.5(su)-.55 +G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 632.4 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .53(This v)144 644.4 +R .53(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.03(wt)-.25 G .531 (he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.03 F .531 -(If this v)5.531 F .531(ariable is set,)-.25 F .539(single w)144 295.2 R +(If this v)5.531 F .531(ariable is set,)-.25 F .539(single w)144 656.4 R .538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\ - for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 307.2 S .366(isting stopped job) + for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 668.4 S .366(isting stopped job) .15 F 5.366(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.366 F .366 (wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .367(ginning with)-.15 F 1.125(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 -319.2 R(The)6.125 E F2(name)3.985 E F0 1.124(of a stopped job, in this) -3.805 F(conte)144 331.2 Q 1.132 +680.4 R(The)6.125 E F3(name)3.985 E F0 1.124(of a stopped job, in this) +3.805 F(conte)144 692.4 Q 1.132 (xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v) -6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F2 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.633(,t).68 G 1.133 +6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.633(,t).68 G 1.133 (he string supplied must)-3.633 F .625 -(match the name of a stopped job e)144 343.2 R .624(xactly; if set to) --.15 F F2(substring)3.124 E F0 3.124(,t).22 G .624 +(match the name of a stopped job e)144 704.4 R .624(xactly; if set to) +-.15 F F3(substring)3.124 E F0 3.124(,t).22 G .624 (he string supplied needs to match a)-3.124 F .884 -(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 355.2 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) --5.884 E F2(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .885(lue pro).25 F .885 -(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 367.2 Q F1(%?)3.334 E -F0 .834(job identi\214er \(see)5.834 F F3 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 +(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 716.4 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) +-5.884 E F3(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .885(lue pro).25 F .885 +(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 728.4 Q F1(%?)3.334 E +F0 .834(job identi\214er \(see)5.834 F F2 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 E F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an)3.334 F 3.334(yo) --.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .833(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .315 -(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 379.2 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 -(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .316(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F -F1(%)2.816 E F2(string)A F0(job)2.816 E(identi\214er)144 391.2 Q(.)-.55 -E F1(histchars)108 408 Q F0 2.07(The tw)144 420 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57(rt) --4.57 G 2.07(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F 2.07 -(xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)4.569 E(OR) --.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 432 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.465 E 3.715 +-.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .833(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(16)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 17 17 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E .315(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 84 R 2.816(sn)-.55 +G .316(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .316(vides functionality analogous to the) +-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(%)2.816 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(string)A +F0(job)2.816 E(identi\214er)144 96 Q(.)-.55 E F1(histchars)108 108 Q F0 +2.07(The tw)144 120 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57(rt)-4.57 G 2.07 +(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F 2.07(xpansion and tok) +-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)4.569 E(OR) +-.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 132 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.465 E 3.715 (w\). The)-.25 F 1.215(\214rst character is the)3.715 F F2 1.216 (history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.716 E 3.716(,t)-.4 G 1.216(he character which)-3.716 F .798(signals the start of a history e) -144 444 R .798(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B .798 +144 144 R .798(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B .798 (second character is the)3.298 F F2(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G -(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 456 Q F0(character)2.739 E 2.739(,w)-.4 G +(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 156 Q F0(character)2.739 E 2.739(,w)-.4 G .239(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.739 F .24 (vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .576 -(ing one string for another in the command.)144 468 R .575(The def)5.575 +(ing one string for another in the command.)144 168 R .575(The def)5.575 F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .575 (optional third character is the)3.075 F .223(character which indicates\ that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \214rst \ -char)144 480 R(-)-.2 E 1.294(acter of a w)144 492 R 1.294 +char)144 180 R(-)-.2 E 1.294(acter of a w)144 192 R 1.294 (ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.794('. The)B 1.293 (history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F -.379(skipped for the remaining w)144 504 R .379(ords on the line.)-.1 F +.379(skipped for the remaining w)144 204 R .379(ords on the line.)-.1 F .38(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F -(the rest of the line as a comment.)144 516 Q F1(Arrays)87 532.8 Q(Bash) -108 544.8 Q F0(pro)3.391 E .891(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15 +(the rest of the line as a comment.)144 216 Q F1(Arrays)87 232.8 Q(Bash) +108 244.8 Q F0(pro)3.391 E .891(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 3.391(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.391 F 1.191 -.15(ve a) -.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .89 -(ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 556.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 256.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.573(da).15 G .073(rray; the)-2.573 F F1(declar)2.573 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 (bu)2.573 G .073(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .074(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F -.329(an array)108 568.8 R 2.829(,n)-.65 G .329(or an)-2.829 F 2.829(yr) +.329(an array)108 268.8 R 2.829(,n)-.65 G .329(or an)-2.829 F 2.829(yr) -.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .328(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F 5.328(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.328 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.828(da).15 G .328 -(rrays are refer)-2.828 F(-)-.2 E 1.386(enced using inte)108 580.8 R +(rrays are refer)-2.828 F(-)-.2 E 1.386(enced using inte)108 280.8 R 1.386(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.887(xpressions\) and)-.15 F 1.387(are zero-based; associati)3.887 F 1.687 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.387 -(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E(enced using arbitrary strings.)108 592.8 -Q 2.463(An inde)108 609.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.963(da).15 G 2.463 +(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E(enced using arbitrary strings.)108 292.8 +Q 2.463(An inde)108 309.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.963(da).15 G 2.463 (rray is created automatically if an)-4.963 F 4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.462 (ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F F2(name)4.962 E F0([)A -F2(sub-)A(script)108 621.6 Q F0(]=)A F2(value)A F0 5.682(.T)C(he)-5.682 -E F2(subscript)3.522 E F0 .682(is treated as an arithmetic e)3.862 F -.682(xpression that must e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .682 -(luate to a number greater).25 F .75(than or equal to zero.)108 633.6 R -2.349 -.8(To e)5.749 H .749(xplicitly declare an inde).65 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G 3.249(da).15 G(rray)-3.249 E 3.249(,u)-.65 G(se)-3.249 E F1(declar) -3.249 E 3.249<65ad>-.18 G(a)-3.249 E F2(name)3.249 E F0(\(see)3.249 E F3 -.749(SHELL B)3.249 F(UIL)-.09 E(TIN)-.828 E(COMMANDS)108 645.6 Q F0 -(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(declar)5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(a)-2.5 E F2(name) -2.5 E F1([)A F2(subscript)A F1(])A F0(is also accepted; the)2.5 E F2 -(subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E(Associati)108 662.4 Q .3 -.15 -(ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 -G(A)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 679.2 Q .94 -(utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941(ariable using the) --.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.441 E F1 -.18(re)3.441 G -(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G 3.441(iltins. Each).2 F(attrib)3.441 E -(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 691.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.647 -(Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 708 R +F2(sub-)A(script)108 321.6 Q F0(]=)A F2(value)A F0 5.426(.T)C(he)-5.426 +E F2(subscript)3.266 E F0 .426(is treated as an arithmetic e)3.606 F +.426(xpression that must e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .427(luate to a number) +.25 F 5.427(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.427 E F2(sub-)3.267 E(script)108 333.6 Q F0 +-.25(eva)3.913 G .733 +(luates to a number less than zero, it is used as an of).25 F .733 +(fset from one greater than the array')-.25 F 3.233(sm)-.55 G(axi-) +-3.233 E 1.104(mum inde)108 345.6 R 3.604(x\()-.15 G 1.105 +(so a subcript of -1 refers to the last element of the array\).)-3.604 F +2.705 -.8(To e)6.105 H 1.105(xplicitly declare an inde).65 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G(d).15 E(array)108 357.6 Q 3.828(,u)-.65 G(se)-3.828 E F1(declar) +3.828 E 3.828<65ad>-.18 G(a)-3.828 E F2(name)3.828 E F0(\(see)3.828 E F3 +1.327(SHELL B)3.827 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.327(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) +3.577 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(declar)6.327 E 3.827<65ad>-.18 G(a)-3.827 E F2 +(name)3.827 E F1([)A F2(subscript)A F1(])A F0(is)3.827 E +(also accepted; the)108 369.6 Q F2(subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E +(Associati)108 386.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E +F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(A)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 +403.2 Q .94(utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941 +(ariable using the)-.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.441 E F1 +-.18(re)3.441 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G 3.441(iltins. Each).2 F +(attrib)3.441 E(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 415.2 Q +(.)-.65 E 1.647 +(Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 432 R F2(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F2(1)A F0 1.647 (... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F2(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.147(,w)C 1.647(here each) --4.147 F F2(value)108 720 Q F0 .122(is of the form [)2.622 F F2 +-4.147 F F2(value)108 444 Q F0 .122(is of the form [)2.622 F F2 (subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(string)A F0 5.122(.I)C(nde)-5.122 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.622(da).15 G .122(rray assignments do not require the brack)-2.622 F -.122(et and subscript.)-.1 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29) -135.965 E(16)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 17 17 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .164(When assigning to inde)108 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 -G .163(rrays, if the optional brack)-2.663 F .163 -(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.663(xi)-.15 G 2.663 -(sa)-2.663 G(ssigned)-2.663 E 1.41(to; otherwise the inde)108 96 R 3.91 -(xo)-.15 G 3.91(ft)-3.91 G 1.41(he element assigned is the last inde) --3.91 F 3.911(xa)-.15 G 1.411(ssigned to by the statement plus one.) --3.911 F(Inde)108 108 Q(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E -(When assigning to an associati)108 124.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 -E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.)-2.5 E .24 -(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 141.6 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(declar)2.74 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .239 -(vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)108 153.6 Q F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]=)A F2 -(value)A F0(syntax introduced abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(An)108 -170.4 Q 3.575(ye)-.15 G 1.075 -(lement of an array may be referenced using ${)-3.575 F F2(name)A F0([)A -F2(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.076(braces are required to a)3.576 F --.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.542(con\215icts with pathname e)108 182.4 R 4.041 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F F2(subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E F1(@)4.041 E F0 -(or)4.041 E F1(*)4.041 E F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e) --.1 F 1.541(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F2(name)4.041 E F0(.)A 1.056 -(These subscripts dif)108 194.4 R 1.056(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 +.122(et and subscript.)-.1 F .164(When assigning to inde)108 456 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 G .163(rrays, if the optional brack)-2.663 F +.163(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.663(xi)-.15 G +2.663(sa)-2.663 G(ssigned)-2.663 E 1.41(to; otherwise the inde)108 468 R +3.91(xo)-.15 G 3.91(ft)-3.91 G 1.41 +(he element assigned is the last inde)-3.91 F 3.911(xa)-.15 G 1.411 +(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-3.911 F(Inde)108 480 Q +(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E(When assigning to an associati)108 496.8 Q +.3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.) +-2.5 E .24(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 513.6 R F1(declar) +2.74 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .239 +(vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F2(name)108 +525.6 Q F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(value)A F0 +(syntax introduced abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(An)108 542.4 Q 3.575 +(ye)-.15 G 1.075(lement of an array may be referenced using ${)-3.575 F +F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.076 +(braces are required to a)3.576 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.542 +(con\215icts with pathname e)108 554.4 R 4.041(xpansion. If)-.15 F F2 +(subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E F1(@)4.041 E F0(or)4.041 E F1(*)4.041 E +F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e)-.1 F 1.541 +(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F2(name)4.041 E F0(.)A 1.056 +(These subscripts dif)108 566.4 R 1.056(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 (ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.057(If the w)6.057 F 1.057 -(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 206.4 Q F2(name)A F0 .521([*]} e)B +(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 578.4 Q F2(name)A F0 .521([*]} e)B .521(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .521(ord with the v)-.1 F .52 (alue of each array member separated by the \214rst character)-.25 F -1.374(of the)108 218.4 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.874 E F0 1.374 -(special v)3.624 F 1.375(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F2(name)A F0 1.375 -([@]} e)B 1.375(xpands each element of)-.15 F F2(name)3.875 E F0 1.375 -(to a separate w)3.875 F 3.875(ord. When)-.1 F 2.028 -(there are no array members, ${)108 230.4 R F2(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B -2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F 2.027(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F -2.027(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .758(within a w)108 242.4 R .759 -(ord, the e)-.1 F .759 +1.374(of the)108 590.4 R F3(IFS)3.874 E F0 1.374(special v)3.624 F 1.375 +(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F2(name)A F0 1.375([@]} e)B 1.375 +(xpands each element of)-.15 F F2(name)3.875 E F0 1.375(to a separate w) +3.875 F 3.875(ord. When)-.1 F 2.028(there are no array members, ${)108 +602.4 R F2(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B 2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F +2.027(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F 2.027(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .758 +(within a w)108 614.4 R .759(ord, the e)-.1 F .759 (xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 F .759 (ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .516(and the e)108 -254.4 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\ +626.4 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\ t of the original w)-.15 F 3.015(ord. This)-.1 F .515(is analogous)3.015 -F .227(to the e)108 266.4 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 +F .227(to the e)108 638.4 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 F F1(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F1(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F1 .228 (Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.728 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.728 -(\). ${#).15 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 278.4 +(\). ${#).15 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 650.4 S .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0 3.386(]}. If)B F2(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E F1(*)3.386 E F0(or) 3.386 E F1(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t)C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886 -(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .462(ments in the array)108 290.4 +(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .462(ments in the array)108 662.4 R 5.462(.R)-.65 G .462(eferencing an array v)-5.462 F .463 (ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .463 -(lent to referencing the array).25 F(with a subscript of 0.)108 302.4 Q -.168(An array v)108 319.2 R .168 +(lent to referencing the array).25 F(with a subscript of 0.)108 674.4 Q +.168(An array v)108 691.2 R .168 (ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 F 2.668(alue. The)-.25 F .168(null string is a v)2.668 F .168(alid v)-.25 -F(alue.)-.25 E(The)108 336 Q F1(unset)2.766 E F0 -.2(bu)2.766 G .267 +F(alue.)-.25 E(The)108 708 Q F1(unset)2.766 E F0 -.2(bu)2.766 G .267 (iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 G(rrays.)-2.767 E F1(unset) 5.267 E F2(name)2.767 E F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x)-.15 E F2(sub-)2.767 E -(script)108 348 Q F0 6.205(.C)C 1.205(are must be tak)-6.205 F 1.205 +(script)108 720 Q F0 6.205(.C)C 1.205(are must be tak)-6.205 F 1.205 (en to a)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.2 G 1.205(id unw).2 F 1.205(anted side ef)-.1 F 1.204(fects caused by pathname e)-.25 F(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(unset)6.204 -E F2(name)3.704 E F0(,)A(where)108 360 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an array) -2.5 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.5 E F1(unset)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0([)A F2 -(subscript)A F0(], where)A F2(subscript)2.5 E F0(is)2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 -(or)2.5 E F1(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G -(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(The)108 376.8 Q F1(declar)3.573 E(e) --.18 E F0(,)A F1(local)3.573 E F0 3.573(,a)C(nd)-3.573 E F1 -.18(re) -3.573 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.573 G 1.073(iltins each accept a).2 F -F1<ad61>3.573 E F0 1.073(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G 3.574(da).15 G 1.074(rray and a)-3.574 F F1<ad41>3.574 E F0 .752 -(option to specify an associati)108 388.8 R 1.052 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray) -.15 E 5.752(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.752 E F1 -.18(re)3.252 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.252 G .752(iltin accepts a).2 F F1<ad61>3.252 E F0 .751 -(option to assign a list of w)3.251 F .751(ords read)-.1 F .502 -(from the standard input to an array)108 400.8 R 5.502(.T)-.65 G(he) --5.502 E F1(set)3.002 E F0(and)3.002 E F1(declar)3.002 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 -(bu)3.002 G .502(iltins display array v).2 F .502(alues in a w)-.25 F -.503(ay that allo)-.1 F(ws)-.25 E(them to be reused as assignments.)108 -412.8 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 429.6 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Ex\ -pansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into w) -108 441.6 R 3.26(ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26 -(nk).15 G .76(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 453.6 S .369 -(pansion performed:).15 F F2(br)2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E -F0(,).24 E F2 .369(tilde e)2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2(par) -2.869 E .369(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 -.37(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 465.6 Q F0(,).24 E F2 -(arithmetic e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G -(plitting)-2.5 E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F2(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion) --.2 E F0(.).24 E .471(The order of e)108 482.4 R .471 -(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .471(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .471 -(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F 2.971(,v)-.4 G .47(ariable and arithmetic e) --3.221 F(xpansion)-.15 E -(and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f)108 494.4 Q +E F2(name)3.704 E F0(,)A(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 +E(17)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 18 18 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E(where)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0(is an array) +2.5 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(unset)2.5 E F1(name) +2.5 E F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(], where)A F1(subscript)2.5 E F0(is)2.5 E +F2(*)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.5(st).15 G(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(The)108 100.8 Q F2(declar) +3.573 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F2(local)3.573 E F0 3.573(,a)C(nd)-3.573 E F2 +-.18(re)3.573 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.573 G 1.073 +(iltins each accept a).2 F F2<ad61>3.573 E F0 1.073 +(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.574(da).15 G 1.074 +(rray and a)-3.574 F F2<ad41>3.574 E F0 .339 +(option to specify an associati)108 112.8 R .638 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray) +.15 E 5.338(.I)-.65 G 2.838(fb)-5.338 G .338(oth options are supplied,) +-2.838 F F2<ad41>2.838 E F0(tak)2.838 E .338(es precedence.)-.1 F(The) +5.338 E F2 -.18(re)2.838 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.838 G(iltin).2 E .44 +(accepts a)108 124.8 R F2<ad61>2.941 E F0 .441 +(option to assign a list of w)2.941 F .441 +(ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.441(.T)-.65 G(he) +-5.441 E F2(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F2(declar)2.941 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +(bu)108 136.8 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E +(ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F3 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 153.6 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\ +rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 165.6 R 3.26 +(ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk).15 G .76 +(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 177.6 S .369(pansion performed:).15 F F1 +(br)2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .369(tilde e) +2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(par)2.869 E .369 +(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .37 +(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 189.6 Q F0(,).24 E F1(arithmetic e) +2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 +E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F1(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24 +E .471(The order of e)108 206.4 R .471(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .471 +(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .471(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F 2.971(,v)-.4 G +.47(ariable and arithmetic e)-3.221 F(xpansion)-.15 E +(and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f)108 218.4 Q (ashion\), w)-.1 E(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E -(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 511.2 Q -(xpansion a)-.15 E -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F2(pr)2.5 E -(ocess substitution)-.45 E F0(.)A 1.486(Only brace e)108 528 R 1.486 +(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 235.2 Q +(xpansion a)-.15 E -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(pr)2.5 E +(ocess substitution)-.45 E F0(.)A 1.486(Only brace e)108 252 R 1.486 (xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.486(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.487 (xpansion can change the number of w)-.15 F 1.487(ords of the)-.1 F -.15 -(ex)108 540 S 1.165(pansion; other e).15 F 1.165(xpansions e)-.15 F +(ex)108 264 S 1.165(pansion; other e).15 F 1.165(xpansions e)-.15 F 1.165(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 (ord. The)-.1 F 1.164(only e)3.665 F 1.164(xceptions to this are the) --.15 F -.15(ex)108 552 S(pansions of ").15 E F1($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd ") --2.5 E F1(${)A F2(name)A F1([@]})A F0 2.5("a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G -(xplained abo)-2.65 E .3 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G -(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F1(Brace Expansion)87 568.8 -Q F2(Br)108.58 580.8 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 +-.15 F -.15(ex)108 276 S(pansions of ").15 E F2($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd ") +-2.5 E F2(${)A F1(name)A F2([@]})A F0 2.5("a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G +(xplained abo)-2.65 E .3 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF -.666(PA)2.5 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F2 +(Brace Expansion)87 292.8 Q F1(Br)108.58 304.8 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F +(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 (is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.)3.346 F -.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 592.8 Q F2 .415 +.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 316.8 Q F1 .415 (pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415 (ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F .415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G -(he)-2.915 E .151(form of an optional)108 604.8 R F2(pr)2.651 E(eamble) +(he)-2.915 E .151(form of an optional)108 328.8 R F1(pr)2.651 E(eamble) -.37 E F0 2.651(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.651 E .151 (wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25 -F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 616.8 R -.563(wed by an optional)-.25 F F2(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G +F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 340.8 R +.563(wed by an optional)-.25 F F1(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G .563(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659 (contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to ea\ -ch resulting string, e)108 628.8 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) -108 640.8 Q .719(Brace e)108 657.6 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 +ch resulting string, e)108 352.8 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) +108 364.8 Q .719(Brace e)108 381.6 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 (xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv) -108 669.6 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F1({)A F0 -(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.242(As) -108 686.4 S .742(equence e)-3.242 F .742(xpression tak)-.15 F .742 -(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.242 E F2(x)A F1(..)A F2(y)A F1([..)A F2(incr)A -F1(]})A F0 3.242(,w)C(here)-3.242 E F2(x)3.242 E F0(and)3.243 E F2(y) +108 393.6 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F2({)A F0 +(d,c,b)A F2(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.242(As) +108 410.4 S .742(equence e)-3.242 F .742(xpression tak)-.15 F .742 +(es the form)-.1 F F2({)3.242 E F1(x)A F2(..)A F1(y)A F2([..)A F1(incr)A +F2(]})A F0 3.242(,w)C(here)-3.242 E F1(x)3.242 E F0(and)3.243 E F1(y) 3.243 E F0 .743(are either inte)3.243 F .743(gers or single characters,) --.15 F(and)108 698.4 Q F2(incr)3.032 E F0 3.032(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.032 G +-.15 F(and)108 422.4 Q F1(incr)3.032 E F0 3.032(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.032 G .532(ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger)-.15 E 5.532(.W)-.55 G .532(hen inte)-5.532 F .532(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532 (xpression e)-.15 F .531(xpands to each)-.15 F .077(number between)108 -710.4 R F2(x)2.577 E F0(and)2.577 E F2(y)2.577 E F0 2.577(,i)C(nclusi) +434.4 R F1(x)2.577 E F0(and)2.577 E F1(y)2.577 E F0 2.577(,i)C(nclusi) -2.577 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.077(.S).15 G .077(upplied inte)-5.077 F .077 -(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F2(0)2.577 E F0 .078 +(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F1(0)2.577 E F0 .078 (to force each term to ha)2.578 F .378 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .015 -(same width.)108 722.4 R .015(When either)5.015 F F2(x)2.515 E F0(or) -2.515 E F2(y)2.515 E F0(be)2.515 E .014(gins with a zero, the shell att\ -empts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 -Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(17)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 18 18 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E 1.143(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 -84 R 6.143(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F -(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 96 S .542(pands to each character le).15 F -.542(xicographically between)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(x)3.042 E F0 -(and)3.042 E F1(y)3.042 E F0 3.042(,i)C(nclusi)-3.042 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -5.542(.N).15 G .542(ote that both)-5.542 F F1(x)3.041 E F0(and)3.041 E -F1(y)3.041 E F0 .541(must be of)3.041 F .182(the same type.)108 108 R -.182(When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.182 F .183 +(same width.)108 446.4 R .015(When either)5.015 F F1(x)2.515 E F0(or) +2.515 E F1(y)2.515 E F0(be)2.515 E .014(gins with a zero, the shell att\ +empts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143 +(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 458.4 R +6.143(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F +(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 470.4 S .542(pands to each character le) +.15 F .542(xicographically between)-.15 F F1(x)3.042 E F0(and)3.042 E F1 +(y)3.042 E F0 3.042(,i)C(nclusi)-3.042 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.542(.N).15 G +.542(ote that both)-5.542 F F1(x)3.041 E F0(and)3.041 E F1(y)3.041 E F0 +.541(must be of)3.041 F .182(the same type.)108 482.4 R .182 +(When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.182 F .183 (ference between each term.)-.25 F .183(The def)5.183 F(ault)-.1 E -(increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)108 120 Q .582(Brace e)108 136.8 R -.582(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581(ther e) --3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581 +(increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)108 494.4 Q .582(Brace e)108 511.2 +R .582(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581 +(ther e)-3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581 (haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E .015 -(are preserv)108 148.8 R .015(ed in the result.)-.15 F .015 -(It is strictly te)5.015 F(xtual.)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash) -5.016 E F0 .016(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.516(ys)-.15 G .016 -(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.516 F(te)108 160.8 Q +(are preserv)108 523.2 R .015(ed in the result.)-.15 F .015 +(It is strictly te)5.015 F(xtual.)-.15 E F2(Bash)5.016 E F0 .016 +(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.516(ys)-.15 G .016 +(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.516 F(te)108 535.2 Q (xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.) --.15 E 3.633(Ac)108 177.6 S 1.133(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.633 F 1.132 -(xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at leas\ -t one)-.15 F 3.44(unquoted comma or a v)108 189.6 R 3.441 -(alid sequence e)-.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441 +-.15 E 3.633(Ac)108 552 S 1.133(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.633 F 1.132(\ +xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least\ + one)-.15 F 3.44(unquoted comma or a v)108 564 R 3.441(alid sequence e) +-.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441 (ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.441(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 -(unchanged. A)108 201.6 R F2({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F2(,)2.755 E F0 -.255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255 +(unchanged. A)108 576 R F2({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F2(,)2.755 E F0 .255 +(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255 (nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.91 -(sion. T)108 213.6 R 2.91(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.11 G .41 +(sion. T)108 588 R 2.91(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.11 G .41 (id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F F2(${)2.911 E F0 .411(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F -(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 225.6 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used \ -as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strings to be generated is) -108 242.4 R(longer than in the abo)108 254.4 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H -(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 271.2 Q -.65(w,)-.25 -G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 283.2 Q(cho)144 295.2 Q +(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 600 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used as\ + shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strings to be generated is) +108 616.8 R(longer than in the abo)108 628.8 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H +(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 645.6 Q -.65(w,)-.25 +G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 657.6 Q(cho)144 669.6 Q (wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e) --.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 312 R .618 +-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 686.4 R .618 (xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F .618(ersions of)-.15 F F2(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F2(sh)5.618 E F0 .618 (does not treat open-)3.118 F .248 -(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 324 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G .247 -(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247 -(es them in the output.)-.15 F F2(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 336 Q -.15 +(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 698.4 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G +.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247 +(es them in the output.)-.15 F F2(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 710.4 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03 (ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03 (or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F2(sh) -3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F1(\214le{1,2})108 348 Q F0 .515 +3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F1(\214le{1,2})108 722.4 Q F0 .515 (appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515 (ord is output as)-.1 F F1 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514(after e) -3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F2(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A .436 -(If strict compatibility with)108 360 R F2(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 -(is desired, start)2.936 F F2(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F2 -(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .437 -(xpansion with the)-.15 F F2(+B)108 372 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F2(set) -2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 -E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -.18(Ti)87 388.8 S -(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 400.8 R 1.087(ord be)-.1 F -1.087(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F2(~)A F0 1.086 -('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(slash\ - \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are considered a) -108 412.8 R F1(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn) --5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726(in the tilde-pre\214x\ - are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 424.8 R .725 -(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F1(lo)108 436.8 Q .522 -(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522 +3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F2(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash-4.2)72 +768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(18)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 19 19 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E .436(If strict compatibility with)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(sh)2.936 E F0 .436(is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436 +(with the)2.936 F F1(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 +F .437(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 96 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1 +(set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E +(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti) +87 112.8 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 124.8 R 1.087(ord be) +-.1 F 1.087(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 +1.086('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(\ +slash \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are consider\ +ed a)108 136.8 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E +F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726 +(in the tilde-pre\214x are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x\ + follo)108 148.8 R .725(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F +F3(lo)108 160.8 Q .522(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G +.522 (his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v) --3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 448.8 Q/F4 -9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.787 E F3(HOME)2.787 E F0 .287 +-3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F2(HOME)108 172.8 Q/F4 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.787 E F2(HOME)2.787 E F0 .287 (is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.537 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286 (cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.286 E(-)-.2 E(w\ ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \ -with the speci\214ed login name.)108 460.8 Q .092 -(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 477.6 R .092 -(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092 +with the speci\214ed login name.)108 184.8 Q .092 +(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 201.6 R .092 +(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092 (replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .093(If the tilde-pre\214x is) -5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 489.6 S .904(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904 -(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0 +5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 213.6 S .904(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904 +(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0 .904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .903(If the characters follo) 5.903 F .903(wing the)-.25 F 1.641 -(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 501.6 R F1(N)4.141 +(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 225.6 R F3(N)4.141 E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.642 (ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.438(replaced w\ ith the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 -513.6 R 1.437(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F2(dirs)3.937 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 525.6 S .454(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.954(dw).1 G +237.6 R 1.437(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.937 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 249.6 S .454(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.954(dw).1 G .454(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.954 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F .454(the characters follo)2.954 F .455 (wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x)-.25 F (consist of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.) -108 537.6 Q(If the login name is in)108 554.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +108 261.6 Q(If the login name is in)108 278.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid, or the tilde e).25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E -(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .167(Each v)108 571.2 R .167 +(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .167(Each v)108 295.2 R .167 (ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x) --.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F2(:)2.667 E -F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F2(=)2.666 E F0 5.166(.I)C(n)-5.166 E -.281(these cases, tilde e)108 583.2 R .282(xpansion is also performed.) +-.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)2.667 E +F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.666 E F0 5.166(.I)C(n)-5.166 E +.281(these cases, tilde e)108 307.2 R .282(xpansion is also performed.) -.15 F(Consequently)5.282 E 2.782(,o)-.65 G .282 (ne may use \214le names with tildes in assign-)-2.782 F(ments to)108 -595.2 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT) --.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) +319.2 Q F2 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F2(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT) +-.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F2(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) .855 E F4(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E -(alue.)-.25 E F2 -.1(Pa)87 612 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.606(The `) -108 624 R F2($)A F0 4.106('c)C 1.606(haracter introduces parameter e) +(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 336 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.606(The `) +108 348 R F1($)A F0 4.106('c)C 1.606(haracter introduces parameter e) -4.106 F 1.605(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F -4.105(xpansion. The)-.15 F .406(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 636 +4.105(xpansion. The)-.15 F .406(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 360 R .407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .407(ut serv)-.2 F 2.907(et)-.15 G 2.907(op)-2.907 G(ro-)-2.907 E .033 -(tect the v)108 648 R .033(ariable to be e)-.25 F .033 +(tect the v)108 372 R .033(ariable to be e)-.25 F .033 (xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .032 -(wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108 660 +(wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108 384 Q 1.189 (When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108 -676.8 R F2(})A F0 3.69('n)C 1.19(ot escaped by a backslash or within a) +400.8 R F1(})A F0 3.69('n)C 1.19(ot escaped by a backslash or within a) -3.69 F 2.15(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 -688.8 R 2.15(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15 -(ex)108 700.8 S(pansion.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29) -135.965 E(18)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 19 19 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A -1.204(The v)144 96 R 1.204(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.704 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.704 F 1.204(The braces are required when) -6.204 F F1(par)4.955 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.205(is a positional)4.435 F -.264(parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 108 R F1(par)4.014 -E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .264(is follo)3.494 F .264 +412.8 R 2.15(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15 +(ex)108 424.8 S(pansion.).15 E(${)108 441.6 Q F3(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(})A 1.204(The v)144 453.6 R 1.204(alue of)-.25 F F3(par)3.704 E(ameter) +-.15 E F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.704 F 1.204 +(The braces are required when)6.204 F F3(par)4.955 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +1.205(is a positional)4.435 F .264 +(parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 465.6 R F3(par)4.014 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .264(is follo)3.494 F .264 (wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F -(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 120 Q .685 -(If the \214rst character of)108 136.8 R F1(par)3.185 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.685(is an e)3.185 F .685(xclamation point \()-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(!)A F0 .685(\), a le)B -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.186(lo).15 G 3.186(fv)-3.186 -G .686(ariable indirection is introduced.)-3.436 F F2(Bash)108 148.8 Q -F0 .106(uses the v)2.606 F .106(alue of the v)-.25 F .106 -(ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F1(par)2.606 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 477.6 Q .685 +(If the \214rst character of)108 494.4 R F3(par)3.185 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.685(is an e)3.185 F .685(xclamation point \()-.15 F F1(!)A F0 .685 +(\), a le)B -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.186(lo).15 G 3.186(fv)-3.186 G .686 +(ariable indirection is introduced.)-3.436 F F1(Bash)108 506.4 Q F0 .106 +(uses the v)2.606 F .106(alue of the v)-.25 F .106 +(ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F3(par)2.606 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .106(as the name of the v)2.606 F .106(ariable; this v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 -E .351(able is then e)108 160.8 R .351(xpanded and that v)-.15 F .352 +E .351(able is then e)108 518.4 R .351(xpanded and that v)-.15 F .352 (alue is used in the rest of the substitution, rather than the v)-.25 F -.352(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.852 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 172.8 Q F0 2.52 -(itself. This)2.52 F .02(is kno)2.52 F .02(wn as)-.25 F F1(indir)2.52 E +.352(alue of)-.25 F F3(par)2.852 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 530.4 Q F0 2.52 +(itself. This)2.52 F .02(is kno)2.52 F .02(wn as)-.25 F F3(indir)2.52 E .02(ect e)-.37 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.019(.T)C .019(he e)-5.019 F .019 -(xceptions to this are the e)-.15 F .019(xpansions of ${!)-.15 F F1(pr)A -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .019(*} and)B(${)108 184.8 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A -F1(@)A F0 .762(]} described belo)B 4.563 -.65(w. T)-.25 H .763(he e).65 -F .763(xclamation point must immediately follo)-.15 F 3.263(wt)-.25 G -.763(he left brace in order to)-3.263 F(introduce indirection.)108 196.8 -Q .334(In each of the cases belo)108 213.6 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F1(wor)3.484 -E(d)-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334 +(xceptions to this are the e)-.15 F .019(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F1(!)A +F3(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A F0 2.519(}a)C(nd)-2.519 E(${)108 542.4 Q F1 +(!)A F3(name)A F0([)A F3(@)A F0 .762(]} described belo)B 4.563 -.65 +(w. T)-.25 H .763(he e).65 F .763 +(xclamation point must immediately follo)-.15 F 3.263(wt)-.25 G .763 +(he left brace in order to)-3.263 F(introduce indirection.)108 554.4 Q +.334(In each of the cases belo)108 571.2 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F3(wor)3.484 E +(d)-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334 (xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 -F(and arithmetic e)108 225.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .697 -(When not performing substring e)108 242.4 R .698 -(xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F -.65(w,)-.25 G F2 +F(and arithmetic e)108 583.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .697 +(When not performing substring e)108 600 R .698 +(xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F -.65(w,)-.25 G F1 (bash)3.848 E F0 .698(tests for a parameter)3.198 F -(that is unset or null.)108 254.4 Q(Omitting the colon results in a tes\ -t only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E(${)108 271.2 Q F1(par)A -(ameter)-.15 E F2<3aad>A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .723(Use Default V) -144 283.2 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.723(.I)C(f)-5.723 E F1(par)4.473 E(ameter) --.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.953 F .722(xpansion of)-.15 F -F1(wor)3.562 E(d)-.37 E F0 .722(is substituted.)3.992 F(Other)5.722 E(-) --.2 E(wise, the v)144 295.2 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 307.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:=)A -F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 2.004(Assign Default V)144 319.2 R(alues) --.92 E F0 7.004(.I)C(f)-7.004 E F1(par)5.754 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005 -(is unset or null, the e)5.234 F 2.005(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.845 E -(d)-.37 E F0 2.005(is assigned to)5.275 F F1(par)144 331.2 Q(ameter)-.15 -E F0 5.279(.T).73 G .279(he v)-5.279 F .279(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.029 +(that is unset or null.)108 612 Q(Omitting the colon results in a test \ +only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E(${)108 628.8 Q F3(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F1<3aad>A F3(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .723(Use Default V)144 +640.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.723(.I)C(f)-5.723 E F3(par)4.473 E(ameter)-.15 +E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.953 F .722(xpansion of)-.15 F F3 +(wor)3.562 E(d)-.37 E F0 .722(is substituted.)3.992 F(Other)5.722 E(-) +-.2 E(wise, the v)144 652.8 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 664.8 Q F3(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:=)A +F3(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 2.004(Assign Default V)144 676.8 R(alues) +-.92 E F0 7.004(.I)C(f)-7.004 E F3(par)5.754 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005 +(is unset or null, the e)5.234 F 2.005(xpansion of)-.15 F F3(wor)4.845 E +(d)-.37 E F0 2.005(is assigned to)5.275 F F3(par)144 688.8 Q(ameter)-.15 +E F0 5.279(.T).73 G .279(he v)-5.279 F .279(alue of)-.25 F F3(par)4.029 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .278 (Positional parameters and special param-)5.278 F -(eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 343.2 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E -(${)108 355.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:?)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A -F2 .535(Display Err)144 367.2 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 -(.I)C(f)-5.535 E F1(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 -(is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.035 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .662(sage to that ef)144 379.2 R -.662(fect if)-.25 F F1(wor)3.502 E(d)-.37 E F0 .661(is not present\) is\ - written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.932 F -(interacti)144 391.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) --2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 403.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:+)A F1 -(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .745(Use Alter)144 415.2 R .745(nate V)-.15 F -(alue)-.92 E F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F1(par)4.495 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.745(is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the e)3.975 F -(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 427.2 Q F1(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 439.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 -(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 451.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 -(of)A(fset)-.18 E F2(:)A F1(length)A F0(})A F2 .797 -(Substring Expansion.)144 463.2 R F0 .796(Expands to up to)5.797 F F1 -(length)3.296 E F0 .796(characters of)3.296 F F1(par)3.296 E(ameter)-.15 -E F0 .796(starting at the character)3.296 F .228(speci\214ed by)144 -475.2 R F1(of)2.728 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.228(.I)C(f)-5.228 E F1(length) -2.728 E F0 .229(is omitted, e)2.729 F .229(xpands to the substring of) --.15 F F1(par)2.729 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .229(starting at the char)2.729 F -(-)-.2 E .433(acter speci\214ed by)144 487.2 R F1(of)2.933 E(fset)-.18 E -F0(.)A F1(length)5.433 E F0(and)2.933 E F1(of)2.933 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.433(are arithmetic e)2.933 F .433(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF .432(ARITHMETIC EV)2.933 F(ALU-)-1.215 E -.855(AT)144 -499.2 S(ION).855 E F0(belo)2.576 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(length)5.326 E F0 .326 -(must e)2.826 F -.25(va)-.25 G .326 -(luate to a number greater than or equal to zero.).25 F(If)5.327 E F1 -(of)2.827 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)2.827 G(luates).25 E .016 -(to a number less than zero, the v)144 511.2 R .015 -(alue is used as an of)-.25 F .015(fset from the end of the v)-.25 F -.015(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.515 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.015(.I)C(f)-5.015 -E F1(par)144 523.2 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.25 E F2(@)3.25 E F0 3.25(,t)C -.75(he result is)-3.25 F F1(length)3.25 E F0 .75 -(positional parameters be)3.25 F .75(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of)3.25 E -(fset)-.18 E F0 5.75(.I)C(f)-5.75 E F1(par)3.25 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .75 -(is an)3.25 F(inde)144 535.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.702(da).15 G .201 -(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the)-2.702 F F1(length) -2.701 E F0 .201(members of the array be)2.701 F(ginning)-.15 E 1.282 -(with ${)144 547.2 R F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A(fset)-.18 E -F0 3.782(]}. A)B(ne)3.782 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F1 -(of)3.932 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.282(is tak)3.782 F 1.282(en relati)-.1 F -1.582 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.782(oo).15 G 1.283(ne greater than the maximum) --3.782 F(inde)144 559.2 Q 3.435(xo)-.15 G 3.435(ft)-3.435 G .935 -(he speci\214ed array)-3.435 F 5.935(.S)-.65 G .935(ubstring e)-5.935 F -.935(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 F 1.234 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .934 -(rray produces unde-).15 F .261(\214ned results.)144 571.2 R .261 -(Note that a ne)5.261 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .561 -.15(ve o)-.25 H --.25(ff).15 G .261 -(set must be separated from the colon by at least one space to).25 F -.2 -(avo)144 583.2 S .155(id being confused with the :- e).2 F 2.655 -(xpansion. Substring)-.15 F(inde)2.655 E .154 -(xing is zero-based unless the positional)-.15 F .532 -(parameters are used, in which case the inde)144 595.2 R .532 -(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F 3.032(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of)3.032 E(fset) --.18 E F0 .532(is 0, and the posi-)3.032 F(tional parameters are used,) -144 607.2 Q F2($0)2.5 E F0(is pre\214x)2.5 E(ed to the list.)-.15 E(${) -108 624 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F0(})A(${)108 636 Q F2(!)A -F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A F2 .085(Names matching pr)144 648 R -(e\214x.)-.18 E F0 .084(Expands to the names of v)5.085 F .084 -(ariables whose names be)-.25 F .084(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.584 E -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.584(,s)C(epa-)-2.584 E .257 -(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 660 R F3(IFS)2.757 E F0 .257 -(special v)2.507 F 2.757(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.758 E F0 .258 -(is used and the e)2.758 F .258(xpansion appears)-.15 F -(within double quotes, each v)144 672 Q(ariable name e)-.25 E -(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 688.8 Q F2(!)A F1(name) -A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 700.8 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0 -(]})A F2 2.036(List of array k)144 712.8 R(eys.)-.1 E F0(If)7.036 E F1 -(name)4.536 E F0 2.036(is an array v)4.536 F 2.036(ariable, e)-.25 F -2.036(xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(s\)) -.15 E .595(assigned in)144 724.8 R F1(name)3.095 E F0 5.595(.I)C(f) --5.595 E F1(name)3.095 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.095 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G -.595(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F1(name)3.095 E F0 .596 -(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.596 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q -(2009 December 29)135.965 E(19)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 700.8 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(19)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 20 20 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(@)144 84 Q F0(is used and the e)2.5 E -(xpansion appears within double quotes, each k)-.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 -H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 100.8 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(#)A F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 112.8 S -.471(rameter length.).1 F F0 .471(The length in characters of the v) -5.471 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .47 -(is substituted.)2.97 F(If)5.47 E F1(par)4.22 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 -124.8 Q F0(is)4.438 E F2(*)3.708 E F0(or)3.708 E F2(@)3.708 E F0 3.708 -(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 +-.35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(:?)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .535(Display Err)144 +96 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535(.I)C(f)-5.535 E F1(par) +4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535(is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.035 E(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F +.662(sage to that ef)144 108 R .662(fect if)-.25 F F1(wor)3.502 E(d)-.37 +E F0 .661(is not present\) is written to the standard error and the she\ +ll, if it is not)3.932 F(interacti)144 120 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G +2.5(xits. Otherwise,)-2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 132 Q F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F2(:+)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .745(Use Alter)144 144 R .745 +(nate V)-.15 F(alue)-.92 E F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F1(par)4.495 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .745 +(is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the e)3.975 F +(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 156 Q F1(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 168 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 +(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 180 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 +(of)A(fset)-.18 E F2(:)A F1(length)A F0(})A F2 .797(Substring Expansion) +144 192 R F0 5.797(.E)C .796(xpands to up to)-5.797 F F1(length)3.296 E +F0 .796(characters of)3.296 F F1(par)3.296 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .796 +(starting at the character)3.296 F .228(speci\214ed by)144 204 R F1(of) +2.728 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.228(.I)C(f)-5.228 E F1(length)2.728 E F0 .229 +(is omitted, e)2.729 F .229(xpands to the substring of)-.15 F F1(par) +2.729 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .229(starting at the char)2.729 F(-)-.2 E .433 +(acter speci\214ed by)144 216 R F1(of)2.933 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F1 +(length)5.433 E F0(and)2.933 E F1(of)2.933 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .433 +(are arithmetic e)2.933 F .433(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF .432(ARITHMETIC EV)2.933 F(ALU-)-1.215 E -.855(AT)144 228 S(ION).855 +E F0(belo)2.925 E 3.175(w\). If)-.25 F F1(of)3.175 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25 +(eva)3.175 G .676(luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .676 +(alue is used as an of)-.25 F .676(fset from)-.25 F .103 +(the end of the v)144 240 R .103(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.603 E(ameter) +-.15 E F0 5.103(.I)C(f)-5.103 E F1(length)2.603 E F0 -.25(eva)2.603 G +.103(luates to a number less than zero, and).25 F F1(par)2.602 E(ameter) +-.15 E F0(is)2.602 E(not)144 252 Q F2(@)3.642 E F0 1.142 +(and not an inde)3.642 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.642(do).15 G 3.642(ra)-3.642 G +(ssociati)-3.642 E 1.443 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 3.643(,i)-.65 G +3.643(ti)-3.643 G 3.643(si)-3.643 G 1.143(nterpreted as an of)-3.643 F +1.143(fset from the end of the)-.25 F -.25(va)144 264 S .038(lue of).25 +F F1(par)2.538 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .037 +(rather than a number of characters, and the e)2.538 F .037 +(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F .073(the tw)144 276 R 2.573 +(oo)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.573 G 2.573(sets. If).25 F F1(par)2.573 E(ameter) +-.15 E F0(is)2.574 E F2(@)2.574 E F0 2.574(,t)C .074(he result is)-2.574 +F F1(length)2.574 E F0 .074(positional parameters be)2.574 F .074 +(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of)2.574 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.074(.I)C(f)-5.074 E F1 +(par)144 288 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .205(is an inde)2.705 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.705(da).15 G .205(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the) +-2.705 F F1(length)2.705 E F0 .205(members of the)2.705 F .696(array be) +144 300 R .697(ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F1 +(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0 3.197(]}. A)B(ne)3.197 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E +-.15(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.347 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .697(is tak)3.197 F .697 +(en relati)-.1 F .997 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.197(oo).15 G .697 +(ne greater than)-3.197 F 1.404(the maximum inde)144 312 R 3.903(xo)-.15 +G 3.903(ft)-3.903 G 1.403(he speci\214ed array)-3.903 F 6.403(.S)-.65 G +1.403(ubstring e)-6.403 F 1.403(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 F +1.703 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 1.294(produces unde\214ned results.) +144 324 R 1.294(Note that a ne)6.294 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.595 +-.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G 1.295 +(set must be separated from the colon by at).25 F .959 +(least one space to a)144 336 R -.2(vo)-.2 G .959 +(id being confused with the :- e).2 F 3.458(xpansion. Substring)-.15 F +(inde)3.458 E .958(xing is zero-based)-.15 F .414 +(unless the positional parameters are used, in which case the inde)144 +348 R .415(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F 2.915(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of) +2.915 E(f-)-.18 E(set)144 360 Q F0 +(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.5 E F2($0)2.5 E F0 +(is pre\214x)2.5 E(ed to the list.)-.15 E(${)108 376.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A +(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F0(})A(${)108 388.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E +F2(@)A F0(})A F2 .085(Names matching pr)144 400.8 R(e\214x)-.18 E F0 +5.085(.E)C .084(xpands to the names of v)-5.085 F .084 +(ariables whose names be)-.25 F .084(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.584 E +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.584(,s)C(epa-)-2.584 E .257 +(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 412.8 R F3(IFS)2.757 E F0 +.257(special v)2.507 F 2.757(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.758 E F0 .258 +(is used and the e)2.758 F .258(xpansion appears)-.15 F +(within double quotes, each v)144 424.8 Q(ariable name e)-.25 E +(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 441.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name) +A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 453.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0 +(]})A F2 2.036(List of array k)144 465.6 R(eys)-.1 E F0 7.036(.I)C(f) +-7.036 E F1(name)4.536 E F0 2.036(is an array v)4.536 F 2.036 +(ariable, e)-.25 F 2.036(xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F +-.15(ey)-.1 G(s\)).15 E .595(assigned in)144 477.6 R F1(name)3.095 E F0 +5.595(.I)C(f)-5.595 E F1(name)3.095 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.095 F +3.095(,e)-.65 G .595(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F1(name)3.095 E F0 .596 +(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.596 E F1(@)144 489.6 Q F0 +(is used and the e)2.5 E(xpansion appears within double quotes, each k) +-.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 +506.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 518.4 S .471 +(rameter length).1 F F0 5.471(.T)C .471 +(he length in characters of the v)-5.471 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) +2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .47(is substituted.)2.97 F(If)5.47 E F1(par) +4.22 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 530.4 Q F0(is)4.438 E F2(*)3.708 E F0(or) +3.708 E F2(@)3.708 E F0 3.708(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 (alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If) 6.209 E F1(par)4.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.209(is an)4.439 F -(array name subscripted by)144 136.8 Q F2(*)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2(@)2.5 E +(array name subscripted by)144 542.4 Q F2(*)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he v)-2.5 E (alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 E(.)-.65 E -(${)108 153.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(#)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A -(${)108 165.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(##)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A -F2(Remo)144 177.6 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196 -(e\214x patter)-.18 F(n.)-.15 E F0(The)6.196 E F1(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E -F0 1.196(is e)4.466 F 1.196 +(${)108 559.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(#)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A +(${)108 571.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(##)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A +F2(Remo)144 583.2 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196 +(e\214x patter)-.18 F(n)-.15 E F0 6.196(.T)C(he)-6.196 E F1(wor)4.036 E +(d)-.37 E F0 1.196(is e)4.466 F 1.196 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F .151(name e)144 -189.6 R 2.651(xpansion. If)-.15 F .152(the pattern matches the be)2.652 +595.2 R 2.651(xpansion. If)-.15 F .152(the pattern matches the be)2.652 F .152(ginning of the v)-.15 F .152(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.652 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 2.652(,t).73 G .152(hen the result of)-2.652 F 1.4 -(the e)144 201.6 R 1.4(xpansion is the e)-.15 F 1.4(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.4 +(the e)144 607.2 R 1.4(xpansion is the e)-.15 F 1.4(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.4 (alue of)-.25 F F1(par)5.15 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.4 (with the shortest matching pattern \(the `)4.63 F(`)-.74 E F2(#)A F0 --.74('')C .281(case\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `)144 213.6 +-.74('')C .281(case\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `)144 619.2 R(`)-.74 E F2(##)A F0 1.761 -.74('' c)D .281(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If) 5.281 E F1(par)4.031 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.511 E F2(@)2.781 E F0(or) 2.781 E F2(*)2.782 E F0 2.782(,t)C .282(he pattern)-2.782 F(remo)144 -225.6 Q -.25(va)-.15 G 3.274(lo).25 G .774 +631.2 Q -.25(va)-.15 G 3.274(lo).25 G .774 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --3.274 F .774(xpansion is the resul-)-.15 F .401(tant list.)144 237.6 R +-3.274 F .774(xpansion is the resul-)-.15 F .401(tant list.)144 643.2 R (If)5.401 E F1(par)4.151 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .401(is an array v)3.631 F .401(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.901 E F0(or)2.901 E F2(*) 2.901 E F0 2.902(,t)C .402(he pattern remo)-2.902 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.902 (lo).25 G(peration)-2.902 E -(is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 249.6 Q -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 266.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F2(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 278.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F2(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 290.4 Q .347 -.1 -(ve m)-.1 H .147(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n.)-.15 E F0(The)5.147 E -F1(wor)2.647 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .146 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 -302.4 S 3.088(pansion. If).15 F .588 +(is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 655.2 Q +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 672 Q F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F2(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 684 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 +E F2(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 696 Q .347 -.1(ve m)-.1 H +.147(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 5.147(.T)C(he)-5.147 E F1 +(wor)2.647 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .146 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 708 +S 3.088(pansion. If).15 F .588 (the pattern matches a trailing portion of the e)3.088 F .588(xpanded v) -.15 F .588(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.088 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.088(,t).73 -G .588(hen the)-3.088 F .226(result of the e)144 314.4 R .226 +G .588(hen the)-3.088 F .226(result of the e)144 720 R .226 (xpansion is the e)-.15 F .226(xpanded v)-.15 F .226(alue of)-.25 F F1 (par)3.976 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .226 -(with the shortest matching pattern \(the)3.456 F -.74(``)144 326.4 S F2 -(%).74 E F0 1.521 -.74('' c)D .042 -(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2(%%)A F0 -1.522 -.74('' c)D .042(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.042 E F1(par)3.792 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.272 E F2(@)2.542 E F0(or)2.542 E F2(*)2.542 E F0 -2.542(,t)C(he)-2.542 E .441(pattern remo)144 338.4 R -.25(va)-.15 G -2.941(lo).25 G .441 +(with the shortest matching pattern \(the)3.456 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(20)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 21 21 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E -.74(``)144 84 S/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(%).74 E F0 1.521 -.74 +('' c)D .042(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 +E F1(%%)A F0 1.522 -.74('' c)D .042(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.042 E/F2 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)3.792 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.272 E F1(@)2.542 +E F0(or)2.542 E F1(*)2.542 E F0 2.542(,t)C(he)-2.542 E .441 +(pattern remo)144 96 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.941(lo).25 G .441 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --2.941 F .44(xpansion is the)-.15 F .24(resultant list.)144 350.4 R(If) -5.24 E F1(par)3.99 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .24(is an array v)3.47 F .241 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.741 E F0(or)2.741 E F2(*)2.741 E +-2.941 F .44(xpansion is the)-.15 F .24(resultant list.)144 108 R(If) +5.24 E F2(par)3.99 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .24(is an array v)3.47 F .241 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.741 E F0(or)2.741 E F1(*)2.741 E F0 2.741(,t)C .241(he pattern remo)-2.741 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.741(lo).25 G(per)-2.741 E(-)-.2 E -(ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 -362.4 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 379.2 Q F1(par)A -(ameter)-.15 E F2(/)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa) -144 391.2 S(tter).1 E 3.607(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution.)-3.607 E F0(The)6.107 -E F1(pattern)3.607 E F0 1.107(is e)3.607 F 1.106 +(ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 120 +Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 136.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F1(/)A F2(pattern)A F1(/)A F2(string)A F0(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 148.8 +S(tter).1 E 3.607(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.607 E F0 6.107(.T)C(he)-6.107 +E F2(pattern)3.607 E F0 1.107(is e)3.607 F 1.106 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion.)144 403.2 Q F1 -.8(Pa)6.033 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.033 -(is e)3.533 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern) +(sion.)144 160.8 Q F2 -.8(Pa)6.033 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.033 +(is e)3.533 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F2(pattern) 3.533 E F0(ag)3.533 E 1.034(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.034 -(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1(string)144 415.2 Q F0 5.161(.I)C(f) --5.161 E F1(pattern)2.661 E F0(be)2.661 E .161(gins with)-.15 F F2(/) -2.661 E F0 2.661(,a)C .161(ll matches of)-2.661 F F1(pattern)2.661 E F0 -.16(are replaced with)2.661 F F1(string)2.66 E F0 5.16(.N)C .16 -(ormally only the)-5.16 F .806(\214rst match is replaced.)144 427.2 R -(If)5.806 E F1(pattern)3.306 E F0(be)3.306 E .806(gins with)-.15 F F2(#) +(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F2(string)144 172.8 Q F0 5.161(.I)C(f) +-5.161 E F2(pattern)2.661 E F0(be)2.661 E .161(gins with)-.15 F F1(/) +2.661 E F0 2.661(,a)C .161(ll matches of)-2.661 F F2(pattern)2.661 E F0 +.16(are replaced with)2.661 F F2(string)2.66 E F0 5.16(.N)C .16 +(ormally only the)-5.16 F .806(\214rst match is replaced.)144 184.8 R +(If)5.806 E F2(pattern)3.306 E F0(be)3.306 E .806(gins with)-.15 F F1(#) 3.306 E F0 3.306(,i)C 3.307(tm)-3.306 G .807(ust match at the be)-3.307 -F .807(ginning of the e)-.15 F(xpanded)-.15 E -.25(va)144 439.2 S .621 -(lue of).25 F F1(par)3.121 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.621(.I)C(f)-5.621 E F1 -(pattern)3.121 E F0(be)3.121 E .621(gins with)-.15 F F2(%)3.121 E F0 +F .807(ginning of the e)-.15 F(xpanded)-.15 E -.25(va)144 196.8 S .621 +(lue of).25 F F2(par)3.121 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.621(.I)C(f)-5.621 E F2 +(pattern)3.121 E F0(be)3.121 E .621(gins with)-.15 F F1(%)3.121 E F0 3.121(,i)C 3.121(tm)-3.121 G .62(ust match at the end of the e)-3.121 F -.62(xpanded v)-.15 F .62(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)144 451.2 Q(ameter)-.15 E -F0 6.253(.I)C(f)-6.253 E F1(string)3.753 E F0 1.253(is null, matches of) -3.753 F F1(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.253(are deleted and the)3.753 F F2(/) -3.753 E F0(follo)3.753 E(wing)-.25 E F1(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.254(may be) -3.754 F 2.679(omitted. If)144 463.2 R F1(par)3.929 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is)3.409 E F2(@)2.679 E F0(or)2.679 E F2(*)2.679 E F0 2.679(,t)C .178 +.62(xpanded v)-.15 F .62(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)144 208.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E +F0 6.253(.I)C(f)-6.253 E F2(string)3.753 E F0 1.253(is null, matches of) +3.753 F F2(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.253(are deleted and the)3.753 F F1(/) +3.753 E F0(follo)3.753 E(wing)-.25 E F2(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.254(may be) +3.754 F 2.679(omitted. If)144 220.8 R F2(par)3.929 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(is)3.409 E F1(@)2.679 E F0(or)2.679 E F1(*)2.679 E F0 2.679(,t)C .178 (he substitution operation is applied to each positional parameter) --2.679 F .618(in turn, and the e)144 475.2 R .619 -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.619 E F1(par)4.369 E +-2.679 F .618(in turn, and the e)144 232.8 R .619 +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.619 E F2(par)4.369 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .619(is an array v)3.849 F .619 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)144 487.2 Q F0(or)3.224 E F2(*) +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)144 244.8 Q F0(or)3.224 E F1(*) 3.224 E F0 3.224(,t)C .723(he substitution operation is applied to each\ member of the array in turn, and the e)-3.224 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion is the resultant list.)144 499.2 Q(${)108 516 Q F1(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F2(^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 528 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2 -(^^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 540 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,)A F1 -(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 552 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A F1 -(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .437(Case modi\214cation.)144 564 R F0 .437(This e) -5.437 F .438(xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in) --.15 F F1(par)2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F1 -(pattern)144 576 Q F0 .814(is e)3.314 F .813 +(sion is the resultant list.)144 256.8 Q(${)108 273.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F1(^)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 285.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E +F1(^^)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 297.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(,)A +F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 309.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(,,)A F2 +(pattern)A F0(})A F1 .437(Case modi\214cation)144 321.6 R F0 5.437(.T)C +.437(his e)-5.437 F .438 +(xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F2(par) +2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F2(pattern)144 333.6 Q +F0 .814(is e)3.314 F .813 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.313 -(xpansion. The)-.15 F F2(^)3.313 E F0 .813(operator con)3.313 F -.15(ve) --.4 G(rts).15 E(lo)144 588 Q .18(wercase letters matching)-.25 F F1 -(pattern)2.681 E F0 .181(to uppercase; the)2.681 F F2(,)2.681 E F0 .181 +(xpansion. The)-.15 F F1(^)3.313 E F0 .813(operator con)3.313 F -.15(ve) +-.4 G(rts).15 E(lo)144 345.6 Q .18(wercase letters matching)-.25 F F2 +(pattern)2.681 E F0 .181(to uppercase; the)2.681 F F1(,)2.681 E F0 .181 (operator con)2.681 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .181(rts matching uppercase letters) -.15 F .085(to lo)144 600 R 2.585(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)2.585 E F0 -(and)2.585 E F2(,,)2.585 E F0 -.15(ex)2.585 G .085(pansions con).15 F +.15 F .085(to lo)144 357.6 R 2.585(wercase. The)-.25 F F1(^^)2.585 E F0 +(and)2.585 E F1(,,)2.585 E F0 -.15(ex)2.585 G .085(pansions con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .085(rt each matched character in the e).15 F .085 -(xpanded v)-.15 F .085(alue; the)-.25 F F2(^)2.585 E F0(and)144 612 Q F2 -(,)3.434 E F0 -.15(ex)3.434 G .934(pansions match and con).15 F -.15(ve) --.4 G .934(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .935(xpanded v) --.15 F 3.435(alue.. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)3.435 E F0(is)3.435 E 1.121 -(omitted, it is treated lik)144 624 R 3.621(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 3.621(,w) -C 1.121(hich matches e)-3.621 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.121(ry character).15 F -6.12(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.12 E F1(par)4.87 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.35 E F2(@) -3.62 E F0(or)3.62 E F2(*)3.62 E F0 3.62(,t)C 1.12(he case)-3.62 F 1.335 -(modi\214cation operation is applied to each positional parameter in tu\ -rn, and the e)144 636 R 1.335(xpansion is the)-.15 F 1.308 -(resultant list.)144 648 R(If)6.308 E F1(par)5.058 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -1.308(is an array v)4.538 F 1.308(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@) -3.808 E F0(or)3.808 E F2(*)3.808 E F0 3.808(,t)C 1.308 -(he case modi\214cation)-3.808 F +(xpanded v)-.15 F .085(alue; the)-.25 F F1(^)2.585 E F0(and)144 369.6 Q +F1(,)3.59 E F0 -.15(ex)3.59 G 1.09(pansions match and con).15 F -.15(ve) +-.4 G 1.091(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F 1.091 +(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.591(alue. If)-.25 F F2(pattern)3.591 E F0(is)3.591 E +1.121(omitted, it is treated lik)144 381.6 R 3.621(ea)-.1 G F1(?)A F0 +3.621(,w)C 1.121(hich matches e)-3.621 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.121 +(ry character).15 F 6.12(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.12 E F2(par)4.87 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0(is)4.35 E F1(@)3.62 E F0(or)3.62 E F1(*)3.62 E F0 3.62(,t)C 1.12 +(he case)-3.62 F 1.335(modi\214cation operation is applied to each posi\ +tional parameter in turn, and the e)144 393.6 R 1.335(xpansion is the) +-.15 F 1.308(resultant list.)144 405.6 R(If)6.308 E F2(par)5.058 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.308(is an array v)4.538 F 1.308 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)3.808 E F0(or)3.808 E F1(*)3.808 E +F0 3.808(,t)C 1.308(he case modi\214cation)-3.808 F (operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 -660 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E F2(Command Substitution)87 -676.8 Q F1 1.697(Command substitution)108 688.8 R F0(allo)4.197 E 1.697 -(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.698 -(There are tw)6.698 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 700.8 Q F2($\()144 722.4 Q F1 -(command)A F2(\))1.666 E F0(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29) -135.965 E(20)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 21 21 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(or)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<92>144 96 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)A F1<92>A(Bash)108 112.8 Q F0 .02 -(performs the e)2.52 F .02(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting) -.15 E F2(command)2.519 E F0 .019 -(and replacing the command substitution with the stan-)2.519 F .768 -(dard output of the command, with an)108 124.8 R 3.268(yt)-.15 G .768 +417.6 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E F1(Command Substitution) +87 434.4 Q F2 1.697(Command substitution)108 446.4 R F0(allo)4.197 E +1.697(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F +1.698(There are tw)6.698 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 458.4 Q F1($\()144 475.2 Q +F2(command)A F1(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 487.2 Q F1<92>144 499.2 Q F2 +(command)A F1<92>A(Bash)108 516 Q F0 .02(performs the e)2.52 F .02 +(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(command)2.519 E F0 +.019(and replacing the command substitution with the stan-)2.519 F .768 +(dard output of the command, with an)108 528 R 3.268(yt)-.15 G .768 (railing ne)-3.268 F .768(wlines deleted.)-.25 F .768(Embedded ne)5.768 -F .768(wlines are not deleted, b)-.25 F(ut)-.2 E(the)108 136.8 Q 3.219 -(ym)-.15 G .719(ay be remo)-3.219 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.219(dd).15 G .719 +F .768(wlines are not deleted, b)-.25 F(ut)-.2 E(the)108 540 Q 3.219(ym) +-.15 G .719(ay be remo)-3.219 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.219(dd).15 G .719 (uring w)-3.219 F .719(ord splitting.)-.1 F .719 (The command substitution)5.719 F F1($\(cat)3.219 E F2(\214le)3.219 E F1 -(\))A F0 .718(can be replaced by the)3.219 F(equi)108 148.8 Q -.25(va) --.25 G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F1($\(<)2.5 E F2(\214le)2.5 E -F1(\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution \ -is used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 165.6 R(xcept)-.15 -E .315(when follo)108 177.6 R .315(wed by)-.25 F F1($)2.815 E F0(,)A F1 +(\))A F0 .718(can be replaced by the)3.219 F(equi)108 552 Q -.25(va)-.25 +G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F1($\(<)2.5 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F1 +(\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution is\ + used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 568.8 R(xcept)-.15 E +.315(when follo)108 580.8 R .315(wed by)-.25 F F1($)2.815 E F0(,)A F1 <92>2.815 E F0 2.815(,o)C(r)-2.815 E F1(\\)2.815 E F0 5.315(.T)C .314(h\ e \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command \ -sub-)-5.315 F 3.886(stitution. When)108 189.6 R 1.386(using the $\() +sub-)-5.315 F 3.886(stitution. When)108 592.8 R 1.386(using the $\() 3.886 F F2(command).833 E F0 3.886(\)f)1.666 G 1.387 (orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.886 F 3.887(eu)-.1 G 3.887(pt)-3.887 G 1.387(he com-)-3.887 F -(mand; none are treated specially)108 201.6 Q(.)-.65 E .894 -(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 218.4 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H +(mand; none are treated specially)108 604.8 Q(.)-.65 E .894 +(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 621.6 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H .894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F -(quotes with backslashes.)108 230.4 Q .422 -(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 247.2 R .422 +(quotes with backslashes.)108 633.6 Q .422 +(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 650.4 R .422 (ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .423(xpansion are not performed)-.15 -F(on the results.)108 259.2 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 276 Q F0 1.035 -(Arithmetic e)108 288 R 1.035(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.035(ws the e)-.25 F --.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F 1.034 -(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F -(The format for arithmetic e)108 300 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\()144 -316.8 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A F0(The)108 333.6 Q -F2 -.2(ex)2.665 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 -(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.905 F .166 -(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F 1.075 -(treated specially)108 345.6 R 6.075(.A)-.65 G 1.074(ll tok)-6.075 F -1.074(ens in the e)-.1 F 1.074(xpression under)-.15 F 1.074 -(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.074(xpansion, string e)-.15 F 1.074 -(xpansion, command)-.15 F(substitution, and quote remo)108 357.6 Q -.25 -(va)-.15 G 2.5(l. Arithmetic).25 F -.15(ex)2.5 G -(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.378(The e)108 374.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G -1.378(luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F -3.878(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV) -3.878 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) -A F0(If)5.879 E F2 -.2(ex)108 386.4 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in) -2.74 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +F(on the results.)108 662.4 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 679.2 Q F0 +1.035(Arithmetic e)108 691.2 R 1.035(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.035 +(ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F +1.034(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F +(The format for arithmetic e)108 703.2 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\() +144 720 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A F0(GNU Bash-4.2)72 +768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(21)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 22 22 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E(The)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.665 G(pr).2 E +(ession)-.37 E F0 .165(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b) +2.905 F .166(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F 1.075 +(treated specially)108 96 R 6.075(.A)-.65 G 1.074(ll tok)-6.075 F 1.074 +(ens in the e)-.1 F 1.074(xpression under)-.15 F 1.074(go parameter e) +-.18 F 1.074(xpansion, string e)-.15 F 1.074(xpansion, command)-.15 F +(substitution, and quote remo)108 108 Q -.25(va)-.15 G 2.5 +(l. Arithmetic).25 F -.15(ex)2.5 G(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.378 +(The e)108 124.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 +(luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu) +-.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F +(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 +(If)5.879 E F1 -.2(ex)108 136.8 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E +-.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0 (prints a message indicating f)2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.) --.1 E F1(Pr)87 403.2 Q(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 415.2 Q .971 +-.1 E F4(Pr)87 153.6 Q(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F1(Pr)108 165.6 Q .971 (ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 .971 -(is supported on systems that support named pipes \()3.471 F F2(FIFOs)A -F0 3.47(\)o)C 3.47(rt)-3.47 G(he)-3.47 E F1(/de)3.47 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0 -.97(method of)3.47 F .021(naming open \214les.)108 427.2 R .021(It tak) -5.021 F .021(es the form of)-.1 F F1(<\()2.521 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E -F0(or)2.521 E F1(>\()2.521 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 5.021(.T)C .021 -(he process)-5.021 F F2(list)2.521 E F0 .021 -(is run with its input or output con-)2.521 F .059(nected to a)108 439.2 -R F2(FIFO)2.559 E F0 .058(or some \214le in)2.559 F F1(/de)2.558 E(v/fd) +(is supported on systems that support named pipes \()3.471 F F1(FIFOs)A +F0 3.47(\)o)C 3.47(rt)-3.47 G(he)-3.47 E F4(/de)3.47 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0 +.97(method of)3.47 F .021(naming open \214les.)108 177.6 R .021(It tak) +5.021 F .021(es the form of)-.1 F F4(<\()2.521 E F1(list)A F4(\)).833 E +F0(or)2.521 E F4(>\()2.521 E F1(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0 5.021(.T)C .021 +(he process)-5.021 F F1(list)2.521 E F0 .021 +(is run with its input or output con-)2.521 F .059(nected to a)108 189.6 +R F1(FIFO)2.559 E F0 .058(or some \214le in)2.559 F F4(/de)2.558 E(v/fd) -.15 E F0 5.058(.T)C .058(he name of this \214le is passed as an ar) -5.058 F .058(gument to the current com-)-.18 F .13 -(mand as the result of the e)108 451.2 R 2.63(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the) -2.63 E F1(>\()2.63 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .13 +(mand as the result of the e)108 201.6 R 2.63(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the) +2.63 E F4(>\()2.63 E F1(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0 .13 (form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)2.63 F .131 -(vide input for)-.15 F F2(list)2.631 E F0(.)A(If the)108 463.2 Q F1(<\() -2.5 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 +(vide input for)-.15 F F1(list)2.631 E F0(.)A(If the)108 213.6 Q F4(<\() +2.5 E F1(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0 (form is used, the \214le passed as an ar)2.5 E -(gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 -(.)A .897(When a)108 480 R -.25(va)-.2 G .896(ilable, process substitut\ -ion is performed simultaneously with parameter and v).25 F .896 +(gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 E F1(list)2.5 E F0 +(.)A .897(When a)108 230.4 R -.25(va)-.2 G .896(ilable, process substit\ +ution is performed simultaneously with parameter and v).25 F .896 (ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E -(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 492 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 --.75(Wo)87 508.8 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.142 -(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 520.8 R 1.143 +(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 242.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F4 +-.75(Wo)87 259.2 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.142 +(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 271.2 R 1.143 (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.143 -(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 532.8 Q -F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 -(The shell treats each character of)108 549.6 R F3(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 +(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 283.2 Q +F1(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 +(The shell treats each character of)108 300 R F2(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 (as a delimiter)2.313 F 2.563(,a)-.4 G .063 (nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w) --.15 F(ords)-.1 E 1.788(on these characters.)108 561.6 R(If)6.788 E F3 +-.15 F(ords)-.1 E 1.788(on these characters.)108 312 R(If)6.788 E F2 (IFS)4.288 E F0 1.788(is unset, or its v)4.038 F 1.789(alue is e)-.25 F -(xactly)-.15 E F1(<space><tab><newline>)4.289 E F0 4.289(,t)C 1.789 -(he def)-4.289 F 1.789(ault, then)-.1 F .022(sequences of)108 573.6 R F1 -(<space>)2.522 E F0(,)A F1(<tab>)2.522 E F0 2.521(,a)C(nd)-2.521 E F1 +(xactly)-.15 E F4(<space><tab><newline>)4.289 E F0 4.289(,t)C 1.789 +(he def)-4.289 F 1.789(ault, then)-.1 F .022(sequences of)108 324 R F4 +(<space>)2.522 E F0(,)A F4(<tab>)2.522 E F0 2.521(,a)C(nd)-2.521 E F4 (<newline>)2.521 E F0 .021(at the be)2.521 F .021 (ginning and end of the results of the pre)-.15 F .021(vious e)-.25 F -(xpan-)-.15 E .585(sions are ignored, and an)108 585.6 R 3.086(ys)-.15 G -.586(equence of)-3.086 F F3(IFS)3.086 E F0 .586 +(xpan-)-.15 E .585(sions are ignored, and an)108 336 R 3.086(ys)-.15 G +.586(equence of)-3.086 F F2(IFS)3.086 E F0 .586 (characters not at the be)2.836 F .586(ginning or end serv)-.15 F .586 -(es to delimit w)-.15 F(ords.)-.1 E(If)108 597.6 Q F3(IFS)3.617 E F0 -1.117(has a v)3.367 F 1.117(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.117 -(ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F1(space)3.617 -E F0(and)3.617 E F1(tab)3.617 E F0(are)3.617 E .315(ignored at the be) -108 609.6 R .315(ginning and end of the w)-.15 F .315 +(es to delimit w)-.15 F(ords.)-.1 E(If)108 348 Q F2(IFS)3.617 E F0 1.117 +(has a v)3.367 F 1.117(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.117 +(ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F4(space)3.617 +E F0(and)3.617 E F4(tab)3.617 E F0(are)3.617 E .315(ignored at the be) +108 360 R .315(ginning and end of the w)-.15 F .315 (ord, as long as the whitespace character is in the v)-.1 F .315 -(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)2.815 E F0(\(an)2.566 E F3(IFS)108 621.6 Q F0 -1.054(whitespace character\).)3.304 F(An)6.054 E 3.554(yc)-.15 G 1.054 -(haracter in)-3.554 F F3(IFS)3.554 E F0 1.053(that is not)3.303 F F3 +(alue of)-.25 F F2(IFS)2.815 E F0(\(an)2.566 E F2(IFS)108 372 Q F0 1.054 +(whitespace character\).)3.304 F(An)6.054 E 3.554(yc)-.15 G 1.054 +(haracter in)-3.554 F F2(IFS)3.554 E F0 1.053(that is not)3.303 F F2 (IFS)3.553 E F0 1.053(whitespace, along with an)3.303 F 3.553(ya)-.15 G -(djacent)-3.553 E F3(IFS)3.553 E F0 .331 -(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)108 633.6 R 2.831(As)5.331 G -.332(equence of)-2.831 F F3(IFS)2.832 E F0 .332 -(whitespace characters is also treated as a delim-)2.582 F(iter)108 -645.6 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E -F0(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.879 -(Explicit null ar)108 662.4 R 1.879(guments \()-.18 F F1 .833("").833 G -F0(or)3.545 E F1 .833<0808>5.211 G F0 4.378(\)a)C 1.878(re retained.) +(djacent)-3.553 E F2(IFS)3.553 E F0 .331 +(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)108 384 R 2.831(As)5.331 G +.332(equence of)-2.831 F F2(IFS)2.832 E F0 .332 +(whitespace characters is also treated as a delim-)2.582 F(iter)108 396 +Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(IFS)2.5 E F0 +(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.879 +(Explicit null ar)108 412.8 R 1.879(guments \()-.18 F F4 .833("").833 G +F0(or)3.545 E F4 .833<0808>5.211 G F0 4.378(\)a)C 1.878(re retained.) -4.378 F 1.878(Unquoted implicit null ar)6.878 F 1.878 -(guments, resulting from the)-.18 F -.15(ex)108 674.4 S .176 +(guments, resulting from the)-.18 F -.15(ex)108 424.8 S .176 (pansion of parameters that ha).15 F .476 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.676(ov).15 G .176(alues, are remo)-2.926 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. If).15 F 2.677(ap) 2.677 G .177(arameter with no v)-2.677 F .177(alue is e)-.25 F .177 -(xpanded within)-.15 F(double quotes, a null ar)108 686.4 Q -(gument results and is retained.)-.18 E(Note that if no e)108 703.2 Q -(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 -Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(21)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 22 22 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.1(Pa)87 84 S(thname Expansion).1 E F0 -.371(After w)108 96 R .371(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F1<ad66>2.871 -E F0 .371(option has been set,)2.871 F F1(bash)2.871 E F0 .37 -(scans each w)2.87 F .37(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.87 E F0(,)A -F1(?)2.87 E F0 2.87(,a)C(nd)-2.87 E F1([)2.87 E F0(.)A .677 -(If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 108 R .677 -(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)3.177 E F0 3.177(,a).24 G .678 -(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F 1.457 -(cally sorted list of \214le names matching the pattern.)108 120 R 1.456 -(If no matching \214le names are found, and the shell)6.457 F(option)108 -132 Q F1(nullglob)2.537 E F0 .038(is not enabled, the w)2.537 F .038 -(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .038(If the)5.038 F F1(nullglob)2.538 E F0 -.038(option is set, and no matches are)2.538 F .306(found, the w)108 144 -R .306(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.806(d. If).15 F(the)2.805 E F1 -(failglob)2.805 E F0 .305 +(xpanded within)-.15 F(double quotes, a null ar)108 436.8 Q +(gument results and is retained.)-.18 E(Note that if no e)108 453.6 Q +(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F4 -.1(Pa)87 470.4 S +(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .371(After w)108 482.4 R .371 +(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F4<ad66>2.871 E F0 .371 +(option has been set,)2.871 F F4(bash)2.871 E F0 .37(scans each w)2.87 F +.37(ord for the characters)-.1 F F4(*)2.87 E F0(,)A F4(?)2.87 E F0 2.87 +(,a)C(nd)-2.87 E F4([)2.87 E F0(.)A .677 +(If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 494.4 R .677 +(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F F1(pattern)3.177 E +F0 3.177(,a).24 G .678(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F 1.457 +(cally sorted list of \214le names matching the pattern.)108 506.4 R +1.456(If no matching \214le names are found, and the shell)6.457 F +(option)108 518.4 Q F4(nullglob)2.537 E F0 .038(is not enabled, the w) +2.537 F .038(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .038(If the)5.038 F F4 +(nullglob)2.538 E F0 .038(option is set, and no matches are)2.538 F .306 +(found, the w)108 530.4 R .306(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.806 +(d. If).15 F(the)2.805 E F4(failglob)2.805 E F0 .305 (shell option is set, and no matches are found, an error message)2.805 F -.928(is printed and the command is not e)108 156 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.428 -(cuted. If).15 F .928(the shell option)3.428 F F1(nocaseglob)3.428 E F0 -.929(is enabled, the match is per)3.429 F(-)-.2 E .033 -(formed without re)108 168 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .033 +.928(is printed and the command is not e)108 542.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.428(cuted. If).15 F .928(the shell option)3.428 F F4(nocaseglob)3.428 +E F0 .929(is enabled, the match is per)3.429 F(-)-.2 E .033 +(formed without re)108 554.4 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .033 (rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .032 (When a pattern is used for pathname e)5.032 F(xpansion,)-.15 E .104 -(the character)108 180 R F1 -.63(``)2.604 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 +(the character)108 566.4 R F4 -.63(``)2.604 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .104(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.104 F .105 (wing a slash must be matched e)-.25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.605(,u)-.65 G -(nless)-2.605 E .888(the shell option)108 192 R F1(dotglob)3.388 E F0 +(nless)-2.605 E .888(the shell option)108 578.4 R F4(dotglob)3.388 E F0 .888(is set.)3.388 F .887 (When matching a pathname, the slash character must al)5.888 F -.1(wa) --.1 G .887(ys be matched).1 F -.15(ex)108 204 S(plicitly).15 E 6.165(.I) --.65 G 3.665(no)-6.165 G 1.165(ther cases, the)-3.665 F F1 -.63(``)3.665 -G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 1.166(character is not treated specially) -6.165 F 6.166(.S)-.65 G 1.166(ee the description of)-6.166 F F1(shopt) -3.666 E F0(belo)3.666 E(w)-.25 E(under)108 216 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.478(SHELL B)2.978 F(UIL)-.09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .477 -(for a description of the)2.728 F F1(nocaseglob)2.977 E F0(,)A F1 -(nullglob)2.977 E F0(,)A F1(failglob)2.977 E F0 2.977(,a)C(nd)-2.977 E -F1(dotglob)2.977 E F0(shell options.)108 228 Q(The)108 244.8 Q F3 -(GLOBIGNORE)2.63 E F0 .13(shell v)2.38 F .131 +-.1 G .887(ys be matched).1 F -.15(ex)108 590.4 S(plicitly).15 E 6.165 +(.I)-.65 G 3.665(no)-6.165 G 1.165(ther cases, the)-3.665 F F4 -.63(``) +3.665 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 1.166 +(character is not treated specially)6.165 F 6.166(.S)-.65 G 1.166 +(ee the description of)-6.166 F F4(shopt)3.666 E F0(belo)3.666 E(w)-.25 +E(under)108 602.4 Q F2 .478(SHELL B)2.978 F(UIL)-.09 E .478 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .477(for a description of the)2.728 F F4 +(nocaseglob)2.977 E F0(,)A F4(nullglob)2.977 E F0(,)A F4(failglob)2.977 +E F0 2.977(,a)C(nd)-2.977 E F4(dotglob)2.977 E F0(shell options.)108 +614.4 Q(The)108 631.2 Q F2(GLOBIGNORE)2.63 E F0 .13(shell v)2.38 F .131 (ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214le names matching a)-.25 -F F2(pattern)2.631 E F0 5.131(.I).24 G(f)-5.131 E F3(GLO-)2.631 E -(BIGNORE)108 256.8 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214le name that al\ -so matches one of the patterns in)4.265 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)4.515 E F0(is) -4.264 E(remo)108 268.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.503(df).15 G .003 -(rom the list of matches.)-2.503 F .003(The \214le names)5.003 F F1 -.63 -(``)2.503 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.003 E F1 -.63(``)2.503 G(..) +F F1(pattern)2.631 E F0 5.131(.I).24 G(f)-5.131 E F2(GLO-)2.631 E +(BIGNORE)108 643.2 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214le name that al\ +so matches one of the patterns in)4.265 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)4.515 E F0(is) +4.264 E(remo)108 655.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.503(df).15 G .003 +(rom the list of matches.)-2.503 F .003(The \214le names)5.003 F F4 -.63 +(``)2.503 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.003 E F4 -.63(``)2.503 G(..) .63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .004(are al)5.633 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .004 -(ys ignored when).1 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.504 E F0(is)2.254 E .046 -(set and not null.)108 280.8 R(Ho)5.046 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .846 --.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.546 E F0 .046 +(ys ignored when).1 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)2.504 E F0(is)2.254 E .046 +(set and not null.)108 667.2 R(Ho)5.046 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .846 +-.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)2.546 E F0 .046 (to a non-null v)2.296 F .045(alue has the ef)-.25 F .045 -(fect of enabling the)-.25 F F1(dotglob)2.545 E F0 .613 -(shell option, so all other \214le names be)108 292.8 R .614 -(ginning with a)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)3.114 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .614 +(fect of enabling the)-.25 F F4(dotglob)2.545 E F0 .613 +(shell option, so all other \214le names be)108 679.2 R .614 +(ginning with a)-.15 F F4 -.63(``)3.114 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .614 (will match.)5.614 F 2.214 -.8(To g)5.614 H .614(et the old beha).8 F -.614(vior of ignoring)-.2 F .457(\214le names be)108 304.8 R .457 -(ginning with a)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.957 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 -2.957(,m)C(ak)-2.957 E(e)-.1 E F1 -.63(``)2.957 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 -.457(one of the patterns in)5.457 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.957 E/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(The)4.957 E F1(dotglob)2.956 E F0 .456 -(option is)2.956 F(disabled when)108 316.8 Q F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -(is unset.)2.25 E F1 -.1(Pa)108 333.6 S(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching) --2.5 E F0(An)108 350.4 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(haracter that appears in \ -a pattern, other than the special pattern characters described belo) --3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 3.62(itself. The)108 362.4 -R 1.12(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.)3.62 F 3.62(Ab)6.12 G -1.12(ackslash escapes the follo)-3.62 F 1.12(wing character; the)-.25 F -.576(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 374.4 R .576 +.614(vior of ignoring)-.2 F .457(\214le names be)108 691.2 R .457 +(ginning with a)-.15 F F4 -.63(``)2.957 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 +2.957(,m)C(ak)-2.957 E(e)-.1 E F4 -.63(``)2.957 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 +.457(one of the patterns in)5.457 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)2.957 E F3(.)A F0(The) +4.957 E F4(dotglob)2.956 E F0 .456(option is)2.956 F(disabled when)108 +703.2 Q F2(GLOBIGNORE)2.5 E F0(is unset.)2.25 E F4 -.1(Pa)108 720 S +(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(22)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 23 23 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E(An)108 84 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(haracter that appears in a patt\ +ern, other than the special pattern characters described belo)-3.138 F +1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 3.62(itself. The)108 96 R 1.12 +(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.)3.62 F 3.62(Ab)6.12 G 1.12 +(ackslash escapes the follo)-3.62 F 1.12(wing character; the)-.25 F .576 +(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 108 R .576 (The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.576 F 3.076(ya) --.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 386.4 Q(.)-.65 E -(The special pattern characters ha)108 403.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)108 420 Q F0 .455(Matches an) -31 F 2.955(ys)-.15 G .455(tring, including the null string.)-2.955 F -.455(When the)5.455 F F1(globstar)2.955 E F0 .455 -(shell option is enabled, and)2.955 F F1(*)2.955 E F0(is)2.955 E .314 -(used in a pathname e)144 432 R .314(xpansion conte)-.15 F .314(xt, tw) --.15 F 2.814(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-2.814 E F1(*)2.814 E F0 2.814(su)C .314 -(sed as a single pattern will match all \214les)-2.814 F 1.183 -(and zero or more directories and subdirectories.)144 444 R 1.183 -(If follo)6.183 F 1.183(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.683 E F0 3.683(,t)C 1.383 --.1(wo a)-3.683 H(djacent).1 E F1(*)3.683 E F0 3.683(sw)C 1.183 -(ill match)-3.683 F(only directories and subdirectories.)144 456 Q F1(?) -108 468 Q F0(Matches an)31 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 -E F1([...])108 480 Q F0 .256(Matches an)21.84 F 2.756(yo)-.15 G .257 -(ne of the enclosed characters.)-2.756 F 2.757(Ap)5.257 G .257 -(air of characters separated by a h)-2.757 F .257(yphen denotes a)-.05 F -F2 -.15(ra)144 492 S(ng).15 E 3.29(ee)-.1 G(xpr)-3.49 E(ession)-.37 E F0 -3.29(;a)C 1.09 -.15(ny c)-3.29 H .789 -(haracter that sorts between those tw).15 F 3.289(oc)-.1 G .789 -(haracters, inclusi)-3.289 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.289(,u).15 G .789 -(sing the cur)-3.289 F(-)-.2 E .349(rent locale')144 504 R 2.849(sc)-.55 -G .349(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-2.849 F .35 -(If the \214rst character follo)5.349 F .35(wing the)-.25 F F1([)2.85 E -F0 .564(is a)144 516 R F1(!)3.064 E F0 .564(or a)5.564 F F1(^)3.064 E F0 -.564(then an)3.064 F 3.064(yc)-.15 G .564 -(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.064 F .563 -(The sorting order of characters in range)5.564 F -.15(ex)144 528 S .467 -(pressions is determined by the current locale and the v).15 F .467 -(alue of the)-.25 F F3(LC_COLLA)2.967 E(TE)-.855 E F0 .467(shell v)2.717 -F(ariable,)-.25 E 1.077(if set.)144 540 R(A)6.077 E F1<ad>3.577 E F0 -1.077(may be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character i\ -n the set.)3.577 F(A)6.076 E F1(])3.576 E F0 1.076(may be)3.576 F -(matched by including it as the \214rst character in the set.)144 552 Q --.4(Wi)144 570 S(thin).4 E F1([)2.914 E F0(and)2.914 E F1(])2.914 E F0 -(,)A F2 -.15(ch)2.914 G(ar).15 E .414(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .415 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)2.915 F F1([:)2.915 E F2(class)A F1 -(:])A F0 2.915(,w)C(here)-2.915 E F2(class)2.915 E F0 .415(is one of) -2.915 F(the follo)144 582 Q -(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 5.421 -(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)144 594 R 5.421 -(wer print punct space upper w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E(xdigit)144 606 Q F0 2.518 -(Ac)144 618 S .018(haracter class matches an)-2.518 F 2.518(yc)-.15 G -.019(haracter belonging to that class.)-2.518 F(The)5.019 E F1 -.1(wo) -2.519 G(rd).1 E F0 .019(character class matches)2.519 F -(letters, digits, and the character _.)144 630 Q -.4(Wi)144 648 S(thin) -.4 E F1([)3.547 E F0(and)3.547 E F1(])3.547 E F0 3.547(,a)C(n)-3.547 E -F2 1.046(equivalence class)3.546 F F0 1.046 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.546 F F1([=)3.546 E F2(c)A F1(=]) -A F0 3.546(,w)C 1.046(hich matches all)-3.546 F(characters with the sam\ -e collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as the charac\ -ter)144 660 Q F2(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)144 678 S(thin).4 E F1([)2.5 E F0 -(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.)2.5 E F2 -(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F2(symbol)2.5 E -F0(.)A .704(If the)108 694.8 R F1(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705 +-.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 120 Q(.)-.65 E +(The special pattern characters ha)108 136.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(*)144 153.6 +Q F0 .377(Matches an)31 F 2.877(ys)-.15 G .376 +(tring, including the null string.)-2.877 F .376(When the)5.376 F F1 +(globstar)2.876 E F0 .376(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 165.6 +Q F1(*)3.275 E F0 .775(is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775 +(xpansion conte)-.15 F .775(xt, tw)-.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 +E F1(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775(sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058 +(will match all \214les and zero or more directories and subdirectories\ +.)180 177.6 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.558 E +F0(,)A(tw)180 189.6 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C +(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 201.6 Q +F0(Matches an)31 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 +([...])144 213.6 Q F0 .578(Matches an)21.84 F 3.078(yo)-.15 G .578 +(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.078 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .579 +(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .537 +(denotes a)180 225.6 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)3.037 G(ng).15 E +3.037(ee)-.1 G(xpr)-3.237 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.037(;a)C .837 -.15(ny c) +-3.037 H .537(haracter that sorts between those tw).15 F 3.036(oc)-.1 G +.536(haracters, inclu-)-3.036 F(si)180 237.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.712(,u) +.15 G 1.212(sing the current locale')-3.712 F 3.712(sc)-.55 G 1.212 +(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F 1.213(If the) +6.213 F 1.124(\214rst character follo)180 249.6 R 1.124(wing the)-.25 F +F1([)3.624 E F0 1.124(is a)3.624 F F1(!)3.624 E F0 1.124(or a)6.124 F F1 +(^)3.623 E F0 1.123(then an)3.623 F 3.623(yc)-.15 G 1.123 +(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.623 F .894 +(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 261.6 R .895 +(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .258(and the v) +180 273.6 R .257(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(LC_COLLA)2.757 +E(TE)-.855 E F0 .257(shell v)2.507 F .257(ariable, if set.)-.25 F(A) +5.257 E F1<ad>2.757 E F0 .257(may be matched by includ-)2.757 F .78 +(ing it as the \214rst or last character in the set.)180 285.6 R(A)5.78 +E F1(])3.28 E F0 .78(may be matched by including it as the)3.28 F +(\214rst character in the set.)180 297.6 Q -.4(Wi)180 315.6 S(thin).4 E +F1([)3.071 E F0(and)3.071 E F1(])3.071 E F0(,)A F2 -.15(ch)3.071 G(ar) +.15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.07 E F2(class)A F1 +(:])A F0 3.07(,w)C(here)-3.07 E F2(class)3.07 E F0(is one of the follo) +180 327.6 Q(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 +8.173(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 339.6 R 8.173 +(wer print punct space)-.1 F 5(upper w)180 351.6 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0 +4.29(Ac)180 363.6 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.29 F 4.289(yc) +-.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 +-.1(wo)4.289 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.289 E +(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 375.6 Q -.4(Wi) +180 393.6 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F1(])4.536 E F0 4.536 +(,a)C(n)-4.536 E F2 2.036(equivalence class)4.536 F F0 2.037 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.537 E F2(c)A F1(=]) +A F0 4.537(,w)C(hich)-4.537 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ + collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 405.6 R +(the character)180 417.6 Q F2(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 435.6 S(thin).4 +E F1([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.) +2.5 E F2(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F2 +(symbol)2.5 E F0(.)A .704(If the)108 452.4 R F1(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705 (shell option is enabled using the)3.204 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.205 G .705(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .705(ral e).15 F .705 (xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .256(are recognized.)108 -706.8 R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F2 +464.4 R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F2 (pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255 (is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.755 E F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo) -108 718.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q -(2009 December 29)135.965 E(22)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 23 23 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(?\()144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +108 476.4 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 500.4 Q F2 (pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0 -(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 96 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 108 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)) -.833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 120 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 132 Q F2(pattern-list).833 -E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 144 Q --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 156 Q F2 -(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 168 Q --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 180 Q F2 -(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches an)180 192 Q(ything e)-.15 -E(xcept one of the gi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E -F1(Quote Remo)87 208.8 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.112 -(After the preceding e)108 220.8 R 1.112 +(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 512.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 524.4 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 +(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 536.4 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 548.4 Q F2 +(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0 +(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 560.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 572.4 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 +(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 584.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np) +.15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 596.4 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)) +.833 E F0(Matches an)180 608.4 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi) +-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(Quote Remo)87 625.2 +Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.112(After the preceding e)108 637.2 R 1.112 (xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\) 3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F1(")4.446 E F0 -1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 232.8 Q .3 --.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F3 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 249.6 Q F0 .545 -(Before a command is e)108 261.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 +1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 649.2 Q .3 +-.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F4 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 666 Q F0 .545 +(Before a command is e)108 678 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 (cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F2 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E (ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .616 -(by the shell.)108 273.6 R .617(Redirection may also be used to open an\ -d close \214les for the current shell e)5.616 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .617 -(cution en).15 F(viron-)-.4 E 3.275(ment. The)108 285.6 R(follo)3.275 E +(by the shell.)108 690 R .617(Redirection may also be used to open and \ +close \214les for the current shell e)5.616 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .617 +(cution en).15 F(viron-)-.4 E 3.275(ment. The)108 702 R(follo)3.275 E .774(wing redirection operators may precede or appear an)-.25 F .774 (ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .774(simple command)3.614 F F0(or)4.044 E -(may follo)108 297.6 Q 2.5(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5(.R).77 G +(may follo)108 714 Q 2.5(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5(.R).77 G (edirections are processed in the order the)-5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(ppear) -2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Each redirection tha\ t may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number may instead be preceded\ - by a w)108 314.4 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293(the form {)108 326.4 R F2 -(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 -(this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293 -(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.498<618c>108 338.4 -S .999(le descriptor greater than 10 and assign it to)-3.498 F F2 + by a w)108 730.8 R .772(ord of)-.1 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(23)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 24 24 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E .293(the form {)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(varname)A F0 +2.793(}. In)B .293(this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F +.293(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.498<618c>108 96 +S .999(le descriptor greater than 10 and assign it to)-3.498 F F1 (varname)3.499 E F0 5.999(.I)C 3.499(f>)-5.999 G .999 -(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.499 F F2(varname)A F0 .999(}, the)B -.25 -(va)108 350.4 S(lue of).25 E F2(varname)2.5 E F0 +(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.499 F F1(varname)A F0 .999(}, the)B -.25 +(va)108 108 S(lue of).25 E F1(varname)2.5 E F0 (de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)2.5 E .284(In the follo)108 -367.2 R .283(wing descriptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omit\ +124.8 R .283(wing descriptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omit\ ted, and the \214rst character of the redirect-)-.25 F .512 -(ion operator is)108 379.2 R F1(<)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 +(ion operator is)108 136.8 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(<)3.012 E F0 3.012 +(,t)C .512 (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).) -3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F -(redirection operator is)108 391.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C +(redirection operator is)108 148.8 Q F2(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).) --2.5 E .825(The w)108 408 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 +-2.5 E .825(The w)108 165.6 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 (wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824 (wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .772 -(jected to brace e)108 420 R .773(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .773 +(jected to brace e)108 177.6 R .773(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .773 (xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .773 (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E .844 -(sion, quote remo)108 432 R -.25(va)-.15 G .843(l, pathname e).25 F .843 -(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .843(ord splitting.)-.1 F .843(If it e)5.843 F -.843(xpands to more than one w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.343 E F0 -(reports an error)108 444 Q(.)-.55 E -(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 460.8 Q -.15 -(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 477.6 Q F1(>)2.5 -E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A -(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 494.4 -Q F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 -511.2 Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .527 -(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 528 R F2(dirlist)3.027 E -F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)-3.027 F .527 +(sion, quote remo)108 189.6 R -.25(va)-.15 G .843(l, pathname e).25 F +.843(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .843(ord splitting.)-.1 F .843(If it e)5.843 +F .843(xpands to more than one w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E F2(bash)3.343 E F0 +(reports an error)108 201.6 Q(.)-.55 E +(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 218.4 Q -.15 +(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 235.2 Q F2(>)2.5 +E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F0(1)A +(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 252 Q +F1(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 268.8 +Q F2(>&)A F0(1)A F2(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .527 +(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 285.6 R F1(dirlist)3.027 +E F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)-3.027 F .527 (as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F -(output before the standard output w)108 540 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E F2 -(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 556.8 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 F --.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) +(output before the standard output w)108 297.6 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E +F1(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F2(Bash)108 314.4 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) -.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F -(wing)-.25 E(table:)108 568.8 Q F1(/de)144 585.6 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E F2(fd)A -F0(If)180 597.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)-.15 -E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is duplicated.)2.5 -E F1(/de)144 609.6 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.) -180 621.6 Q F1(/de)144 633.6 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 -(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 645.6 Q F1(/de)144 657.6 Q -(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 669.6 Q F1(/de) -144 681.6 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 693.6 Q -F2(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 +(wing)-.25 E(table:)108 326.4 Q F2(/de)144 343.2 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E F1(fd)A +F0(If)180 355.2 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)-.15 +E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0(is duplicated.)2.5 +E F2(/de)144 367.2 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.) +180 379.2 Q F2(/de)144 391.2 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 +(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 403.2 Q F2(/de)144 415.2 Q +(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 427.2 Q F2(/de) +144 439.2 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F1(host)A F2(/)A F1(port)A F0(If)180 451.2 Q +F1(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F1(port)2.997 E F0 .497 (is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 705.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(vice name,)180 463.2 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open a TCP connection to the corresponding sock)2.5 E(et.) --.1 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(23)185.955 E 0 Cg -EP -%%Page: 24 24 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 96 Q F2(host)2.997 -E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497(alid hostname or Internet address, and) --.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496(is an inte)2.996 F .496 -(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E(vice name,)180 108 Q F1(bash)2.5 -E F0(attempts to open a UDP connection to the corresponding sock)2.5 E -(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 124.8 S +-.1 E F2(/de)144 475.2 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F1(host)A F2(/)A F1(port)A F0(If) +180 487.2 Q F1(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F1(port)2.996 E F0 .496 +(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(vice name,)180 499.2 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0 +(attempts to open a UDP connection to the corresponding sock)2.5 E(et.) +-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 516 S (ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f)-2.6 E (ail.)-.1 E .946(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater than 9 s\ -hould be used with care, as the)108 141.6 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947 +hould be used with care, as the)108 532.8 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947 (ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.447 F -(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 153.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 -170.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 +(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 544.8 Q(.)-.65 E F2(Redir)87 +561.6 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 (Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 182.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 -(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 194.4 Q F2 +108 573.6 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 +(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 585.6 Q F1 (n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G -(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0 +(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0 (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E -(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 211.2 Q([)144 228 Q F2 -(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 244.8 Q(ecting Output) +(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 602.4 Q([)144 619.2 Q +F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F2(Redir)87 636 Q(ecting Output) -.18 E F0 .174 (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 256.8 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175 -(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 268.8 -R F2(n)3.325 E F0 3.325(,o).24 G 3.325(rt)-3.325 G .824 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.325 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 +108 648 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175 +(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 660 R +F1(n)3.325 E F0 3.325(,o).24 G 3.325(rt)-3.325 G .824 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.325 F F1(n)3.684 E F0 .824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .824(If the \214le does not)5.824 F --.15(ex)108 280.8 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E +-.15(ex)108 672 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E -(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 297.6 Q([)144 314.4 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154 -(If the redirection operator is)108 331.2 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C -.154(nd the)-2.654 F F1(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) -2.654 F F1(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155 -(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 343.2 R -.658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657 -(ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-) -5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 355.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C -2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E -F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409 -(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409 +(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 688.8 Q([)144 705.6 Q +F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154 +(If the redirection operator is)108 722.4 R F2(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C +.154(nd the)-2.654 F F2(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) +2.654 F F2(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155 +(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(24)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 25 25 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E .658(will f)108 84 R .658 +(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658(xpansion of) +-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G +.657(ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-) +5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 96 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(>|)2.909 +E F0 2.909(,o)C 2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 +F F2(>)2.909 E F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F2(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 +.409(option to the)2.909 F F2(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409 (iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 -367.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) --2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 -384 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642 -(Redirection of output in this f)108 396 R .642 +108 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by)-2.5 +E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2 -.25(Ap)87 124.8 +S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642 +(Redirection of output in this f)108 136.8 R .642 (ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .473 -(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 408 R F2(n)2.973 E F0 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .473 +(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 148.8 R F1(n)2.973 E F0 2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.334 E F0 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F1(n)3.334 E F0 .474(is not speci\214ed.)3.214 F(If)5.474 E(the \214le does not e)108 -420 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E -(The general format for appending output is:)108 436.8 Q([)144 453.6 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 475.2 Q +160.8 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E +(The general format for appending output is:)108 177.6 Q([)144 194.4 Q +F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>>)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F2(Redir)87 216 Q (ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 -(This construct allo)108 487.2 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ -\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) --.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 -499.2 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E -(There are tw)108 516 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G -(ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F1 -(&>)144 532.8 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 544.8 Q F1(>&)144 556.8 Q -F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 573.6 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +(This construct allo)108 228 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\214l\ +e descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)-.25 F +(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 240 Q +(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E(There are tw)108 +256.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +(ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F2 +(&>)144 273.6 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 285.6 Q F2(>&)144 297.6 Q +F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 314.4 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E --.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 590.4 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 -E F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1 -.25(Ap)87 612 S +-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2(>)144 331.2 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 +E F2(>&)A F0(1)A F2 -.25(Ap)87 352.8 S (pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 -(This construct allo)108 624 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\214l\ -e descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)-.25 F -(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 636 Q -(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E +(This construct allo)108 364.8 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ +\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) +-.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 +376.8 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E (The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108 -652.8 Q F1(&>>)144 669.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 -(This is semantically equi)108 686.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -(>>)144 703.2 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A -(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(24)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 25 25 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Her)87 84 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E -F0 .33(This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from \ -the current source until a line containing only)108 96 R/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(delimiter)108.35 108 Q F0 .614 +393.6 Q F2(&>>)144 410.4 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 +(This is semantically equi)108 427.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 +(>>)144 444 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F0(1)A F2(Her)87 +460.8 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redirection i\ +nstructs the shell to read input from the current source until a line c\ +ontaining only)108 472.8 R F1(delimiter)108.35 484.8 Q F0 .614 (\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615 (All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 -F(dard input for a command.)108 120 Q(The format of here-documents is:) -108 136.8 Q F1(<<)144 153.6 Q F0([)A F1<ad>A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E -(her)164 165.6 Q(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 177.6 Q F0 .128 -(No parameter e)108 194.4 R .127 +F(dard input for a command.)108 496.8 Q +(The format of here-documents is:)108 513.6 Q F2(<<)144 530.4 Q F0([)A +F2<ad>A F0(])A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 542.4 Q(e-document)-.37 E +(delimiter)144 554.4 Q F0 .128(No parameter e)108 571.2 R .127 (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .127 (xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F .127(xpansion is performed)-.15 F(on)108 -206.4 Q F2(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.774(.I).77 G 3.274(fa)-5.774 G -1.074 -.15(ny c)-3.274 H .774(haracters in).15 F F2(wor)3.614 E(d)-.37 E -F0 .774(are quoted, the)4.044 F F2(delimiter)3.624 E F0 .774 +583.2 Q F1(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.774(.I).77 G 3.274(fa)-5.774 G +1.074 -.15(ny c)-3.274 H .774(haracters in).15 F F1(wor)3.614 E(d)-.37 E +F0 .774(are quoted, the)4.044 F F1(delimiter)3.624 E F0 .774 (is the result of quote remo)4.004 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.275(lo).25 G(n) --3.275 E F2(wor)3.275 E(d)-.37 E F0 3.275(,a).77 G(nd)-3.275 E .905 -(the lines in the here-document are not e)108 218.4 R 3.405(xpanded. If) --.15 F F2(wor)3.405 E(d)-.37 E F0 .904 +-3.275 E F1(wor)3.275 E(d)-.37 E F0 3.275(,a).77 G(nd)-3.275 E .905 +(the lines in the here-document are not e)108 595.2 R 3.405(xpanded. If) +-.15 F F1(wor)3.405 E(d)-.37 E F0 .904 (is unquoted, all lines of the here-document are)3.405 F .694 -(subjected to parameter e)108 230.4 R .695 +(subjected to parameter e)108 607.2 R .695 (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.195 (xpansion. In)-.15 F .695(the latter case, the)3.195 F -(character sequence)108 242.4 Q F1(\\<newline>)2.5 E F0(is ignored, and) -2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\) -2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 -(If the redirection operator is)108 259.2 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101 -(,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\ - and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 271.2 Q F2(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5 -(.T).73 G(his allo)-5 E +(character sequence)108 619.2 Q F2(\\<newline>)2.5 E F0(is ignored, and) +2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F2(\\) +2.5 E F0(,)A F2($)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 +(If the redirection operator is)108 636 R F2(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101(,t) +C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and\ + the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 648 Q F1(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5(.T).73 G +(his allo)-5 E (ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f) --.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 288 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 2.5 -(Av)108 300 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E F1(<<<) -144 316.8 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 333.6 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E -F0(is e)2.5 E -(xpanded and supplied to the command on its standard input.)-.15 E F1 -(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 350.4 Q F0(The redirection operator)108 -362.4 Q([)144 379.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126 -(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 396 R(If)5.127 E F2 -(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 +-.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F2(Her)87 664.8 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 +2.5(Av)108 676.8 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E F2 +(<<<)144 693.6 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 710.4 Q F1(wor)2.5 E(d) +-.37 E F0(is e)2.5 E +(xpanded and supplied to the command on its standard input.)-.15 E +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(25)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 26 26 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 84 Q F0 +(The redirection operator)108 96 Q([)144 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126 +(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 129.6 R(If)5.127 E +F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 (pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 -408 Q F2(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G +141.6 Q F2(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G 2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G 2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0 .457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149 -(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 420 R(If)5.149 E F2(wor) +(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 153.6 R(If)5.149 E F2(wor) 2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.649 E F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.) 2.89 F(If)5.15 E F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F -(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 432 Q -(The operator)108 448.8 Q([)144 465.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A +(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 165.6 Q +(The operator)108 182.4 Q([)144 199.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A (d)-.37 E F0 .444 -(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 482.4 R -(If)5.444 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .443 +(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 216 R(If) +5.444 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .443 (is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F 1.357 -(tor 1\) is used.)108 494.4 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F2(wor) -4.197 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.358(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\ -utput, a redirection error)4.627 F 2.597(occurs. As)108 506.4 R 2.597 -(as)2.597 G .097(pecial case, if)-2.597 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 .096 -(is omitted, and)2.596 F F2(wor)2.596 E(d)-.37 E F0 .096(does not e) -2.596 F .096(xpand to one or more digits, the standard out-)-.15 F -(put and standard error are redirected as described pre)108 518.4 Q -(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(Mo)87 535.2 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0 -(The redirection operator)108 547.2 Q([)144 564 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A -F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 580.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(st).15 G .535 -(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F2(digit)3.035 E F0 .535 +(tor 1\) is used.)108 228 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F2(wor)4.197 +E(d)-.37 E F0 1.358(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for output,\ + a redirection error)4.627 F 2.597(occurs. As)108 240 R 2.597(as)2.597 G +.097(pecial case, if)-2.597 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 .096(is omitted, and)2.596 +F F2(wor)2.596 E(d)-.37 E F0 .096(does not e)2.596 F .096 +(xpand to one or more digits, the standard out-)-.15 F +(put and standard error are redirected as described pre)108 252 Q +(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(Mo)87 268.8 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0 +(The redirection operator)108 280.8 Q([)144 297.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&) +A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 314.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(st).15 G +.535(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F2(digit)3.035 E F0 .535 (to \214le descriptor)3.035 F F2(n)3.035 E F0 3.035(,o).24 G 3.035(rt) -3.035 G .536(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.035 F F2 -(n)3.036 E F0 .536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 592.8 Q F2(digit)5 +(n)3.036 E F0 .536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 326.4 Q F2(digit)5 E F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A -(Similarly)108 609.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([) -144 626.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 643.2 Q +(Similarly)108 343.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([) +144 360 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 376.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.786(st).15 G .286(he \214le descriptor)-2.786 F F2 (digit)2.786 E F0 .286(to \214le descriptor)2.786 F F2(n)2.786 E F0 2.786(,o).24 G 2.786(rt)-2.786 G .285 (he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.786 F F2(n)2.785 E F0 -.285(is not speci-)2.785 F(\214ed.)108 655.2 Q F1 -(Opening File Descriptors f)87 672 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 -(The redirection operator)108 684 Q([)144 700.8 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<>)A -F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 -717.6 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349 +.285(is not speci-)2.785 F(\214ed.)108 388.8 Q F1 +(Opening File Descriptors f)87 405.6 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 +(The redirection operator)108 417.6 Q([)144 434.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<>) +A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 +451.2 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349 (to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le)4.619 F(descriptor) -108 729.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G +108 463.2 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G (le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E -(If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.1) -72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(25)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 26 26 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(Aliases)108 96 Q F0(allo)3.174 E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674 -(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674 +(If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 480 Q F2(Aliases)108 492 Q F0(allo)3.174 E +3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674 (ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673 (ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ -ses that may be set and unset with the)108 108 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(alias)2.894 E F0(and)2.894 E F3(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394 -(iltin commands).2 F(\(see)108 120 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B) -4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48 -(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979 -(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F(check)108 132 Q .472 -(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472(If so, that w)5.472 F .473 -(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473 -(The characters)5.473 F F3(/)2.973 E F0(,)A F3($)2.973 E F0(,)A F3<92> -2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 144 Q F3(=)3.612 E F0 1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612 -(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell)-3.612 F F2(metac)3.612 E -(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 +ses that may be set and unset with the)108 504 R F1(alias)2.894 E F0 +(and)2.894 E F1(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2 +F(\(see)108 516 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E +1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 +(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 +F(check)108 528 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472 +(If so, that w)5.472 F .473(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473 +(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F1(/)2.973 E F0(,)A +F1($)2.973 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 540 Q F1(=)3.612 E F0 +1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell) +-3.612 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 (or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111 -(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 156 R 1.119 +(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 552 R 1.119 (replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G 1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12 -(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 168 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 F +(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 564 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 F .514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513 (ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F -.295(not e)108 180 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 -(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F3(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F3 -.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F3 -(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .543(to recursi)108 192 R +.295(not e)108 576 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 +(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1 +.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1 +(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .543(to recursi)108 588 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .543(ly e).15 F .543(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F 3.043(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.043 F .542 (alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.042 E F0 3.042(,t).67 G .542(hen the ne) --3.042 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 204 Q(ord follo)-.1 E +-3.042 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 600 Q(ord follo)-.1 E (wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 -E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 220.8 Q F3(alias)2.5 E F0 -(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F3 +E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 616.8 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 +(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F1 (unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .284 -(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 237.6 R .284 +(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 633.6 R .284 (guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 2.784(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)2.784 E .284(guments are needed, a shell func-)-.18 F(tion should be used \(see) -108 249.6 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.22 -(Aliases are not e)108 266.4 R 1.22 +108 645.6 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.22 +(Aliases are not e)108 662.4 R 1.22 (xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.72(,u) -.15 G 1.22(nless the)-3.72 F F3(expand_aliases)3.72 E F0 1.22 -(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 278.4 Q F3(shopt)2.5 E F0 -(\(see the description of)2.5 E F3(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 +.15 G 1.22(nless the)-3.72 F F1(expand_aliases)3.72 E F0 1.22 +(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 674.4 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 +(\(see the description of)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .435 (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 -295.2 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F3(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1 +691.2 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1 (wa)-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .338 -(one complete line of input before e)108 307.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338 +(one complete line of input before e)108 703.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338 (cuting an).15 F 2.838(yo)-.15 G 2.838(ft)-2.838 G .338 (he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .337(Aliases are e)5.337 F .337 -(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.403(ac)108 319.2 S .904 +(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.403(ac)108 715.2 S .904 (ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.403 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 (cuted. Therefore,).15 F .904 (an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.162 -(another command does not tak)108 331.2 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 +(another command does not tak)108 727.2 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 G 1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F -1.161(The commands follo)6.161 F 1.161(wing the)-.25 F .277 -(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 343.2 R .277 +1.161(The commands follo)6.161 F 1.161(wing the)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 +768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(26)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 27 27 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E .277(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 84 R .277 (fected by the ne)-.25 F 2.777(wa)-.25 G 2.777(lias. This)-2.777 F(beha) 2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .699(are e)108 -355.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.199(cuted. Aliases).15 F .699(are e)3.199 F -.699(xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the functio\ -n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .494 -(because a function de\214nition is itself a compound command.)108 367.2 -R .495(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a func-)5.494 F .085 -(tion are not a)108 379.2 R -.25(va)-.2 G .084 +96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.199(cuted. Aliases).15 F .699(are e)3.199 F .699(\ +xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the function is \ +e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .494 +(because a function de\214nition is itself a compound command.)108 108 R +.495(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a func-)5.494 F .085 +(tion are not a)108 120 R -.25(va)-.2 G .084 (ilable until after that function is e).25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.584 (cuted. T).15 F 2.584(ob)-.8 G 2.584(es)-2.584 G .084(afe, al)-2.584 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .084(ys put alias de\214nitions on a sepa-).1 F -(rate line, and do not use)108 391.2 Q F3(alias)2.5 E F0 -(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 408 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.) -.15 E F1(FUNCTIONS)72 424.8 Q F0 3.467(As)108 436.8 S .967 +(rate line, and do not use)108 132 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(alias)2.5 E +F0(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 148.8 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e) +-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E/F2 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)72 165.6 Q F0 3.467(As)108 177.6 S .967 (hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 -H(nder).15 E F4 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -.968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 448.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ -ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.502 F .315 -(mands associated with that function name is e)108 460.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 -G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .316 -(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 F .036 -(shell; no ne)108 472.8 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 +H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F +1.002(later e)108 189.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002 +(the name of a shell function is used as a simple command name, the lis\ +t of com-)3.502 F .315(mands associated with that function name is e)108 +201.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .316(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 +F .036(shell; no ne)108 213.6 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 (rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035 -F .639(function is e)108 484.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F +F .639(function is e)108 225.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F .639 (guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 496.8 -R F3(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532 -(Special parameter 0 is unchanged.)5.532 F .532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F -(ment of the)108 508.8 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 237.6 +R F1(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532 +(Special parameter)5.532 F F1(0)3.032 E F0 .532(is unchanged.)3.032 F +.532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F(ment of the)108 249.6 Q F3(FUNCN)2.5 E +(AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G (riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108 -525.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 +266.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 (vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F -1.049(these e)108 537.6 R 3.548(xceptions: the)-.15 F F4(DEB)3.548 E(UG) --.09 E F0(and)3.298 E F3(RETURN)3.548 E F0 1.048 -(traps \(see the description of the)3.548 F F3(trap)3.548 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.548 G 1.048(iltin under).2 F F4(SHELL)3.548 E -.09(BU)108 549.6 S(IL) +1.049(these e)108 278.4 R 3.548(xceptions: the)-.15 F F3(DEB)3.548 E(UG) +-.09 E F0(and)3.298 E F1(RETURN)3.548 E F0 1.048 +(traps \(see the description of the)3.548 F F1(trap)3.548 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.548 G 1.048(iltin under).2 F F3(SHELL)3.548 E -.09(BU)108 290.4 S(IL) .09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479 (w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F3(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E -.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 561.6 R F4(declar) +-.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F1(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E +.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 302.4 R F3(declar) 2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) --.25 F F3 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 -(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F3(set)2.92 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 573.6 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F3 -(DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F3(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 -(traps\), and the)2.572 F F4(ERR)2.572 E F0 .072(trap is not inher)2.322 -F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 585.6 Q F3(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 -(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 602.4 S .656 -(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F3(local) +-.25 F F1 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 +(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F1(set)2.92 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 314.4 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F1 +(DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F1(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 +(traps\), and the)2.572 F F3(ERR)2.572 E F0 .072(trap is not inher)2.322 +F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 326.4 Q F1(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 +(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 343.2 S .656 +(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F1(local) 3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.155 G .655(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.655 E -3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)-3.405 F(their v)108 614.4 Q +3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)-3.405 F(their v)108 355.2 Q (alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 E(.)-.55 E -.043(If the b)108 631.2 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F3 -.18(re)2.543 G -(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 +(The)108 372 Q F1(FUNCNEST)3.528 E F0 -.25(va)3.528 G 1.028 +(riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 +(alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108 +384 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G +(cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.) +-.15 E .044(If the b)108 400.8 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F1 -.18(re) +2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 (cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 643.2 R 1.012 +.043(cution resumes with).15 F 1.011(the ne)108 412.8 R 1.011 (xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G -1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F3(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011 -(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 655.2 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213 -(When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214 +1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F1(RETURN)3.512 E F0 1.012 +(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 424.8 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .214(cution resumes.).15 F .213 +(When a function completes, the v)5.214 F .213 (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) -108 667.2 Q F3(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E +108 436.8 Q F1(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe) --2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.359 -(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 684 R F3 -<ad66>3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F3(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E -F0(or)3.858 E F3(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F -3.39(mands. The)108 696 R F3<ad46>3.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F3 -(declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F3(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 +-2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.358 +(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 453.6 R F1 +<ad66>3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F1(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E +F0(or)3.859 E F1(typeset)3.859 E F0 -.2(bu)3.859 G 1.359(iltin com-).2 F +3.39(mands. The)108 465.6 R F1<ad46>3.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F1 +(declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F1(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 (will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F -.327(\214le and line number)108 708 R 2.827(,i)-.4 G 2.827(ft)-2.827 G -(he)-2.827 E F3(extdeb)2.827 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 -(shell option is enabled\).)2.827 F .326(Functions may be e)5.326 F .326 -(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.297(automatically ha)108 720 R 1.597 --.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.297(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F3<ad66>3.797 E F0 -1.297(option to the)3.797 F F3(export)3.798 E F0 -.2(bu)3.798 G 3.798 -(iltin. A).2 F 1.298(function de\214nition may be)3.798 F(GNU Bash-4.1) -72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(26)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 27 27 +.326(\214le and line number)108 477.6 R 2.826(,i)-.4 G 2.826(ft)-2.826 G +(he)-2.826 E F1(extdeb)2.826 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 +(shell option is enabled\).)2.826 F .327(Functions may be e)5.327 F .327 +(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.298(automatically ha)108 489.6 R +1.598 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.298(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F1<ad66>3.798 E +F0 1.298(option to the)3.798 F F1(export)3.797 E F0 -.2(bu)3.797 G 3.797 +(iltin. A).2 F 1.297(function de\214nition may be)3.797 F .16 +(deleted using the)108 501.6 R F1<ad66>2.66 E F0 .16(option to the)2.66 +F F1(unset)2.66 E F0 -.2(bu)2.66 G 2.661(iltin. Note).2 F .161 +(that shell functions and v)2.661 F .161(ariables with the same name) +-.25 F 1.325(may result in multiple identically-named entries in the en) +108 513.6 R 1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G +3.825(hildren. Care)-3.825 F(should be tak)108 525.6 Q +(en in cases where this may cause a problem.)-.1 E .371 +(Functions may be recursi)108 542.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he) +-5.371 E F1(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 +(riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F 1.141 +(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 554.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G +3.641(cations. By).2 F(def)3.641 E 1.141 +(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 566.4 Q .3 +-.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E F2(ARITHMETIC EV)72 583.2 Q(ALU)-1.478 E +-1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.297(The shell allo)108 595.2 R 2.297 +(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297(xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G +2.297(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F1(let)4.798 E +F0(and)4.798 E F1(declar)108 607.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.706 G .206 +(iltin commands and).2 F F1 .206(Arithmetic Expansion)2.706 F F0 2.705 +(\). Ev)B .205(aluation is done in \214x)-.25 F .205(ed-width inte)-.15 +F .205(gers with no)-.15 F .428(check for o)108 619.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G +(r\215o).15 E 1.728 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .428(hough di).65 F .428 +(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F 5.429(.T)-.55 G +.429(he operators and their prece-)-5.429 F 1.92(dence, associati)108 +631.2 R(vity)-.25 E 4.42(,a)-.65 G 1.92(nd v)-4.42 F 1.92 +(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F 1.919(The follo)6.919 F +1.919(wing list of operators is)-.25 F(grouped into le)108 643.2 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 E(The le)5 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G(ls are listed in order of decreasing precedence.).15 E/F5 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 660 Q F1(++)A F5(id)2.5 E F1<adad>A F0 -.25 +(va)144 672 S(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F1(++)108 +684 Q F5(id)A F1<adad>2.5 E F5(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 696 S +(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F1 2.5<ad2b>108 708 S F0 +(unary minus and plus)19.6 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28) +135.965 E(27)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 28 28 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .161(deleted using the)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad66>2.661 -E F0 .161(option to the)2.661 F F1(unset)2.661 E F0 -.2(bu)2.661 G 2.661 -(iltin. Note).2 F .16(that shell functions and v)2.661 F .16 -(ariables with the same name)-.25 F 1.325 -(may result in multiple identically-named entries in the en)108 96 R -1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G 3.825 -(hildren. Care)-3.825 F(should be tak)108 108 Q -(en in cases where this may cause a problem.)-.1 E -(Functions may be recursi)108 124.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.N).15 G 2.5(ol) --5 G(imit is imposed on the number of recursi)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H -(alls.).15 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72 141.6 Q(ALU) --1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.298(The shell allo)108 153.6 R -2.297(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297(xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va) --.25 G 2.297(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F1(let) -4.797 E F0(and)4.797 E F1(declar)108 165.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.705 G -.205(iltin commands and).2 F F1 .205(Arithmetic Expansion)2.705 F F0 -2.705(\). Ev)B .205(aluation is done in \214x)-.25 F .206(ed-width inte) --.15 F .206(gers with no)-.15 F .429(check for o)108 177.6 R -.15(ve) --.15 G(r\215o).15 E 1.729 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .429(hough di).65 F .428 -(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F 5.428(.T)-.55 G -.428(he operators and their prece-)-5.428 F 1.919(dence, associati)108 -189.6 R(vity)-.25 E 4.419(,a)-.65 G 1.919(nd v)-4.419 F 1.919 -(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F 1.92(The follo)6.92 F -1.92(wing list of operators is)-.25 F(grouped into le)108 201.6 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 E(The le)5 E -.15(ve) --.25 G(ls are listed in order of decreasing precedence.).15 E/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 218.4 Q F1(++)A F3(id)2.5 E F1<adad>A F0 -.25 -(va)144 230.4 S(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F1(++)108 -242.4 Q F3(id)A F1<adad>2.5 E F3(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 254.4 S -(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F1 2.5<ad2b>108 266.4 S F0 -(unary minus and plus)19.6 E F1 2.5(!~)108 278.4 S F0 -(logical and bitwise ne)24.34 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F1(**)108 -290.4 Q F0 -.15(ex)26 G(ponentiation).15 E F1 2.5(*/%)108 302.4 S F0 -(multiplication, di)10.72 E(vision, remainder)-.25 E F1 2.5<2bad>108 -314.4 S F0(addition, subtraction)19.6 E F1(<< >>)108 326.4 Q F0 -(left and right bitwise shifts)10.7 E F1(<= >= < >)108 338.4 Q F0 -(comparison)144 350.4 Q F1(== !=)108 362.4 Q F0(equality and inequality) -13.07 E F1(&)108 374.4 Q F0(bitwise AND)27.67 E F1(^)108 386.4 Q F0 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(!~)108 84 S F0(logical and bitwise ne) +24.34 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F1(**)108 96 Q F0 -.15(ex)26 G +(ponentiation).15 E F1 2.5(*/%)108 108 S F0(multiplication, di)10.72 E +(vision, remainder)-.25 E F1 2.5<2bad>108 120 S F0 +(addition, subtraction)19.6 E F1(<< >>)108 132 Q F0 +(left and right bitwise shifts)10.7 E F1(<= >= < >)108 144 Q F0 +(comparison)144 156 Q F1(== !=)108 168 Q F0(equality and inequality) +13.07 E F1(&)108 180 Q F0(bitwise AND)27.67 E F1(^)108 192 Q F0 (bitwise e)32.67 E(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F1(|)108 -398.4 Q F0(bitwise OR)33.8 E F1(&&)108 410.4 Q F0(logical AND)19.34 E F1 -(||)108 422.4 Q F0(logical OR)31.6 E F3 -.2(ex)108 434.4 S(pr).2 E F1(?) -A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F1(:)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 -(conditional operator)144 446.4 Q F1 2.5(=*)108 458.4 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G -2.5(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G -(<= >>= &= ^= |=)-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 470.4 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 482.4 S -(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 494.4 Q .68 -(Shell v)108 511.2 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68 -(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 +204 Q F0(bitwise OR)33.8 E F1(&&)108 216 Q F0(logical AND)19.34 E F1(||) +108 228 Q F0(logical OR)31.6 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)108 240 S +(pr).2 E F1(?)A F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F1(:)A F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 +(conditional operator)144 252 Q F1 2.5(=*)108 264 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5 +(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G(<= >>= &= ^= |=) +-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 276 Q F2 -.2(ex)108 288 S(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E +F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 300 Q .68(Shell v)108 316.8 R .68 +(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 (xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 523.2 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4 -F 1.007(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 +-.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 328.8 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4 +F 1.008(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 (ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) --.25 F -.15(ex)108 535.2 S 1.041(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.541(As)6.041 G -1.041(hell v)-3.541 F 1.041(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G 1.04(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.466 -(using the parameter e)108 547.2 R 1.466(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 -(The v)6.466 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G 1.467(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.39 -(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 559.2 R 1.389 -(ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.889(nt).15 G(he) --3.889 E F3(inte)3.889 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.889 E 1.389 -(ute using)-.2 F F1(declar)3.889 E 3.889(e-)-.18 G(i)-3.889 E F0(is) -3.889 E .343(assigned a v)108 571.2 R 2.843(alue. A)-.25 F .343(null v) -2.843 F .343(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .343(luates to 0.).25 F 2.843 -(As)5.343 G .343(hell v)-2.843 F .343(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .643 --.15(ve i)-.2 H .343(ts inte).15 F .344(ger attrib)-.15 F .344 -(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 583.2 Q(xpression.)-.15 E +-.25 F -.15(ex)108 340.8 S 1.04(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.54(As)6.04 G +1.04(hell v)-3.54 F 1.04(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25(va) +-.25 G 1.041(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.467 +(using the parameter e)108 352.8 R 1.467(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 +(The v)6.467 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G 1.466(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.389 +(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 364.8 R 1.389 +(ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.89(nt).15 G(he)-3.89 +E F2(inte)3.89 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.89 E 1.39(ute using)-.2 +F F1(declar)3.89 E 3.89(e-)-.18 G(i)-3.89 E F0(is)3.89 E .333 +(assigned a v)108 376.8 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v)2.832 F .332 +(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .332(luates to 0.).25 F 2.832(As)5.332 G +.332(hell v)-2.832 F .332(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .632 -.15(ve i)-.2 +H(ts).15 E F2(inte)2.832 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.832 E .332 +(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 388.8 Q(xpression.)-.15 E 1.406(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 -600 R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.406(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F -(xadecimal.)-.15 E .589(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 612 R 3.089(et)-.1 G -.589(he form [)-3.089 F F3(base#)A F0 .589(]n, where)B F3(base)3.089 E -F0 .59(is a decimal number between 2 and 64 represent-)3.089 F .093 -(ing the arithmetic base, and)108 624 R F3(n)2.593 E F0 .093 -(is a number in that base.)2.593 F(If)5.093 E F3(base#)2.593 E F0 .092 -(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)2.593 F .092(The digits)5.092 F .064 -(greater than 9 are represented by the lo)108 636 R .064 -(wercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, in that order)-.25 F -5.065(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.065 E F3(base)2.565 E F0 .433 -(is less than or equal to 36, lo)108 648 R .432(wercase and uppercase l\ -etters may be used interchangeably to represent num-)-.25 F -(bers between 10 and 35.)108 660 Q .234(Operators are e)108 676.8 R -.25 -(va)-.25 G .234(luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E .234 -(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .235 -(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 688.8 S -(rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F2 -(CONDITION)72 705.6 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256(Conditional e)108 -717.6 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F1([[)2.755 E F0 .255 -(compound command and the)2.755 F F1(test)2.755 E F0(and)2.755 E F1([) -2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255(iltin commands to test).2 F .77 -(\214le attrib)108 729.6 R .77 +405.6 R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.407(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F +(xadecimal.)-.15 E .113(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 417.6 R 2.613(et)-.1 +G .113(he form [)-2.613 F F2(base#)A F0 .112(]n, where the optional)B F2 +(base)2.612 E F0 .112(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)2.612 F .533 +(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 429.6 R F2(n)3.033 E F0 .533 +(is a number in that base.)3.033 F(If)5.534 E F2(base#)3.034 E F0 .534 +(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)3.034 F .916 +(The digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)108 441.6 R .915 +(wercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, in that)-.25 F(order) +108 453.6 Q 5.67(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.67 E F2(base)3.17 E F0 .67 +(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.17 F .671 +(wercase and uppercase letters may be used interchangeably to)-.25 F +(represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 465.6 Q .235(Operators are e) +108 482.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .235(luated in order of precedence.).25 F +(Sub-e)5.234 E .234(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 +G .234(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 494.4 S +(rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F3 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 511.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .255 +(Conditional e)108 523.2 R .255(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F1([[) +2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F1(test)2.755 E F0(and) +2.755 E F1([)2.756 E F0 -.2(bu)2.756 G .256(iltin commands to test).2 F +.77(\214le attrib)108 535.2 R .77 (utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F .77 -(Expressions are formed from the follo)5.77 F(wing)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.1) -72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(27)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 28 28 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E 1.041(unary or binary primaries.)108 84 R 1.041(If an)6.041 F(y) --.15 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)3.541 E F0(ar)3.541 E 1.04 -(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F1(/de)3.54 E -(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.54(,t)C 1.04(hen \214le)-3.54 F(descriptor)108 96 Q -F1(n)3.788 E F0 1.289(is check)3.788 F 3.789(ed. If)-.1 F(the)3.789 E F1 -(\214le)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289 -(gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F1(/de)3.789 E(v/stdin) --.15 E F0(,)A F1(/de)3.789 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 3.789(,o)C(r)-3.789 E F1 -(/de)108 108 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.5<2c8c>C +(Expressions are formed from the follo)5.77 F(wing)-.25 E 1.04 +(unary or binary primaries.)108 547.2 R 1.04(If an)6.04 F(y)-.15 E F2 +(\214le)3.54 E F0(ar)3.54 E 1.041 +(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F2(/de)3.541 E +(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.541(,t)C 1.041(hen \214le)-3.541 F(descriptor)108 +559.2 Q F2(n)3.789 E F0 1.289(is check)3.789 F 3.789(ed. If)-.1 F(the) +3.789 E F2(\214le)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289 +(gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F2(/de)3.789 E(v/stdin) +-.15 E F0(,)A F2(/de)3.788 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 3.788(,o)C(r)-3.788 E F2 +(/de)108 571.2 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.5<2c8c>C (le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respecti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 2.5 -(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .722 +(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .721 (Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo) -108 124.8 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) --3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 136.8 -Q(When used with)108 154.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF([[)2.5 E F0 2.5(,T)C -(he)-2.5 E F2(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E -(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 E F2<ad61>108 178.8 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) -2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2<ad62>108 190.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G -(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F2<ad63>108 202.8 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) -2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F2<ad64>108 214.8 Q -F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F2<ad65>108 226.8 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) -2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2<ad66>108 238.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.25 G -(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 E -(gular \214le.)-.15 E F2<ad67>108 250.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr) -10.58 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F2<ad68>108 262.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F2<ad6b>108 274.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G(it is set.) --2.5 E F2<ad70>108 286.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 -E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).) -.15 E F2<ad72>108 298.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E -F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is readable.).15 E F2<ad73>108 -310.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.69 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F2<ad74> -108 322.8 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)16.69 G(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E -F1(fd)4.47 E F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F2<ad75>108 -334.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F2 -<ad77>108 346.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)8.36 G(ue if).35 E F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F2<ad78>108 -358.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F2 -<ad4f>108 370.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)7.8 G(ue if).35 E F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E -(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F2<ad47>108 382.8 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)7.8 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) -2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15 -(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F2<ad4c>108 394.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)8.91 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F2<ad53>108 406.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F2<ad4e>108 418.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.35(Tr)8.36 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E F1 -(\214le1)108 430.8 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F2(nt)A F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 -442.8 S .038(ue if).35 F F1(\214le1)2.538 E F0 .039(is ne)2.539 F .039 -(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 F F1(\214le2)2.539 E -F0 2.539(,o)C 2.539(ri)-2.539 G(f)-2.539 E F1(\214le1)2.539 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.539 G .039(ists and).15 F F1(\214le2)2.539 E F0 .039(does not.) -2.539 F F1(\214le1)108 454.8 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F2(ot)A F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 466.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E -F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1 -(\214le1)108 478.8 Q F2(\255ef)2.5 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 -490.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -(refer to the same de)2.5 E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F2<ad6f>108 -502.8 Q F1(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 514.8 S 1.144 -(ue if shell option).35 F F1(optname)3.874 E F0 1.144(is enabled.)3.824 -F 1.143(See the list of options under the description of the)6.144 F F2 -<ad6f>3.643 E F0(option to the)144 526.8 Q F2(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F2<ad7a>108 538.8 Q F1(string)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 550.8 S(ue if the length of).35 E F1(string)2.5 E F0 -(is zero.)2.5 E F1(string)108 562.8 Q F2<ad6e>108 574.8 Q F1(string)2.5 -E F0 -.35(Tr)144 586.8 S(ue if the length of).35 E F1(string)2.84 E F0 -(is non-zero.)2.72 E F1(string1)108 603.6 Q F2(==)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E -(string1)108 615.6 Q F2(=)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 627.6 S -(ue if the strings are equal.).35 E F2(=)5 E F0(should be used with the) -2.5 E F2(test)2.5 E F0(command for POSIX conformance.)2.5 E F1(string1) -108 644.4 Q F2(!=)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 656.4 S -(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F1(string1)108 673.2 Q F2(<)2.5 -E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 685.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(string1)2.5 E -F0(sorts before)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 -E(.)-.65 E F1(string1)108 702 Q F2(>)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr) -144 714 S(ue if).35 E F1(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F1(string2) -2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q -(2009 December 29)135.965 E(28)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +108 588 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .722(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) +-3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 600 Q +1.096(When used with)108 618 R F1([[)3.596 E F0 3.596(,t)C(he)-3.596 E +F1(<)3.596 E F0(and)3.595 E F1(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) +3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.095 +E F1(test)3.595 E F0(com-)3.595 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 +630 Q F1<ad61>108 654 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 G(ue if).35 E +F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1<ad62>108 666 Q F2 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) +2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F1<ad63>108 678 Q F2 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) +2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F1<ad64>108 690 Q F2 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) +2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F1<ad65>108 702 Q F2 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) +2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1<ad66>108 714 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.25 G +(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 E +(gular \214le.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E +(28)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 29 29 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)108.33 84 Q(g1)-.37 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(OP)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OP) -144 96 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.634 F F2(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255ne) -2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A F2 -(\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F2(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385(.T)C -.385(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F1(ar) -2.885 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, less th\ -an or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 108 R F1 -(ar)144 120 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r)C(especti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 -E(.)-.65 E F1(Ar)6.01 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(ar)2.83 E(g2)-.37 E F0 -(may be positi)2.52 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 2.5(rn).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) --2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E/F4 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 136.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .613 -(When a simple command is e)108 148.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad67>108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) +2.5 G(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F1<ad68>108 96 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1<ad6b>108 108 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G(it is set.) +-2.5 E F1<ad70>108 120 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E +F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).).15 +E F1<ad72>108 132 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F2 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is readable.).15 E F1<ad73>108 +144 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.69 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F1<ad74>108 +156 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)16.69 G(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F2 +(fd)4.47 E F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F1<ad75>108 168 Q +F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F1<ad77>108 +180 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)8.36 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F1<ad78>108 192 Q F2(\214le) +2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F1<ad47>108 204 Q F2 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)7.8 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) +2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15 +(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F1<ad4c>108 216 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)8.91 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1<ad4e>108 228 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)8.36 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E F1 +<ad4f>108 240 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)7.8 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le) +2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti) +-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F1<ad53>108 252 Q F2(\214le)2.5 +E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F2(\214le1)108 264 Q F1(\255ef)2.5 E +F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 276 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 +(and)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0(refer to the same de)2.5 E +(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F2(\214le1)108 288 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F1(nt)A +F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 300 S .038(ue if).35 F F2(\214le1)2.538 +E F0 .039(is ne)2.539 F .039 +(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 F F2(\214le2)2.539 E +F0 2.539(,o)C 2.539(ri)-2.539 G(f)-2.539 E F2(\214le1)2.539 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.539 G .039(ists and).15 F F2(\214le2)2.539 E F0 .039(does not.) +2.539 F F2(\214le1)108 312 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 324 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2 +(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1 +<ad6f>108 336 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 348 S .263 +(ue if the shell option).35 F F2(optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.) +2.942 F .262(See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 +F F1<ad6f>2.762 E F0(option to the)144 360 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 +G(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1<ad76>108 372 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 384 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 +E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F1<ad7a>108 +396 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 408 S(ue if the length of).35 E F2 +(string)2.5 E F0(is zero.)2.5 E F2(string)108 420 Q F1<ad6e>108 432 Q F2 +(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 444 S(ue if the length of).35 E F2(string) +2.84 E F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E F2(string1)108 460.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2 +(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 472.8 Q F1(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)144 484.8 S(ue if the strings are equal.).35 E F1(=)5 E F0 +(should be used with the)2.5 E F1(test)2.5 E F0 +(command for POSIX conformance.)2.5 E F2(string1)108 501.6 Q F1(!=)2.5 E +F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 513.6 S +(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 530.4 Q F1(<)2.5 +E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 542.4 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E +F0(sorts before)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 +E(.)-.65 E F2(string1)108 559.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)144 571.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2 +(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F2(ar)108.33 +588 Q(g1)-.37 E F1(OP)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(OP)144 600 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.634 F F1(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F1 +(\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A +F1(\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F1(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385 +(.T)C .385(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F2 +(ar)2.885 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, les\ +s than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 612 R +F2(ar)144 624 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r)C(especti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly) +.15 E(.)-.65 E F2(Ar)6.01 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(g2)-.37 +E F0(may be positi)2.52 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 2.5(rn).15 G -2.25 -.15 +(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E/F4 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 640.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 +.613(When a simple command is e)108 652.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 (cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .614(wing e)-.25 F .614 (xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F(rections, from left to right.) -108 160.8 Q 26(1. The)108 177.6 R -.1(wo)4.349 G 1.849 +108 664.8 Q 26(1. The)108 681.6 R -.1(wo)4.349 G 1.849 (rds that the parser has mark).1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.848 (ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F -(name\) and redirections are sa)144 189.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G -(or later processing.)-2.5 E 26(2. The)108 206.4 R -.1(wo)3.663 G 1.163 +(name\) and redirections are sa)144 693.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G +(or later processing.)-2.5 E 26(2. The)108 710.4 R -.1(wo)3.663 G 1.163 (rds that are not v).1 F 1.164 (ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.664(xpanded. If)-.15 F(an)3.664 E 3.664(yw)-.15 G 1.164(ords remain)-3.764 F .776(after e)144 -218.4 R .776(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .776(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 +722.4 R .776(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .776(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 (en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F(ords)-.1 E -(are the ar)144 230.4 Q(guments.)-.18 E 26(3. Redirections)108 247.2 R -(are performed as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 -(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 26(4. The)108 264 R(te) -3.216 E .717(xt after the)-.15 F F2(=)3.217 E F0 .717(in each v)3.217 F -.717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717(goes tilde e)-.18 F .717 +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(29)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 30 30 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E(are the ar)144 84 Q(guments.)-.18 E 26(3. Redirections)108 100.8 +R(are performed as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F1 +9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 26 +(4. The)108 117.6 R(te)3.216 E .717(xt after the)-.15 F/F3 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(=)3.217 E F0 .717(in each v)3.217 F .717 +(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717(goes tilde e)-.18 F .717 (xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E .34 -(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 276 R .339 +(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 129.6 R .339 (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.839(lb).25 G .339 -(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 288 Q .332 -(If no command name results, the v)108 304.8 R .332 +(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 141.6 Q +.332(If no command name results, the v)108 158.4 R .332 (ariable assignments af)-.25 F .332(fect the current shell en)-.25 F -2.833(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.833 E -.25(va)108 316.8 S .757 +2.833(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.833 E -.25(va)108 170.4 S .757 (riables are added to the en).25 F .757(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .757(cuted command and do not af).15 F .757 -(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.176(ronment. If)108 328.8 +(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.176(ronment. If)108 182.4 R(an)3.176 E 3.176(yo)-.15 G 3.176(ft)-3.176 G .677 (he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.176 F .677 (alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .677(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F -(the command e)108 340.8 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .15 -(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 357.6 R +(the command e)108 194.4 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .15 +(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 211.2 R .149(ut do not af)-.2 F .149(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.649 -(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 369.6 +(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 223.2 Q(xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064 -(If there is a command name left after e)108 386.4 R 1.064(xpansion, e) +(If there is a command name left after e)108 240 R 1.064(xpansion, e) -.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.064(cution proceeds as described belo).15 F -4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .069(command e)108 -398.4 R 2.569(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.569 F .069 +4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .069(command e)108 252 +R 2.569(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.569 F .069 (xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .068 -(xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 410.4 R .466 +(xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 264 R .466 (xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .467 -(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 422.4 -Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E F4(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 439.2 Q F0 -.547(After a command has been split into w)108 451.2 R .546 +(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 276 Q +(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF +(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 292.8 Q F0 .547 +(After a command has been split into w)108 304.8 R .546 (ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1 -F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 463.2 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E +F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 316.8 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E (en.)-.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell atte\ -mpts to locate it.)108 480 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 +mpts to locate it.)108 333.6 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 (xists a shell function by)-.15 F .246(that name, that function is in) -108 492 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G .246 -(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E F3(FUNCTIONS)2.746 -E F5(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F -(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 504 Q 2.5 +108 345.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G +.246(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E F1(FUNCTIONS) +2.746 E F2(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F +(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 357.6 Q 2.5 (uiltins. If)-.2 F 2.5(am)2.5 G(atch is found, that b)-2.5 E (uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .309 -(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 520.8 R .31 -(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F2(bash)2.81 E F0 .31 -(searches each element of)2.81 F(the)108 532.8 Q F3 -.666(PA)3.163 G(TH) +(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 374.4 R .31 +(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F3(bash)2.81 E F0 .31 +(searches each element of)2.81 F(the)108 386.4 Q F1 -.666(PA)3.163 G(TH) -.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.913 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F2(Bash)5.662 E F0 .662 +.662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F3(Bash)5.662 E F0 .662 (uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.914(the full pathnames of e)108 -544.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F2(hash)4.415 E -F0(under)4.415 E F3 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.915(TIN COMMANDS) +398.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F3(hash)4.415 E +F0(under)4.415 E F1 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.915(TIN COMMANDS) -.828 F F0(belo)4.165 E 4.415(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.415 E .72 -(search of the directories in)108 556.8 R F3 -.666(PA)3.22 G(TH)-.189 E +(search of the directories in)108 410.4 R F1 -.666(PA)3.22 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .719 (is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.)2.97 F .719(If the)5.719 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for\ - a de\214ned shell function named)108 568.8 R F2(command_not_f)3.456 E -(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 580.8 Q F0 5.278(.I)C 2.778(ft)-5.278 G .278 + a de\214ned shell function named)108 422.4 R F3(command_not_f)3.456 E +(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 434.4 Q F0 5.278(.I)C 2.778(ft)-5.278 G .278 (hat function e)-2.778 F .278(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 (ke).2 G 2.778(dw).1 G .277 (ith the original command and the original command')-2.778 F 2.777(sa) --.55 G -.18(rg)-2.777 G(uments).18 E .775(as its ar)108 592.8 R .775 +-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.777 G(uments).18 E .775(as its ar)108 446.4 R .775 (guments, and the function')-.18 F 3.275(se)-.55 G .775 (xit status becomes the e)-3.425 F .775(xit status of the shell.)-.15 F .776(If that function is not)5.776 F -(de\214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)108 604.8 +(de\214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)108 458.4 Q(xit status of 127.)-.15 E 1.089(If the search is successful, or if th\ -e command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e)108 621.6 R +e command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e)108 475.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.089(cutes the).15 F .197(named program in a separate e) -108 633.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .197(cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 +108 487.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .197(cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 F .198(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .198 -(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 645.6 Q +(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 499.2 Q (guments to the command are set to the ar)-.18 E(guments gi)-.18 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 662.4 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809(cution f).15 F 1.809 +(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 516 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.809(cution f).15 F 1.809 (ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809 (cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 4.309(,i)-.65 G -4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .677(assumed to be a)108 674.4 R F1 .678 -(shell script)3.177 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678 +4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .677(assumed to be a)108 528 R/F5 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF .678(shell script)3.177 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678 (le containing shell commands.)-3.178 F 3.178(As)5.678 G .678 (ubshell is spa)-3.178 F .678(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .678 (cute it.).15 F(This)5.678 E .33 -(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 686.4 R .33 +(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 540 R .33 (fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.829(ws)-.25 G .329(hell had been in)-2.829 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.829(dt).1 G 2.829(oh)-2.829 G .329 -(andle the script, with)-2.829 F 1.219(the e)108 698.4 R 1.219 +(andle the script, with)-2.829 F 1.219(the e)108 552 R 1.219 (xception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent \(see) --.15 F F2(hash)3.719 E F0(belo)3.719 E 3.719(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.719 E F3 -(SHELL)3.719 E -.09(BU)108 710.4 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F5(\))A -F0(are retained by the child.)2.25 E 1.375 -(If the program is a \214le be)108 727.2 R 1.374(ginning with)-.15 F F2 -(#!)3.874 E F0 3.874(,t)C 1.374 -(he remainder of the \214rst line speci\214es an interpreter for the) --3.874 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(29)185.955 E 0 -Cg EP -%%Page: 30 30 +-.15 F F3(hash)3.719 E F0(belo)3.719 E 3.719(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.719 E F1 +(SHELL)3.719 E -.09(BU)108 564 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F2(\))A +F0(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .348(If the program is a \214le be) +108 580.8 R .348(ginning with)-.15 F F3(#!)2.848 E F0 2.848(,t)C .347(h\ +e remainder of the \214rst line speci\214es an interpreter for the pro-) +-2.848 F 3.178(gram. The)108 592.8 R .678(shell e)3.178 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.678(cutes the speci\214ed interpreter on operating systems that do not\ + handle this e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable).15 E 1.193(format themselv) +108 604.8 R 3.693(es. The)-.15 F(ar)3.693 E 1.193 +(guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar)-.18 F 1.192 +(gument follo)-.18 F 1.192(wing the)-.25 F 1.13 +(interpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 616.8 R +1.131(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F 1.131(wed by the)-.25 +F(command ar)108 628.8 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G F4 +(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 645.6 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0(The shell has an) +108 657.6 Q F5 -.2(ex)2.5 G(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 +2.5(,w)C(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E 32.5<836f>108 +674.4 S 1.406(pen \214les inherited by the shell at in)-32.5 F -.2(vo) +-.4 G 1.405(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F +F3(exec)3.905 E F0 -.2(bu)144 686.4 S(iltin).2 E 32.5<8374>108 703.2 S +(he current w)-32.5 E(orking directory as set by)-.1 E F3(cd)2.5 E F0(,) +A F3(pushd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F3(popd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri) +-2.5 G(nherited by the shell at in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation).2 E +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(30)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E 5.485(program. The)108 84 R 2.985(shell e)5.485 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.986(cutes the speci\214ed interpreter on operating systems that do no\ -t handle this).15 F -.15(exe)108 96 S .762(cutable format themselv).15 F -3.262(es. The)-.15 F(ar)3.262 E .761 -(guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar)-.18 F .761 -(gument fol-)-.18 F(lo)108 108 Q .156 -(wing the interpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo) --.25 F .157(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F(wed)-.25 E -(by the command ar)108 120 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G/F1 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 136.8 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E -F0(The shell has an)108 148.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G -(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 2.5(,w)C -(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E 32.5<836f>108 165.6 S -1.406(pen \214les inherited by the shell at in)-32.5 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -1.405(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F/F3 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(exec)3.905 E F0 -.2(bu)144 177.6 S(iltin).2 E 32.5 -<8374>108 194.4 S(he current w)-32.5 E(orking directory as set by)-.1 E -F3(cd)2.5 E F0(,)A F3(pushd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F3(popd)2.5 E F0 -2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(nherited by the shell at in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -(cation).2 E 32.5<8374>108 211.2 S -(he \214le creation mode mask as set by)-32.5 E F3(umask)2.5 E F0 -(or inherited from the shell')2.5 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.5 E 32.5 -<8363>108 228 S(urrent traps set by)-32.5 E F3(trap)2.5 E F0 32.5<8373> -108 244.8 S .256(hell parameters that are set by v)-32.5 F .256 -(ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F3(set)2.756 E F0 .257 +-.35 E 32.5<8374>108 84 S(he \214le creation mode mask as set by)-32.5 E +/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(umask)2.5 E F0(or inherited from the shell')2.5 E +2.5(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.5 E 32.5<8363>108 100.8 S(urrent traps set by) +-32.5 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0 32.5<8373>108 117.6 S .256 +(hell parameters that are set by v)-32.5 F .256 +(ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F1(set)2.756 E F0 .257 (or inherited from the shell')2.756 F 2.757(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.757 E -(in the en)144 256.8 Q(vironment)-.4 E 32.5<8373>108 273.6 S +(in the en)144 129.6 Q(vironment)-.4 E 32.5<8373>108 146.4 S (hell functions de\214ned during e)-32.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cution or inherited from the shell').15 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G -(arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E 32.5<836f>108 290.4 S +(arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E 32.5<836f>108 163.2 S (ptions enabled at in)-32.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation \(either by def).2 E -(ault or with command-line ar)-.1 E(guments\) or by)-.18 E F3(set)2.5 E -F0 32.5<836f>108 307.2 S(ptions enabled by)-32.5 E F3(shopt)2.5 E F0 -32.5<8373>108 324 S(hell aliases de\214ned with)-32.5 E F3(alias)2.5 E -F0 32.5<8376>108 340.8 S +(ault or with command-line ar)-.1 E(guments\) or by)-.18 E F1(set)2.5 E +F0 32.5<836f>108 180 S(ptions enabled by)-32.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 32.5 +<8373>108 196.8 S(hell aliases de\214ned with)-32.5 E F1(alias)2.5 E F0 +32.5<8376>108 213.6 S (arious process IDs, including those of background jobs, the v)-32.75 E -(alue of)-.25 E F3($$)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd the v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E -/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PPID)2.5 E F0 .427 -(When a simple command other than a b)108 357.6 R .426 +(alue of)-.25 E F1($$)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd the v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E +/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PPID)2.5 E F0 .427 +(When a simple command other than a b)108 230.4 R .426 (uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .426 (cuted, it is in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.926(di).1 G 2.926(nas) --2.926 G(eparate)-2.926 E -.15(exe)108 369.6 S .133(cution en).15 F .133 +-2.926 G(eparate)-2.926 E -.15(exe)108 242.4 S .133(cution en).15 F .133 (vironment that consists of the follo)-.4 F 2.634(wing. Unless)-.25 F .134(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .134(alues are inherited from)-.25 F -(the shell.)108 381.6 Q 32.5<8374>108 398.4 S 1.056(he shell')-32.5 F +(the shell.)108 254.4 Q 32.5<8374>108 271.2 S 1.056(he shell')-32.5 F 3.556(so)-.55 G 1.056(pen \214les, plus an)-3.556 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G 1.056 (odi\214cations and additions speci\214ed by redirections to the com-) --3.556 F(mand)144 410.4 Q 32.5<8374>108 427.2 S(he current w)-32.5 E -(orking directory)-.1 E 32.5<8374>108 444 S -(he \214le creation mode mask)-32.5 E 32.5<8373>108 460.8 S .856(hell v) +-3.556 F(mand)144 283.2 Q 32.5<8374>108 300 S(he current w)-32.5 E +(orking directory)-.1 E 32.5<8374>108 316.8 S +(he \214le creation mode mask)-32.5 E 32.5<8373>108 333.6 S .856(hell v) -32.5 F .857(ariables and functions mark)-.25 F .857(ed for e)-.1 F .857 (xport, along with v)-.15 F .857(ariables e)-.25 F .857 -(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 472.8 Q(vironment) --.4 E 32.5<8374>108 489.6 S .307 +(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 345.6 Q(vironment) +-.4 E 32.5<8374>108 362.4 S .307 (raps caught by the shell are reset to the v)-32.5 F .306 (alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.806(sp)-.55 G .306 -(arent, and traps ignored)-2.806 F(by the shell are ignored)144 501.6 Q -2.5(Ac)108 518.4 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G +(arent, and traps ignored)-2.806 F(by the shell are ignored)144 374.4 Q +2.5(Ac)108 391.2 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E (fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E (vironment.)-.4 E .577(Command substitution, commands grouped with pare\ -ntheses, and asynchronous commands are in)108 535.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 3.078(di).1 G(n)-3.078 E 2.745(as)108 547.2 S .245(ubshell en) --2.745 F .245(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .244 +ntheses, and asynchronous commands are in)108 408 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke) +.2 G 3.078(di).1 G(n)-3.078 E 2.745(as)108 420 S .245(ubshell en)-2.745 +F .245(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .244 (vironment, e)-.4 F .244(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F -.358(reset to the v)108 559.2 R .358 +.358(reset to the v)108 432 R .358 (alues that the shell inherited from its parent at in)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .359(commands that are in)2.859 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .857(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 571.2 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.356 +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .857(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 444 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.356 (vironment. Changes)-.4 F .856(made to the subshell en)3.356 F(viron-) --.4 E(ment cannot af)108 583.2 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G --.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.376(Subshells spa)108 -600 R 1.376(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 +-.4 E(ment cannot af)108 456 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15 +(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.376(Subshells spa)108 +472.8 R 1.376(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 (cute command substitutions inherit the v).15 F 1.377(alue of the)-.25 F -F3<ad65>3.877 E F0 1.377(option from the parent)3.877 F 2.5(shell. When) -108 612 R(not in posix mode, Bash clears the)2.5 E F3<ad65>2.5 E F0 -(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .405(If a command is follo)108 628.8 R -.405(wed by a)-.25 F F3(&)2.905 E F0 .404(and job control is not acti) +F1<ad65>3.877 E F0 1.377(option from the parent)3.877 F 2.5(shell. When) +108 484.8 R(not in)2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix)2.5 E F0(mode,) +2.5 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(clears the)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0 +(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .405(If a command is follo)108 501.6 R +.405(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.905 E F0 .404(and job control is not acti) 2.905 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.904(,t).15 G .404(he def)-2.904 F .404 (ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .197(is the empty \214le)108 -640.8 R F2(/de)2.697 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.197(.O)C .197 +513.6 R F3(/de)2.697 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.197(.O)C .197 (therwise, the in)-5.197 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.697(dc).1 G .198 (ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.697 F -(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 652.8 Q F1(ENVIR)72 669.6 Q(ONMENT) --.329 E F0 2.354(When a program is in)108 681.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 -G 4.853(di).1 G 4.853(ti)-4.853 G 4.853(sg)-4.853 G -2.15 -.25(iv e) --4.853 H 4.853(na).25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353 -(rray of strings called the)-4.853 F F2(en)4.853 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 -E F0 7.353(.T).68 G 2.353(his is a list of)-7.353 F F2(name)108 693.6 Q -F0<ad>A F2(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(=)A F2 -(value)A F0(.).18 E 1.485(The shell pro)108 710.4 R 1.485(vides se)-.15 +(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 525.6 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF +(ENVIR)72 542.4 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.354(When a program is in)108 554.4 +R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.853(di).1 G 4.853(ti)-4.853 G 4.853(sg) +-4.853 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.853 H 4.853(na).25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353 +(rray of strings called the)-4.853 F F3(en)4.853 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 +E F0 7.353(.T).68 G 2.353(his is a list of)-7.353 F F3(name)108 566.4 Q +F0<ad>A F3(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F0(=)A F3 +(value)A F0(.).18 E 1.485(The shell pro)108 583.2 R 1.485(vides se)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.485(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F 3.985(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)3.985 E -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.486 -(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en)108 722.4 Q 1.431(viro\ -nment and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically markin\ -g it for)-.4 F F2 -.2(ex)3.93 G(port).2 E F0 1.43(to child)4.61 F -(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(30)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 31 31 +(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en)108 595.2 Q .144(viron\ +ment and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking\ + it for)-.4 F F3 -.2(ex)2.643 G(port).2 E F0 .143(to child pro-)3.323 F +2.703(cesses. Ex)108 607.2 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F +2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F1(declar) +2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.704 +(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.704 E 1.153 +(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 619.2 R +3.653(vironment. If)-.4 F 1.153(the v)3.653 F 1.153 +(alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 631.2 Q .64 +(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)-.4 F 3.14(wv)-.25 G .64 +(alue becomes part of the en)-3.39 F .64(vironment, replacing the old.) +-.4 F .64(The en)5.64 F(viron-)-.4 E .58(ment inherited by an)108 643.2 +R 3.08(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.23 G .58 +(cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 3.08(si)-.55 G .58 +(nitial en)-3.08 F .58(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .58(alues may be)-.25 F +.3(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 655.2 R 2.8(yp)-.15 G .3 +(airs remo)-2.8 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.8 G(he)-2.801 +E F1(unset)2.801 E F0 .301(command, plus an)2.801 F 2.801(ya)-.15 G .301 +(dditions via the)-2.801 F F1(export)2.801 E F0(and)2.801 E F1(declar) +108 667.2 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .563(The en)108 +684 R .563(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F3 .563(simple command)3.403 +F F0 .562 +(or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F +.202(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 696 R .502 -.15(ve i) +-.15 H(n).15 E F2 -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF +(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F .203(fect only the) +-.25 F(en)108 708 Q(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the)108 +724.8 R F1<ad6b>3.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set)3.31 +E F0 -.2(bu)3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F3 +(all)3.64 E F0 .81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(31)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 32 32 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E 4.177(processes. Ex)108 84 R 1.677 -(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F 4.177(vironment. The)-.4 F/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(export)4.178 E F0(and)4.178 E F1(declar)4.178 E 4.178 -<65ad>-.18 G(x)-4.178 E F0 1.678(commands allo)4.178 F(w)-.25 E .647 -(parameters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 96 -R 3.147(vironment. If)-.4 F .646(the v)3.146 F .646 -(alue of a parameter in)-.25 F .513(the en)108 108 R .513 -(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)-.4 F 3.013(wv)-.25 G .513 -(alue becomes part of the en)-3.263 F .513 -(vironment, replacing the old.)-.4 F .514(The en)5.514 F(vi-)-.4 E .523 -(ronment inherited by an)108 120 R 3.022(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.172 G .522 -(cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 3.022(si)-.55 G .522 -(nitial en)-3.022 F .522(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .522(alues may)-.25 F -.578(be modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 132 R 3.078(yp)-.15 G .578 -(airs remo)-3.078 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.078(db).15 G 3.078(yt)-3.078 G(he) --3.078 E F1(unset)3.078 E F0 .579(command, plus an)3.078 F 3.079(ya)-.15 -G .579(dditions via the)-3.079 F F1(export)3.079 E F0(and)108 144 Q F1 -(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .563(The en) -108 160.8 R .563(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.563(simple command)3.403 F F0 .562 -(or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F -.202(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 172.8 R .502 -.15(ve i) --.15 H(n).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F4 -9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F -.203(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 184.8 Q -(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the)108 201.6 R F1<ad6b> -3.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F2(all)3.64 E F0 -.81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 213.6 Q +-.35 E(the en)108 84 Q (vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.) --.4 E(When)108 230.4 Q F1(bash)3.396 E F0(in)3.396 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 3.396(sa).1 G 3.397(ne)-3.396 G .897(xternal command, the v) --3.547 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.397 E F0 .897 +-.4 E(When)108 100.8 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.396 E F0(in)3.396 E +-.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.396(sa).1 G 3.397(ne)-3.396 G .897 +(xternal command, the v)-3.547 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.397 E F0 .897 (is set to the full \214le name of the command and)3.397 F -(passed to that command in its en)108 242.4 Q(vironment.)-.4 E/F5 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT ST)72 259.2 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .151 -(The e)108 271.2 R .151(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .151 -(cuted command is the v).15 F .15(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2 -(waitpid)2.65 E F0 .15(system call or equi)2.65 F -.25(va)-.25 G .15 -(lent func-).25 F 2.847(tion. Exit)108 283.2 R .347(statuses f)2.847 F -.347(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F -1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .348(alues abo)-.25 -F .648 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 295.2 Q 5.674(.E)-.65 G -.674(xit statuses from shell b)-5.674 F .673 +(passed to that command in its en)108 112.8 Q(vironment.)-.4 E/F2 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT ST)72 129.6 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .151 +(The e)108 141.6 R .151(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .151 +(cuted command is the v).15 F .15(alue returned by the)-.25 F/F3 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(waitpid)2.65 E F0 .15(system call or equi)2.65 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G .15(lent func-).25 F 2.847(tion. Exit)108 153.6 R .347 +(statuses f)2.847 F .347(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347 +(xplained belo)-.15 F 1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 +F .348(alues abo)-.25 F .648 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 +165.6 Q 5.674(.E)-.65 G .674(xit statuses from shell b)-5.674 F .673 (uiltins and compound commands are also limited to this range. Under)-.2 -F(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 307.2 Q +F(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 177.6 Q (alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15(Fo)108 -324 S 3.372(rt).15 G .872(he shell')-3.372 F 3.372(sp)-.55 G .873 +194.4 S 3.372(rt).15 G .872(he shell')-3.372 F 3.372(sp)-.55 G .873 (urposes, a command which e)-3.372 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F .873 (xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .873(An e)5.873 F .873(xit status of) --.15 F .049(zero indicates success.)108 336 R 2.549(An)5.049 G .049 +-.15 F .049(zero indicates success.)108 206.4 R 2.549(An)5.049 G .049 (on-zero e)-2.549 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 (ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .048(ommand terminates on a f) --2.549 F .048(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 348 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) -2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F2(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E +-2.549 F .048(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 218.4 Q F3(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) +2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F3(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E (xit status.)-.15 E .404 -(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 364.8 R +(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 235.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .405 -(If a command is)5.405 F(found b)108 376.8 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 393.6 -Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E -(xpansion or redirection, the e)-.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.) --.15 E .081(Shell b)108 410.4 R .081 -(uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F2(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C -2.581(fs)-2.581 G .08(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 -2.58(\)i)C 2.58(fa)-2.58 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G .08(rror occurs while)-2.58 F -(the)108 422.4 Q 2.5(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G 2.5(cute. All).15 F -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltins return an e).2 E -(xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage.)-.15 E F1(Bash)108 439.2 Q +(If a command is)5.405 F(found b)108 247.2 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 264 Q +(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E(xpansion or redirection, the e) +-.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.)-.15 E .081(Shell b)108 280.8 R +.081(uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F3(true)A F0 2.581 +(\)i)C 2.581(fs)-2.581 G .08(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F3 +(false)A F0 2.58(\)i)C 2.58(fa)-2.58 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G .08 +(rror occurs while)-2.58 F(the)108 292.8 Q 2.5(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G +2.5(cute. All).15 F -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins return an e).2 E +(xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage.)-.15 E F1(Bash)108 309.6 Q F0 .201(itself returns the e)2.701 F .202 (xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .202 -(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 451.2 +(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 321.6 Q(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F1 -(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F5 -(SIGN)72 468 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 480 Q F1(bash)3.183 E F0 .683 +(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F2 +(SIGN)72 338.4 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 350.4 Q F1(bash)3.183 E F0 .683 (is interacti)3.183 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.183(,i).15 G 3.183(nt)-3.183 G .683(he absence of an)-3.183 F 3.183(yt)-.15 G .683(raps, it ignores) --3.183 F F3(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .682(\(so that)2.933 F F1 .682(kill 0) -3.182 F F0 .682(does not kill an)3.182 F(interacti)108 492 Q .757 -.15 -(ve s)-.25 H .457(hell\), and).15 F F3(SIGINT)2.957 E F0 .458 -(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.707 F F1(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.958 G .458(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .458(In all cases,)5.458 F -F1(bash)108 504 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F3(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E F4(.)A F0 -(If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 -E F3(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F4(,)A F3(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 -E F3(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F4(.)A F0(Non-b)108 520.8 Q 1.065 -(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F1(bash)3.565 E F0(ha)3.565 E 1.365 -.15 -(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.064 +-3.183 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .682(\(so that)2.933 F +F1 .682(kill 0)3.182 F F0 .682(does not kill an)3.182 F(interacti)108 +362.4 Q .757 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .457(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)2.957 E +F0 .458(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.707 F F1(wait)2.958 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.958 G .458(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .458(In all cases,) +5.458 F F1(bash)108 374.4 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E/F5 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F1 +(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU) +-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0(Non-b)108 391.2 +Q 1.065(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F1(bash)3.565 E F0(ha)3.565 E 1.365 +-.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.064 (alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.247(parent. When)108 -532.8 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 -(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F3(SIGINT)3.248 E F0(and) -2.998 E F3(SIGQ)3.248 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .748(in addi-)2.998 F .653 -(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 544.8 R .653 +403.2 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 +(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F4(SIGINT)3.248 E F0(and) +2.998 E F4(SIGQ)3.248 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .748(in addi-)2.998 F .653 +(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 415.2 R .653 (Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.653 F --.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 556.8 Q F3 -(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F4(,)A F3(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3 -(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F4(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 573.6 R 2.045 -(xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F3(SIGHUP)4.545 E -F4(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.346 --.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.046(hell resends the).15 F F3(SIGHUP)108 585.6 Q F0 -1.005(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.255 F 1.004 -(Stopped jobs are sent)6.005 F F3(SIGCONT)3.504 E F0 1.004 -(to ensure that the)3.254 F 3.504(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.504 E 1.304 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F3(SIGHUP)108 597.6 Q F4(.)A F0 2.529 -.8(To p) -5.429 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal\ - to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.43(df).15 -G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357(jobs table with the)108 609.6 R F1(diso) -3.857 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.857 G 1.357(iltin \(see).2 F F3 1.356 -(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.606 E -1.356(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F3 -(SIGHUP)108 621.6 Q F0(using)2.25 E F1(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A -.166(If the)108 638.4 R F1(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 -(shell option has been set with)2.666 F F1(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F1(bash) -2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F3(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 -(to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e)108 -650.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 667.2 Q F1(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F -.546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.046(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap) --3.046 F .662(will not be e)108 679.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 +-.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 427.2 Q F4 +(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4 +(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 444 R 2.045(xits by def) +-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F4(SIGHUP)4.545 E F5(.)A F0 +2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.346 -.15 +(ve s)-.25 H 2.046(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 456 Q F0 1.005 +(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.255 F 1.004(Stopped jobs are sent) +6.005 F F4(SIGCONT)3.504 E F0 1.004(to ensure that the)3.254 F 3.504(yr) +-.15 G(ecei)-3.504 E 1.304 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F4(SIGHUP)108 468 Q +F5(.)A F0 2.529 -.8(To p)5.429 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shel\ +l from sending the signal to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.43(df).15 G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357 +(jobs table with the)108 480 R F1(diso)3.857 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.857 +G 1.357(iltin \(see).2 F F4 1.356(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.606 E 1.356(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356 +(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F4(SIGHUP)108 492 Q F0(using)2.25 +E F1(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A .166(If the)108 508.8 R F1 +(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166(shell option has been set with)2.666 F F1 +(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F1(bash)2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F4(SIGHUP) +2.666 E F0 .166(to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(login shell e)108 520.8 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 537.6 Q F1(bash)3.047 E +F0 .547(is w)3.047 F .546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.046(sas).15 G .546 +(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap)-3.046 F .662 +(will not be e)108 549.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 (cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F1(bash)3.163 E F0 .663(is w)3.163 F .663(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .99 -(via the)108 691.2 R F1(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the rec\ +(via the)108 561.6 R F1(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the rec\ eption of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F1 (wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin to).2 F -(return immediately with an e)108 703.2 Q +(return immediately with an e)108 573.6 Q (xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15 -E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29) -135.965 E(31)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 32 32 +E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2(JOB CONTR)72 590.4 Q(OL)-.329 E F3 -.25 +(Jo)108 602.4 S 4.567(bc).25 G(ontr)-4.567 E(ol)-.45 E F0 2.067 +(refers to the ability to selecti)5.077 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.067 +(ly stop \().15 F F3(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t)C 2.068(he e)-4.567 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 2.068(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 614.4 Q +F3 -.37(re)C(sume).37 E F0 3.202(\)t)C .702(heir e)-3.202 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .702(cution at a later point.).15 F 3.202(Au)5.702 G .702 +(ser typically emplo)-3.202 F .702(ys this f)-.1 F .702 +(acility via an interacti)-.1 F 1.001 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E(ace) +-.1 E(supplied jointly by the operating system k)108 626.4 Q(ernel')-.1 +E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 G(nd)-2.5 E +F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 643.2 R F3(job) +5.024 E F0 .784(with each pipeline.)3.514 F .784(It k)5.784 F .785 +(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .785 +(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .341(listed with the)108 655.2 R F1 +(jobs)2.841 E F0 2.841(command. 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Background)108 307.2 R .551 -(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.051 F F6 .551 +(ground processes are allo)108 144 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F 2.66 +(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F4 10 +/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) +-2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. Background)108 156 R .551 +(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.051 F F4 .551 (stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .552(is in ef)3.052 F .552(fect\) the)-.25 F -.718(terminal are sent a)108 319.2 R F4 .718(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.218 F -(OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.968 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.217(st)-.55 -G .717(erminal dri)-3.217 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.517 -.4(r, w).15 H .717 -(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 331.2 Q 1.087 -(If the operating system on which)108 348 R F3(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088 -(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F3(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088 -(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 360 S -.302(ping the).8 F F2(suspend)3.142 E F0 .302(character \(typically) -3.572 F F3(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 +.718(terminal are sent a)108 168 R F2 .718(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.218 F(OU\)) +-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.968 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.217(st)-.55 G +.717(erminal dri)-3.217 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.517 -.4(r, w).15 H .717 +(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 180 Q 1.087 +(If the operating system on which)108 196.8 R/F5 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F5(bash) +3.588 E F0 1.088(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8 +(Ty)108 208.8 S .302(ping the).8 F F1(suspend)3.142 E F0 .302 +(character \(typically)3.572 F F5(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 (ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801 -F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 372 R F3(bash)4.642 E F0 -7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F2 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 -2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F3(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C +F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 220.8 R F5(bash)4.642 E F0 +7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F1 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 +2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F5(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C (ontrol-Y\))-4.643 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ -mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108 384 -R(to)108 396 Q F3(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 +mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108 +232.8 R(to)108 244.8 Q F5(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 (he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F -F3(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .895 -(background, the)108 408 R F3(fg)3.395 E F0 .895 +F5(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .895 +(background, the)108 256.8 R F5(fg)3.395 E F0 .895 (command to continue it in the fore)3.395 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F -F3(kill)3.395 E F0 .894(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.894 E F3(^Z) -3.394 E F0(tak)3.394 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 420 Q .948(fect immediately)-.25 -F 3.448(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.448 F .948 +F5(kill)3.395 E F0 .894(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.894 E F5(^Z) +3.394 E F0(tak)3.394 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 268.8 Q .948(fect immediately) +-.25 F 3.448(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.448 F .948 (fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.) -108 432 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 448.8 R .777 -(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F3 -(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 460.8 -Q F2(jobspec)A F0 3.457(\). Job)B(number)3.457 E F2(n)3.817 E F0 .957 -(may be referred to as)3.697 F F3(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 +108 280.8 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 297.6 R .777 +(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F5 +(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 309.6 +Q F1(jobspec)A F0 3.457(\). Job)B(number)3.457 E F1(n)3.817 E F0 .957 +(may be referred to as)3.697 F F5(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 (job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\ ed to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.) -108 472.8 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F3(%ce)3.09 E -F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 484.8 Q F3(ce)3.463 E F0(job)3.463 +108 321.6 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F5(%ce)3.09 E +F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 333.6 Q F5(ce)3.463 E F0(job)3.463 E 5.963(.I)-.4 G 3.463(fap)-5.963 G .963 -(re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F3(bash)3.463 E F0 .963 -(reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E F3(%?ce)3.463 E +(re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F5(bash)3.463 E F0 .963 +(reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E F5(%?ce)3.463 E F0 3.464(,o)C 3.464(nt)-3.464 G .964(he other)-3.464 F .087 -(hand, refers to an)108 496.8 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 -(ob containing the string)-2.587 F F3(ce)2.587 E F0 .087 +(hand, refers to an)108 345.6 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 +(ob containing the string)-2.587 F F5(ce)2.587 E F0 .087 (in its command line.)2.587 F .087 -(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 508.8 Q F3 +(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 357.6 Q F5 (bash)2.518 E F0 .018(reports an error)2.518 F 5.018(.T)-.55 G .018 -(he symbols)-5.018 F F3(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F3(%+)2.518 E F0 .018 +(he symbols)-5.018 F F5(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F5(%+)2.518 E F0 .018 (refer to the shell')2.518 F 2.518(sn)-.55 G .018(otion of the)-2.518 F -F2(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w).23 G .018(hich is) --2.518 F .495(the last job stopped while it w)108 520.8 R .495 +F1(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w).23 G .018(hich is) +-2.518 F .495(the last job stopped while it w)108 369.6 R .495 (as in the fore)-.1 F .495(ground or started in the background.)-.15 F -(The)5.494 E F2(pr)4.244 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .494(ious job).15 F F0 .494 -(may be)3.224 F .787(referenced using)108 532.8 R F3<25ad>3.287 E F0 -5.787(.I)C 3.287(ft)-5.787 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.287 F F3 -(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F3<25ad>3.287 E F0 .788 +(The)5.494 E F1(pr)4.244 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .494(ious job).15 F F0 .494 +(may be)3.224 F .787(referenced using)108 381.6 R F5<25ad>3.287 E F0 +5.787(.I)C 3.287(ft)-5.787 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.287 F F5 +(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F5<25ad>3.287 E F0 .788 (can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.788(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.788 E -.257(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 544.8 R F3 +.257(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 393.6 R F5 (jobs)2.756 E F0 .256(command\), the current job is al)2.756 F -.1(wa) --.1 G .256(ys \215agged with a).1 F F3(+)2.756 E F0(,)A .41(and the pre) -108 556.8 R .41(vious job with a)-.25 F F3<ad>2.91 E F0 5.41(.A)C .411 +-.1 G .256(ys \215agged with a).1 F F5(+)2.756 E F0(,)A .41(and the pre) +108 405.6 R .41(vious job with a)-.25 F F5<ad>2.91 E F0 5.41(.A)C .411 (single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .411 (ying job speci\214cation\) also refers to the cur)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(rent job)108 568.8 Q(.)-.4 E .444 -(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 585.6 R -(ground:)-.15 E F3(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for) --.15 F F3 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C +(rent job)108 417.6 Q(.)-.4 E .444 +(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 434.4 R +(ground:)-.15 E F5(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for) +-.15 F F5 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C (ringing)-2.943 E 1.472(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 -597.6 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F3 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 +446.4 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F5 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 (%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F -(equi)108 609.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F3 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') -.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 626.4 +(equi)108 458.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F5 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') +.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 475.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj).15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F -(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F3(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 +(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F5(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 (its until it is about to print a).1 F .157 -(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 638.4 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G +(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 487.2 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G .157(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158 -(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F3<ad62>2.658 E F0 .158 -(option to)2.658 F(the)108 650.4 Q F3(set)3.952 E F0 -.2(bu)3.952 G -1.452(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F3(bash)3.952 E F0 1.451 +(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F5<ad62>2.658 E F0 .158 +(option to)2.658 F(the)108 499.2 Q F5(set)3.952 E F0 -.2(bu)3.952 G +1.452(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F5(bash)3.952 E F0 1.451 (reports such changes immediately)3.952 F 6.451(.A)-.65 G 1.751 -.15 -(ny t)-6.451 H 1.451(rap on).15 F F4(SIGCHLD)3.951 E F0(is)3.701 E -.15 -(exe)108 662.4 S(cuted for each child that e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E .032 -(If an attempt to e)108 679.2 R(xit)-.15 E F3(bash)2.532 E F0 .032 +(ny t)-6.451 H 1.451(rap on).15 F F2(SIGCHLD)3.951 E F0(is)3.701 E -.15 +(exe)108 511.2 S(cuted for each child that e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E .032 +(If an attempt to e)108 528 R(xit)-.15 E F5(bash)2.532 E F0 .032 (is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533(,i)-.4 G 2.533(ft) --2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F3(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 -(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 2.02(using the)108 691.2 R F3 +-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F5(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 +(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 2.02(using the)108 540 R F5 (shopt)4.52 E F0 -.2(bu)4.52 G 2.02 (iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.019 -(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F3(checkjobs)4.519 E F0 2.019 +(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F5(checkjobs)4.519 E F0 2.019 (option is)4.519 F .458(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 -703.2 R(The)5.458 E F3(jobs)2.958 E F0 .459 +552 R(The)5.458 E F5(jobs)2.958 E F0 .459 (command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .459(If a) -5.459 F .604(second attempt to e)108 715.2 R .604 +5.459 F .604(second attempt to e)108 564 R .604 (xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604 (ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E -(and an)108 727.2 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E -(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(32)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 33 33 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 84 Q(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644 -(When e)108 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.144 E F0 .645 -(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS1)3.145 E F0 -.645(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F 1.826 -(and the secondary prompt)108 108 R F3(PS2)4.326 E F0 1.825 -(when it needs more input to complete a command.)4.076 F F2(Bash)6.825 E +(and an)108 576 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E/F6 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 592.8 Q(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 +604.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 +E(,)-.65 E F5(bash)3.144 E F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F +F2(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F 1.826 +(and the secondary prompt)108 616.8 R F2(PS2)4.326 E F0 1.825 +(when it needs more input to complete a command.)4.076 F F5(Bash)6.825 E F0(allo)4.325 E 1.825(ws these)-.25 F 1.499(prompt strings to be custom\ ized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped special characters that\ - are)108 120 R(decoded as follo)108 132 Q(ws:)-.25 E F2(\\a)144 144 Q F0 -(an ASCII bell character \(07\))28.22 E F2(\\d)144 156 Q F0 + are)108 628.8 R(decoded as follo)108 640.8 Q(ws:)-.25 E F5(\\a)144 +652.8 Q F0(an ASCII bell character \(07\))28.22 E F5(\\d)144 664.8 Q F0 (the date in "W)27.66 E(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E -(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F2(\\D{)144 168 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(format)A -F2(})A F0(the)180 180 Q F4(format)3.927 E F0 1.427(is passed to)3.927 F -F4(strftime)3.927 E F0 1.427 +(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F5(\\D{)144 676.8 Q F1(format)A F5(})A F0(the)180 +688.8 Q F1(format)3.927 E F0 1.427(is passed to)3.927 F F1(strftime) +3.927 E F0 1.427 (\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180 -192 Q F4(format)2.5 E F0 +700.8 Q F1(format)2.5 E F0 (results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E -(The braces are required)5 E F2(\\e)144 204 Q F0 -(an ASCII escape character \(033\))28.78 E F2(\\h)144 216 Q F0 -(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)27.66 E(')-.7 E F2(\\H)144 228 Q F0 -(the hostname)25.44 E F2(\\j)144 240 Q F0 -(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)29.89 E F2(\\l)144 -252 Q F0(the basename of the shell')30.44 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de) --2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F2(\\n)144 264 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F2 -(\\r)144 276 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F2(\\s)144 288 Q F0 -(the name of the shell, the basename of)29.33 E F2($0)2.5 E F0 -(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F2(\\t)144 -300 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)29.89 E F2(\\T)144 -312 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)26.55 E F2(\\@)144 -324 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)23.92 E F2(\\A)144 336 -Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)26 E F2(\\u)144 348 Q F0 -(the username of the current user)27.66 E F2(\\v)144 360 Q F0(the v) -28.22 E(ersion of)-.15 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F2(\\V) -144 372 Q F0(the release of)26 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C +(The braces are required)5 E F5(\\e)144 712.8 Q F0 +(an ASCII escape character \(033\))28.78 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(33)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 34 34 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\h)144 84 Q F0 +(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)27.66 E(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 96 Q F0 +(the hostname)25.44 E F1(\\j)144 108 Q F0 +(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)29.89 E F1(\\l)144 +120 Q F0(the basename of the shell')30.44 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de) +-2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 132 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F1 +(\\r)144 144 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\s)144 156 Q F0 +(the name of the shell, the basename of)29.33 E F1($0)2.5 E F0 +(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F1(\\t)144 +168 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)29.89 E F1(\\T)144 +180 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)26.55 E F1(\\@)144 +192 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)23.92 E F1(\\A)144 204 +Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)26 E F1(\\u)144 216 Q F0 +(the username of the current user)27.66 E F1(\\v)144 228 Q F0(the v) +28.22 E(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V) +144 240 Q F0(the release of)26 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C (ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\)) --2.5 E F2(\\w)144 384 Q F0 .115(the current w)26 F .115 -(orking directory)-.1 F 2.615(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.615 E F3($HOME)2.615 E F0 -(abbre)2.365 E .116(viated with a tilde \(uses the v)-.25 F .116 -(alue of the)-.25 F F3(PR)180 396 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 E F0 -.25 -(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E F2(\\W)144 408 Q F0 +-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 252 Q F0 .115(the current w)26 F .115 +(orking directory)-.1 F 2.615(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.615 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF($HOME)2.615 E F0(abbre)2.365 E .116(viated with a tilde \(uses the v) +-.25 F .116(alue of the)-.25 F F2(PR)180 264 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 +E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E F1(\\W)144 276 Q F0 (the basename of the current w)23.22 E(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w) --.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F3($HOME)2.5 E F0(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde) --.25 E F2(\\!)144 420 Q F0(the history number of this command)29.89 E F2 -(\\#)144 432 Q F0(the command number of this command)28.22 E F2(\\$)144 -444 Q F0(if the ef)28.22 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a) -.15 E F2(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F2($)2.5 E(\\)144 456 Q -F4(nnn)A F0(the character corresponding to the octal number)18.22 E F4 -(nnn)2.5 E F2(\\\\)144 468 Q F0 2.5(ab)30.44 G(ackslash)-2.5 E F2(\\[) -144 480 Q F0(be)29.89 E 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters\ -, which could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F -(control sequence into the prompt)180 492 Q F2(\\])144 504 Q F0 -(end a sequence of non-printing characters)29.89 E .119 -(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 520.8 R -.12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(positio\ -n in the history list, which may include commands restored from the his\ -tory \214le \(see)108 532.8 R F3(HIST)4.084 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 -(belo)108 544.8 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the position in\ - the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .541 -(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 556.8 R +-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F2($HOME)2.5 E F0(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde) +-.25 E F1(\\!)144 288 Q F0(the history number of this command)29.89 E F1 +(\\#)144 300 Q F0(the command number of this command)28.22 E F1(\\$)144 +312 Q F0(if the ef)28.22 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a) +.15 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 324 Q +/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 +(the character corresponding to the octal number)18.22 E F3(nnn)2.5 E F1 +(\\\\)144 336 Q F0 2.5(ab)30.44 G(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 348 Q F0 +(be)29.89 E 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which coul\ +d be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F(control sequence into the prompt) +180 360 Q F1(\\])144 372 Q F0(end a sequence of non-printing characters) +29.89 E .119(The command number and the history number are usually dif) +108 388.8 R .12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F +1.585(position in the history list, which may include commands restored\ + from the history \214le \(see)108 400.8 R F2(HIST)4.084 E(OR)-.162 E(Y) +-.315 E F0(belo)108 412.8 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the p\ +osition in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .541 +(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 424.8 R .546(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546 (xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .546(xpansion, command substitu-)-.15 F -.351(tion, arithmetic e)108 568.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F --.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F2 +.351(tion, arithmetic e)108 436.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F +-.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F1 (pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .352(shell option \(see the)2.852 -F(description of the)108 580.8 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E -F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) --.25 E F1(READLINE)72 597.6 Q F0 .151 +F(description of the)108 448.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E +F2(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) +-.25 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 465.6 Q F0 .151 (This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti) -108 609.6 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F F2 -(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E 1.208(is gi)108 621.6 R -.15 +108 477.6 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F F1 +(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E 1.208(is gi)108 489.6 R -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.708(na).15 G 3.708(ts)-3.708 G 1.208(hell in)-3.708 F -.2 (vo)-.4 G 3.708(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 -(editing is also used when using the)3.708 F F2<ad65>3.709 E F0 1.209 -(option to the)3.709 F F2 -.18(re)3.709 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.709 G -3.709(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 633.6 Q .95 -(ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of emacs.)-.1 F -3.449(Av)5.949 G .949(i-style line editing interf)-3.449 F .949 -(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 645.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 +(editing is also used when using the)3.708 F F1<ad65>3.709 E F0 1.209 +(option to the)3.709 F F1 -.18(re)3.709 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.709 G +3.709(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 501.6 Q .851 +(ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.)-.1 F +3.351(Av)5.851 G .851(i-style line editing interf)-3.351 F .851 +(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 513.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 (editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the) --3.35 F F2 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F2 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 -.85(options to the)3.35 F F2(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E -(\(see)108 657.6 Q F3 .763(SHELL B)3.263 F(UIL)-.09 E .763(TIN COMMANDS) +-3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 +.85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E +(\(see)108 525.6 Q F2 .763(SHELL B)3.263 F(UIL)-.09 E .763(TIN COMMANDS) -.828 F F0(belo)3.013 E 3.263(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) -3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 -(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F2(+o)3.262 E -(emacs)108 669.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F2(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F2 -(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F2(Readline Notation)87 686.4 Q -F0 .567(In this section, the emacs-style notation is used to denote k) -108 698.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 3.068(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) -3.068 G .568(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F4 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A -1.153(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 710.4 R(Similarly)6.153 E(,) --.65 E F4(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) --.05 F F4 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652(oM)-3.652 G 1.152 -(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke)108 722.4 S .83 -(yboards without a)-.05 F F4(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G 2.13 -.65 -(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F4(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F4(x)3.33 E F0 3.33 +(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.262 E +(emacs)108 537.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 +(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 554.4 Q +F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k) +108 566.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) +2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A +1.153(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 578.4 R(Similarly)6.153 E(,) +-.65 E F3(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) +-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652(oM)-3.652 G 1.152 +(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke)108 590.4 S .83 +(yboards without a)-.05 F F3(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G 2.13 -.65 +(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F3(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F3(x)3.33 E F0 3.33 (,i)C .831(.e., press the Escape k)-3.33 F 1.131 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .831 -(hen the).15 F F4(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05 H -.831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29) -135.965 E(33)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 34 34 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .6(ESC the)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .6(meta pr)3.1 F -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F1(x)A F0 -.599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F1(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp) +(hen the).15 F F3(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05 H +.831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .6(ESC the)108 602.4 R F3 .6(meta pr)3.1 F +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F3(x)A F0 +.599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F3(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp) -3.099 G .599(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .899 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .599 -(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 96 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H -(hile pressing the).15 E F1(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) -.65 E .619(Readline commands may be gi)108 112.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 -(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F1(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G +(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 614.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H +(hile pressing the).15 E F3(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) +.65 E .619(Readline commands may be gi)108 631.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 +(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F3(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G .619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.62 E(ho) -108 124.8 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti).4 G +108 643.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti).4 G 3.119(st)-3.119 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 (gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) .15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 -(ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 136.8 R 1.018 -(ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(kill\255line)3.518 E -F0 3.518(\)c)C 1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.019 -(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 148.8 Q +(ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 655.2 R 1.018 +(ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C +1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.019 +(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 667.2 Q (vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo) --.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .812(When a command is described as)108 165.6 R F1 +-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .812(When a command is described as)108 684 R F3 (killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 (xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .811 -(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F1 -(yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 177.6 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 -F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F1 +(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F3 +(yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 696 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F +.029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F3 .029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H .029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) --.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 189.6 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F -.567(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 +-.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 708 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567 +(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 (xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.) -108 201.6 Q F2(Readline Initialization)87 218.4 Q F0 .091(Readline is c\ -ustomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 -230.4 R F1(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .092 -(name of this \214le)2.591 F .197(is tak)108 242.4 R .196(en from the v) --.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 --.25(va)2.446 G 2.696(riable. If).25 F .196(that v)2.696 F .196 -(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F1(~/.inputr)2.696 -E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .196(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which us\ -es the readline library starts up, the initialization \214le is read, a\ -nd the k)108 254.4 R 1.335 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.035(indings and).15 F -.25 -(va)108 266.4 S 1.15(riables are set.).25 F 1.15(There are only a fe) -6.15 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.149 -(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.149 E .736 -(lines are ignored.)108 278.4 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 -(ginning with a)-.15 F F2(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737 -(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F2($)3.237 E F0 .737 -(indicate conditional)3.237 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 290.4 R +108 720 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(34)185.955 E +0 Cg EP +%%Page: 35 35 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline Initialization)87 84 Q F0 .091(Re\ +adline is customized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(\ +the)108 96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591 +(\214le\). The)2.591 F .092(name of this \214le)2.591 F .197(is tak)108 +108 R .196(en from the v)-.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 -.25(va)2.446 G 2.696(riable. If).25 F .196 +(that v)2.696 F .196(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F +F2(~/.inputr)2.696 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .196(hen a)-5.196 F +1.034(program which uses the readline library starts up, the initializa\ +tion \214le is read, and the k)108 120 R 1.335 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.035 +(indings and).15 F -.25(va)108 132 S 1.15(riables are set.).25 F 1.15 +(There are only a fe)6.15 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo) +-3.649 F 1.149(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank) +6.149 E .736(lines are ignored.)108 144 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 +(ginning with a)-.15 F F1(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737 +(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.237 E F0 .737 +(indicate conditional)3.237 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 156 R (lines denote k)2.5 E .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings and v).15 E -(ariable settings.)-.25 E .987(The def)108 307.2 R .987(ault k)-.1 F --.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F1(inputr) +(ariable settings.)-.25 E .987(The def)108 172.8 R .987(ault k)-.1 F +-.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F2(inputr) 3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987 -(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 319.2 Q -(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 336 S 2.5(re).15 G -(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 352.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 -G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 364.8 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 -376.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 388.8 -Q F1(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G -(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F1 +(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 184.8 Q +(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 201.6 S 2.5(re).15 G +(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 218.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 +G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 230.4 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 +242.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 254.4 +Q F2(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G +(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F2 (univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.26(The follo) -108 405.6 R 1.261(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F -F1 -.4(RU)3.761 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F1 -(ESC)3.761 E F0(,).72 E F1(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F1(NEWLINE)3.761 E F0 -(,).73 E F1(RET)3.761 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(RETURN)108 417.6 Q F0(,)1.1 E F1 -(SPC)2.5 E F0(,).72 E F1(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G -(nd)-2.5 E F1 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 -(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 434.4 R .209(ws k)-.25 -F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209 +108 271.2 R 1.261(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F +F2 -.4(RU)3.761 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F2 +(ESC)3.761 E F0(,).72 E F2(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F2(NEWLINE)3.761 E F0 +(,).73 E F2(RET)3.761 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(RETURN)108 283.2 Q F0(,)1.1 E F2 +(SPC)2.5 E F0(,).72 E F2(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G +(nd)-2.5 E F2 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 +(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 300 R .209(ws k)-.25 F +-.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209 (ound to a string that is inserted when the k)-2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i) --.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 446.4 Q F1(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A F2 -(Readline K)87 463.2 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366 -(The syntax for controlling k)108 475.2 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 -(indings in the).15 F F1(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 +-.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 312 Q F2(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A F1 +(Readline K)87 328.8 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366 +(The syntax for controlling k)108 340.8 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 +(indings in the).15 F F2(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 (\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the) -5.366 F .383(command or the te)108 487.2 R .383(xt of a macro and a k) +5.366 F .383(command or the te)108 352.8 R .383(xt of a macro and a k) -.15 F .683 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .383 (equence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci-).15 F .853 -(\214ed in one of tw)108 499.2 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853 +(\214ed in one of tw)108 364.8 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853 (ays: as a symbolic k)-3.453 F 1.153 -.15(ey n)-.1 H .853 -(ame, possibly with).15 F F1(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or)3.353 E F1(Contr) +(ame, possibly with).15 F F2(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or)3.353 E F2(Contr) 3.353 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)3.353 E .853(es, or as a k)-.15 F -.15 -(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 511.2 Q 1.542(When using the form)108 528 R F2 --.1(ke)4.042 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)4.042 -E F1(macr)4.042 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)4.042 G(yname)-.2 E F0 1.542 +(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 376.8 Q 1.542(When using the form)108 393.6 R F1 +-.1(ke)4.042 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)4.042 +E F2(macr)4.042 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)4.042 G(yname)-.2 E F0 1.542 (is the name of a k)4.222 F 1.841 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.541(pelled out in) -.15 F 2.5(English. F)108 540 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E -(Control-u: uni)144 564 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E -(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 576 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E -(Control-o: "> output")144 588 Q .698(In the abo)108 604.8 R .998 -.15 -(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F1(C\255u)3.038 E F0 .698 -(is bound to the function)3.448 F F2(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)-.1 G -(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F1(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 -(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 616.8 Q F2 -(backward\255kill\255w)2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd)-2.759 E F1 +.15 F 2.5(English. F)108 405.6 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E +(Control-u: uni)144 429.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 +E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 441.6 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E +(Control-o: "> output")144 453.6 Q .698(In the abo)108 470.4 R .998 -.15 +(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F2(C\255u)3.038 E F0 .698 +(is bound to the function)3.448 F F1(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)-.1 G +(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F2(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 +(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 482.4 Q F1 +(backward\255kill\255w)2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd)-2.759 E F2 (C\255o)2.599 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.939 F .258 (xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108 -628.8 Q(xt)-.15 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 -(into the line\).)2.5 E .055(In the second form,)108 645.6 R F2("k)2.555 -E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.555 E F1(macr) -2.555 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.556 E .056 -(fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.556 E .356 -.15 +494.4 Q(xt)-.15 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 +(into the line\).)2.5 E .055(In the second form,)108 511.2 R F1("k)2.555 +E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.555 E F2(macr) +2.555 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.556 E .056 +(fers from)-.25 F F1 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.556 E .356 -.15 (ve i)-.15 H 2.556(nt).15 G .056(hat strings)-2.556 F 1.284 -(denoting an entire k)108 657.6 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ +(denoting an entire k)108 523.2 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ ay be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F -(Some)6.284 E .385(GNU Emacs style k)108 669.6 R .685 -.15(ey e)-.1 H +(Some)6.284 E .385(GNU Emacs style k)108 535.2 R .685 -.15(ey e)-.1 H .385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .386 (xample, b)-.15 F .386(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F -(are not recognized.)108 681.6 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 705.6 Q -.15(ve) +(are not recognized.)108 547.2 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 571.2 Q -.15(ve) -.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E -("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 717.6 Q -("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 729.6 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E -(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(34)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 35 35 +("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 583.2 Q +("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 595.2 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .315 +(In this e)108 612 R(xample,)-.15 E F2(C\255u)2.655 E F0 .315(is ag) +3.065 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F1(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 +G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F2 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 +.314(is bound to the func-)3.544 F(tion)108 624 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G<ad72> +.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2(ESC [ 1 1 ~) +3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F4(Function Key 1) +2.5 E F0(.)A(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 +640.8 Q F1<5c43ad>144 652.8 Q F0(control pre\214x)20.3 E F1<5c4dad>144 +664.8 Q F0(meta pre\214x)18.08 E F1(\\e)144 676.8 Q F0 +(an escape character)28.78 E F1(\\\\)144 688.8 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1 +(\\")144 700.8 Q F0(literal ")27.67 E F1<5c08>144 712.8 Q F0 +(literal \010)30.44 E(In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequenc\ +es, a second set of backslash escapes is a)108 729.6 Q -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable:).25 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(35) +185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 36 36 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .315(In this e)108 84 R(xample,)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(C\255u)2.655 E F0 .315(is ag)3.065 F .315(ain bound to the function) --.05 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E -(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 .314 -(is bound to the func-)3.544 F(tion)108 96 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G<ad72>.18 E -(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1(ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 -E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF -(Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A -(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 112.8 Q F2 -<5c43ad>144 124.8 Q F0(control pre\214x)20.3 E F2<5c4dad>144 136.8 Q F0 -(meta pre\214x)18.08 E F2(\\e)144 148.8 Q F0(an escape character)28.78 E -F2(\\\\)144 160.8 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F2(\\")144 172.8 Q F0 -(literal ")27.67 E F2<5c08>144 184.8 Q F0(literal \010)30.44 E(In addit\ -ion to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of backslash \ -escapes is a)108 201.6 Q -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F2(\\a)144 213.6 Q -F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F2(\\b)144 225.6 Q F0(backspace)27.66 E F2 -(\\d)144 237.6 Q F0(delete)27.66 E F2(\\f)144 249.6 Q F0(form feed)29.89 -E F2(\\n)144 261.6 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F2(\\r)144 273.6 Q F0 -(carriage return)28.78 E F2(\\t)144 285.6 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F2 -(\\v)144 297.6 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F2(\\)144 309.6 Q -F1(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)18.22 E(alue is the octal v) --.25 E(alue)-.25 E F1(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F2(\\x) -144 321.6 Q F1(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E -(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F1(HH)2.5 E F0 -(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.141 -(When entering the te)108 338.4 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double\ +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\a)144 84 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1 +(\\b)144 96 Q F0(backspace)27.66 E F1(\\d)144 108 Q F0(delete)27.66 E F1 +(\\f)144 120 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F1(\\n)144 132 Q F0(ne)27.66 E +(wline)-.25 E F1(\\r)144 144 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\t)144 156 +Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1(\\v)144 168 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G +(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\)144 180 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 +(the eight-bit character whose v)18.22 E(alue is the octal v)-.25 E +(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 +192 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E(alue is the he) +-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E +2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.141 +(When entering the te)108 208.8 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double\ quotes must be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .09 -(Unquoted te)108 350.4 R .09(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F +(Unquoted te)108 220.8 R .09(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F .089(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.589(,t)-.65 G .089 (he backslash escapes described abo)-2.589 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 -362.4 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G +232.8 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G (ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E -F2(Bash)108 379.2 Q F0(allo)2.929 E .429(ws the current readline k)-.25 +F1(Bash)108 249.6 Q F0(allo)2.929 E .429(ws the current readline k)-.25 F .729 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 -(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F2(bind)2.93 E F0 +(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F1(bind)2.93 E F0 -.2(bu)2.93 G .43(iltin command.).2 F .046 -(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 391.2 R .346 -.15 -(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F2<ad6f>2.545 E F0 .045 -(option to the)2.545 F F2(set)2.545 E F0 -.2(bu)2.545 G .045 -(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 403.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E -(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -(Readline V)87 420 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .043(Readline has v)108 432 R -.043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F +(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 261.6 R .346 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F1<ad6f>2.545 E F0 .045 +(option to the)2.545 F F1(set)2.545 E F0 -.2(bu)2.545 G .045 +(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 273.6 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E +(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 +(Readline V)87 290.4 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .043(Readline has v)108 302.4 +R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F (vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043 -(riable may be set in the).25 F F1(inpu-)2.554 E(tr)108 444 Q(c)-.37 E -F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F2(set)144 460.8 Q F1 +(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.554 E(tr)108 314.4 Q(c)-.37 E +F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 331.2 Q F2 (variable\255name value)2.5 E F0 .79(Except where noted, readline v)108 -477.6 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F -(alues)-.25 E F2(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F2(Off)3.29 E F0 .79 -(\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-) -5.79 E .448(nized v)108 489.6 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F -.448(When a v)5.448 F .448(ariable v)-.25 F .448 -(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .449(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-) --.25 F(ti)108 501.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(\), and "1" are equi).15 F --.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F2(On)2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468 -(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468 -(lent to).25 F F2(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .467(he v)-5.468 F .467 -(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 513.6 S(lues are:) -.25 E F2(bell\255style \(audible\))108 530.4 Q F0 .01 -(Controls what happens when readline w)144 542.4 R .011 -(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .011(If set to)5.011 F F2(none) +348 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues) +-.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1(Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 +F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .448(nized v) +108 360 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F +.448(ariable v)-.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .449 +(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 372 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .468 +(\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On) +2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 +F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .467 +(he v)-5.468 F .467(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 +384 S(lues are:).25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 400.8 Q F0 .01 +(Controls what happens when readline w)144 412.8 R .011 +(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .011(If set to)5.011 F F1(none) 2.511 E F0 2.511(,r)C .011(eadline ne)-2.511 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E -.94(rings the bell.)144 554.4 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F2(visible)3.44 E +.94(rings the bell.)144 424.8 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25 -(va)-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F2(audible)3.44 E F0 -(,)A(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 566.4 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G -(ell.)-2.5 E F2(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 578.4 Q F0 -.055(If set to)144 590.4 R F2(On)2.555 E F0 2.555(,r)C .056(eadline att\ +(va)-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0 +(,)A(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 436.8 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G +(ell.)-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 448.8 Q F0 +.055(If set to)144 460.8 R F1(On)2.555 E F0 2.555(,r)C .056(eadline att\ empts to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.555 F -(ernel')-.1 E 2.556(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.556 E(nal dri)144 602.4 Q -.15 +(ernel')-.1 E 2.556(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.556 E(nal dri)144 472.8 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va) --.25 G(lents.).25 E F2(comment\255begin \(`)108 614.4 Q(`#')-.63 E('\)) --.63 E F0 .885(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 626.4 R -F2(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 638.4 Q F2 -(M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F2(#)2.5 E F0 -(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F2(completion\255ignor)108 650.4 Q -(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 662.4 Q F2(On)2.5 E F0 2.5 +-.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 484.8 Q(`#')-.63 E('\)) +-.63 E F0 .885(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 496.8 R +F1(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 508.8 Q F1 +(M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 +(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 520.8 Q +(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 532.8 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5 (,r)C(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255\ -insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F2(completion\255pr) -108 674.4 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length\ +insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1(completion\255pr) +108 544.8 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length\ in characters of the common pre\214x of a list of possible completions\ - that is displayed)144 686.4 R 1.275(without modi\214cation.)144 698.4 R + that is displayed)144 556.8 R 1.275(without modi\214cation.)144 568.8 R 1.275(When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274 (alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.274 -(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 710.4 S(lue are replaced with a\ -n ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 -768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(35)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 36 36 +(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 580.8 S(lue are replaced with a\ +n ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 +(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 592.8 Q F0 .529 +(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 604.8 R .53 +(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561(erated by the) +144 616.8 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It) +3.061 F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.06 E .56 +(ger v)-.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144 +628.8 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or e\ +qual to the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 640.8 S .237 +(riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie) +-.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G +.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 652.8 Q F1(con)108 +664.8 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 676.8 +R F1(On)3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4 +G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913 +-.15(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541 +(stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) +144 688.8 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .541(meta pr)3.041 +F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 700.8 Q F0(\).)A(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(36)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 37 37 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 84 -Q F0 .529(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 96 R -.53(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561 -(erated by the)144 108 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061 -(command. It)3.061 F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte) --3.06 E .56(ger v)-.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782 -(equal to zero.)144 120 R .783(If the number of possible completions is\ - greater than or equal to the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25 -(va)144 132 S .237(riable, the user is ask).25 F .237 -(ed whether or not he wishes to vie)-.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237 -(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G .237(re simply listed) --2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 144 Q F1(con)108 156 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G -(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 168 R F1(On)3.112 E F0 -3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613 -(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541 -(stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) -144 180 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.541(meta pr)3.041 F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 192 Q F0(\).)A F1 -(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 204 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 216 R F1 -(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 -(ord completion.)-.1 F .038 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 84 Q F0 +.038(If set to)144 96 R F1(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038 +(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038(ord completion.)-.1 F .038 (Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) -144 228 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 -(.)A F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 240 Q F0 .253 -(Controls whether readline be)144 252 R .253(gins with a set of k)-.15 F -.553 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .253(indings similar to).15 F F2(emacs)2.752 E F0 -(or)2.752 E F2(vi)2.752 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.252 E F0 -(can be set to either)144 264 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 276 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.21 -(When set to)144 288 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 G 1.211 -(perating systems that indicate the)-3.71 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.211 +144 108 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 +(.)A F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 120 Q F0 .142 +(Controls whether readline be)144 132 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F +.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF(Emacs)2.641 E F0(or)2.641 E F2(vi)2.641 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode) +5.141 E F0(can be set to either)144 144 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 +(vi)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 156 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 +E F0 1.21(When set to)144 168 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 +G 1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.71 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.211 (upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F -(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 300 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board.).15 E F1(enable\255k)108 312 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893 -(When set to)144 324 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 +(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 180 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board.).15 E F1(enable\255k)108 192 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893 +(When set to)144 204 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 (eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F -(tems need this to enable the arro)144 336 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 -G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 348 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 -(When set to)144 360 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 +(tems need this to enable the arro)144 216 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 +G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 228 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 +(When set to)144 240 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 (eadline will try to enable an)-3.14 F 3.14(ym)-.15 G .64 (eta modi\214er k)-3.14 F .94 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .64 -(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 372 Q +(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 252 Q (On man)5 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(erminals, the meta k)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.5(su).15 G(sed to send eight-bit characters.)-2.5 E F1 -(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 384 Q F0(If set to)144 396 Q F1(on)2.5 E F0 +(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 264 Q F0(If set to)144 276 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w) --.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 408 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 -(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.493(If set to)144 420 R F1(on) -3.993 E F0 3.993(,t)C 1.493(he history code attempts to place point at \ -the same location on each history line)-3.993 F(retrie)144 432 Q -.15 +-.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 288 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 +(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.339(If set to)144 300 R F1(On) +3.839 E F0 3.839(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \ +the same location on each history line)-3.839 F(retrie)144 312 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G (ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history\255size \(0\))108 444 Q F0 .462 -(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 456 R -.15(ve)-.2 G +(history\255size \(0\))108 324 Q F0 .462 +(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 336 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.963(di).15 G 2.963(nt)-2.963 G .463(he history list.)-2.963 F .463 (If set to zero, the number of)5.463 F -(entries in the history list is not limited.)144 468 Q F1 -(horizontal\255scr)108 480 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449 -(When set to)144 492 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448 +(entries in the history list is not limited.)144 348 Q F1 +(horizontal\255scr)108 360 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449 +(When set to)144 372 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448 (es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .448 (crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ - ne)144 504 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 516 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 528 -Q F0 .228(If set to)144 540 R F1(On)2.728 E F0 2.728(,r)C .227(eadline \ + ne)144 384 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 396 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 408 +Q F0 .228(If set to)144 420 R F1(On)2.728 E F0 2.728(,r)C .227(eadline \ will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not strip the high bit f\ -rom the char)-2.728 F(-)-.2 E .956(acters it reads\), re)144 552 R -.05 +rom the char)-2.728 F(-)-.2 E .956(acters it reads\), re)144 432 R -.05 (ga)-.15 G .956(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F .957(The name)5.956 F F1(meta\255\215ag)3.457 E F0 .957(is a)3.457 F -(synon)144 564 Q(ym for this v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(isear)108 576 Q +(synon)144 444 Q(ym for this v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(isear)108 456 Q (ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .439(\ The string of characters that should terminate an incremental search wi\ -thout subsequently e)144 588 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E .934 -(ing the character as a command.)144 600 R .935(If this v)5.935 F .935 +thout subsequently e)144 468 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E .934 +(ing the character as a command.)144 480 R .935(If this v)5.935 F .935 (ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935 -(alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 612 Q F2 +(alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 492 Q F2 (C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke) -108 624 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021(Set the current readline k)144 -636 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 +108 504 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021(Set the current readline k)144 +516 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 (alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.02 (emacs, emacs\255standar)4.52 F(d,)-.37 E .068 -(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 648 R F0 2.568(,a)C +(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 528 R F0 2.568(,a)C (nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0 .068 (is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) -2.569 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.569 E F0 1.544(is equi)144 660 R -.25(va)-.25 +2.569 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.569 E F0 1.544(is equi)144 540 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.544(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C 1.544(he def)-6.544 F 1.544(ault v)-.1 F 1.544(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) 4.044 E F0 4.044(;t).27 G 1.544(he v)-4.044 F 1.544(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(editing\255mode)4.043 E F0(also)4.043 E(af)144 672 Q(fects the def)-.25 -E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 684 Q -(ectories \(On\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 696 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C +(editing\255mode)4.043 E F0(also)4.043 E(af)144 552 Q(fects the def)-.25 +E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 564 Q +(ectories \(On\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 576 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C (ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) -.15 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(36)185.955 E 0 Cg -EP -%%Page: 37 37 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 84 -Q F0(If set to)144 96 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha) --2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H -(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1(*)A -F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 108 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories \(Off\)) --.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 120 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 2.675(,c)C .175 +.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 588 Q F0(If set to)144 +600 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) +-.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1 +(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 612 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E +(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 624 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 +2.675(,c)C .175 (ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 --.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 132 +-.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 636 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F1 -(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 144 Q F0 .193(This v)144 156 R +(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 648 Q F0 .193(This v)144 660 R .193(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.693 E F0 2.693(,c)C .192 (auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.693 F .192 -(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.692('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.692 E 1.023 -(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion, unless the leading `.) -144 168 R 3.523('i)-.7 G 3.523(ss)-3.523 G 1.024 -(upplied by the user in the)-3.523 F(\214lename to be completed.)144 180 -Q F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 192 Q F0 .507(If set to)144 204 R F1(On) -3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will display characters with the eig\ -hth bit set directly rather than as a meta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 216 Q -(ed escape sequence.)-.15 E F1(page\255completions \(On\))108 228 Q F0 -.808(If set to)144 240 R F1(On)3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808 -(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mor)3.308 E -(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 +(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.692('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.692 E .456 +(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 672 R .456 +(If set to)5.456 F F1(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) +-2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .457(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F +(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 684 Q F1 +(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 696 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 +1.586(If set to)144 708 R F1(On)4.086 E F0 4.086(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ +ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions) +-4.086 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 720 Q +(ycling through the list.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28) +135.965 E(37)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 38 38 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(output\255meta \(Off\))108 84 Q F0 .506 +(If set to)144 96 R F1(On)3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will displ\ +ay characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-) +-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 108 Q(ed escape sequence.)-.15 E F1 +(page\255completions \(On\))108 120 Q F0 .809(If set to)144 132 R F1(On) +3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(mor)3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 (ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F -(tions at a time.)144 252 Q F1 -(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 264 Q F0 1.319 -(If set to)144 276 R F1(On)3.819 E F0 3.819(,r)C 1.318(eadline will dis\ -play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.819 -F(order)144 288 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 -E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 300 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E -F0 .872(If set to)144 312 R F1(on)3.372 E F0 3.372(,r)C .873 +(tions at a time.)144 144 Q F1 +(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 156 Q F0 1.318 +(If set to)144 168 R F1(On)3.818 E F0 3.818(,r)C 1.319(eadline will dis\ +play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.818 +F(order)144 180 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 +E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 192 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E +F0 .699(If set to)144 204 R F1(On)3.199 E F0 3.199(,r)C .699 (eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) --3.372 F F1(accept\255line)3.373 E F0(is)3.373 E -.15(exe)144 324 S +-3.199 F F1(accept\255line)3.198 E F0(is)3.198 E -.15(exe)144 216 S 2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 (ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 -(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 336 S(adline) -.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 348 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E -F0 .477(This alters the def)144 360 R .477(ault beha)-.1 F .477 -(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .478(If set to)5.478 F F1(on) -2.978 E F0 2.978(,w)C .478(ords which ha)-3.078 F .778 -.15(ve m)-.2 H +(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 228 S(adline) +.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 240 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E +F0 .304(This alters the def)144 252 R .304(ault beha)-.1 F .304 +(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F1(On) +2.804 E F0 2.803(,w)C .303(ords which ha)-2.903 F .603 -.15(ve m)-.2 H (ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ -isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 372 R(bell.)144 384 Q F1 -(sho)108 396 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345 -(This alters the def)144 408 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 -(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.346(ashion similar to) --.1 F F1(sho)144 420 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.923(.I)C -4.423(fs)-6.923 G 1.923(et to)-4.423 F F1(on)4.423 E F0 4.423(,w)C 1.923 -(ords which ha)-4.523 F 2.222 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.922 -(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.039(without an)144 432 R 3.539 +isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 264 R(bell.)144 276 Q F1 +(sho)108 288 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346 +(This alters the def)144 300 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 +(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.345(ashion similar to) +-.1 F F1(sho)144 312 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.69(.I)C +4.19(fs)-6.69 G 1.691(et to)-4.19 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 +(ords which ha)-4.291 F 1.991 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.691 +(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 324 R 3.54 (yp)-.15 G 1.039 -(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.539 F -3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.04(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the matche\ -s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 444 Q F1 -(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 456 Q F0 .095(If set to)144 468 R -F1(On)2.595 E F0 2.595(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.595 F .095 -(ault completion beha)-.1 F .094 -(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 480 Q -2.545(so)-.55 G .045(nly acti)-2.545 F .345 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 -(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.546(ord. If)-.1 -F .046(enabled, readline does not)2.546 F 1.394(insert characters from \ -the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 492 R -1.394(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 504 Q +(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.54 F +3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.039(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the match\ +es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 336 Q F1 +(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 348 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 360 R +F1(On)2.594 E F0 2.594(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.594 F .095 +(ault completion beha)-.1 F .095 +(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 372 Q +2.546(so)-.55 G .046(nly acti)-2.546 F .346 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 +(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.545(ord. If)-.1 +F .045(enabled, readline does not)2.545 F 1.394(insert characters from \ +the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 384 R +1.395(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 396 Q (ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F1 -(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 516 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 528 R F1(On) +(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 408 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 420 R F1(On) 3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346 (st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F F2(stat)3.346 E F0 .846 (\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B -(when listing possible completions.)144 540 Q F1 -(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 556.8 Q F0 .05 -(Readline implements a f)108 568.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ -he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .096 -(which allo)108 580.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 +(when listing possible completions.)144 432 Q F1 +(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 448.8 Q F0 .05 +(Readline implements a f)108 460.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ +he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .097 +(which allo)108 472.8 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 (indings and v).15 F .096 -(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .097 -(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 592.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 609.6 Q F0(The)24.89 E F1($if)2.963 E -F0 .463(construct allo)2.963 F .462(ws bindings to be made based on the\ - editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F .477 -(or the application using readline.)144 621.6 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477 +(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .096 +(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 484.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 501.6 Q F0(The)24.89 E F1($if)2.962 E +F0 .462(construct allo)2.962 F .463(ws bindings to be made based on the\ + editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F .478 +(or the application using readline.)144 513.6 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477 (xt of the test e)-.15 F .477 (xtends to the end of the line; no characters)-.15 F -(are required to isolate it.)144 633.6 Q F1(mode)144 650.4 Q F0(The) -12.67 E F1(mode=)3.712 E F0 1.212(form of the)3.712 F F1($if)3.711 E F0 +(are required to isolate it.)144 525.6 Q F1(mode)144 542.4 Q F0(The) +12.67 E F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the)3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0 (directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711(su).15 G 1.211 (sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F 3.065 -(mode. This)180 662.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)3.065 F +(mode. This)180 554.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)3.065 F F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565(command, for instance, to) -3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 674.4 R F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E +3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 566.4 R F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E (d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx)3.235 E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735 -(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F(out in emacs mode.)180 686.4 -Q F1(term)144 703.2 Q F0(The)15.46 E F1(term=)3.196 E F0 .696 -(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.196 F .996 -.15 -(ey b)-.1 H .697(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 715.2 R +(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F(out in emacs mode.)180 578.4 +Q F1(term)144 595.2 Q F0(The)15.46 E F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696 +(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 -.15 +(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 607.2 R .954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154 (sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1 -(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 727.2 Q F1(=)3.231 -E F0 .731(is tested ag)3.231 F .732(ainst the both full name of the ter\ -minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q -(2009 December 29)135.965 E(37)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 38 38 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(name before the \214rst)180 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad>2.5 E -F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sun)2.84 E F0 +(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 619.2 Q F1(=)3.232 +E F0 .732(is tested ag)3.232 F .732(ainst the both full name of the ter\ +minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180 +631.2 Q F1<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 (to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.5 E F0 -2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1(application)144 100.8 Q F0(The)180 -112.8 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 +2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1(application)144 648 Q F0(The)180 660 +Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 (construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 F .503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 -124.8 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 -(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .501(particular v) -180 136.8 R 3.001(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3.001 F -.801 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .5(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F -.396(ci\214c program.)180 148.8 R -.15(Fo)5.396 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 +672 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 +(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .5(particular v)180 +684 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .501(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397 +(ci\214c program.)180 696 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 (nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .397(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 160.8 -Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord in Bash:)-.1 E F1($if)180 184.8 Q F0(Bash)2.5 E 2.5 -(#Q)180 196.8 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E -("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 208.8 Q F1($endif)180 220.8 Q($endif) -108 237.6 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)9.33 E(vious e)-.25 E +(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 708 Q +(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(38)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 39 39 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($if)180 84 Q F0(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 96 S +(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E +("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 108 Q F1($endif)180 120 Q($endif)108 +136.8 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)9.33 E(vious e)-.25 E (xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1($else) -108 254.4 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)15.45 E F1($if)2.5 E F0 +108 153.6 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)15.45 E F1($if)2.5 E F0 (directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 271.2 Q F0 .357 -(This directi)144 283.2 R .657 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .357 -(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .356 +(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 170.4 Q F0 .356 +(This directi)144 182.4 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 +(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357 (gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) -144 295.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 --.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F2(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1 -($include)144 319.2 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 336 Q -(ching)-.18 E F0 .834(Readline pro)108 348 R .834 +144 194.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 +-.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/inputr)2.5 +E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1($include)144 218.4 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 +E F1(Sear)87 235.2 Q(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 247.2 R .835 (vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.335 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.085 E -.835(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 360 Q +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.334 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.084 E +.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 259.2 Q (There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E (emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.5 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 -E .698(Incremental searches be)108 376.8 R .698 +E .697(Incremental searches be)108 276 R .697 (gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F -.697(As each character of the)5.697 F .112 -(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 388.8 R .112 +.698(As each character of the)5.698 F .113 +(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 288 R .112 (xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 -E 5.113(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.113 E .542 -(incremental search requires only as man)108 400.8 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G -.542(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F -5.541(.T)-.65 G .541(he char)-5.541 F(-)-.2 E .224 -(acters present in the v)108 412.8 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear) -2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 +E 5.112(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.112 E .542 +(incremental search requires only as man)108 300 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542 +(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F 5.542 +(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224(acters present in the v) +108 312 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear)2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E +F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 (riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66 -(If that v)108 424.8 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 +(If that v)108 324 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 (alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25 -F .096(mental search.)108 436.8 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ -tal search and restore the original line.)5.096 F .097 -(When the search is)5.097 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ -e search string becomes the current line.)108 448.8 Q 2.939 -.8(To \214) -108 465.6 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type C\ -ontrol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.338(This will)6.338 F .674 -(search backw)108 477.6 R .674(ard or forw)-.1 F .674 -(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .675 -(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.675 -(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.675 G .175(other k)108 489.6 R .475 -.15(ey s)-.1 -H .174 +F .097(mental search.)108 336 R .096(Control-G will abort an incrementa\ +l search and restore the original line.)5.097 F .096(When the search is) +5.096 F(terminated, the history entry containing the search string beco\ +mes the current line.)108 348 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214)108 364.8 T 1.339(nd \ +other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or Control-R\ + as appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675(search backw)108 +376.8 R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F +.674(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E +5.674(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 388.8 R .474 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .174 (equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .174(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.174 G(r).15 E -.54(instance, a)108 501.6 R F2(ne)3.04 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 -(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.04 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .541(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 -513.6 Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 -530.4 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653 -(ontrol-Rs are typed without an)-3.153 F 3.152(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.152 E -(en-)-.15 E(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 542.4 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E +.541(instance, a)108 400.8 R F2(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 +(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.041 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 412.8 +Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 429.6 +R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an) +-3.153 F 3.153(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.153 E(en-)-.15 E +(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 441.6 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G (earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) -2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\ -re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 559.2 R(The searc\ +re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 458.4 R(The searc\ h string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the cur\ -rent line.)108 571.2 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 588 Q F0 1.392 -(The follo)108 600 R 1.391 +rent line.)108 470.4 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 487.2 Q F0 1.391 +(The follo)108 499.2 R 1.391 (wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 (ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F -3.891(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.891 E 2.621(bound. Command)108 612 R .121 -(names without an accompan)2.621 F .121(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 -H .122(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.622(ault. In)-.1 F .122 -(the follo)2.622 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 624 Q F2(point)3.411 E -F0 .911(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.411 F F2(mark)3.411 -E F0 .91(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.41(db) -.15 G 3.41(yt)-3.41 G(he)-3.41 E F1(set\255mark)108 636 Q F0 2.5 +3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 511.2 R .122 +(names without an accompan)2.622 F .122(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 +H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121 +(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 523.2 Q F2(point)3.41 E +F0 .91(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F2(mark)3.411 E +F0 .911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db) +.15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F1(set\255mark)108 535.2 Q F0 2.5 (command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E (xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re) -2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 652.8 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 -E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 664.8 Q F0(Mo)144 676.8 Q .3 --.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1 -(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 688.8 Q F0(Mo)144 700.8 Q .3 -.15 -(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 -Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(38)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 39 39 +2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 552 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 E +(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 564 Q F0(Mo)144 576 Q .3 -.15 +(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1 +(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 588 Q F0(Mo)144 600 Q .3 -.15(ve t) +-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)108 612 S +(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 624 Q .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) +.15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 +636 Q F0(Mo)144 648 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E +F1 -.25(fo)108 660 S(rward\255w).25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 672 +Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F +.523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)-.1 F .522 +(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F +(ters and digits\).)144 684 Q F1(backward\255w)108 696 Q(ord \(M\255b\)) +-.1 E F0(Mo)144 708 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 +(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 +(ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F +(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 720 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(39)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 40 40 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.25(fo)108 84 S(rward\255char \(C\255f\)) -.25 E F0(Mo)144 96 Q .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E(ard a character)-.1 E -(.)-.55 E F1(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 108 Q F0(Mo)144 120 Q .3 --.15(ve b)-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)108 132 S -(rward\255w).25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 144 Q .822 -.15(ve f) --.15 H(orw).15 E .522(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F -3.023(ord. W)-.1 F .523 -(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F -(ters and digits\).)144 156 Q F1(backward\255w)108 168 Q(ord \(M\255b\)) --.1 E F0(Mo)144 180 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 -(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 -(ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F -(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 192 Q F1(shell\255f)108 204 Q -(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 216 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) -.15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984(ord. W) --.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-)-.8 F -(ters.)144 228 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 240 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 -252 Q .909 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre) -.15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .608 -(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 264 Q -F1(clear\255scr)108 276 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 -(Clear the screen lea)144 288 R .993 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(shell\255f)108 84 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord) +-.1 E F0(Mo)144 96 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .484 +(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984(ord. W)-.1 F .484 +(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-)-.8 F(ters.)144 108 +Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 120 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 132 Q .908 +-.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F .609 +(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .609 +(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 144 Q +F1(clear\255scr)108 156 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 +(Clear the screen lea)144 168 R .993 (ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.993 G .993(th an ar).4 F .993(gument, refresh the)-.18 F -(current line without clearing the screen.)144 300 Q F1 -.18(re)108 312 +(current line without clearing the screen.)144 180 Q F1 -.18(re)108 192 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0(Refresh the current line.)144 -324 Q F1(Commands f)87 340.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E -(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 352.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .159 -(Accept the line re)144 364.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .159 +204 Q F1(Commands f)87 220.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E +(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 232.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .158 +(Accept the line re)144 244.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .158 (rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158(If this line is non-empty) -5.158 F 2.658(,a)-.65 G .158(dd it to the history list)-2.658 F .699 -(according to the state of the)144 376.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +5.158 F 2.659(,a)-.65 G .159(dd it to the history list)-2.659 F .699 +(according to the state of the)144 256.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va)2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F .699(the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F -(restore the history line to its original state.)144 388.8 Q F1(pr)108 -400.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 -(Fetch the pre)144 412.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 -E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 424.8 -Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 436.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 +(restore the history line to its original state.)144 268.8 Q F1(pr)108 +280.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 +(Fetch the pre)144 292.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 +E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 304.8 +Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 316.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1 -(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 448.8 Q F0(Mo)144 460.8 Q .3 +(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 328.8 Q F0(Mo)144 340.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he \214rst line in the history)-2.5 E(.) --.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 472.8 Q F0(Mo)144 484.8 Q +-.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 352.8 Q F0(Mo)144 364.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5 (,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18 -(re v)108 496.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 -1.471(Search backw)144 508.8 R 1.471 -(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.47 +(re v)108 376.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 +1.47(Search backw)144 388.8 R 1.471 +(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.471 (ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E -(This is an incremental search.)144 520.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 532.8 S -(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.131 -(Search forw)144 544.8 R 1.131(ard starting at the current line and mo) --.1 F 1.132(ving `do)-.15 F 1.132(wn' through the history as necessary) --.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 556.8 Q F1 -(non\255incr)108 568.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H -(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .165(Search backw) -144 580.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\ -sing a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 592.8 S -(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 604.8 Q +(This is an incremental search.)144 400.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 412.8 S +(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.132 +(Search forw)144 424.8 R 1.132(ard starting at the current line and mo) +-.1 F 1.131(ving `do)-.15 F 1.131(wn' through the history as necessary) +-.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 436.8 Q F1 +(non\255incr)108 448.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H +(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .164(Search backw) +144 460.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\ +sing a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 472.8 S +(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 484.8 Q (emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear)-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 -E F0 1.353(Search forw)144 616.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ +E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 496.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 -628.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 640.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward) --.25 E F0 .249(Search forw)144 652.8 R .249(ard through the history for\ +508.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 520.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward) +-.25 E F0 .248(Search forw)144 532.8 R .249(ard through the history for\ the string of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F -(and the point.)144 664.8 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1 -(history\255sear)108 676.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw) -144 688.8 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters b\ -etween the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 700.8 Q -(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q -(2009 December 29)135.965 E(39)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 40 40 +(and the point.)144 544.8 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1 +(history\255sear)108 556.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw) +144 568.8 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters b\ +etween the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 580.8 Q +(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 592.8 Q +2.5(g\()-.1 G<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 +604.8 R .622(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622 +(vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F +.622(vious line\))-.25 F .795(at point.)144 616.8 R -.4(Wi)5.795 G .794 +(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.294 E F0 3.294 +(,i).24 G .794(nsert the)-3.294 F F3(n)3.294 E F0 .794(th w)B .794 +(ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .794 +(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 628.8 Q .291(vious command be)-.25 F .291 +(gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) +-2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291 +(ument inserts the).18 F F3(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .292 +(ord from the end of)-.1 F .282(the pre)144 640.8 R .282(vious command.) +-.25 F .282(Once the ar)5.282 F(gument)-.18 E F3(n)2.781 E F0 .281 +(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .281 +(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F3(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 652.8 Q +(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 664.8 Q +2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.307 +(Insert the last ar)144 676.8 R 1.307(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 +(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.308(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.308 +(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 688.8 S .204(th a numeric ar) +.4 F .204(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F +(e)-.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.203(.S)C(uccessi) +-5.203 E .503 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .203(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar) +2.703 E(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 700.8 Q .806 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 +(ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507 +(ord \(or the w)-.1 F .507(ord speci\214ed by the ar)-.1 F(gument)-.18 E +1.397(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 712.8 R(An)6.396 E +3.896(yn)-.15 G 1.396(umeric ar)-3.896 F 1.396 +(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F 1.696 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls) +.15 E .491(determines the direction to mo)144 724.8 R .791 -.15(ve t) +-.15 H .491(hrough the history).15 F 5.492(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .792 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .492 +(ument switches the direction).18 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(40)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 41 41 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(yank\255nth\255ar)108 84 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G -<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 96 R .622 -(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622(vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 -F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .794(at point.)144 -108 R -.4(Wi)5.794 G .794(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.294 E F0 3.294(,i).24 G .794(nsert the)-3.294 F -F2(n)3.294 E F0 .794(th w)B .794(ord from the pre)-.1 F .794 -(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .795(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 120 Q .292 -(vious command be)-.25 F .292(gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F -2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H --.18(rg).15 G .291(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B -.291(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 132 R .281 -(vious command.)-.25 F .281(Once the ar)5.281 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 -E F0 .281(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .282 -(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 144 Q -(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 156 Q -2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.308 -(Insert the last ar)144 168 R 1.308(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 -(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.307(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.307 -(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 180 S .735(th an ar).4 F .735 -(gument, beha)-.18 F 1.035 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .735(actly lik).15 F(e)-.1 E -F1(yank\255nth\255ar)3.235 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.736(.S)C(uccessi)-5.736 E -1.036 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .736(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)3.236 E -(g)-.1 E F0(mo)3.236 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .728 -(back through the history list, inserting the last ar)144 192 R .728 -(gument of each line in turn.)-.18 F .728(The history e)5.728 F(xpan-) --.15 E .14(sion f)144 204 R .14(acilities are used to e)-.1 F .14 -(xtract the last ar)-.15 F .14(gument, as if the "!$" history e)-.18 F -.14(xpansion had been speci-)-.15 F(\214ed.)144 216 Q F1 -(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 228 Q F0 .623 -(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 240 R .622 -(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .622 -(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 252 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 -(xpansions. See)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 +-.35 E .494(through the history \(back or forw)144 84 R 2.994 +(ard\). The)-.1 F .494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494 +(acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F(ar)144 96 Q +(gument, as if the "!$" history e)-.18 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) +-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 +108 Q F0 .622(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 120 R .622 +(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .623 +(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 132 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 +(xpansions. See)-.15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 (YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G (or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 264 Q F0 .938 -(Perform history e)144 276 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F -(See)5.939 E F3(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.439(wf)-.25 G .939(or a descrip-) --3.439 F(tion of history e)144 288 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) -108 300 Q F0 1.627(Perform history e)144 312 R 1.627 -(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.626 E F3 -(HIST)4.126 E(OR)-.162 E 3.876(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.876 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 -(belo)144 324 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E -(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 336 Q F0 .394 -(Perform alias e)144 348 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F -(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 360 Q F1 -(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 372 Q F0 -(Perform history and alias e)144 384 Q(xpansion on the current line.) --.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 396 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) -.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 408 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) +(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 144 Q F0 .939 +(Perform history e)144 156 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(See)5.939 E F2(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.438(wf)-.25 G .938(or a descrip-) +-3.438 F(tion of history e)144 168 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) +108 180 Q F0 1.626(Perform history e)144 192 R 1.626 +(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.627 E F2 +(HIST)4.127 E(OR)-.162 E 3.877(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.877 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 +(belo)144 204 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E +(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 216 Q F0 .395 +(Perform alias e)144 228 R .395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(See)5.395 E F2(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .694 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +.394(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 240 Q F1 +(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 252 Q F0 +(Perform history and alias e)144 264 Q(xpansion on the current line.) +-.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 276 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) +.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 288 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) -.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 420 Q F0 .948 -(Accept the current line for e)144 432 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 -(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.247 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H 3.447(ot).15 G .947(he current line from the)-3.447 F -(history for editing.)144 444 Q(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 300 Q F0 .947 +(Accept the current line for e)144 312 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 +(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.248 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H 3.448(ot).15 G .948(he current line from the)-3.448 F +(history for editing.)144 324 Q(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G (ument is ignored.).18 E F1 -(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255xC\255e\))108 456 Q F0(In)144 -468 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026 +(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255xC\255e\))108 336 Q F0(In)144 +348 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026 (ditor on the current command line, and e)-3.526 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.026 (cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)6.026 E F0 -(attempts to in)144 480 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3($VISU)2.6 E(AL) --.54 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F4(,)A F0 -(and)2.25 E F2(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt) --2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 496.8 Q(or Changing T) --.25 E(ext)-.92 E(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 508.8 Q F0 .358 -(Delete the character at point.)144 520.8 R .358(If point is at the be) -5.358 F .358(ginning of the line, there are no characters in the)-.15 F -(line, and the last character typed w)144 532.8 Q(as not bound to)-.1 E -F1(delete\255char)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(hen return)-2.5 E F3(EOF)2.5 E F4(.) -A F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))108 544.8 Q F0 .552 -(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 556.8 R 5.553(.W)-.55 G .553 +(attempts to in)144 360 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2($VISU)2.6 E(AL) +-.54 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F3(,)A F0 +(and)2.25 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E +2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 +376.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 +388.8 Q F0 .357(Delete the character at point.)144 400.8 R .358 +(If point is at the be)5.358 F .358 +(ginning of the line, there are no characters in the)-.15 F +(line, and the last character typed w)144 412.8 Q(as not bound to)-.1 E +F1(delete\255char)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(hen return)-2.5 E F2(EOF)2.5 E F3(.) +A F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))108 424.8 Q F0 .553 +(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 436.8 R 5.553(.W)-.55 G .553 (hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553(umeric ar)-3.053 F -.553(gument, sa)-.18 F .853 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .553(he deleted te).15 F -.553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 568.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 580.8 S -(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .474 -(Delete the character under the cursor)144 592.8 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474 -(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.974 F -(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 604.8 Q F1 -(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 616.8 Q F0 .778(Add the ne)144 -628.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 +.552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552(he deleted te).15 F +.552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 448.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 460.8 S +(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 +(Delete the character under the cursor)144 472.8 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 +(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F +(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 484.8 Q F1 +(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 496.8 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 +508.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 (erbatim. This)-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 -G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.279 E F0 3.279 -(,f)C(or)-3.279 E -.15(ex)144 640.8 S(ample.).15 E F1 -(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 652.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 -(Insert a tab character)144 664.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 676.8 Q F0 -(Insert the character typed.)144 688.8 Q F1 -(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 700.8 Q F0 .322 -(Drag the character before point forw)144 712.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .321 -(ving point forw)-.15 F .321(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 +G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278 +(,f)C(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 520.8 S(ample.).15 E F1 +(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 532.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 +(Insert a tab character)144 544.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 +(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 556.8 Q F0 +(Insert the character typed.)144 568.8 Q F1 +(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 580.8 Q F0 .321 +(Drag the character before point forw)144 592.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322 +(ving point forw)-.15 F .322(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 (If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 -724.8 R 3.683(oc)-.1 G 1.183(haracters before point.)-3.683 F(Ne)6.183 E --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q -(2009 December 29)135.965 E(40)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 41 41 +604.8 R 3.682(oc)-.1 G 1.182(haracters before point.)-3.682 F(Ne)6.182 E +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 616.8 Q(guments ha)-.18 E +.3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 +(transpose\255w)108 628.8 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 +640.8 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) +-.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w) +-2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F +(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 652.8 Q 2.5 +(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 664.8 Q +(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 +676.8 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698 +(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 688.8 S(rd, b).1 +E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 700.8 Q +(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 712.8 Q 1.647 +(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147 +(ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15 +(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre) +-.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 724.8 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 +-.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28) +135.965 E(41)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 42 42 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(ar)144 84 Q(guments ha)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G --.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(transpose\255w)108 96 Q -(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .024(Drag the w)144 108 R .024 -(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo)-.1 F .023 -(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.523(rt).15 G .023(hat w)-2.523 F -.023(ord as well.)-.1 F .023(If point)5.023 F -(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 120 Q 2.5 -(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 132 Q -(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.698(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 144 -R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E 1.999 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.699 -(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 156 S(rd, b).1 E -(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 168 Q -(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 180 Q 1.648 -(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.648(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.148 -(ord. W)-.1 F 1.647(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.947 -.15 -(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.647(ument, lo).18 F 1.647(wercase the pre) --.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 192 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 --.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 204 Q -(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.974(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 216 -R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.975 -(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 228 S(rd, b).1 -E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 240 -S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 252 S .438(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.438 G .438(th an e).4 F .438 -(xplicit positi)-.15 F .737 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .437(umeric ar).15 F .437 -(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)144 264 S .78(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 -.15 -(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781(gument, switches to insert mode.) --.18 F .781(This command af)5.781 F(fects)-.25 E(only)144 276 Q F1 -(emacs)4.395 E F0(mode;)4.395 E F1(vi)4.395 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.395 -F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G -1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.394 G -(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.894(starts in insert)4.394 F 3.968(mode. In)144 -288 R -.15(ove)3.968 G 1.468(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1 -(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 1.469(replace the te)3.969 F 1.469 -(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .958(pushing the te)144 300 R .958 -(xt to the right.)-.15 F .957(Characters bound to)5.958 F F1 -(backward\255delete\255char)3.457 E F0 .957(replace the character)3.457 -F(before point with a space.)144 312 Q(By def)5 E -(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 328.8 Q -(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 340.8 Q F0(Kill the te)144 -352.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 364.8 Q F0(Kill backw) -144 376.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 388.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 400.8 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(capitalize\255w)108 84 Q(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 +E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 96 R 1.974(wing\) w) +-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E +2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974(ument, capitalize the pre).18 +F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 108 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15 +(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 120 S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8 +(To)144 132 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F +-.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437(xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15 +(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)144 144 S .781(th an e).4 F +.781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 +F .781(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 +F(fects)-.25 E(only)144 156 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) +4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 +F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895 +(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969(mode. In)144 168 R -.15(ove)3.969 G +1.469(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E +F0 1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F +.957(pushing the te)144 180 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 +(Characters bound to)5.957 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0 +.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 192 Q +(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 +208.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 220.8 Q F0 +(Kill the te)144 232.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 244.8 Q F0(Kill backw) +144 256.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 268.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 280.8 Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E (The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) --2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 412.8 Q F0 +-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 292.8 Q F0 (Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 -424.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 436.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 448.8 R .729 -(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 -(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 460.8 S +304.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 316.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 328.8 R .728 +(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 +(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 340.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G -(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 472.8 Q -(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 484.8 Q(ord behind point.) +(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 352.8 Q +(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 364.8 Q(ord behind point.) -.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 496.8 Q -(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 508.8 R .728 -(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 -(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 520.8 S +(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 376.8 Q +(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 388.8 R .729 +(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 +(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 400.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E (orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w) -108 532.8 Q(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 544.8 R +108 412.8 Q(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 424.8 R 3.025(ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-) -5.525 E(ward\255w)144 556.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 568.8 Q -(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .365(Kill the w)144 580.8 R .365 -(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .364(ord boundary)-.1 -F 5.364(.T)-.65 G .364(he killed te)-5.364 F .364(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 2.864(do).15 G 2.864(nt)-2.864 G(he)-2.864 E(kill-ring.)144 -592.8 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 604.8 Q F0 .166(Kill the w) -144 616.8 R .166 +5.525 E(ward\255w)144 436.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 448.8 Q +(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 460.8 R .364 +(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1 +F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 +(ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144 +472.8 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 484.8 Q F0 .167(Kill the w) +144 496.8 R .166 (ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w) --.1 F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 628.8 Q +-.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 508.8 Q (xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) --2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 640.8 Q F0 -(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 652.8 Q F1(kill\255r)108 -664.8 Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 676.8 Q(xt in the current re) --.15 E(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 688.8 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E -F0(Cop)144 700.8 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E -(gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 -768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(41)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 42 42 +-2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 520.8 Q F0 +(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 532.8 Q F1(kill\255r)108 +544.8 Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 556.8 Q(xt in the current re) +-.15 E(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 568.8 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E +F0(Cop)144 580.8 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E +(gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 +(copy\255backward\255w)108 592.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 604.8 Q 4.8(yt) +-.1 G 2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E +(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301 +(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 +616.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 628.8 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E +(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 640.8 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008 +(ord follo)-.1 F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 +E 7.007(.T)-.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007 +(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G +(ward\255w)144 652.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(yank \(C\255y\))108 664.8 Q +F0 -1(Ya)144 676.8 S(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E +(fer at point.)-.25 E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 688.8 Q F0 +(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 700.8 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 +(op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E +F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(42)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 43 43 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(copy\255backward\255w)108 84 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 -(Cop)144 96 Q 4.801(yt)-.1 G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301 -(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 -G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-) -4.8 E(ward\255w)144 108 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 120 Q -(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 132 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007 -(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo)-.1 F 2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25 -F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.008(.T)-.55 G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008 -(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G -(ward\255w)144 144 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(yank \(C\255y\))108 156 Q F0 -1 -(Ya)144 168 S(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E -(fer at point.)-.25 E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 180 Q F0 -(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 192 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 -(op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E -F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 208.8 Q -(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 220.8 Q -(gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .642 -(Add this digit to the ar)144 232.8 R .641 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Numeric Ar)87 84 Q(guments)-.1 E +(digit\255ar)108 96 Q(gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 +.641(Add this digit to the ar)144 108 R .641 (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 3.141(wa)-.25 G -.18 -(rg)-3.141 G 3.141(ument. M\255\255).18 F .641(starts a ne)3.141 F(g-) --.15 E(ati)144 244.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(ument.).18 E F1 -(uni)108 256.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .778 -(This is another w)144 268.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279 -(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779 +(rg)-3.141 G 3.142(ument. M\255\255).18 F .642(starts a ne)3.142 F(g-) +-.15 E(ati)144 120 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(ument.).18 E F1 +(uni)108 132 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .779 +(This is another w)144 144 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279 +(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778 (wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 (optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 -280.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 -292.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) +156 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 +168 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) 3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 (ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) --.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 304.8 R .898 -(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898 +-.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 180 R .898 +(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898 (wed by a character that is)-.25 F .243 -(neither a digit or minus sign, the ar)144 316.8 R .243 +(neither a digit or minus sign, the ar)144 192 R .243 (gument count for the ne)-.18 F .243(xt command is multiplied by four) --.15 F 5.243(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.243 E(ar)144 328.8 Q .378 +-.15 F 5.242(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.242 E(ar)144 204 Q .378 (gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .378 (cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .378(es the ar)-.1 F -.378(gument count)-.18 F(four)144 340.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak) +.378(gument count)-.18 F(four)144 216 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak) -2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1 -(Completing)87 357.6 Q(complete \(T)108 369.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 -(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 381.6 R 1.137 +(Completing)87 232.8 Q(complete \(T)108 244.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 +(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 256.8 R 1.137 (xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 -(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 393.6 Q .533(xt as a v) --.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) --.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F -.532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) -144 405.6 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701 -(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702 +(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 268.8 Q .532(xt as a v) +-.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) +-.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F +.533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) +144 280.8 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 +(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701 (If none of these pro-)5.701 F -(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 417.6 Q F1 -(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 429.6 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 441.6 Q(xt before point.) --.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 453.6 Q F0 .783 -(Insert all completions of the te)144 465.6 R .783 +(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 292.8 Q F1 +(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 304.8 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 316.8 Q(xt before point.) +-.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 328.8 Q F0 .783 +(Insert all completions of the te)144 340.8 R .783 (xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H -.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144 -477.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 489.6 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144 -501.6 R F1(complete)3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628 +.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 +352.8 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 364.8 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 +376.8 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F -1.194(possible completions.)144 513.6 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193 -(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .828 -(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 525.6 R .828 +1.193(possible completions.)144 388.8 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194 +(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829 +(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 400.8 R .828 (At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 -(\(subject to the setting of)144 537.6 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 +(\(subject to the setting of)144 412.8 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 -E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.227 E F0 1.73 -(positions forw)144 549.6 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F +E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73 +(positions forw)144 424.8 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73 (ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 -E(through the list.)144 561.6 Q(This command is intended to be bound to) +E(through the list.)144 436.8 Q(This command is intended to be bound to) 5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E -(ault.)-.1 E F1(menu\255complete-)108 573.6 Q(w)10 I(k)-7.22 -10 M(c) --5.56 -10 M(rd)2.78 10 M F0 .82(Identical to)144 585.6 R F1 -(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82 +(ault.)-.1 E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 448.8 Q F0 .82 +(Identical to)144 460.8 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82 +(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82 (ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F1 -(menu\255complete)144 597.6 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(menu\255complete)144 472.8 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (nan).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg) .15 G 2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E -F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 609.6 Q F0 .234 -(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 621.6 R +F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 484.8 Q F0 .234 +(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 496.8 R .234(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char) -2.735 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 633.6 R -.15 +2.734 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 508.8 R -.15 (ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1 (possible\255completions)2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425 -(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 645.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 657.6 Q F0 -(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 669.6 Q(xt before point.) --.15 E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 681.6 Q -F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 693.6 Q +(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 520.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 +(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 532.8 Q F0 +(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 544.8 Q(xt before point.) +-.15 E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 556.8 Q +F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 568.8 Q (xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255user)108 705.6 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 717.6 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 -Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(42)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 43 43 +(complete\255user)108 580.8 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 592.8 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user) +108 604.8 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 616.8 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108 +628.8 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 +640.8 Q(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E +F1(possible\255v)108 652.8 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E +F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 664.8 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 +(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 676.8 Q F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 688.8 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 +(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 700.8 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 712.8 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 +Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(43)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 44 44 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(possible\255user)108 84 Q -(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 96 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108 -108 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 120 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(possible\255v)108 132 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 144 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 156 Q F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 168 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 180 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 192 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 204 Q F0 .58 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 216 R .581 -(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .581 -(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 228 R +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 84 Q F0 +.581(Attempt completion on the te)144 96 R .581 +(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58 +(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 108 R .715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F .715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F -(\214nally e)144 240 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(\214nally e)144 120 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 252 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 264 Q +(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 132 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 144 Q (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 -(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 276 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 288 R .425 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .425 +(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 156 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 168 R .425 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424 (ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F -(for possible completion matches.)144 300 Q F1(dab)108 312 Q(br)-.1 E --.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .611 -(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 324 R .611 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .61(xt ag)-.15 F .61 +(for possible completion matches.)144 180 Q F1(dab)108 192 Q(br)-.1 E +-.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61 +(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 204 R .611 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611 (ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F -(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 336 Q F1 -(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 348 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ +(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 216 Q F1 +(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 228 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ me completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed with\ -in braces so)144 360 R(the list is a)144 372 Q -.25(va)-.2 G +in braces so)144 240 R(the list is a)144 252 Q -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 388.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 -E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 400.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) -.833 E F0(Be)144 412.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 268.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 +E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 280.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) +.833 E F0(Be)144 292.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 424.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G -(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 436.8 Q +(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 304.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G +(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 316.8 Q (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 -(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 448.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 -E F0(Re-e)144 460.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 -G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro app\ -ear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 472.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1 -(Miscellaneous)87 489.6 Q -.18(re)108 501.6 S<ad72>.18 E -(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.776 -(Read in the contents of the)144 513.6 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) -4.276 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.777(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.277(yb) --.15 G 1.777(indings or v)-4.277 F 1.777(ariable assignments)-.25 F -(found there.)144 525.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 537.6 Q F0 3.249 -(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 549.6 R -5.748(sb)-.55 G 3.248(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.748 F F1 -(bell\255style)144 561.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 573.6 Q +(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 328.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 +E F0(Re-e)144 340.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) +-.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\ + appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 352.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 +E F1(Miscellaneous)87 369.6 Q -.18(re)108 381.6 S<ad72>.18 E +(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777 +(Read in the contents of the)144 393.6 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) +4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb) +-.15 G 1.776(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F +(found there.)144 405.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 417.6 Q F0 3.248 +(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 429.6 R +5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1 +(bell\255style)144 441.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 453.6 Q (case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255a, M\255b, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.) -C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.755(If the meta\214ed character)144 585.6 R F2(x) -4.255 E F0 1.755(is lo)4.255 F 1.756 +C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.756(If the meta\214ed character)144 465.6 R F2(x) +4.256 E F0 1.755(is lo)4.256 F 1.755 (wercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)-.25 F -(uppercase character)144 597.6 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 609.6 Q -(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 621.6 Q +(uppercase character)144 477.6 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 489.6 Q +(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 501.6 Q (xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0 (is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 633.6 Q F0 -(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 645.6 Q F1 --2.29 -.18(re v)108 657.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095 -(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 669.6 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095 +(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 513.6 Q F0 +(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 525.6 Q F1 +-2.29 -.18(re v)108 537.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095 +(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 549.6 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095 F 3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F -(return the line to its initial state.)144 681.6 Q F1 -(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 693.6 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 705.6 Q -(xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q -(2009 December 29)135.965 E(43)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 44 44 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 84 -Q F0(Set the mark to the point.)144 96 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E +(return the line to its initial state.)144 561.6 Q F1 +(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 573.6 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 585.6 Q +(xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1 +(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 597.6 Q F0 +(Set the mark to the point.)144 609.6 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E (gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1 -(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 108 Q F0(Sw)144 -120 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 +(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 621.6 Q F0(Sw) +144 633.6 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 (The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -2.783(dp).15 G .283(osition, and the old)-2.783 F(cursor position is sa) -144 132 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 -(character\255sear)108 144 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144 156 S -.536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) -.15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 -(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.535(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .835 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) -144 168 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 180 Q -(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 192 S 1.043 -(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.543 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G +2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa) +144 645.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 +(character\255sear)108 657.6 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 +669.6 S .535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.035(dt).15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 +(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) +144 681.6 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 693.6 Q +(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 705.6 S 1.044 +(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G 3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 -(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.044(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E +(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 204 Q F1 -(skip\255csi\255sequence \(\))108 216 Q F0 1.827 -(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 228 R 2.126 -.15(ey s) --.1 H 1.826(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -4.326(sl).15 G(ik)-4.326 E(e)-.1 E .79(Home and End.)144 240 R .791 -(Such sequences be)5.79 F .791 +(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 717.6 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 +768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(44)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 45 45 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 84 Q F0 1.826 +(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 96 R 2.126 -.15(ey s) +-.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G +4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 108 R .791 +(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791 (gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F -.332(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 252 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 -(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .631 -.15(ve n) --.2 H 2.831(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.831 G .331(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-) +.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 120 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 +(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15(ve n) +-.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-) -.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stra\ -y characters into the editing b)144 264 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T) --.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 276 Q(ault, b)-.1 E +y characters into the editing b)144 132 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T) +-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 144 Q(ault, b)-.1 E (ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 -288 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 300 S .481(thout a numeric ar).4 F .481 -(gument, the v)-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1 -(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .48 -(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 312 Q .097 -(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .098(If a numeric ar)5.097 F .098 -(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle:)-.18 F(if)5.098 E -.322(the characters at the be)144 324 R .321 +156 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 168 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v) +-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 +-.25(va)2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 180 Q .098 +(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .098(If a numeric ar)5.098 F .097 +(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle:)-.18 F(if)5.097 E +.321(the characters at the be)144 192 R .321 (ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.821(,t)C .321(he v)-2.821 F .321(alue is) --.25 F .831(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 336 R F1 -(comment\255begin)3.331 E F0 .832(are deleted from the be)3.331 F .832 -(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.469 -(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 348 R 1.468 -(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.468(The def)6.468 F 1.468(ault v)-.1 F -1.468(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.968 E(ment\255begin)144 360 Q F0 .839 -(causes this command to mak)3.339 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 -(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .84(If a numeric ar)5.84 F -(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 372 Q -.15 +(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is) +-.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 204 R F1 +(comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831 +(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468 +(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 216 R 1.468 +(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F +1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 228 Q F0 .84 +(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 +(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F +(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 240 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 384 Q -(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144 396 R .791 -(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .791 -(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 408 +(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 252 Q +(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 264 R .791 +(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .792 +(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 276 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214le names for possi\ -ble completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 420 Q -(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .371(The w)144 432 R .372 -(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .372 +ble completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 288 Q +(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .372(The w)144 300 R .372 +(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .371 (xpansion, and the list of matching \214le)-.15 F .516 -(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 444 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 +(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 312 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 (an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e) -144 456 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) -108 468 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 480 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F +144 324 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) +108 336 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 348 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F .923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1 (glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F -.872(the line is redra)144 492 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G +.872(the line is redra)144 360 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G .872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15 -(ex)144 504 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 516 Q F0 .626 -(Print all of the functions and their k)144 528 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H -.627(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .627(If a numeric ar) -5.627 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 540 Q +(ex)144 372 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 384 Q F0 .627 +(Print all of the functions and their k)144 396 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H +.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar) +5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E +(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 408 Q (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) -2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 552 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 -1.8(Print all of the settable readline v)144 564 R 1.799 -(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.799(alues to the readline output stream.) --.25 F 1.799(If a)6.799 F .304(numeric ar)144 576 R .304 +2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 420 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 +1.799(Print all of the settable readline v)144 432 R 1.799 +(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.8(alues to the readline output stream.) +-.25 F 1.8(If a)6.8 F .305(numeric ar)144 444 R .304 (gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .304 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 588 Q(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 600 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .593 -(Print all of the readline k)144 612 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 -(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.092(yo)-.15 G -3.092(utput. If)-3.092 F 3.092(an)3.092 G(umeric)-3.092 E(ar)144 624 Q +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 456 Q(c)-.37 E F0 +(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 468 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592 +(Print all of the readline k)144 480 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 +(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G +3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 492 Q .528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.028 E(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)144 636 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 648 Q -(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 660 Q +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0 +(\214le.)144 504 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 516 Q +(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 528 Q (ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 676.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .147(When w)108 -688.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 +F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 544.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 +556.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 (gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F -F2(compspec)108 700.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329 -(as been de\214ned using the)-3.828 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) +F2(compspec)108 568.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 +(as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829 -F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.329(w\), the) --.25 F(programmable completion f)108 712.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .498 -(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 729.6 R .498 -(If the command w)5.498 F .497 -(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 -768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(44)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 45 45 +F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the) +-.25 F(programmable completion f)108 580.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497 +(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 597.6 R .497 +(If the command w)5.497 F .498 +(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .234(the be)108 +609.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 +(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F1<ad45>2.733 E F0 .233(option to) +2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .233(If a comp-) +5.233 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ +used to generate the list of possible completions)108 621.6 R .823 +(for the w)108 633.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F +.822(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ +ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 645.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\ +r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\ +rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 657.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 +(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15 +G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F1<ad44>2.798 E F0(option to) +108 669.6 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E +.817(Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of\ + matching w)108 686.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817 +(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 698.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) +2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 +E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464 +(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 715.2 R +.463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F +.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 727.2 R .595 +(When the)5.595 F F1<ad66>3.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F1<ad64>3.095 E F0 .596 +(option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(45)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 46 46 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .233(the be)108 84 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F -2.733(yc)-.15 G .233(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad45>2.733 E F0 .233(option to)2.733 F F1(complete) -2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .234(If a comp-)5.234 F .481(spec has \ -been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is used to generate the l\ -ist of possible completions)108 96 R .822(for the w)108 108 R 3.322 -(ord. If)-.1 F .822(the command w)3.322 F .823(ord is a full pathname, \ -a compspec for the full pathname is searched for)-.1 F 2.867 -(\214rst. If)108 120 R .366(no compspec is found for the full pathname,\ - an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the portion)2.867 F(follo) -108 132 Q .421(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .422 -(If those searches to not result in a compspec, an)5.421 F 2.922(yc)-.15 -G .422(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.922 F F1<ad44>2.922 E F0(option to) -108 144 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E .817 -(Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of mat\ -ching w)108 160.8 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817 -(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 172.8 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) -2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 -E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .463 -(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 189.6 R -.464(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .464(ed by the w)-.15 F -.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 201.6 R .596 -(When the)5.596 F F1<ad66>3.096 E F0(or)3.095 E F1<ad64>3.095 E F0 .595 -(option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F -(shell v)108 213.6 Q(ariable)-.25 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)2.5 E -F0(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 230.4 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 -G 1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 -(xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F1<ad47>4.084 E F0 1.584 -(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 242.4 S -.555(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .554 -(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.554 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.054 E F0 .554 -(shell v)2.804 F(ari-)-.25 E -(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 254.4 Q(ut the)-.2 E F2 -(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 271.2 Q -.32(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F -F1<ad57>2.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321 -(The string is \214rst split using the)5.321 F .413(characters in the) -108 283.2 R F2(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412 +-.35 E(shell v)108 84 Q(ariable)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)2.5 +E F0(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 100.8 Q 4.084(yc) +-.15 G 1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 +(xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad47>4.084 E F0 +1.584(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 +112.8 S .554(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .555 +(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.055 E F0 .555 +(shell v)2.805 F(ari-)-.25 E +(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 124.8 Q(ut the)-.2 E F1 +(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 141.6 Q +.321(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 +F F2<ad57>2.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32 +(The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the)108 +153.6 R F1(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 (ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F -.412(Each w)5.412 F .412(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .091 -(using brace e)108 295.2 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .092 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.397(metic e)108 -307.2 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H -(nder).15 E F2(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 +.413(Each w)5.412 F .413(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092 +(using brace e)108 165.6 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108 +177.6 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H +(nder).15 E F1(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 -319.2 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209 -(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.209(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.209 F .209 -(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .21(ainst the w)-.05 F .21 -(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 331.2 Q -(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.238 -(After these matches ha)108 348 R 1.538 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.238 -(een generated, an).15 F 3.738(ys)-.15 G 1.237 -(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.738 F F1<ad46>3.737 E -F0(and)3.737 E F1<ad43>3.737 E F0 3.375(options is in)108 360 R -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375 +189.6 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21 +(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209 +(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209 +(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 201.6 Q +(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.237 +(After these matches ha)108 218.4 R 1.537 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.237 +(een generated, an).15 F 3.737(ys)-.15 G 1.238 +(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.737 F F2<ad46>3.738 E +F0(and)3.738 E F2<ad43>3.738 E F0 3.376(options is in)108 230.4 R -.2 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375 (the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.375 -(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_LINE)5.876 E F3(,)A F2(COMP_POINT)5.626 E F3(,)A F2 -(COMP_KEY)108 372 Q F3(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F2(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25 -(va)2.408 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 -(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .157 -(Shell V)2.657 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.157(.I)C(f)-5.157 E 3.485(as)108 -384 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.485 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G -.986(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F2 +(d, the).1 F F1(COMP_LINE)5.875 E F3(,)A F1(COMP_POINT)5.625 E F3(,)A F1 +(COMP_KEY)108 242.4 Q F3(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F1(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25 +(va)2.407 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 +(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 .158 +(Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108 +254.4 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +.986(d, the).1 F F1(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F1 (COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986 -(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.986 E .609 -(the function or command is in)108 396 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .608 +(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.985 E .608 +(the function or command is in)108 266.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .608 (d, the \214rst ar).1 F .608(gument is the name of the command whose ar) --.18 F .608(guments are)-.18 F .073(being completed, the second ar)108 -408 R .073(gument is the w)-.18 F .073 +-.18 F .609(guments are)-.18 F .073(being completed, the second ar)108 +278.4 R .073(gument is the w)-.18 F .073 (ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .073(gument is the w)-.18 F -.073(ord pre-)-.1 F .608(ceding the w)108 420 R .607 -(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .607 -(No \214ltering of the generated completions)5.607 F(ag)108 432 Q .093 +.072(ord pre-)-.1 F .607(ceding the w)108 290.4 R .607 +(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .608 +(No \214ltering of the generated completions)5.607 F(ag)108 302.4 Q .094 (ainst the w)-.05 F .093(ord being completed is performed; the function\ or command has complete freedom in generat-)-.1 F(ing the matches.)108 -444 Q(An)108 460.8 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with) --2.938 F F1<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +314.4 Q(An)108 331.2 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with) +-2.937 F F2<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437(function may use an)2.937 F -2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .437 -(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 472.8 Q F1(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.956 G .456(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956 -(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457 -(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F2(COMPREPL)108 -484.8 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E(Ne)108 501.6 Q .081 -(xt, an)-.15 F 2.581(yc)-.15 G .081(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.581 F -F1<ad43>2.581 E F0 .081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G -2.581(di).1 G 2.58(na)-2.581 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G -.4(nv)-2.58 G .08 -(ironment equi).4 F -.25(va)-.25 G .08(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.858 -(stitution. It)108 513.6 R .359(should print a list of completions, one\ - per line, to the standard output.)2.858 F .359(Backslash may be used) -5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 525.6 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E -.377(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 542.4 R -2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F1<ad58>2.876 -E F0 .376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 554.4 R -.681(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.181 F .681 -(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .682 -(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.182 F .682(xt of)-.15 F .523 -(the w)108 566.4 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.023(Al)5.523 G -(iteral)-3.023 E F1(&)3.023 E F0 .522 +2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .438 +(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 343.2 Q F2(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956 +(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 +(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F1(COMPREPL)108 +355.2 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E(Ne)108 372 Q .08 +(xt, an)-.15 F 2.58(yc)-.15 G .08(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F2 +<ad43>2.58 E F0 .081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581 +(di).1 G 2.581(na)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv)-2.581 G .081 +(ironment equi).4 F -.25(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859 +(stitution. It)108 384 R .359(should print a list of completions, one p\ +er line, to the standard output.)2.859 F .358(Backslash may be used) +5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 396 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E +.376(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 412.8 R +2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F2<ad58>2.877 +E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 424.8 R +.682(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.182 F .681 +(xpansion; a)-.15 F F2(&)3.181 E F0 .681 +(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522 +(the w)108 436.8 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G +(iteral)-3.022 E F2(&)3.022 E F0 .523 (may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E .849(attempting a match.)108 578.4 -R(An)5.849 E 3.349(yc)-.15 G .849 -(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.349 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.35(df).15 G .85(rom the list.)-3.35 F 3.35(Al)5.85 G(eading)-3.35 E F1 -(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 590.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G +-.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 448.8 R +(An)5.85 E 3.35(yc)-.15 G .849 +(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.35 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.349(df).15 G .849(rom the list.)-3.349 F 3.349(Al)5.849 G(eading) +-3.349 E F2(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 460.8 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G (tes the pattern; in this case an).05 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G (ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -(d.).15 E(Finally)108 607.2 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H -.587(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F1 -<ad50>3.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F1<ad53>3.087 E F0 .587 +(d.).15 E(Finally)108 477.6 Q 3.086(,a)-.65 G .886 -.15(ny p)-3.086 H +.586(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F2 +<ad50>3.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F2<ad53>3.087 E F0 .587 (options are added to each member of the com-)3.087 F(pletion list, and\ the result is returned to the readline completion code as the list of \ -possible completions.)108 619.2 Q .246(If the pre)108 636 R .247 +possible completions.)108 489.6 Q .247(If the pre)108 506.4 R .247 (viously-applied actions do not generate an)-.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247 -(atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir)2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247 -(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)108 648 Q F0 +(atches, and the)-2.747 F F2 .247(\255o dir)2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247 +(option w)2.747 F .246(as supplied to)-.1 F F2(complete)108 518.4 Q F0 (when the compspec w)2.5 E -(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462 -(If the)108 664.8 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w) -2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 +(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .461 +(If the)108 535.2 R F2 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.961 F F0 .462(option w) +2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F2(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 (when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 -F(pletion is attempted and an)108 676.8 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G -(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .559 -(By def)108 693.6 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.059(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56 -(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.059 F -.632(of possible completions.)108 705.6 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 -E F1(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 -(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631 -(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 717.6 R -.558(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) -3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 -(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 729.6 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 -(e\214ned, the)-3.172 F F1(bash)3.172 E F0(def)3.172 E .671 +F(pletion is attempted and an)108 547.2 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G +(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .56 +(By def)108 564 R .56(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 3.06(ri).15 G 3.06(tg)-3.06 G .559 +(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.06 F +.631(of possible completions.)108 576 R .631(The def)5.631 F(ault)-.1 E +F2(bash)3.131 E F0 .631 +(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .632 +(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .559(name completion is disabled.)108 588 R .559 +(If the)5.559 F F2 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w)3.059 +F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F2(complete)3.058 E F0 .558 +(when the compspec)3.058 F -.1(wa)108 600 S 3.171(sd).1 G .671 +(e\214ned, the)-3.171 F F2(bash)3.171 E F0(def)3.171 E .671 (ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) --.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F1<ad6f>3.171 E F0(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q -(2009 December 29)135.965 E(45)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 46 46 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(default)108 84 Q F0 1.207(option w)3.706 F -1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 1.207 -(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F 3.707 -(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F -(will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 96 Q -(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.)2.5 E +-.1 F .672(If the)5.672 F F2<ad6f>3.172 E(default)108 612 Q F0 1.207 +(option w)3.707 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F2(complete)3.707 E F0 +1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F +3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.206(ault completion)-.1 F +(will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 624 +Q(ault)-.1 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.)2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desire\ -d, the programmable completion func-)108 112.8 R .632(tions force readl\ +d, the programmable completion func-)108 640.8 R .633(tions force readl\ ine to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links to di\ -rectories, subject)108 124.8 R 2.762(to the v)108 136.8 R 2.762 -(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 -(readline v)5.262 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.761 -(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 148.8 +rectories, subject)108 652.8 R 2.761(to the v)108 664.8 R 2.761 +(alue of the)-.25 F F2(mark\255dir)5.261 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 +(readline v)5.261 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.762 +(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F2(mark-sym-)5.262 E(link)108 676.8 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E -.19(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 -165.6 R .191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.33 -(tion with a def)108 177.6 R 1.33(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F -F1 1.33(complete -D)3.83 F F0 6.33(.I)C(t')-6.33 E 3.83(sp)-.55 G 1.33 +.191(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 +693.6 R .19(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.33 +(tion with a def)108 705.6 R 1.33(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F +F2 1.33(complete -D)3.83 F F0 6.33(.I)C(t')-6.33 E 3.83(sp)-.55 G 1.33 (ossible for shell functions e)-3.83 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.33(cuted as).15 F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried\ - by returning an e)108 189.6 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 F .93(If a) + by returning an e)108 717.6 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 F .93(If a) 5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the compspec associat\ -ed with the command on which completion is)108 201.6 R .665 -(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 213.6 R .666 -(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .666 -(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F 1.139(restarts from the be)108 -225.6 R 1.139 -(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a compspec for that command.)-.15 F -1.139(This allo)6.139 F 1.138(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 -237.6 Q(uilt dynamically as completion is attempted, rather than being \ -loaded all at once.)-.2 E -.15(Fo)108 254.4 S 2.636(ri).15 G .137 -(nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.636 F +ed with the command on which completion is)108 729.6 R(GNU Bash-4.2)72 +768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(46)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 47 47 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E .666(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 84 R .665 +(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .665 +(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .083(restarts from the be)108 96 +R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc)-.25 G +.084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .084(This allo)5.084 F .084 +(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 108 Q(uilt dynamically as c\ +ompletion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 E -.15 +(Fo)108 124.8 S 2.637(ri).15 G .137 +(nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.637 F .137(ept in a \214le corresponding to the name of)-.1 F -(the command, the follo)108 266.4 Q(wing def)-.25 E +(the command, the follo)108 136.8 Q(wing def)-.25 E (ault completion function w)-.1 E(ould load completions dynamically:)-.1 -E/F2 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 283.2 Q({)108 295.2 Q 6 -(.")144 307.2 S +E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 153.6 Q({)108 165.6 Q 6 +(.")144 177.6 S (/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108 -319.2 Q(complete -D -F _completion_loader)108 331.2 Q/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 360 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 .372(When the)108 -372 R F1 .372(\255o history)2.872 F F0 .372(option to the)2.872 F F1 -(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F -.371(vides access to the)-.15 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .371 -(command history)2.871 F F0(,)A .304(the list of commands pre)108 384 R -.304(viously typed.)-.25 F .304(The v)5.304 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F/F5 -9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE)2.804 E F0 -.25(va)2.554 G .305 -(riable is used as the number of com-).25 F .43(mands to sa)108 396 R -.73 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.93(nah).15 G .43(istory list.)-2.93 F .43(The te) -5.43 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F5(HISTSIZE)2.929 E F0 .429 -(commands \(def)2.679 F .429(ault 500\) is sa)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.929 -(d. The).15 F(shell)2.929 E .287 +189.6 Q(complete -D -F _completion_loader)108 201.6 Q/F2 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 230.4 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 .371(When the) +108 242.4 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .371(\255o history)2.871 F F0 .371 +(option to the)2.871 F F3(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 +(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .372(vides access to the)-.15 F/F4 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF .372(command history)2.872 F F0(,)A .305 +(the list of commands pre)108 254.4 R .305(viously typed.)-.25 F .305 +(The v)5.305 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F/F5 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE) +2.804 E F0 -.25(va)2.554 G .304(riable is used as the number of com-).25 +F .429(mands to sa)108 266.4 R .729 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.929(nah).15 G .429 +(istory list.)-2.929 F .429(The te)5.429 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F5 +(HISTSIZE)2.93 E F0 .43(commands \(def)2.68 F .43(ault 500\) is sa)-.1 F +-.15(ve)-.2 G 2.93(d. The).15 F(shell)2.93 E .287 (stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v)108 -408 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F5(EXP)2.787 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 420 S -4.066(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.066 F 1.565 +278.4 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F5(EXP)2.787 E +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 290.4 +S 4.065(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.065 F 1.565 (xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565 (alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F5(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 -(and)3.815 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 432 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A -F0 .082 +(and)3.816 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 302.4 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +A F0 .082 (On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v) -108 448.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1 -E F4(~/.bash_history)2.583 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 -460.8 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F5(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 +108 319.2 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)2.582 E F0(\(def)2.332 E(ault)-.1 +E F4(~/.bash_history)2.582 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 +331.2 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F5(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 (is truncated, if necessary)2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G .315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .532 -(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 472.8 R .532(alue of)-.25 F F5 +(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 343.2 R .532(alue of)-.25 F F5 (HISTFILESIZE)3.032 E F6(.)A F0 .532 (When the history \214le is read, lines be)5.032 F .532 -(ginning with the his-)-.15 F 1.159(tory comment character follo)108 -484.8 R 1.158(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps \ -for the preceding)-.25 F .052(history line.)108 496.8 R .053 -(These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.052 F -.053(alue of the)-.25 F F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.553 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va) -108 508.8 S 4.387(riable. When).25 F 1.887(an interacti)4.387 F 2.187 +(ginning with the his-)-.15 F 1.158(tory comment character follo)108 +355.2 R 1.159(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps \ +for the preceding)-.25 F .053(history line.)108 367.2 R .053 +(These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.053 F +.052(alue of the)-.25 F F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.552 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va) +108 379.2 S 4.386(riable. When).25 F 1.886(an interacti)4.386 F 2.187 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.887(hell e).15 F 1.887(xits, the last)-.15 F F5 ($HISTSIZE)4.387 E F0 1.887(lines are copied from the history list to) -4.137 F F5($HISTFILE)108 520.8 Q F6(.)A F0 .056(If the)4.556 F F1 +4.137 F F5($HISTFILE)108 391.2 Q F6(.)A F0 .056(If the)4.556 F F3 (histappend)2.556 E F0 .056 -(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.556 F F1(shopt)2.556 +(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.556 F F3(shopt)2.556 E F0(under)2.556 E F5 .056(SHELL B)2.556 F(UIL)-.09 E(TIN)-.828 E -(COMMANDS)108 532.8 Q F0(belo)2.672 E .422(w\), the lines are appended \ +(COMMANDS)108 403.2 Q F0(belo)2.671 E .422(w\), the lines are appended \ to the history \214le, otherwise the history \214le is o)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.921(rwritten. If).15 F F5(HISTFILE)108 544.8 Q F0 .435(is unse\ -t, or if the history \214le is unwritable, the history is not sa)2.684 F --.15(ve)-.2 G 2.935(d. If).15 F(the)2.935 E F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.935 E(T) --.855 E F0 -.25(va)108 556.8 S .917 +-.15 G 2.922(rwritten. If).15 F F5(HISTFILE)108 415.2 Q F0 .435(is unse\ +t, or if the history \214le is unwritable, the history is not sa)2.685 F +-.15(ve)-.2 G 2.934(d. If).15 F(the)2.934 E F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.934 E(T) +-.855 E F0 -.25(va)108 427.2 S .916 (riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark).25 -F .916(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 3.416(,s)-.4 G(o) --3.416 E(the)108 568.8 Q 3.082(ym)-.15 G .582(ay be preserv)-3.082 F -.582(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F .583 +F .917(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 3.417(,s)-.4 G(o) +-3.417 E(the)108 439.2 Q 3.083(ym)-.15 G .583(ay be preserv)-3.083 F +.583(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F .582 (This uses the history comment character to distinguish time-)5.583 F -.987(stamps from other history lines.)108 580.8 R .987(After sa)5.987 F -.987(ving the history)-.2 F 3.486(,t)-.65 G .986 +.986(stamps from other history lines.)108 451.2 R .986(After sa)5.986 F +.986(ving the history)-.2 F 3.486(,t)-.65 G .987 (he history \214le is truncated to contain no more)-3.486 F(than)108 -592.8 Q F5(HISTFILESIZE)2.5 E F0 2.5(lines. If)2.25 F F5(HISTFILESIZE) -2.5 E F0(is not set, no truncation is performed.)2.25 E 1.293(The b)108 -609.6 R 1.293(uiltin command)-.2 F F1(fc)3.793 E F0(\(see)3.793 E F5 -1.293(SHELL B)3.793 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.293(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) -3.543 E 1.294(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-)-.25 F -.15(exe) -108 621.6 S .674(cute a portion of the history list.).15 F(The)5.673 E -F1(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.173 G .673 -(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list).2 F .279 -(and manipulate the history \214le.)108 633.6 R .279 +463.2 Q F5(HISTFILESIZE)2.5 E F0 2.5(lines. If)2.25 F F5(HISTFILESIZE) +2.5 E F0(is not set, no truncation is performed.)2.25 E 1.294(The b)108 +480 R 1.294(uiltin command)-.2 F F3(fc)3.794 E F0(\(see)3.794 E F5 1.293 +(SHELL B)3.794 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.293(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.543 E +1.293(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-)-.25 F -.15(exe)108 492 S +.673(cute a portion of the history list.).15 F(The)5.673 E F3(history) +3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.173 G .673 +(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list).2 F .28 +(and manipulate the history \214le.)108 504 R .279 (When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.279 F -.25(va) --.2 G .28(ilable in each).25 F(editing mode that pro)108 645.6 Q -(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.486(The shell allo)108 662.4 -R 1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 +-.2 G .279(ilable in each).25 F(editing mode that pro)108 516 Q +(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.485(The shell allo)108 532.8 +R 1.485(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 (hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 G 3.986(nt) --3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E F5(HISTCONTR)3.985 -E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F5(HISTIGNORE)108 674.4 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G -.457(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .758 -.15(ve o) --.2 H .458(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.458 E F1 -(cmdhist)108 686.4 Q F0 .75 +-3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.486 E F5(HISTCONTR)3.986 +E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.736 E F5(HISTIGNORE)108 544.8 Q F0 -.25(va)2.708 G +.458(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .757 -.15(ve o) +-.2 H .457(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.457 E F3 +(cmdhist)108 556.8 Q F0 .75 (shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077 -(the same history entry)108 698.4 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 +(the same history entry)108 568.8 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 (dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G -1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F1(lithist)3.577 E F0 -.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 710.4 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 -H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373 -(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .373(See the)5.373 F .318 -(description of the)108 722.4 R F1(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 +1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F3(lithist)3.576 E F0 +.373(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 580.8 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 +H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .374 +(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .374(See the)5.374 F .319 +(description of the)108 592.8 R F3(shopt)2.819 E F0 -.2(bu)2.819 G .318 (iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F5 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F -(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .319 -(for information on setting and)2.568 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q -(2009 December 29)135.965 E(46)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 47 47 +(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .318 +(for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 +604.8 Q F2(HIST)72 621.6 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E +(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .61(The shell supports a history e)108 633.6 R .611 +(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .611 +(xpansion in)-.15 F F3(csh.)3.111 E F0 .611(This section)5.611 F .871 +(describes what syntax features are a)108 645.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 +(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .87 +(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.17 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .87(hells, and).15 F +2.013(can be disabled using the)108 657.6 R F3(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 +(option to the)4.514 F F3(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014 +(iltin command \(see).2 F F5 2.014(SHELL B)4.514 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.014 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 669.6 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F +.3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells do not perform history e).15 E +(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.306(History e)108 686.4 R 1.306 +(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(ords from the history list into the\ + input stream, making it easy to repeat)-.1 F .209 +(commands, insert the ar)108 698.4 R .209(guments to a pre)-.18 F .21 +(vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 +F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 710.4 Q(.)-.65 E 1.164(History e)108 +727.2 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ +s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(47)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 48 48 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(unsetting shell options.)108 84 Q/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST) -72 100.8 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .611 -(The shell supports a history e)108 112.8 R .611 -(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .61 -(xpansion in)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(csh.)3.11 E F0 .61 -(This section)5.61 F .87(describes what syntax features are a)108 124.8 -R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def) -3.371 F .871(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871 -(hells, and).15 F 2.014(can be disabled using the)108 136.8 R F2(+H) -4.514 E F0 2.014(option to the)4.514 F F2(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G -2.014(iltin command \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.013(SHELL B)4.513 -F(UIL)-.09 E 2.013(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 148.8 Q 2.5 -(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H -(hells do not perform history e).15 E(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E -1.305(History e)108 165.6 R 1.305(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(or\ -ds from the history list into the input stream, making it easy to repea\ -t)-.1 F .21(commands, insert the ar)108 177.6 R .21(guments to a pre) --.18 F .209 -(vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 -F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 189.6 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108 -206.4 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ -s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 218.4 S 3.2 -(rds. It).1 F(tak)3.2 E .7(es place in tw)-.1 F 3.2(op)-.1 G 3.2 -(arts. The)-3.2 F .7 +-.35 E -.1(wo)108 84 S 3.2(rds. It).1 F(tak)3.2 E .7(es place in tw)-.1 +F 3.2(op)-.1 G 3.2(arts. The)-3.2 F .7 (\214rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during) -3.2 F 4.367(substitution. The)108 230.4 R 1.868(second is to select por\ -tions of that line for inclusion into the current one.)4.367 F 1.868 -(The line)6.868 F .663(selected from the history is the)108 242.4 R/F4 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)3.163 G(ent).15 E F0 3.163(,a)C .663 -(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.163 F F4(wor) -3.162 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.662(.V)C(arious)-6.772 E F4(modi\214er)108 254.4 -Q(s)-.1 E F0 .226(are a)2.726 F -.25(va)-.2 G .226 -(ilable to manipulate the selected w).25 F 2.726(ords. The)-.1 F .227 -(line is brok)2.726 F .227(en into w)-.1 F .227(ords in the same f)-.1 F -(ashion)-.1 E .352(as when reading input, so that se)108 266.4 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F4(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .351 -(-separated w)B .351(ords surrounded by quotes are considered)-.1 F .624 -(one w)108 278.4 R 3.124(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.124 G .624 -(pansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e).15 F .625 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.125(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.125 E(is)108 290.4 Q -F2(!)3.333 E F0(by def)3.333 E 2.5(ault. Only)-.1 F(backslash \()2.5 E -F2(\\).833 E F0 2.5(\)a).833 G(nd single quotes can quote the history e) --2.5 E(xpansion character)-.15 E(.)-.55 E(Se)108 307.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -.03(ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 +3.2 F 4.368(substitution. The)108 96 R 1.868(second is to select portio\ +ns of that line for inclusion into the current one.)4.368 F 1.867 +(The line)6.867 F .662(selected from the history is the)108 108 R/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)3.162 G(ent).15 E F0 3.162(,a)C .663 +(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.162 F F1(wor) +3.163 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.663(.V)C(arious)-6.773 E F1(modi\214er)108 120 Q +(s)-.1 E F0 .227(are a)2.727 F -.25(va)-.2 G .227 +(ilable to manipulate the selected w).25 F 2.727(ords. The)-.1 F .226 +(line is brok)2.726 F .226(en into w)-.1 F .226(ords in the same f)-.1 F +(ashion)-.1 E .351(as when reading input, so that se)108 132 R -.15(ve) +-.25 G(ral).15 E F1(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .352 +(-separated w)B .352(ords surrounded by quotes are considered)-.1 F .625 +(one w)108 144 R 3.125(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.125 G .624 +(pansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e).15 F .624 +(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.124(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.124 E(is)108 156 Q/F2 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)3.333 E F0(by def)3.333 E 2.5(ault. Only)-.1 F +(backslash \()2.5 E F2(\\).833 E F0 2.5(\)a).833 G +(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-2.5 E(xpansion character)-.15 +E(.)-.55 E(Se)108 172.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 +(ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 (xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 -F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 319.2 T -3.162(ni).25 G 3.162(fi)-3.162 G 3.162(ti)-3.162 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G +F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 184.8 T +3.163(ni).25 G 3.163(fi)-3.163 G 3.162(ti)-3.163 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G .662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and) -.25 F F2(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F2 -(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F2(\()3.163 E -F0(will also inhibit e)108 331.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 348 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.61 E -F0 -.2(bu)2.61 G .109(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .109 -(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.142(If the)108 360 R F2 +(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F2(\()3.162 E +F0(will also inhibit e)108 196.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 213.6 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .109(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.609 +E F0 -.2(bu)2.609 G .11(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .11 +(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.143(If the)108 225.6 R F2 (histv)3.643 E(erify)-.1 E F0 1.143 (shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.643 F F2(shopt) 3.643 E F0 -.2(bu)3.643 G 1.143(iltin belo).2 F 1.143(w\), and)-.25 F F2 --.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.643 E .461(being used, history sub\ -stitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 372 R 5.46 -(.I)-.55 G .46(nstead, the e)-5.46 F .46(xpanded line)-.15 F 1.515 -(is reloaded into the)108 384 R F2 -.18(re)4.015 G(adline).18 E F0 1.515 -(editing b)4.015 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F -(If)6.516 E F2 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline).18 E F0 1.516 -(is being used, and the)4.016 F F2(histr)108 396 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202 -(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 +-.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.642 E .461(being used, history sub\ +stitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 237.6 R +5.461(.I)-.55 G .461(nstead, the e)-5.461 F .461(xpanded line)-.15 F +1.516(is reloaded into the)108 249.6 R F2 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline).18 E +F0 1.516(editing b)4.016 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516 +(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F(If)6.516 E F2 -.18(re)4.015 G +(adline).18 E F0 1.515(is being used, and the)4.015 F F2(histr)108 261.6 +Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 (ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F2 -.18(re) -3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 408 S -.25(ff).2 G -1.16(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.16 E F2<ad70>3.66 E F0 1.16 -(option to the)3.66 F F2(history)3.66 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.161 -(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 420 S -.056(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.056 E F2<ad73>2.556 E -F0 .056(option to the)2.556 F F2(history)2.555 E F0 -.2(bu)2.555 G .055 -(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F -(end of the history list without actually e)108 432 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 273.6 S -.25(ff).2 G +1.161(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.161 E F2<ad70>3.661 E F0 1.161 +(option to the)3.661 F F2(history)3.661 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.16 +(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 285.6 +S .055(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.055 E F2<ad73>2.555 +E F0 .055(option to the)2.555 F F2(history)2.556 E F0 -.2(bu)2.556 G +.056(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F +(end of the history list without actually e)108 297.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 448.8 R 2.2 +(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 314.4 R 2.2 (ws control of the v)-.25 F 2.2(arious characters used by the history e) --.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.147(description of)108 -460.8 R F2(histchars)3.647 E F0(abo)3.647 E 1.447 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) -.15 E F2 1.147(Shell V)3.647 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.146 +-.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.146(description of)108 +326.4 R F2(histchars)3.646 E F0(abo)3.646 E 1.446 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) +.15 E F2 1.146(Shell V)3.646 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.147 (shell uses the history comment character to)3.646 F -(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 472.8 Q F2 -(Ev)87 489.6 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0(An e)108 501.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the history li\ -st.).15 E F2(!)108 518.4 Q F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e) -32.67 F 1.607(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F2(blank) -4.107 E F0 4.107(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.608 -(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F(\(when the)144 530.4 Q F2(extglob) -2.5 E F0(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin\).).2 E F2(!)108 542.4 Q F4(n)A F0 -(Refer to command line)27.67 E F4(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F2<21ad>108 554.4 Q -F4(n)A F0(Refer to the current command line minus)21.97 E F4(n)2.5 E F0 -(.).24 E F2(!!)108 566.4 Q F0(Refer to the pre)29.34 E(vious command.) --.25 E(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F2(!)108 578.4 Q F4 -(string)A F0(Refer to the most recent command starting with)9.33 E F4 -(string)2.5 E F0(.).22 E F2(!?)108 590.4 Q F4(string)A F2([?])A F0 1.022 -(Refer to the most recent command containing)144 602.4 R F4(string)3.522 -E F0 6.022(.T).22 G 1.022(he trailing)-6.022 F F2(?)3.522 E F0 1.022 -(may be omitted if)3.522 F F4(string)3.861 E F0(is)3.741 E(follo)144 -614.4 Q(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.)-.25 E/F5 12/Times-Bold@0 -SF(^)108 631.4 Q F4(string1)-5 I F5(^)5 I F4(string2)-5 I F5(^)5 I F0 -2.629(Quick substitution.)144 638.4 R 2.629 -(Repeat the last command, replacing)7.629 F F4(string1)5.469 E F0(with) -5.129 E F4(string2)5.129 E F0 7.629(.E).02 G(qui)-7.629 E -.25(va)-.25 G -2.63(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 650.4 S(!!:s/).74 E F4(string1)A F0(/)A -F4(string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F2(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0 -(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(!#)108 662.4 Q F0 +(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 338.4 Q F2 +(Ev)87 355.2 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .205(An e)108 367.2 R -.15(ve) +-.25 G .204(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the\ + history list.).15 F .204(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e) +108 379.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5 +(ot).15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F2(!)108 396 Q +F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e)32.67 F 1.607(xcept when follo) +-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F2(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107(,n)C -.25(ew) +-4.107 G 1.608(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F(\(when the)144 408 Q +F2(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 +E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin\).).2 E F2(!)108 420 Q F1(n)A F0 +(Refer to command line)27.67 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F2<21ad>108 432 Q +F1(n)A F0(Refer to the current command minus)21.97 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 +E F2(!!)108 444 Q F0(Refer to the pre)29.34 E(vious command.)-.25 E +(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F2(!)108 456 Q F1(string)A +F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position\ + in the history list starting with)9.33 F F1(string)144 468 Q F0(.).22 E +F2(!?)108 480 Q F1(string)A F2([?])A F0 1.304(Refer to the most recent \ +command preceding the current postition in the history list containing) +144 492 R F1(string)144 504 Q F0 5(.T).22 G(he trailing)-5 E F2(?)2.5 E +F0(may be omitted if)2.5 E F1(string)2.84 E F0(is follo)2.72 E +(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.)-.25 E/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^) +108 521 Q F1(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F1(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .784 +(Quick substitution.)144 528 R .784(Repeat the pre)5.784 F .784 +(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F1(string1)3.624 E F0(with)3.283 E F1 +(string2)3.283 E F0 5.783(.E).02 G(qui)-5.783 E -.25(va)-.25 G .783 +(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 540 S(!!:s/).74 E F1(string1)A F0(/)A F1 +(string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F2(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0 +(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(!#)108 552 Q F0 (The entire command line typed so f)27.67 E(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2 -.75 -(Wo)87 679.2 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 691.2 S 1.314 +(Wo)87 568.8 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 580.8 S 1.313 (rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e) --.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F2(:)3.814 E F0 1.313 -(separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313(nt speci\214cation).15 F -.529(from the w)108 703.2 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G +-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F2(:)3.814 E F0 1.314 +(separates the e)3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.314(nt speci\214cation).15 F +.53(from the w)108 592.8 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 (ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F2(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F2 ($)3.029 E F0(,)A F2(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F2<ad>3.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) --3.029 E F2(%)3.029 E F0 5.53(.W)C(ords)-6.33 E 1.301 -(are numbered from the be)108 715.2 R 1.301 -(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.3 -(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.3 G 1.3(rds are).8 F -(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 727.2 Q -(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(47)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 48 48 +-3.029 E F2(%)3.029 E F0 5.529(.W)C(ords)-6.329 E 1.3 +(are numbered from the be)108 604.8 R 1.3 +(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.301 +(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.301 G 1.301(rds are).8 +F(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 616.8 Q +F2 2.5(0\()108 633.6 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 645.6 Q +2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E +F1(n)108.36 657.6 Q F0(The)30.64 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E F2(^) +108 669.6 Q F0(The \214rst ar)32.67 E 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F(is, w)2.5 +E(ord 1.)-.1 E F2($)108 681.6 Q F0(The last ar)31 E(gument.)-.18 E F2(%) +108 693.6 Q F0(The w)26 E(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 E F1 +(string)A F0(?' search.)A F1(x)108.77 705.6 Q F2<ad>A F1(y)A F0 2.5(Ar) +20.65 G(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F1(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 +E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F1(y)A F0('.)A F2(*)108 717.6 Q F0 .316 +(All of the w)31 F .316(ords b)-.1 F .316(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315 +(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F1(1\255$)A F0 2.815 +('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F2(*)2.815 E F0 .315 +(if there is)2.815 F(just one w)144 729.6 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(48)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 49 49 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(0\()108 84 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0 -(The zeroth w)144 96 Q 2.5(ord. F)-.1 F -(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)108.36 108 Q F0(The)30.64 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A -(ord.)-.1 E F1(^)108 120 Q F0(The \214rst ar)32.67 E 2.5(gument. That) --.18 F(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 132 Q F0(The last ar)31 E -(gument.)-.18 E F1(%)108 144 Q F0(The w)26 E -(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 E F2(string)A F0(?' search.)A F2 -(x)108.77 156 Q F1<ad>A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)20.65 G(ange of w)-2.5 E -(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E -F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 168 Q F0 .315(All of the w)31 F .315(ords b)-.1 -F .315(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `) --.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F -F1(*)2.816 E F0 .316(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 180 Q -(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108 192 Q F0 -(Abbre)26 E(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<78ad>108 204 Q F0 -(Abbre)25.3 E(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1(x*) -2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E(ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108 220.8 -Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(x*)108 84 Q F0(Abbre)26 E(viates)-.25 E/F2 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<78ad>108 96 Q F0(Abbre)25.3 +E(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E(ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108 112.8 Q +(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E --.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 237.6 Q F0 .184 -(After the optional w)108 249.6 R .184(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4 -G .183(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F -.183(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 261.6 Q F1(h) -108 278.4 Q F0(Remo)30.44 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H +-.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 129.6 Q F0 .183 +(After the optional w)108 141.6 R .183(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4 +G .184(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.683 F +.184(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 153.6 Q F1(h) +108 170.4 Q F0(Remo)30.44 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H (railing \214le name component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1 -(t)108 290.4 Q F0(Remo)32.67 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H +(t)108 182.4 Q F0(Remo)32.67 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H (ll leading \214le name components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r) -108 302.4 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E +108 194.4 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E (\214x of the form)-.25 E F2(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C(ea)-2.5 E -(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 314.4 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a) --.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 326.4 +(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 206.4 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a) +-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 218.4 Q F0(Print the ne)30.44 E 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E(ut do not e)-.2 -E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 338.4 Q F0 +E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 230.4 Q F0 (Quote the substituted w)30.44 E(ords, escaping further substitutions.) --.1 E F1(x)108 350.4 Q F0(Quote the substituted w)31 E(ords as with)-.1 +-.1 E F1(x)108 242.4 Q F0(Quote the substituted w)31 E(ords as with)-.1 E F1(q)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks) -2.5 E F0(and ne)2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 362.4 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A -F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 374.4 Q F2(ne)3.081 E(w)-.15 E -F0 .221(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.031 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221 +2.5 E F0(and ne)2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 254.4 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A +F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 266.4 Q F2(ne)3.082 E(w)-.15 E +F0 .221(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.032 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221 (in the e)3.491 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .221(nt line.).15 F(An)5.221 E 2.721 -(yd)-.15 G .221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .617(of /.)144 -386.4 R .617 +(yd)-.15 G .221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .616(of /.)144 +278.4 R .617 (The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) -5.617 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .616(The delimiter may)5.616 -F .666(be quoted in)144 398.4 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne) +5.616 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .617(The delimiter may)5.617 +F .666(be quoted in)144 290.4 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne) 3.526 E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666 (If & appears in)5.666 F F2(ne)3.166 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.166(,i).31 G 3.166 (ti)-3.166 G 3.166(sr)-3.166 G .666(eplaced by)-3.166 F F2(old)3.166 E -F0 5.666(.A).77 G .275(single backslash will quote the &.)144 410.4 R -(If)5.275 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 -F F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(substituted, or)3.544 F 2.774(,i)-.4 G 2.774 -(fn)-2.774 G 2.774(op)-2.774 G(re)-2.774 E(vi-)-.25 E -(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 422.4 Q F2(string) +F0 5.666(.A).77 G .274(single backslash will quote the &.)144 302.4 R +(If)5.274 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 +F F2(old)3.005 E F0 .275(substituted, or)3.545 F 2.775(,i)-.4 G 2.775 +(fn)-2.775 G 2.775(op)-2.775 G(re)-2.775 E(vi-)-.25 E +(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 314.4 Q F2(string) 2.84 E F0(in a)2.72 E F1(!?)2.5 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0(search.)5 E F1 -(&)108 434.4 Q F0(Repeat the pre)27.67 E(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1 -(g)108 446.4 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)31 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.897(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.) -.15 F .398(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.898 -('\()C(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 458.4 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w) --.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.219('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.719('. If)B 1.219 -(used with `)3.719 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.218 -(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .089 -(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 470.4 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .09(nt line.).15 F(An)5.09 E F1(a)2.59 E F0 .09 -(may be used as a synon)2.59 F .09(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 482.4 Q F0(.)A -F1(G)108 494.4 Q F0(Apply the follo)28.22 E(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5 -('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 511.2 Q(UIL)-.11 E -(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 523.2 +(&)108 326.4 Q F0(Repeat the pre)27.67 E(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1 +(g)108 338.4 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)31 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.898(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.) +.15 F .397(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.897 +('\()C(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 350.4 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w) +-.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.218('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.718('. If)B 1.218 +(used with `)3.718 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.219 +(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .09 +(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 362.4 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .089(nt line.).15 F(An)5.089 E F1(a)2.589 E F0 .089 +(may be used as a synon)2.589 F .089(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 374.4 Q F0 +(.)A F1(G)108 386.4 Q F0(Apply the follo)28.22 E(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 +2.5('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 403.2 Q(UIL)-.11 E +(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 415.2 R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\ -receded by)-.2 F F1<ad>108 535.2 Q F0(accepts)2.533 E F1<adad>2.533 E F0 -.034(to signify the end of the options.)2.533 F(The)5.034 E F1(:)2.534 E +receded by)-.2 F F1<ad>108 427.2 Q F0(accepts)2.534 E F1<adad>2.534 E F0 +.034(to signify the end of the options.)2.534 F(The)5.034 E F1(:)2.534 E F0(,)A F1(true)2.534 E F0(,)A F1(false)2.534 E F0 2.534(,a)C(nd)-2.534 E -F1(test)2.534 E F0 -.2(bu)2.534 G .034(iltins do not accept options and) -.2 F .078(do not treat)108 547.2 R F1<adad>2.577 E F0(specially)2.577 E +F1(test)2.534 E F0 -.2(bu)2.534 G .033(iltins do not accept options and) +.2 F .077(do not treat)108 439.2 R F1<adad>2.577 E F0(specially)2.577 E 5.077(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.077 E F1(exit)2.577 E F0(,)A F1(logout)2.577 E F0 (,)A F1(br)2.577 E(eak)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(continue)2.577 E F0(,)A F1(let) 2.577 E F0 2.577(,a)C(nd)-2.577 E F1(shift)2.577 E F0 -.2(bu)2.577 G -.077(iltins accept and process ar).2 F(gu-)-.18 E .319(ments be)108 -559.2 R .319(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>2.819 E F0 .319 -(without requiring)2.819 F F1<adad>2.819 E F0 5.319(.O)C .319(ther b) --5.319 F .319(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .32(guments b)-.18 F .32 -(ut are not speci\214ed as)-.2 F 1.144(accepting options interpret ar) -108 571.2 R 1.144(guments be)-.18 F 1.144(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad> +.077(iltins accept and process ar).2 F(gu-)-.18 E .32(ments be)108 451.2 +R .32(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>2.82 E F0 .32(without requiring)2.82 F +F1<adad>2.82 E F0 5.319(.O)C .319(ther b)-5.319 F .319 +(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .319(guments b)-.18 F .319 +(ut are not speci\214ed as)-.2 F 1.143(accepting options interpret ar) +108 463.2 R 1.143(guments be)-.18 F 1.143(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad> 3.643 E F0 1.143(as in)3.643 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.143 -(lid options and require).25 F F1<adad>3.643 E F0 1.143(to pre)3.643 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 1.143(nt this).15 F(interpretation.)108 583.2 Q F1(:)108 -601.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 613.2 R -.451(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F -(xpanding)-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an) -3.222 F 2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. A)144 -625.2 R(zero e)2.5 E(xit code is returned.)-.15 E F1(.)110.5 642 Q F2 +(lid options and require).25 F F1<adad>3.644 E F0 1.144(to pre)3.644 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 1.144(nt this).15 F(interpretation.)108 475.2 Q F1(:)108 +493.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 505.2 R +.452(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F +(xpanding)-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an) +3.221 F 2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. A)144 +517.2 R(zero e)2.5 E(xit code is returned.)-.15 E F1(.)110.5 534 Q F2 (\214lename)6.666 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 -654 Q(ce)-.18 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0 -(])A 1.02(Read and e)144 666 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from) +546 Q(ce)-.18 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0 +(])A 1.02(Read and e)144 558 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from) .15 F F2(\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02 (vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.68 -(status of the last command e)144 678 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.68(cuted from) +(status of the last command e)144 570 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.68(cuted from) .15 F F2(\214lename)4.18 E F0 6.68(.I).18 G(f)-6.68 E F2(\214lename)6.09 -E F0 1.68(does not contain a slash, \214le)4.36 F .608(names in)144 690 +E F0 1.68(does not contain a slash, \214le)4.36 F .608(names in)144 582 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .608 (are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F2(\214lename)3.108 E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in)-5.608 F F4 -.666(PA) -3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .832(need not be e)144 702 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.332 -(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.332 E F0 .832(is not in)3.332 F F2 .832 -(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .833 -(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .982 -(\214le is found in)144 714 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 +3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .833(need not be e)144 594 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.333 +(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.333 E F0 .832(is not in)3.333 F F2 .832 +(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .832 +(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .981 +(\214le is found in)144 606 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F1(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F1(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 -(iltin command is turned of).2 F .981(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)144 726 -S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.362 F .112(If an)5.112 F(y)-.15 +(iltin command is turned of).2 F .982(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)144 618 +S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.363 F .112(If an)5.112 F(y)-.15 E F2(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F 2.612 -(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F -(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(48)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 49 49 +(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F2 +(\214lename)144 630 Q F0 .341(is e)2.841 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.841 +(cuted. Otherwise).15 F .341(the positional parameters are unchanged.) +2.841 F .342(The return status is the)5.342 F .716 +(status of the last command e)144 642 R .716 +(xited within the script \(0 if no commands are e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.716(cuted\), and f).15 F .715(alse if)-.1 F F2(\214lename)145.91 654 Q +F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 670.8 Q F0([)2.5 +E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 682.8 Q F0 2.724(with no ar)5.224 F 2.724 +(guments or with the)-.18 F F1<ad70>5.224 E F0 2.724 +(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.225 E +F2(name)144 694.8 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F +.58(When ar)5.58 F .58 +(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name) +3.08 E F0(whose)144 706.8 Q F2(value)2.895 E F0 .395(is gi)2.895 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.895(n. A).15 F .395(trailing space in)2.895 F F2(value) +5.395 E F0 .395(causes the ne)2.895 F .395(xt w)-.15 F .395 +(ord to be check)-.1 F .395(ed for alias sub-)-.1 F .054 +(stitution when the alias is e)144 718.8 R 2.554(xpanded. F)-.15 F .054 +(or each)-.15 F F2(name)2.554 E F0 .054(in the ar)2.554 F .054 +(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)2.554 E F0 .053(is sup-)2.553 +F 1.313(plied, the name and v)144 730.8 R 1.314 +(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F1(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 +(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.314(is gi)3.814 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nf).15 G(or)-3.814 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(49)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 50 50 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lename)144 84 Q F0 .342(is e)2.842 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 2.842(cuted. Otherwise).15 F .342 -(the positional parameters are unchanged.)2.842 F .341 -(The return status is the)5.341 F .716(status of the last command e)144 -96 R .716(xited within the script \(0 if no commands are e)-.15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .716(cuted\), and f).15 F .716(alse if)-.1 F F1(\214lename) -145.91 108 Q F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(alias)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F2(Alias)144 -136.8 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724(guments or with the)-.18 F F2 -<ad70>5.224 E F0 2.724(option prints the list of aliases in the form) -5.224 F F2(alias)5.224 E F1(name)144 148.8 Q F0(=)A F1(value)A F0 .58 -(on standard output.)3.08 F .58(When ar)5.58 F .58 -(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F1(name) -3.08 E F0(whose)144 160.8 Q F1(value)2.895 E F0 .395(is gi)2.895 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.895(n. A).15 F .395(trailing space in)2.895 F F1(value) -5.395 E F0 .395(causes the ne)2.895 F .395(xt w)-.15 F .395 -(ord to be check)-.1 F .395(ed for alias sub-)-.1 F .054 -(stitution when the alias is e)144 172.8 R 2.554(xpanded. F)-.15 F .054 -(or each)-.15 F F1(name)2.554 E F0 .054(in the ar)2.554 F .054 -(gument list for which no)-.18 F F1(value)2.554 E F0 .054(is sup-)2.554 -F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 184.8 R 1.314 -(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F2(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 -(returns true unless a)3.814 F F1(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E -(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 196.8 Q F2(bg)108 213.6 Q F0([) -2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144 -225.6 R F1(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 -(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F2(&)3.245 E -F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F1(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 237.6 Q F0 .672 -(is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) --3.172 F F1(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F2 -(bg)5.671 E F1(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 -(when job control is disabled or)144 249.6 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 -(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G -(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F1(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G -(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 261.6 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 -E F2(bind)108 278.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6d>A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 -2.5(][)C F2(\255lpsvPSV)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 290.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -<ad6d>A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad71>-2.5 E F1 -(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad75>-2.5 E F1(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F2<ad72>-2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 302.4 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F2<ad6d>A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2<ad66>2.5 E F1 -(\214lename)2.5 E F2(bind)108 314.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6d>A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 -G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2<ad78>2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 -(shell\255command)A F2(bind)108 326.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6d>A F1 -.1(ke) -2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 -(function\255name)A F2(bind)108 338.4 Q F1 -.37(re)2.5 G -(adline\255command).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 350.4 R F2 -.18(re) -2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G .239 -(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.739 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238 -(equence to a).15 F F2 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or) -2.738 F .475(macro, or set a)144 362.4 R F2 -.18(re)2.975 G(adline).18 E -F0 -.25(va)2.975 G 2.975(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F -.476(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .476(ould appear in)-.1 F F1 -(.inputr)144 374.4 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.984(,b).31 G .484 -(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.184 F -.483(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 -(re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 386.4 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 -E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad6d>144 -398.4 Q F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 410.4 Q F1 -.1(ke)5.158 G -(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.658(as the k)5.348 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af) -.15 F 2.659(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.659 E -F1 -.1(ke)180 422.4 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.193(names are)5.883 F F1 3.193 -(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.693 F 3.192 +-.35 E(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(bg)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 +E .745(Resume each suspended job)144 112.8 R F2(jobspec)3.245 E F0 .745 +(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.245 F F1(&)3.244 E +F0 5.744(.I)C(f)-5.744 E F2(job-)4.984 E(spec)144 124.8 Q F0 .671 +(is not present, the shell')3.481 F 3.171(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) +-3.171 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 +(bg)5.672 E F2(jobspec)4.912 E F0 .672(returns 0 unless run)3.482 F .419 +(when job control is disabled or)144 136.8 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 +(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.918(ys)-.15 G +(peci\214ed)-2.918 E F2(jobspec)2.918 E F0 -.1(wa)2.918 G 2.918(sn).1 G +(ot)-2.918 E(found or w)144 148.8 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 +E F1(bind)108 165.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 +2.5(][)C F1(\255lpsvPSV)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad71>-2.5 E F2 +(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1<ad72>-2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 189.6 Q F0 +([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1<ad66>2.5 E F2 +(\214lename)2.5 E F1(bind)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 +G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1<ad78>2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 +(shell\255command)A F1(bind)108 213.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke) +2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 +(function\255name)A F1(bind)108 225.6 Q F2 -.37(re)2.5 G +(adline\255command).37 E F0 .238(Display current)144 237.6 R F1 -.18(re) +2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.738 G 2.738(ya)-.05 G .239 +(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.738 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .239 +(equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 .239(function or) +2.739 F .476(macro, or set a)144 249.6 R F1 -.18(re)2.976 G(adline).18 E +F0 -.25(va)2.976 G 2.976(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F +.475(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .475(ould appear in)-.1 F F2 +(.inputr)144 261.6 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.983(,b).31 G .484 +(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.183 F +.484(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 +(re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 273.6 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 +E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6d>144 +285.6 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 297.6 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.159 G +(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.659(as the k)5.349 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af) +.15 F 2.658(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.658 E +F2 -.1(ke)180 309.6 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.192(names are)5.882 F F2 3.192 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.692 F 3.193 (d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E -(vi\255command)180 434.4 Q F0 4.429(,a)C(nd)-4.429 E F1(vi\255insert) -4.429 E F0(.).68 E F1(vi)6.929 E F0 1.929(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G -1.929(lent to).25 F F1(vi\255command)4.429 E F0(;)A F1(emacs)4.429 E F0 -1.929(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.93(lent to).25 F F1 -(emacs\255standar)180 446.4 Q(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F2<ad6c>144 458.4 Q F0 -(List the names of all)27.52 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(functions.)2.5 E F2<ad70>144 470.4 Q F0(Display)24.74 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 +(vi\255command)180 321.6 Q F0 4.43(,a)C(nd)-4.43 E F2(vi\255insert)4.429 +E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.929 E F0 1.929(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.929 +(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.429 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)4.429 E F0 1.929 +(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.929(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar) +180 333.6 Q(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1<ad6c>144 345.6 Q F0 +(List the names of all)27.52 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 +(functions.)2.5 E F1<ad70>144 357.6 Q F0(Display)24.74 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E -(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2<ad50>144 482.4 -Q F0(List current)24.19 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F2<ad73>144 494.4 Q F0(Display)26.41 -E F2 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 G +(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad50>144 369.6 +Q F0(List current)24.19 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 +(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F1<ad73>144 381.6 Q F0(Display)26.41 +E F1 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 G 1.155(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo) --.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 506.4 S 2.5(yt).1 G -(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2<ad53>144 518.4 Q -F0(Display)24.74 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(ys) +-.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 393.6 S 2.5(yt).1 G +(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad53>144 405.6 Q +F0(Display)24.74 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(ys) -.05 G(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G -(utput.)-2.5 E F2<ad76>144 530.4 Q F0(Display)25.3 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G +(utput.)-2.5 E F1<ad76>144 417.6 Q F0(Display)25.3 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G (adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E (alues in such a w)-.25 E(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G -(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2<ad56>144 542.4 Q F0(List current)23.08 E F2 +(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad56>144 429.6 Q F0(List current)23.08 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E -(alues.)-.25 E F2<ad66>144 554.4 Q F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 -566.4 Q .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A -F2<ad71>144 578.4 Q F1(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 590.4 Q +(alues.)-.25 E F1<ad66>144 441.6 Q F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 +453.6 Q .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A +F1<ad71>144 465.6 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 477.6 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H -(he named).1 E F1(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F2<ad75>144 602.4 Q F1(function) -2.5 E F0(Unbind all k)180 614.4 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G -(ound to the named)-2.5 E F1(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F2<ad72>144 626.4 Q -F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(Remo)180 638.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 --.15(ny c).15 H(urrent binding for).15 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 -(.)A F2<ad78>144 650.4 Q F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F2(:)A F1 -(shell\255command)A F0(Cause)180 662.4 Q F1(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 +(he named).1 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 489.6 Q F2(function) +2.5 E F0(Unbind all k)180 501.6 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G +(ound to the named)-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad72>144 513.6 Q +F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(Remo)180 525.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 +-.15(ny c).15 H(urrent binding for).15 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 +(.)A F1<ad78>144 537.6 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(:)A F2 +(shell\255command)A F0(Cause)180 549.6 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve) --.25 G(r).15 E F1 -.1(ke)4.325 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F -(When)6.825 E F1(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 674.4 Q F0 1.765(is e) -4.265 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9 +-.25 G(r).15 E F2 -.1(ke)4.325 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F +(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 561.6 Q F0 1.764(is e) +4.264 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_LINE)4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765 -(riable to the contents of the).25 F F2 -.18(re)180 686.4 S(adline).18 E -F0 1.353(line b)3.852 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353(fer and the)-.25 F F3 +(riable to the contents of the).25 F F1 -.18(re)180 573.6 S(adline).18 E +F0 1.353(line b)3.853 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353(fer and the)-.25 F F3 (READLINE_POINT)3.853 E F0 -.25(va)3.603 G 1.353 -(riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.012(insertion point.)180 -698.4 R 2.011(If the e)7.012 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011 +(riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.011(insertion point.)180 +585.6 R 2.011(If the e)7.011 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011 (cuted command changes the v).15 F 2.011(alue of)-.25 F F3 -(READLINE_LINE)4.511 E F0(or)4.261 E F3(READLINE_POINT)180 710.4 Q/F4 9 +(READLINE_LINE)4.512 E F0(or)4.262 E F3(READLINE_POINT)180 597.6 Q/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G (alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E(The return v) -144 727.2 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 +144 614.4 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5 -E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(49)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 50 50 +E F1(br)108 631.2 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .055 +(Exit from within a)144 643.2 R F1 -.25(fo)2.555 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1 +(while)2.555 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1 +(select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0 .055 +(is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.414 E F0 .054(must be)2.794 F/F5 10/Symbol SF<b3>2.554 +E F0(1.)2.554 E(If)144 655.2 Q F2(n)3.074 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ + number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.954 F 2.715 +(xited. The)-.15 F .215(return v)2.715 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 +667.2 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F1 -.2 +(bu)108 684 S(iltin).2 E F2(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 696 Q .793 +(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .793(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2 +(ar)3.293 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.293(,a).27 G .793(nd return its e)-3.293 +F .792(xit status.)-.15 F .792(This is useful)5.792 F .615 +(when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 708 +R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 720 R +.57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E 5.57(.T) +-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(50)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 51 51 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(br)108 84 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A .054(Exit from within a)144 96 R F1 -.25 -(fo)2.554 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1(while)2.554 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 -2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1(select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F2(n) -2.555 E F0 .055(is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E --.15(ve)-.25 G(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.415 E F0 .055(must be)2.795 F/F3 10 -/Symbol SF<b3>2.555 E F0(1.)2.555 E(If)144 108 Q F2(n)3.075 E F0 .215(i\ -s greater than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e) -2.955 F 2.714(xited. The)-.15 F .214(return v)2.714 F(alue)-.25 E -(is 0 unless)144 120 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.) -2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)108 136.8 S(iltin).2 E F2(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E -F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 148.8 Q .792 -(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .792(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2 -(ar)3.293 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.293(,a).27 G .793(nd return its e)-3.293 -F .793(xit status.)-.15 F .793(This is useful)5.793 F .616 -(when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 -160.8 R .615(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 -172.8 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 --.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E -5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 184.8 Q(alse if)-.1 -E F2(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E -(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr) -.2 E F0(])A .254(Returns the conte)144 213.6 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F -2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254 +-.35 E(is f)144 84 Q(alse if)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(shell\255b) +2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E(uiltin command.)-.2 E/F2 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF(caller)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 +(])A .253(Returns the conte)144 112.8 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F 2.754(ya) +-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254 (ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.753 E F0(or)2.753 E F1(sour)144 225.6 Q -(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.062 G 3.062(iltins. W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2 -(ex)3.062 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)3.062 E F0 .562 -(displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)3.062 F -.254(subroutine call.)144 237.6 R .254(If a non-ne)5.254 F -.05(ga)-.15 -G(ti).05 E .554 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 -F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .253 -(displays the line number)2.753 F 2.753(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.753 E 1.327(rou\ +.254(cuted with the).15 F F2(.)2.754 E F0(or)2.754 E F2(sour)144 124.8 Q +(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G 2.825(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F1 -.2 +(ex)2.825 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F2(caller)2.825 E F0 .324 +(displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)2.824 F +.253(subroutine call.)144 136.8 R .253(If a non-ne)5.253 F -.05(ga)-.15 +G(ti).05 E .553 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 +F F1 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F2(caller)2.753 E F0 .254 +(displays the line number)2.754 F 2.754(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.754 E 1.327(rou\ tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\ -ent e)144 249.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.328(cution call stack.).15 F .001 -(This e)144 261.6 R .001(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 F .001 -(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F(The current frame is frame)5 E -3.019(0. The)144 273.6 R .519(return v)3.019 F .519 -(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .52 -(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.02 G(pr).2 E F0 .52 -(does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 285.6 Q -(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(cd)108 302.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255L|-P)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .21 -(Change the current directory to)144 314.4 R F2(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21(.T)C -.21(he v)-5.21 F(ariable)-.25 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.71 E F0 .21 -(is the def)2.46 F(ault)-.1 E F2(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21(.T).73 G .21(he v) --5.21 F(ariable)-.25 E F4(CDP)2.71 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .776 -(de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)144 326.4 R F2 -(dir)3.276 E F0 5.777(.A).73 G(lternati)-5.777 E 1.077 -.15(ve d)-.25 H -.777(irectory names in).15 F F4(CDP)3.277 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.764(are separated by a colon \(:\).)144 338.4 R 3.264(An)5.764 G .764 -(ull directory name in)-3.264 F F4(CDP)3.264 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E -F0 .764(is the same as the current direc-)3.014 F(tory)144 350.4 Q 2.973 -(,i)-.65 G .473(.e., `)-2.973 F(`)-.74 E F1(.)A F0 -.74('')C 5.473(.I) -.74 G(f)-5.473 E F2(dir)3.323 E F0(be)3.703 E .474 -(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F4(CDP)2.974 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) -.855 E F0 .474(is not used. The)2.724 F F1<ad50>2.974 E F0 .474 -(option says to use)2.974 F .58(the ph)144 362.4 R .58 +ent e)144 148.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.327(cution call stack.).15 F(This e) +144 160.8 Q(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 E .001 +(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F .001(The current frame is frame) +5.001 F 3.02(0. The)144 172.8 R .52(return v)3.02 F .52 +(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .519 +(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F1 -.2(ex)3.019 G(pr).2 E F0 .519 +(does not corre-)3.019 F(spond to a v)144 184.8 Q +(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F2(cd)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 +<ad4c>A F0(|[)A F2<ad50>A F0([)2.5 E F2<ad65>A F0(]]] [)A F1(dir)A F0(]) +A .21(Change the current directory to)144 213.6 R F1(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21 +(.T)C .21(he v)-5.21 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.71 E +F0 .21(is the def)2.46 F(ault)-.1 E F1(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21(.T).73 G .21 +(he v)-5.21 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(CDP)2.71 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 +.777(de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)144 225.6 R +F1(dir)3.276 E F0 5.776(.A).73 G(lternati)-5.776 E 1.076 -.15(ve d)-.25 +H .776(irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)3.276 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E +F0 .764(are separated by a colon \(:\).)144 237.6 R 3.264(An)5.764 G +.764(ull directory name in)-3.264 F F3(CDP)3.264 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) +.855 E F0 .764(is the same as the current direc-)3.014 F(tory)144 249.6 +Q 2.974(,i)-.65 G .474(.e., `)-2.974 F(`)-.74 E F2(.)A F0 -.74('')C +5.474(.I).74 G(f)-5.474 E F1(dir)3.324 E F0(be)3.704 E .474 +(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F3(CDP)2.974 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) +.855 E F0 .473(is not used. The)2.724 F F2<ad50>2.973 E F0 .473 +(option says to use)2.973 F .579(the ph)144 261.6 R .579 (ysical directory structure instead of follo)-.05 F .579 -(wing symbolic links \(see also the)-.25 F F1<ad50>3.079 E F0 .579 -(option to the)3.079 F F1(set)144 374.4 Q F0 -.2(bu)3.383 G .883 -(iltin command\); the).2 F F1<ad4c>3.383 E F0 .884 -(option forces symbolic links to be follo)3.384 F 3.384(wed. An)-.25 F -(ar)3.384 E .884(gument of)-.18 F F1<ad>3.384 E F0(is)3.384 E(equi)144 -386.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .316(lent to).25 F F4($OLDPWD)2.816 E/F5 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .316(If a non-empty directory name from)4.816 F -F4(CDP)2.815 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .315(is used, or if)2.565 F -F1<ad>2.815 E F0 .315(is the \214rst)2.815 F(ar)144 398.4 Q .116(gument\ -, and the directory change is successful, the absolute pathname of the \ -ne)-.18 F 2.616(ww)-.25 G .116(orking direc-)-2.716 F 1.165 -(tory is written to the standard output.)144 410.4 R 1.164(The return v) -6.164 F 1.164(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 F 1.164 -(as successfully)-.1 F(changed; f)144 422.4 Q(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 -(command)108 439.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pVv)A F0(])A F2(command)2.5 E F0 -([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 451.2 Q F2(command)2.956 -E F0(with)3.527 E F2(ar)3.087 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .257 +(wing symbolic links \(see also the)-.25 F F2<ad50>3.08 E F0 .58 +(option to the)3.08 F F2(set)144 273.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)2.717 G .217 +(iltin command\); the).2 F F2<ad4c>2.717 E F0 .217 +(option forces symbolic links to be follo)2.717 F 2.716(wed. If)-.25 F +(the)2.716 E F2<ad65>2.716 E F0 .216(option is sup-)2.716 F 1.086 +(plied with)144 285.6 R F2<ad50>3.586 E F0 3.586(,a)C 1.086 +(nd the current w)-3.586 F 1.087 +(orking directory cannot be successfully determined after a suc-)-.1 F +.44(cessful directory change,)144 297.6 R F2(cd)2.94 E F0 .44 +(will return an unsuccessful status.)2.94 F .44(An ar)5.44 F .44 +(gument of)-.18 F F2<ad>2.94 E F0 .44(is equi)2.94 F -.25(va)-.25 G .44 +(lent to).25 F F3($OLDPWD)144 309.6 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.044 +(If a non-empty directory name from)5.544 F F3(CDP)3.544 E -.855(AT) +-.666 G(H).855 E F0 1.045(is used, or if)3.295 F F2<ad>3.545 E F0 1.045 +(is the \214rst ar)3.545 F(gument,)-.18 E .021(and the directory change\ + is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 321.6 R 2.521(ww) +-.25 G .021(orking directory is writ-)-2.621 F .165 +(ten to the standard output.)144 333.6 R .165(The return v)5.165 F .165 +(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 F .165(as successfully changed; f) +-.1 F(alse)-.1 E(otherwise.)144 345.6 Q F2(command)108 362.4 Q F0([)2.5 +E F2(\255pVv)A F0(])A F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Run)144 374.4 Q F1(command)2.957 E F0(with)3.527 E F1(ar) +3.087 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .257 (suppressing the normal shell function lookup. Only b)3.027 F .257 -(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 463.2 R F4 --.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.002 -(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F1<ad70>3.002 E F0 .502(option is gi)3.002 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F2(command)3.201 E F0(is) -3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 475.2 R .399(ault v)-.1 F .399 -(alue for)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .4 +(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .501(commands found in the)144 386.4 R F3 +-.666(PA)3.001 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.751 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.002 +(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F2<ad70>3.002 E F0 .502(option is gi)3.002 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F1(command)3.202 E F0(is) +3.772 E .4(performed using a def)144 398.4 R .4(ault v)-.1 F .4 +(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.9 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .399 (that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) -5.4 E .175(either the)144 487.2 R F1<ad56>2.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F1<ad76> -2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F2(command) -2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F1<ad76>2.674 E F0 .174 -(option causes)2.674 F 3.11(as)144 499.2 S .61(ingle w)-3.11 F .61 -(ord indicating the command or \214le name used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G F2(command)3.41 E F0 .61(to be displayed; the)3.88 F F1 -<ad56>144 511.2 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 -(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F1<ad56>2.749 E F0(or) -2.749 E F1<ad76>2.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 -(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 523.2 R F2(command)3.704 E F0 -.1 -(wa)4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 -(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F2 -(command)144.2 535.2 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 -(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 -(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 547.2 S -(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F1 -(compgen)108 564 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(wor)-2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 576 R F2 -(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F2(option)2.513 E -F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982 -(accepted by the)144 588 R F1(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 -(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F1<ad70>3.481 E F0(and) -3.481 E F1<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) --3.481 F 1.415(standard output.)144 600 R 1.415(When using the)6.415 F -F1<ad46>3.915 E F0(or)3.915 E F1<ad43>3.915 E F0 1.415(options, the v) +5.399 E .174(either the)144 410.4 R F2<ad56>2.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F2 +<ad76>2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F1 +(command)2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F2<ad76>2.675 E +F0 .175(option causes)2.675 F 3.11(as)144 422.4 S .61(ingle w)-3.11 F +.61(ord indicating the command or \214le name used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo) +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F1(command)3.41 E F0 .61(to be displayed; the)3.88 F +F2<ad56>144 434.4 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249 +(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F2<ad56>2.749 E F0(or) +2.749 E F2<ad76>2.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25 +(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 446.4 R F1(command)3.705 E F0 -.1 +(wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004 +(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F1 +(command)144.2 458.4 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599 +(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599 +(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 470.4 S +(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F2 +(compgen)108 487.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(wor)-2.5 E(d) +-.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 499.2 R +F1(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F1(option)2.513 +E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E .981 +(accepted by the)144 511.2 R F2(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F2<ad70>3.481 E F0(and) +3.481 E F2<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the) +-3.481 F 1.415(standard output.)144 523.2 R 1.415(When using the)6.415 F +F2<ad46>3.915 E F0(or)3.915 E F2<ad43>3.915 E F0 1.415(options, the v) 3.915 F 1.415(arious shell v)-.25 F 1.415(ariables set by the pro-)-.25 -F(grammable completion f)144 612 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 -G(ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 -E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 636 R .352 +F(grammable completion f)144 535.2 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va) +-.2 G(ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.) +-.25 E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 559.2 R .352 (ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 -648 R(If)5.02 E F2(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only)2.52 -F(those completions matching)144 660 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 684 Q +571.2 R(If)5.02 E F1(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) +2.52 F(those completions matching)144 583.2 Q F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 607.2 Q (alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F1 -(complete)108 700.8 Q F0([)3.729 E F1(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.729(][)C -F1<ad6f>-3.729 E F2(comp-option)3.729 E F0 3.729(][)C F1(\255DE)-3.729 E -F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad41>-3.728 E F2(action)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad47> --3.728 E F2(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad57>-3.728 E F2(wor)3.728 -E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad46>-3.728 E F2(func-)3.728 E(tion)108 -712.8 Q F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 724.8 Q -F1<ad58>A F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad50>-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F2(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(]) -A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name ...)A F0(])A(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q -(2009 December 29)135.965 E(50)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 51 51 +(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F2 +(complete)108 624 Q F0([)3.728 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.728(][)C F2 +<ad6f>-3.728 E F1(comp-option)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F2(\255DE)-3.728 E +F0 3.728(][)C F2<ad41>-3.728 E F1(action)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F2<ad47> +-3.728 E F1(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.729(][)C F2<ad57>-3.729 E F1(wor)3.729 +E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.729(][)C F2<ad46>-3.729 E F1(func-)3.729 E(tion)108 +636 Q F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad43>-2.5 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 648 Q F2 +<ad58>A F1(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad50>-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad53>-2.5 E F1(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(]) +A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name ...)A F0(])A F2(complete \255pr)108 +660 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E +.633(Specify ho)144 672 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 G .633 +(uments to each).18 F F1(name)3.133 E F0 .633(should be completed.)3.133 +F .634(If the)5.634 F F2<ad70>3.134 E F0 .634 +(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14(options are supplied, e)144 +684 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F +.139(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.) +144 696 R(The)5.31 E F2<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F1 +(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E +F1(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.347 +(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 708 R(The)6.347 E F2 +<ad44>3.847 E F0 1.346(option indicates that the remaining options)3.847 +F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 720 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E +3('c)-.74 G .5(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(51)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 52 52 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(complete \255pr)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.634(Specify ho)144 96 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634 -(uments to each).18 F F2(name)3.134 E F0 .634(should be completed.)3.134 -F .633(If the)5.634 F F1<ad70>3.133 E F0 .633 -(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139(options are supplied, e)144 -108 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F -.14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.)144 -120 R(The)5.31 E F1<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F2(name) -2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F2 -(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.346 -(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 132 R(The)6.347 E F1 -<ad44>3.847 E F0 1.347(option indicates that the remaining options)3.847 -F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 144 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E -3('c)-.74 G .5(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F -3.455(ac)144 156 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F -.955(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F1<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955 -(option indicates that)3.455 F .065 -(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 168 R(`empty') --.74 E 2.564('c)-.74 G .064(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.564 F -(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 180 Q 1.437 +-.35 E 3.455(ac)144 84 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre) +-3.455 F .955(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955(option indicates that)3.455 F .064 +(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 96 R(`empty') +-.74 E 2.565('c)-.74 G .065(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.565 F +(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 108 Q 1.438 (The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 -204 R 1.438(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 216 Q +132 R 1.437(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 144 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E -F0(.)A .556(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 240 R .856 -.15(ve t) +F0(.)A .555(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 168 R .855 -.15(ve t) -.2 H .555(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F -.555(guments to the)-.18 F F1<ad47>3.055 E F0(,)A F1<ad57>3.055 E F0 -3.055(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F1<ad58>3.055 E F0 .722 -(options \(and, if necessary)144 252 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F1 -<ad50>3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E F1<ad53>3.222 E F0 .723 -(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion before the)144 264 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1<ad6f>144 276 Q F2 -(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 288 Q F2(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291 -(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') -.15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 -(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 300 Q F2 -(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 312 Q F0 -.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 324 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0 -.281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 336 Q -F1(default)184 348 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')10 F 5.376(sd)-.55 G(ef) --5.376 E 2.875(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no) --.1 F(matches.)224 360 Q F1(dir)184 372 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform direc\ -tory name completion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 384 Q F1 -(\214lenames)184 396 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 408 S .137(ll readline that the co\ -mpspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 -G(le-)-2.637 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 420 R 2.634 -(ea)-.1 G .134(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F -.45(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 432 R .45 -(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 444 Q F1(nospace) -184 456 Q F0 -.7(Te)6.11 G .22 +.555(guments to the)-.18 F F1<ad47>3.056 E F0(,)A F1<ad57>3.056 E F0 +3.056(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F1<ad58>3.056 E F0 .723 +(options \(and, if necessary)144 180 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F1 +<ad50>3.223 E F0(and)3.223 E F1<ad53>3.223 E F0 .722 +(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E +(sion before the)144 192 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1<ad6f>144 204 Q/F2 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 216 Q F2(comp-option) +2.79 E F0 .291(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291 +(ral aspects of the compspec').15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291 +(vior be)-.2 F .291(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.) +184 228 Q F2(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 +240 Q F0 .281(Perform the rest of the def)224 252 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) +2.781 E F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F +(matches.)224 264 Q F1(default)184 276 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')10 F +5.375(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.375 E 2.876 +(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) +224 288 Q F1(dir)184 300 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\ +etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 312 Q F1(\214lenames)184 +324 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 336 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \ +\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.636 E +.134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 348 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 +(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45 +(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 360 R .45 +(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 372 Q F1(nospace) +184 384 Q F0 -.7(Te)6.11 G .22 (ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1 F -.22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 468 Q F1(plusdirs) -184 480 Q F0 1.985(After an)5.54 F 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 +.22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 396 Q F1(plusdirs) +184 408 Q F0 1.985(After an)5.54 F 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 (atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F -.584(completion is attempted and an)224 492 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 -(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 504 -Q F1<ad41>144 516 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 528 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 +.583(completion is attempted and an)224 420 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 +(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 432 +Q F1<ad41>144 444 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 456 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 (may be one of the follo)2.5 E (wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 -540 Q F0(Alias names.)20.55 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 552 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 564 Q -(ariable names.)-.25 E F1 4.7(binding Readline)184 576 R F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G -2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 588 S(iltin).2 E F0 +468 Q F0(Alias names.)20.55 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 480 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 492 Q +(ariable names.)-.25 E F1 4.7(binding Readline)184 504 R F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G +2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 516 S(iltin).2 E F0 (Names of shell b)11.85 E(uiltin commands.)-.2 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 600 -Q F0(Command names.)224 612 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 624 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 636 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 648 -Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 660 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 -672 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)6.66 E(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 -684 Q F0(Names of e)12.23 E(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 528 +Q F0(Command names.)224 540 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 552 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 564 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 576 +Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 588 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 +600 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)6.66 E(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 +612 Q F0(Names of e)12.23 E(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) -.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 -696 Q F0(File names.)27.22 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66>2.5 -E F0(.)A(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(51)185.955 E 0 -Cg EP -%%Page: 52 52 +624 Q F0(File names.)27.22 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(function)184 636 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 648 Q F1 +(gr)184 660 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)14.62 E +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad67>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184 +672 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 684 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 696 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 708 +Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(52)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 53 53 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(function)184 84 Q F0 -(Names of shell functions.)224 96 Q F1(gr)184 108 Q(oup)-.18 E F0 -(Group names.)14.62 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad67>2.5 E F0(.) -A F1(helptopic)184 120 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 132 Q F1 -(help)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 144 Q F0 -(Hostnames, as tak)224 156 Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E -/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E -F1(job)184 168 Q F0(Job names, if job control is acti)26.11 E -.15(ve) --.25 G 5(.M).15 G(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 --.1(ke)184 180 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 192 Q(ed w)-.15 E -2.5(ords. May)-.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(running)184 204 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)5.54 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 216 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.) -10.67 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt) -184 228 Q F0 -1.11(Va)14.45 G(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1 -<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.) -.2 E F1(shopt)184 240 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)16.66 E -F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 252 Q F0 -(Signal names.)14.99 E F1(stopped)184 264 Q F0 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(job)184 84 Q F0 +(Job names, if job control is acti)26.11 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G +(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 96 S +(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 108 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) +-.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184 +120 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)5.54 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 132 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)10.67 E +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 144 Q +F0 -1.11(Va)14.45 G(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E +F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 +(shopt)184 156 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)16.66 E F1 +(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 168 Q F0 +(Signal names.)14.99 E F1(stopped)184 180 Q F0 (Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)6.66 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(.) -.15 E F1(user)184 276 Q F0(User names.)21.67 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 288 S +.15 E F1(user)184 192 Q F0(User names.)21.67 E +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 204 S (riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)5.1 E 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F -(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad47>144 300 Q/F3 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007(The pathname e)184 312 R -1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F -1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 324 Q -F1<ad57>144 336 Q F3(wor)2.5 E(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 348 Q F3(wor)3.64 -E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F2 -(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and) --.25 F 2.007(each resultant w)184 360 R 2.007(ord is e)-.1 F 4.507 -(xpanded. The)-.15 F 2.008(possible completions are the members of the) -4.507 F(resultant list which match the w)184 372 Q(ord being completed.) --.1 E F1<ad43>144 384 Q F3(command)2.5 E(command)184 396 Q F0 1.056 -(is e)3.556 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 +(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 216 Q/F2 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 228 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 (vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) -184 408 Q F1<ad46>144 420 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 1.18 -(The shell function)184 432 R F3(function)3.68 E F0 1.181(is e)3.681 F +184 240 Q F1<ad46>144 252 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 1.18 +(The shell function)184 264 R F2(function)3.68 E F0 1.181(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.181(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 3.681 (vironment. When)-.4 F 1.181(it \214n-)3.681 F .932 -(ishes, the possible completions are retrie)184 444 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.432(df).15 G .932(rom the v)-3.432 F .932(alue of the)-.25 F F2 -(COMPREPL)3.431 E(Y)-.828 E F0(array)3.181 E -.25(va)184 456 S(riable.) -.25 E F1<ad58>144 468 Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 480 Q F0 -.455(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 -F .456(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 -(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 492 R 1.596 -(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 504 Q F3(\214lterpat) -3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 -(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 -(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 -(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 516 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G -(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E F1<ad50>144 528 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) -184 540 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 +(ishes, the possible completions are retrie)184 276 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.432(df).15 G .932(rom the v)-3.432 F .932(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)3.431 E(Y)-.828 E F0(array)3.181 E -.25(va)184 +288 S(riable.).25 E F1<ad47>144 300 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007 +(The pathname e)184 312 R 1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 +E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-) +-.15 F(tions.)184 324 Q F1<ad50>144 336 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) +184 348 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F --.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 552 Q F1<ad53>144 564 Q F3(suf)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 360 Q F1<ad53>144 372 Q F2(suf)2.5 E 2.81(\214x suf)-.18 F<8c78>-.18 E F0 (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 -E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E .466(The return v)144 580.8 R -.466(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 -(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.967 E F0 -(or)2.967 E F1<ad72>2.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362 -(plied without a)144 592.8 R F3(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 -(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H -1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F3(name)144 604.8 Q F0 +E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 384 Q F2(wor)2.5 E +(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 396 Q F2(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 +(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14 +(special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F 2.008 +(each resultant w)184 408 R 2.008(ord is e)-.1 F 4.508(xpanded. The)-.15 +F 2.007(possible completions are the members of the)4.508 F +(resultant list which match the w)184 420 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E +F1<ad58>144 432 Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 444 Q F0 .455 +(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F +.456(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 +(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 456 R 1.596 +(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 468 Q F2(\214lterpat) +3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 +(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 +(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 +(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 480 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G +(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 496.8 R .467 +(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 +(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.966 E F0 +(or)2.966 E F1<ad72>2.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361 +(plied without a)144 508.8 R F2(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361 +(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H +1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 520.8 Q F0 (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E -F1(compopt)108 621.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3 -(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 633.6 R -F3(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F3(option)2.947 E F0 -.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution).15 E .726 -(completion if no)144 645.6 R F3(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 -(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F3(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) -C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725 -(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 657.6 Q F3(name) -3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v) -5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F3(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 -F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 669.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) -2.798 G .298(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he) +F1(compopt)108 537.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 549.6 R +F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 +.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725 +(completion if no)144 561.6 R F2(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 +(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) +C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726 +(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 573.6 Q F2(name) +3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v) +5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 +F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 585.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) +2.797 G .297(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he) -5.297 E F1<ad44>2.797 E F0 .297 (option indicates that the remaining options should apply to)2.797 F -1.227(the `)144 681.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ +1.228(the `)144 597.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ -no)-3.727 F 2.178(completion has pre)144 693.6 R 2.178 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.178 E F1<ad45>4.678 E F0 2.177 -(option indicates that the remaining options)4.677 F(should apply to `) -144 705.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G +no)-3.728 F 2.177(completion has pre)144 609.6 R 2.177 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.177 E F1<ad45>4.677 E F0 2.178 +(option indicates that the remaining options)4.678 F(should apply to `) +144 621.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)-2.5 -E .327(The return v)108 722.4 R .327(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F --.25(va)-.4 G .327 -(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the options for a) -.25 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(52)185.955 E 0 Cg -EP -%%Page: 53 53 +E 1.388(The return v)144 645.6 R 1.388(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.387 +(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F +(options for a)144 657.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E +(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 674.4 Q F0([) +2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.753(Resume the ne)144 686.4 R 1.753 +(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A +F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1 +(select)4.254 E F0 4.254(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.614 E F0 1.754 +(is speci\214ed,)4.494 F 1.209(resume at the)144 698.4 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 +1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F4 10 +/Symbol SF<b3>3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 +(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .513 +(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 710.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.013('l)-.74 G .513(oop\) is resumed.)-3.013 F .514 +(The return v)5.514 F .514(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.014 E F0(is) +3.014 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 722.4 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 +Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(53)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 54 54 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)108 84 Q F0 -(for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E -(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(continue)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 -112.8 R 1.754(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F2 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r) -.25 E F0(,)A F2(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F2(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r) --4.254 E F2(select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F1(n)4.613 E F0 -1.753(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 124.8 R F1(n)3.709 -E F0 1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F1(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F3 -10/Symbol SF<b3>3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F1(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 -(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .514 -(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 136.8 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513 -(The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F1(n)3.013 E F0(is) -3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 148.8 Q F2(declar)108 165.6 -Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E F0 -2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F2 -(typeset)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad70> --2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..]) --2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 189.6 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.564 --.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E -F1(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.765 -(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F -.25 -(va)144 201.6 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F2<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983 -(option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982 -(alues of each)-.25 F F1(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F2 -<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 213.6 Q F1(name)3.579 E -F0(ar)3.579 E 1.079(guments, additional options are ignored.)-.18 F -(When)6.079 E F2<ad70>3.579 E F0 1.079(is supplied without)3.579 F F1 -(name)3.58 E F0(ar)3.58 E(gu-)-.18 E .151 -(ments, it will display the attrib)144 225.6 R .151(utes and v)-.2 F -.151(alues of all v)-.25 F .15(ariables ha)-.25 F .15(ving the attrib) --.2 F .15(utes speci\214ed by the)-.2 F .046(additional options.)144 -237.6 R .046(If no other options are supplied with)5.046 F F2<ad70>2.547 -E F0(,)A F2(declar)2.547 E(e)-.18 E F0 .047(will display the attrib) -2.547 F .047(utes and)-.2 F -.25(va)144 249.6 S 1.363 -(lues of all shell v).25 F 3.863(ariables. The)-.25 F F2<ad66>3.863 E F0 -1.362(option will restrict the display to shell functions.)3.863 F(The) -6.362 E F2<ad46>3.862 E F0 2.422(option inhibits the display of functio\ -n de\214nitions; only the function name and attrib)144 261.6 R 2.423 -(utes are)-.2 F 2.664(printed. If)144 273.6 R(the)2.664 E F2(extdeb) -2.664 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .164(shell option is enabled using)2.664 F F2(shopt) -2.664 E F0 2.664(,t)C .163(he source \214le name and line number)-2.664 -F 1.382(where the function is de\214ned are displayed as well.)144 285.6 -R(The)6.382 E F2<ad46>3.882 E F0 1.382(option implies)3.882 F F2<ad66> -3.882 E F0 6.382(.T)C 1.382(he follo)-6.382 F(wing)-.25 E .794 -(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 297.6 R .794 -(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .793(ute or to gi)-.2 F -1.093 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 309.6 Q(utes:)-.2 E F2 -<ad61>144 321.6 Q F0(Each)25.3 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F2(Arrays)2.5 -E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2<ad41>144 333.6 Q F0(Each) -23.08 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F2(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve) --.15 G(\).).15 E F2<ad66>144 345.6 Q F0(Use function names only)26.97 E -(.)-.65 E F2<ad69>144 357.6 Q F0 .557(The v)27.52 F .558 -(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .558 -(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 369.6 Q F0(abo) -2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v) --2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F2<ad6c>144 381.6 Q -F0 .91(When the v)27.52 F .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 -(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 -G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 393.6 R -(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F2<ad72>144 405.6 -Q F0(Mak)25.86 E(e)-.1 E F1(name)5.046 E F0 5.046(sr)C(eadonly)-5.046 E -7.546(.T)-.65 G 2.546(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.546 F -2.547(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 -417.6 Q F2<ad74>144 429.6 Q F0(Gi)26.97 E .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E -F1(name)2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F1(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E -2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F2(DEB)2.929 -E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F2(RETURN)2.929 E F0 -(traps from the calling shell.)180 441.6 Q(The trace attrib)5 E -(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F2<ad75>144 -453.6 Q F0 .909(When the v)24.74 F .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F -.909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F --.15(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 465.6 R -(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F2<ad78> -144 477.6 Q F0(Mark)25.3 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E -(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .121 -(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 494.4 R 2.621(ft)-.25 G .121 -(he attrib)-2.621 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .12 -(xceptions that)-.15 F F2(+a)2.62 E F0 .12(may not be used)2.62 F .644 -(to destro)144 506.4 R 3.144(ya)-.1 G 3.144(na)-3.144 G .644(rray v) --3.144 F .644(ariable and)-.25 F F2(+r)3.145 E F0 .645(will not remo) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(declar)108 84 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255aAfFgilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E +F1(typeset)108 96 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70> +-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..]) +-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 108 R 1.265(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.565 +-.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E +F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.764 +(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v)-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F -.25 +(va)144 120 S 3.482(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982 +(option will display the attrib)3.482 F .982(utes and v)-.2 F .983 +(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.483 E F0 5.983(.W).18 G(hen)-5.983 E F1 +<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983(is used)3.483 F(with)144 132 Q F2(name)3.58 E F0 +(ar)3.58 E 1.079(guments, additional options are ignored.)-.18 F(When) +6.079 E F1<ad70>3.579 E F0 1.079(is supplied without)3.579 F F2(name) +3.579 E F0(ar)3.579 E(gu-)-.18 E .15(ments, it will display the attrib) +144 144 R .15(utes and v)-.2 F .151(alues of all v)-.25 F .151 +(ariables ha)-.25 F .151(ving the attrib)-.2 F .151 +(utes speci\214ed by the)-.2 F .047(additional options.)144 156 R .047 +(If no other options are supplied with)5.047 F F1<ad70>2.547 E F0(,)A F1 +(declar)2.547 E(e)-.18 E F0 .046(will display the attrib)2.546 F .046 +(utes and)-.2 F -.25(va)144 168 S 1.362(lues of all shell v).25 F 3.862 +(ariables. The)-.25 F F1<ad66>3.862 E F0 1.363 +(option will restrict the display to shell functions.)3.862 F(The)6.363 +E F1<ad46>3.863 E F0 2.422(option inhibits the display of function de\ +\214nitions; only the function name and attrib)144 180 R 2.422(utes are) +-.2 F 2.663(printed. If)144 192 R(the)2.663 E F1(extdeb)2.663 E(ug)-.2 E +F0 .164(shell option is enabled using)2.663 F F1(shopt)2.664 E F0 2.664 +(,t)C .164(he source \214le name and line number)-2.664 F 1.288 +(where the function is de\214ned are displayed as well.)144 204 R(The) +6.288 E F1<ad46>3.788 E F0 1.288(option implies)3.788 F F1<ad66>3.788 E +F0 6.288(.T)C(he)-6.288 E F1<ad67>3.788 E F0(option)3.788 E .49 +(forces v)144 216 R .49 +(ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.991(nw).15 G(hen)-2.991 E F1(declar)2.991 E(e)-.18 E F0 +.491(is e)2.991 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .491(cuted in a).15 F .125 +(shell function.)144 228 R .125(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.125 +F .125(The follo)5.125 F .124 +(wing options can be used to restrict output)-.25 F(to v)144 240 Q +(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 E(ute or to gi)-.2 E .3 -.15 +(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2 E F1<ad61>144 252 Q F0 +(Each)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 +G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad41>144 264 Q F0(Each)23.08 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see) +-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad66>144 +276 Q F0(Use function names only)26.97 E(.)-.65 E F1<ad69>144 288 Q F0 +.557(The v)27.52 F .558(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558 +(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF .558(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION) +180 300 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G +(erformed when the v)-2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E +F1<ad6c>144 312 Q F0 .91(When the v)27.52 F .909 +(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909 +(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer) +-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 324 R(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E +(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad72>144 336 Q F0(Mak)25.86 E(e)-.1 E F2 +(name)5.046 E F0 5.046(sr)C(eadonly)-5.046 E 7.546(.T)-.65 G 2.546 +(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.546 F 2.547 +(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 348 Q F1 +<ad74>144 360 Q F0(Gi)26.97 E .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name) +2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E 2.929 +(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929 E(UG) +-.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F1(RETURN)2.929 E F0(traps from the calling shell.) +180 372 Q(The trace attrib)5 E(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E +(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 384 Q F0 .909(When the v)24.74 F .909 +(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909 +(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-) +-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 396 R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E +(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad78>144 408 Q F0(Mark)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E +F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E +(vironment.)-.4 E .121(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 424.8 R +2.621(ft)-.25 G .121(he attrib)-2.621 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 +F .12(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.62 E F0 .12(may not be used)2.62 F +.644(to destro)144 436.8 R 3.144(ya)-.1 G 3.144(na)-3.144 G .644(rray v) +-3.144 F .644(ariable and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.145 E F0 .645(will not remo) 3.145 F .945 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .645(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.145 -(ute. When)-.2 F .645(used in a func-)3.145 F 1.945(tion, mak)144 518.4 -R 1.945(es each)-.1 F F1(name)4.445 E F0 1.945(local, as with the)4.445 -F F2(local)4.444 E F0 4.444(command. If)4.444 F 4.444(av)4.444 G 1.944 -(ariable name is follo)-4.694 F 1.944(wed by)-.25 F(=)144 530.4 Q F1 -(value)A F0 3.238(,t)C .738(he v)-3.238 F .738(alue of the v)-.25 F .738 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(value)3.238 E F0 5.738(.T)C .738 -(he return v)-5.738 F .739(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G -.739(lid option is).25 F .603 -(encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using)144 542.4 -R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .603(\255f foo=bar)3.103 F F0 3.103(,a)C 3.103(na) --3.103 G .603(ttempt is made to)-3.103 F 1.242(assign a v)144 554.4 R -1.242(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F 1.242 -(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F 1.243 -(alue to an array v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E 1.386 -(without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 566.4 R F2 -(Arrays)3.886 E F0(abo)3.886 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.386(\), one of the).15 F -F1(names)3.886 E F0 1.386(is not a)3.886 F -.25(va)144 578.4 S .171 -(lid shell v).25 F .171(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 -F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .172 -(ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 590.4 R 3.46(fa) --.25 G .96(rray status for an array v)-3.46 F .96 -(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 602.4 Q -(xistent function with)-.15 E F2<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(dirs [+)108 619.2 -Q F1(n)A F2 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F2 2.5(][)C(\255cplv])-2.5 E F0 --.4(Wi)144 631.2 S .328 +(ute. When)-.2 F .645(used in a func-)3.145 F 1.186(tion, mak)144 448.8 +R 1.186(es each)-.1 F F2(name)3.686 E F0 1.186(local, as with the)3.686 +F F1(local)3.686 E F0 1.186(command, unless the)3.686 F F1<ad67>3.686 E +F0 1.186(option is supplied, If a)3.686 F -.25(va)144 460.8 S .117 +(riable name is follo).25 F .118(wed by =)-.25 F F2(value)A F0 2.618(,t) +C .118(he v)-2.618 F .118(alue of the v)-.25 F .118(ariable is set to) +-.25 F F2(value)2.618 E F0 5.118(.T)C .118(he return v)-5.118 F .118 +(alue is 0)-.25 F 2.794(unless an in)144 472.8 R -.25(va)-.4 G 2.793(li\ +d option is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function usin\ +g).25 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF<ad66>5.293 E(foo=bar)144 484.8 Q F0 3.992(,a) +C 3.993(na)-3.992 G 1.493(ttempt is made to assign a v)-3.993 F 1.493 +(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F 1.493(ariable, an attempt is made to)-.25 F +1.183(assign a v)144 496.8 R 1.183(alue to an array v)-.25 F 1.183 +(ariable without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)-.25 F F1 +(Arrays)3.682 E F0(abo)144 508.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G .096(\), one of the) +.15 F F2(names)2.597 E F0 .097(is not a v)2.597 F .097(alid shell v)-.25 +F .097(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.597(fr)-.25 +G(eadonly)-2.597 E .659(status for a readonly v)144 520.8 R .658 +(ariable, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 3.158(fa)-.25 G .658 +(rray status for an array v)-3.158 F .658(ariable, or)-.25 F +(an attempt is made to display a non-e)144 532.8 Q +(xistent function with)-.15 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(dirs [+)108 549.6 +Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C(\255clpv])-2.5 E F0 +-.4(Wi)144 561.6 S .328 (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) .4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 -(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 643.2 R 1.238 -(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F2(pushd)144 655.2 Q -F0(command; the)2.5 E F2(popd)2.5 E F0(command remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.5(se).15 G(ntries from the list.)-2.5 E F2(+)144 667.2 Q F1(n)A F0 -1.564(Displays the)25.3 F F1(n)4.064 E F0 1.565 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F2 +(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 573.6 R 1.238 +(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 585.6 Q +F0(command; the)2.5 E F1(popd)2.5 E F0(command remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.5(se).15 G(ntries from the list.)-2.5 E F1(+)144 597.6 Q F2(n)A F0 +1.564(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)4.064 E F0 1.565 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F1 (dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 679.2 Q F2<ad>144 691.2 Q F1 -(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)25.3 F F1(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 +(without options, starting with zero.)180 609.6 Q F1<ad>144 621.6 Q F2 +(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F -F2(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 703.2 Q F2<ad63>144 715.2 Q F0 -(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)25.86 E -(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(53)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 54 54 +F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 633.6 Q F1<ad63>144 645.6 Q F0 +(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)25.86 E F1 +<ad6c>144 657.6 Q F0 .324(Produces a longer listing; the def)27.52 F +.324(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote the home direc-)-.1 F +(tory)180 669.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad70>144 681.6 Q F0 +(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)24.74 E F1<ad76>144 +693.6 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre\ +\214xing each entry with its inde)25.3 F 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772(nt)-2.772 +G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 705.6 Q 1.706(The return v)144 722.4 R 1.706 +(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.707 +(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)4.207 E F0(inde)4.207 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G 4.207(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-4.207 G 1.707(ond the end of the).15 F +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(54)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 55 55 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6c>144 84 Q F0 .324 -(Produces a longer listing; the def)27.52 F .324 -(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote the home direc-)-.1 F(tory) -180 96 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad70>144 108 Q F0 -(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)24.74 E F1<ad76>144 -120 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre\ -\214xing each entry with its inde)25.3 F 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772(nt)-2.772 -G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 132 Q .257(The return v)144 148.8 R .258 -(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 -(lid option is supplied or).25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)2.758 E F0 -(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258 -(ond the end of the direc-).15 F(tory stack.)144 160.8 Q F1(diso)108 -177.6 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad68>-2.5 E F0 -2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 189.6 S .295 -(thout options, each).4 F F2(jobspec)4.535 E F0 .295(is remo)3.105 F +-.35 E(directory stack.)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(diso)108 100.8 Q +(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 112.8 S +.295(thout options, each).4 F F2(jobspec)4.535 E F0 .295(is remo)3.105 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.795(df).15 G .295(rom the table of acti)-2.795 F .595 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.795(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.535 E F0 .295 -(is not present,)3.105 F .422(and neither)144 201.6 R F1<ad61>2.922 E F0 +(is not present,)3.105 F .422(and neither)144 124.8 R F1<ad61>2.922 E F0 (nor)2.922 E F1<ad72>2.922 E F0 .422(is supplied, the shell')2.922 F 2.922(sn)-.55 G .422(otion of the)-2.922 F F2(curr)2.923 E .423(ent job) -.37 F F0 .423(is used.)2.923 F .423(If the)5.423 F F1<ad68>2.923 E F0 -.423(option is)2.923 F(gi)144 213.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .141(n, each).15 F +.423(option is)2.923 F(gi)144 136.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .141(n, each).15 F F2(jobspec)4.381 E F0 .141(is not remo)2.951 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.641(df) .15 G .141(rom the table, b)-2.641 F .141(ut is mark)-.2 F .141 (ed so that)-.1 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)2.641 E F0 .14 -(is not sent to the)2.39 F .004(job if the shell recei)144 225.6 R -.15 +(is not sent to the)2.39 F .004(job if the shell recei)144 148.8 R -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.504(sa).15 G F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .004 (If no)4.504 F F2(jobspec)4.244 E F0 .004(is present, and neither the) 2.814 F F1<ad61>2.504 E F0 .005(nor the)2.504 F F1<ad72>2.505 E F0 .005 -(option is)2.505 F 1.229(supplied, the)144 237.6 R F2(curr)3.729 E 1.229 +(option is)2.505 F 1.229(supplied, the)144 160.8 R F2(curr)3.729 E 1.229 (ent job)-.37 F F0 1.229(is used.)3.729 F 1.229(If no)6.229 F F2 (jobspec)5.469 E F0 1.229(is supplied, the)4.039 F F1<ad61>3.729 E F0 1.228(option means to remo)3.729 F 1.528 -.15(ve o)-.15 H(r).15 E .656 -(mark all jobs; the)144 249.6 R F1<ad72>3.156 E F0 .657 +(mark all jobs; the)144 172.8 R F1<ad72>3.156 E F0 .657 (option without a)3.156 F F2(jobspec)4.897 E F0(ar)3.467 E .657 (gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F(The)5.657 E -(return v)144 261.6 Q(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0 -(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E F1(echo)108 278.4 Q +(return v)144 184.8 Q(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0 +(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E F1(echo)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.395(Output the)144 290.4 R F2(ar)2.895 E(g)-.37 E F0 .395 +.395(Output the)144 213.6 R F2(ar)2.895 E(g)-.37 E F0 .395 (s, separated by spaces, follo)B .395(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.895 (wline. The)-.25 F .394(return status is al)2.895 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .394 (ys 0.).1 F(If)5.394 E F1<ad6e>2.894 E F0 .548 -(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)144 302.4 R .548(wline is suppressed.) +(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)144 225.6 R .548(wline is suppressed.) -.25 F .548(If the)5.548 F F1<ad65>3.048 E F0 .548(option is gi)3.048 F --.15(ve)-.25 G .548(n, interpretation of the fol-).15 F(lo)144 314.4 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G .548(n, interpretation of the fol-).15 F(lo)144 237.6 Q .053(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)5.053 E F1 <ad45>2.553 E F0 .052(option disables the interpretation of these)2.552 -F 1.502(escape characters, e)144 326.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.002(no).15 G +F 1.502(escape characters, e)144 249.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.002(no).15 G 4.002(ns)-4.002 G 1.502(ystems where the)-4.002 F 4.002(ya)-.15 G 1.502 (re interpreted by def)-4.002 F 4.003(ault. The)-.1 F F1(xpg_echo)4.003 E F0(shell)4.003 E .009 -(option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)144 338.4 R +(option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)144 261.6 R F1(echo)2.509 E F0 -.15(ex)2.509 G .009(pands these escape characters) -.15 F .659(by def)144 350.4 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.659 E F0 .659 +.15 F .659(by def)144 273.6 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.659 E F0 .659 (does not interpret)3.159 F F1<adad>3.159 E F0 .659 (to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.66 E F0 .66 -(interprets the follo)3.16 F(wing)-.25 E(escape sequences:)144 362.4 Q -F1(\\a)144 374.4 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1(\\b)144 386.4 Q F0 -(backspace)27.66 E F1(\\c)144 398.4 Q F0(suppress further output)28.78 E -F1(\\e)144 410.4 Q F0(an escape character)28.78 E F1(\\f)144 422.4 Q F0 -(form feed)29.89 E F1(\\n)144 434.4 Q F0(ne)27.66 E 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine) --2.5 E F1(\\r)144 446.4 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\t)144 458.4 Q -F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1(\\v)144 470.4 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G -(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 482.4 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1(\\0)144 -494.4 Q F2(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.22 E +(interprets the follo)3.16 F(wing)-.25 E(escape sequences:)144 285.6 Q +F1(\\a)144 297.6 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1(\\b)144 309.6 Q F0 +(backspace)27.66 E F1(\\c)144 321.6 Q F0(suppress further output)28.78 E +F1(\\e)144 333.6 Q(\\E)144 345.6 Q F0(an escape character)26.55 E F1 +(\\f)144 357.6 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F1(\\n)144 369.6 Q F0(ne)27.66 E +2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 381.6 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E +F1(\\t)144 393.6 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1(\\v)144 405.6 Q F0 -.15 +(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 417.6 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1 +(\\0)144 429.6 Q F2(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.22 E (alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0 -(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 506.4 Q F2(HH)A F0 +(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 441.6 Q F2(HH)A F0 (the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E(alue is the he)-.25 E (xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) --.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(enable)108 523.2 Q F0([)2.5 E -F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E F2 -(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278 -(Enable and disable b)144 535.2 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278 -(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278 -(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833(the same name as a shell b)144 -547.2 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .834 -(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.334 -(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99(the shell normally searches for b)144 559.2 -R .989(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 -.989(is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F 1.581 -(abled; otherwise,)144 571.2 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) +-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\u)144 453.6 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 +1.507(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 465.6 R 1.506 +(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) +4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 477.6 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 489.6 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 501.6 R .547 +(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) +3.048 E(HHH)180 513.6 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G +(igits\))-2.5 E F1(enable)108 530.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C +F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 542.4 R +.278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 +(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833 +(the same name as a shell b)144 554.4 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99 +(the shell normally searches for b)144 566.4 R .989 +(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 .989 +(is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F 1.581 +(abled; otherwise,)144 578.4 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) 4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F F3 -.666(PA)4.082 -G(TH)-.189 E F0 .081(instead of the shell b)144 583.2 R .081(uiltin v) +G(TH)-.189 E F0 .081(instead of the shell b)144 590.4 R .081(uiltin v) -.2 F .081(ersion, run)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .081(enable -n test) 2.581 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F1<ad66>2.58 E F0 .08 -(option means to load the ne)2.58 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 595.2 S 1.524 +(option means to load the ne)2.58 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 602.4 S 1.524 (iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.384 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524 -(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 607.2 Q F1<ad64> +(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 614.4 Q F1<ad64> 2.867 E F0 .367(option will delete a b)2.867 F .367(uiltin pre)-.2 F .367(viously loaded with)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.866 E F0 5.366(.I)C 2.866(fn) -5.366 G(o)-2.866 E F2(name)2.866 E F0(ar)2.866 E .366(guments are gi) --.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 619.2 R F1<ad70> +-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 626.4 R F1<ad70> 2.898 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 (uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 F .399(guments, the)-.18 F .099(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 -631.2 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098 +638.4 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098 (is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .098(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F (If)5.098 E F1<ad61>2.598 E F0 1.916 -(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 643.2 R 1.916 +(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 650.4 R 1.916 (uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.879 -(enabled. If)144 655.2 R F1<ad73>2.879 E F0 .379 +(enabled. If)144 662.4 R F1<ad73>2.879 E F0 .379 (is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.879 F F2(special) 2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.878 G 2.878(iltins. The).2 F .378(return v)2.878 F -(alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 667.2 R F2(name)3.854 E F0 .994 +(alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 674.4 R F2(name)3.854 E F0 .994 (is not a shell b)3.674 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) -.2 F 3.495(wb)-.25 G .995(uiltin from a shared)-3.695 F(object.)144 -679.2 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 696 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E -F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 708 Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C .671 -(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F .67 -(This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 720 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 +686.4 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 703.2 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 +E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 715.2 Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C +.671(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F +.67(This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 727.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 +G .495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 (xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 (ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) --2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q -(2009 December 29)135.965 E(54)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 55 55 +-2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(55)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 56 56 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup @@ -6573,9 +6701,9 @@ R .454(If the)5.454 F F1<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454 -.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 720 Q F0 .004(does not specify a v)2.815 F .004 (alid job or)-.25 F F2(jobspec)4.244 E F0 .004(speci\214es a job that w) -2.814 F .004(as started without job control.)-.1 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q -(2009 December 29)135.965 E(55)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 56 56 +2.814 F .004(as started without job control.)-.1 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(56)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 57 57 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup @@ -6613,7 +6741,7 @@ BP E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043 (alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 240 Q F0 (is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G -(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 +(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 (is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 264 Q F0 2.392 (normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.892 F 2.392 (ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.393(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.893 @@ -6649,49 +6777,51 @@ E F1(getopts)144 456 Q F0 .902 3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F (options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 468 Q F1(hash)108 484.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A -.15(Fo) -144 496.8 S 3.555(re).15 G(ach)-3.555 E F2(name)3.555 E F0 3.555(,t).18 -G 1.054(he full \214le name of the command is determined by searching t\ -he directories in)-3.555 F F1($P)144 508.8 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 -.349(and remembered.)2.849 F .349(If the)5.349 F F1<ad70>2.849 E F0 .349 -(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.849 F F2 -(\214lename)4.76 E F0 .452 -(is used as the full \214le name of the command.)144 520.8 R(The)5.452 E -F1<ad72>2.952 E F0 .452(option causes the shell to for)2.952 F .452 -(get all remem-)-.18 F .592(bered locations.)144 532.8 R(The)5.592 E F1 -<ad64>3.092 E F0 .593(option causes the shell to for)3.092 F .593 -(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)3.093 E F0(.)A .021 -(If the)144 544.8 R F1<ad74>2.521 E F0 .021 -(option is supplied, the full pathname to which each)2.521 F F2(name) -2.52 E F0 .02(corresponds is printed.)2.52 F .02(If multi-)5.02 F(ple) -144 556.8 Q F2(name)3.703 E F0(ar)3.703 E 1.203 -(guments are supplied with)-.18 F F1<ad74>3.703 E F0 3.703(,t)C(he) --3.703 E F2(name)3.703 E F0 1.204 -(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.703 F(The)144 568.8 Q F1 -<ad6c>3.216 E F0 .715(option causes output to be displayed in a format \ -that may be reused as input.)3.216 F .715(If no ar)5.715 F(gu-)-.18 E -1.183(ments are gi)144 580.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.183(n, or if only).15 F -F1<ad6c>3.683 E F0 1.184 -(is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)3.684 F -(The return status is true unless a)144 592.8 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.).25 -E F1(help)108 609.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(pattern) --2.5 E F0(])A .867(Display helpful information about b)144 621.6 R .867 -(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 .866 -(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .306(help on all commands matching)144 -633.6 R F2(pattern)2.806 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 -(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .307 -(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 645.6 Q F1 -<ad64>144 657.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)24.74 E F2 -(pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 669.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) +F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858 +(Each time)144 496.8 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4 +G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F2(name) +3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 +(the directories in)144 508.8 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 +.956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 +(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .099(If the)144 520.8 +R F1<ad70>2.599 E F0 .099 +(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.599 F F2 +(\214lename)4.508 E F0 .098(is used as the full \214le name)2.778 F +1.711(of the command.)144 532.8 R(The)6.711 E F1<ad72>4.211 E F0 1.711 +(option causes the shell to for)4.211 F 1.712 +(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.712 E F1<ad64>4.212 E F0 +.833(option causes the shell to for)144 544.8 R .833 +(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I) +C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F1<ad74>3.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-) +3.333 F .703(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 556.8 R F2(name) +3.204 E F0 .704(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .704(If multiple)5.704 F +F2(name)3.204 E F0(ar)3.204 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 +568.8 R F1<ad74>3.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F2(name)3.295 E F0 +.795(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F1 +<ad6c>3.295 E F0 .795(option causes)3.295 F .934 +(output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 +580.8 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .935(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.935(n, or if).15 F(only)144 592.8 Q F1<ad6c>2.822 E F0 .322 +(is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.822 F +.321(The return status is true)5.321 F(unless a)144 604.8 Q F2(name)2.86 +E F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) +.25 E F1(help)108 621.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .866(Display helpful information about b)144 +633.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 +.867(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .307(help on all commands matching)144 +645.6 R F2(pattern)2.807 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 +(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .306 +(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 657.6 Q F1 +<ad64>144 669.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)24.74 E F2 +(pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 681.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) 21.97 E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G(ormat) --2.5 E F1<ad73>144 681.6 Q F0 +-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 693.6 Q F0 (Display only a short usage synopsis for each)26.41 E F2(pattern)2.5 E -F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)108 693.6 Q F2 -(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 -E(56)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 57 57 +F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 710.4 Q F2 +(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 +E(57)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 58 58 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup @@ -6704,13 +6834,13 @@ BP -.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 156 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F -.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 168 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F +.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 168 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 (lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.881 E(MA)144 180 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 -(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F2 -(strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.88 E(MA)144 180 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264 +(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.514 F F2 +(strftime)2.765 E F0 .265(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.02 (ciated with each displayed history entry)144 192 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G 3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 (ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 @@ -6722,67 +6852,68 @@ E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E (wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 228 Q F0 (Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)25.86 E F1<ad64>144 240 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(Delete the history entry at position) -180 252 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F1<ad61>144 264 Q F0 .598 -(Append the `)25.3 F(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.098('h)-.74 G .598 -(istory lines \(history lines entered since the be)-3.098 F .599 +180 252 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F1<ad61>144 264 Q F0 .599 +(Append the `)25.3 F(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.099('h)-.74 G .598 +(istory lines \(history lines entered since the be)-3.099 F .598 (ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)180 276 Q F0 (session\) to the history \214le.)2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 288 Q F0 .854(Read \ the history lines not already read from the history \214le into the cur\ -rent history list.)24.74 F .772 +rent history list.)24.74 F .773 (These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 300 R -.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E +.772(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.272 E F0(ses-)3.272 E (sion.)180 312 Q F1<ad72>144 324 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \ \214le and use them as the current history)25.86 E(.)-.65 E F1<ad77>144 336 Q F0(Write the current history to the history \214le, o)23.08 E -.15 (ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G(ontents.) --2.5 E F1<ad70>144 348 Q F0 .626 +-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 348 Q F0 .625 (Perform history substitution on the follo)24.74 F(wing)-.25 E F2(ar) -3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F +3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .626(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 360 R .475 (not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar) 2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F -(normal history e)180 372 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 384 Q F0 .363 -(Store the)26.41 F F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 -(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 +(normal history e)180 372 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 384 Q F0 .362 +(Store the)26.41 F F2(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(in the history list as a single entry)3.132 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .363 (he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 396 Q -.15(ve) -.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 412.8 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) +(are added.)2.77 E .146(If the)144 412.8 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) -.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 (riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) -.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 424.8 R .669 -(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 -(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 436.8 R .956 -(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 -(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .416 +.25 F .668(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 424.8 R .669 +(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.669(.W)-.55 G .669 +(hen the history)-5.669 F .956(\214le is read, lines be)144 436.8 R .956 +(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .955 +(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .415 (are interpreted as timestamps for the pre)144 448.8 R .416 -(vious history line.)-.25 F .416(The return v)5.416 F .415 +(vious history line.)-.25 F .416(The return v)5.416 F .416 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .499(option is e\ ncountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \214le\ -, an in)144 460.8 R -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)3 E(fset)-.18 E F0(is) -3 E(supplied as an ar)144 472.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0 2.5 -(,o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he history e)-2.5 E(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 -E(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad70>2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 -489.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 -E F1(jobs \255x)108 501.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs) --.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 513.6 Q .3 --.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 525.6 Q F0 +, an in)144 460.8 R -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)2.999 E(fset)-.18 E F0 +(is)2.999 E(supplied as an ar)144 472.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad64>2.5 E +F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he history e)-2.5 E +(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 E(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad70>2.5 E F0 -.1 +(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 489.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1(jobs \255x)108 501.6 Q F2(command) +2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E +(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 513.6 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5 +(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 525.6 Q F0 (List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)27.52 E F1 -<ad70>144 537.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')24.74 E 2.5 -(sp)-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad6e>144 549.6 Q F0 -.194(Display information only about jobs that ha)24.74 F .494 -.15(ve c) --.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 F .193(as last noti-)-.1 F -(\214ed of their status.)180 561.6 Q F1<ad72>144 573.6 Q F0 +<ad6e>144 537.6 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) +24.74 F .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 F +.194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 549.6 Q F1<ad70>144 +561.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')24.74 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G +(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad72>144 573.6 Q F0 (Restrict output to running jobs.)25.86 E F1<ad73>144 585.6 Q F0 (Restrict output to stopped jobs.)26.41 E(If)144 602.4 Q F2(jobspec) -4.553 E F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 -(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T) --.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 614.4 Q -.25 +4.554 E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 +(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T) +-.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 614.4 Q -.25 (va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 -E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 631.2 R F1 -<ad78>2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 +E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 631.2 R F1 +<ad78>2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 .394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) -3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394 +3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395 (with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 643.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar) 2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E @@ -6790,61 +6921,61 @@ F1(kill)108 660 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1 <ad6e>2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad>2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5 (][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1 (kill \255l)108 672 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G -(it_status).2 E F0(])A .119(Send the signal named by)144 684 R F2 -(sigspec)2.959 E F0(or)2.929 E F2(signum)2.959 E F0 .119 -(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.87 E F0(or)3.39 E F2 -(jobspec)2.62 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.46 E F0(is)2.93 E .319 -(either a case-insensiti)144 696 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319 -(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318 -(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 708 Q F2(signum)4.188 E F0 -1.349(is a signal number)4.168 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec) +(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12(Send the signal named by)144 684 R F2 +(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F2(signum)2.96 E F0 .119 +(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.869 E F0(or)3.389 E F2 +(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is)2.929 E .318 +(either a case-insensiti)144 696 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318 +(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 .319 +(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 708 Q F2(signum)4.189 E F0 +1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec) 4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 -1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 720 Q .523(gument of)-.18 F +1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 720 Q .522(gument of)-.18 F F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when).18 F F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523(n, the names) -.15 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(57)185.955 E 0 Cg +.15 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(58)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 58 58 +%%Page: 59 59 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 84 R .28 (guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 96 Q .378 -(gument to)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6c>2.878 E F0 .378 -(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.878 F .377 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .593(nated by a signal.)144 108 R +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 96 Q .377 +(gument to)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6c>2.877 E F0 .378 +(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.877 F .378 +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .594(nated by a signal.)144 108 R F2(kill)5.593 E F0 .593(returns true if at least one signal w)3.093 F -.593(as successfully sent, or f)-.1 F .594(alse if an error)-.1 F +.593(as successfully sent, or f)-.1 F .593(alse if an error)-.1 F (occurs or an in)144 120 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F2(let)108 136.8 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Each)144 148.8 Q F1(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197 -(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G -.196(luated \(see).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .196(ARITHMETIC EV)2.696 F -(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.696(\). If).15 F(the last)144 160.8 Q F1(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25 +(...])2.5 E(Each)144 148.8 Q F1(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196 +(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G +.197(luated \(see).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .197(ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F +(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 160.8 Q F1(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25 (eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F2(let)2.5 E F0 (returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F2(local)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C (..])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 189.6 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06 (gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F1(name)2.92 E F0 .06 (is created, and assigned)2.74 F F1(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he) --5.06 E F1(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 201.6 Q 3.153(yo) --.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F2(declar) -3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F2(local)3.152 E F0 .652 +-5.06 E F1(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 201.6 Q 3.152(yo) +-.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F2(declar) +3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F2(local)3.152 E F0 .653 (is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -213.6 Q F1(name)3.72 E F0 .86(to ha)3.54 F 1.16 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .861 -(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)5.861 G .861(th no operands,).4 F F2(local)144 225.6 Q F0 1.165 -(writes a list of local v)3.665 F 1.165 +213.6 Q F1(name)3.721 E F0 .861(to ha)3.541 F 1.161 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H +.861(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F +-.4(Wi)5.86 G .86(th no operands,).4 F F2(local)144 225.6 Q F0 1.164 +(writes a list of local v)3.664 F 1.165 (ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.165(It is an error to use) -6.165 F F2(local)3.664 E F0 1.164(when not)3.664 F .232 -(within a function.)144 237.6 R .233(The return status is 0 unless)5.232 +6.165 F F2(local)3.665 E F0 1.165(when not)3.665 F .233 +(within a function.)144 237.6 R .233(The return status is 0 unless)5.233 F F2(local)2.733 E F0 .233(is used outside a function, an in)2.733 F --.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1(name)3.093 E F0(is)2.913 E(supplied, or)144 +-.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1(name)3.092 E F0(is)2.912 E(supplied, or)144 249.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F2 (logout)108 266.4 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)9.33 E F2(map\214le)108 283.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad4f>-2.5 E F1 @@ -6856,21 +6987,21 @@ Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad4f>-2.5 E F1 -2.5 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad73>-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5 (][)C F2<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad75>-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad43>-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad63>-2.5 E F1 -(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A .351 +(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A .35 (Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 307.2 R -.15(xe) --.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(arr)2.85 E -(ay)-.15 E F0 2.85(,o).32 G 2.85(rf)-2.85 G .35(rom \214le descriptor) --2.85 F F1(fd)2.85 E F0 1.248(if the)144 319.2 R F2<ad75>3.748 E F0 -1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F(ariable)-.25 E F3 -(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F1(arr)3.749 E -(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,)-6.249 F(ha)144 -331.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad6e> -144 343.2 Q F0(Cop)24.74 E 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F1 -(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F1(count)2.5 E F0 -(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F2<ad4f>144 355.2 Q F0(Be)22.52 E -(gin assigning to)-.15 E F1(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x) --.15 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi) --.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F2<ad73>144 367.2 Q F0 +-.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(arr)2.851 E +(ay)-.15 E F0 2.851(,o).32 G 2.851(rf)-2.851 G .351 +(rom \214le descriptor)-2.851 F F1(fd)2.851 E F0 1.249(if the)144 319.2 +R F2<ad75>3.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 +F(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 +E F1(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,) +-6.248 F(ha)144 331.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad6e>144 343.2 Q F0(Cop)24.74 E 2.5(ya)-.1 G +2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F1(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F1 +(count)2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F2<ad4f>144 355.2 Q F0 +(Be)22.52 E(gin assigning to)-.15 E F1(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde) +2.82 E(x)-.15 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 +E 2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F2<ad73>144 367.2 Q F0 (Discard the \214rst)26.41 E F1(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F2 <ad74>144 379.2 Q F0(Remo)26.97 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing ne).15 E (wline from each line read.)-.25 E F2<ad75>144 391.2 Q F0 @@ -6880,1323 +7011,1376 @@ F2<ad43>-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad63>-2.5 E F1 2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F2<ad63>2.5 E F0 (option speci\214es)2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F2<ad63>144 415.2 Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)25.86 E F1 -(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 432 Q F2<ad43>2.968 E F0 .467 +(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 432 Q F2<ad43>2.967 E F0 .467 (is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F2<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 (he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F1 (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 -(luated, it is sup-).25 F 1.22(plied the inde)144 444 R 3.72(xo)-.15 G -3.72(ft)-3.72 G 1.22(he ne)-3.72 F 1.22 -(xt array element to be assigned as an additional ar)-.15 F(gument.)-.18 -E F1(callbac)6.22 E(k)-.2 E F0(is)3.72 E -.25(eva)144 456 S -(luated after the line is read b).25 E -(ut before the array element is assigned.)-.2 E -(If not supplied with an e)144 472.8 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F2 +(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 444 R 2.762(xo)-.15 G +2.762(ft)-2.762 G .262(he ne)-2.762 F .261(xt array element to be assig\ +ned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .274 +(as additional ar)144 456 R(guments.)-.18 E F1(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E +F0 .274(is e)2.774 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 +(luated after the line is read b).25 F .275 +(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 468 Q +(If not supplied with an e)144 484.8 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F2 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F1(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F2(map\214le)144 489.6 Q F0 1.906 +(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F2(map\214le)144 501.6 Q F0 1.906 (returns successfully unless an in)4.406 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 (lid option or option ar).25 F 1.905(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F1(arr) -4.405 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.405 E(in)144 501.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +4.405 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.405 E(in)144 513.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F1(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E -F2(popd)108 518.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 530.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799 +F2(popd)108 530.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 +2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 542.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799 (se).15 G .299(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.799 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G .3(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.479(stack, and performs a)144 -542.4 R F2(cd)3.979 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.979 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 +554.4 R F2(cd)3.979 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.979 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 (op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.478 (uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.778 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.478(he follo).15 -F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 554.4 Q F2<ad6e>144 566.4 Q F0 .551 +F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 566.4 Q F2<ad6e>144 578.4 Q F0 .551 (Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)24.74 F .551 (ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F -(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 578.4 Q F2(+)144 590.4 Q F1(n)A +(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 590.4 Q F2(+)144 602.4 Q F1(n)A F0(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F1(n)2.64 E F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F F2(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 -602.4 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 +614.4 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 (remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,) --.65 E F4(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F2<ad>144 614.4 Q F1(n)A F0 +-.65 E F4(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F2<ad>144 626.4 Q F1(n)A F0 (Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F1(n)3.759 E F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by)-.25 F F2(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5(zero. F)180 -626.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F4(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15 +638.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F4(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15 (ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F4(popd -1)2.5 -E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .644(If the)144 643.2 R F2(popd) +E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .644(If the)144 655.2 R F2(popd) 3.144 E F0 .644(command is successful, a)3.144 F F2(dirs)3.143 E F0 .643 (is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 F F2(popd)5.643 -E F0 .415(returns f)144 655.2 R .415(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G +E F0 .415(returns f)144 667.2 R .415(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .415(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.916 (,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.916 E .416(xistent direc-)-.15 F -(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 667.2 Q -(ails.)-.1 E F2(printf)108 684 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad76>A F1(var)2.5 E F0(]) -A F1(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .372 -(Write the formatted)144 696 R F1(ar)2.872 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .372 -(to the standard output under the control of the)2.872 F F1(format)2.872 -E F0 5.372(.T)C(he)-5.372 E F1(format)2.872 E F0 1.804(is a character s\ -tring which contains three types of objects: plain characters, which ar\ -e simply)144 708 R 1.859 -(copied to standard output, character escape sequences, which are con) -144 720 R -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.858(rted and copied to the).15 F(GNU Bash-4.1) -72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(58)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 59 59 +(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 679.2 Q +(ails.)-.1 E F2(printf)108 696 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad76>A F1(var)2.5 E F0(]) +A F1(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.437 +(Write the formatted)144 708 R F1(ar)3.937 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 +(to the standard output under the control of the)3.937 F F1(format)3.936 +E F0 6.436(.T)C(he)-6.436 E F2<ad76>3.936 E F0 .126 +(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 720 R(ariable)-.25 +E F1(var)2.626 E F0 .126(rather than being printed to the standard)2.626 +F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(59)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 60 60 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E 1.171(standard output, and format speci\214cations, each of whic\ -h causes printing of the ne)144 84 R 1.172(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve) --.25 G/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)144 96 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 6.274(.I)C -3.774(na)-6.274 G 1.274(ddition to the standard)-3.774 F F1(printf)3.774 -E F0 1.274(\(1\) formats,)B/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(%b)3.774 E F0(causes) -3.774 E F2(printf)3.774 E F0 1.273(to e)3.774 F 1.273(xpand backslash) --.15 F .619(escape sequences in the corresponding)144 108 R F1(ar)3.119 -E(gument)-.37 E F0(\(e)3.119 E .619(xcept that)-.15 F F2(\\c)3.119 E F0 -.62(terminates output, backslashes in)3.119 F F2<5c08>144 120 Q F0(,)A -F2(\\")2.985 E F0 2.985(,a)C(nd)-2.985 E F2(\\?)2.985 E F0 .485 -(are not remo)2.985 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .485(d, and octal escapes be).15 F -.484(ginning with)-.15 F F2(\\0)2.984 E F0 .484 -(may contain up to four digits\),)2.984 F(and)144 132 Q F2(%q)2.567 E F0 -(causes)2.567 E F2(printf)2.567 E F0 .067(to output the corresponding) -2.567 F F1(ar)2.568 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .068 -(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.568 F(input.)144 144 Q(The) -144 168 Q F2<ad76>2.904 E F0 .404 -(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)2.904 F(ariable)-.25 E -F1(var)2.904 E F0 .404(rather than being printed to the)2.904 F -(standard output.)144 180 Q(The)144 204 Q F1(format)3.423 E F0 .923 -(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.423 F F1(ar)3.423 E -(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F1(format) -3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F F1(ar)144 216 Q(guments)-.37 E F0 -.033(than are supplied, the e)2.534 F .033 +-.35 E(output.)144 84 Q(The)144 108 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(format) +3.018 E F0 .517(is a character string which contains three types of obj\ +ects: plain characters, which are)3.018 F .704(simply copied to standar\ +d output, character escape sequences, which are con)144 120 R -.15(ve) +-.4 G .704(rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and forma\ +t speci\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 132 R +.036(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F1(ar)144 144 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 +5.531(.I)C 3.031(na)-5.531 G .531(ddition to the standard)-3.031 F F1 +(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(interprets the follo)3.032 F(w-) +-.25 E(ing e)144 156 Q(xtensions:)-.15 E F2(%b)144 168 Q F0(causes)20.44 +E F2(printf)5.115 E F0 2.615(to e)5.115 F 2.615 +(xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F1(ar) +5.115 E(gument)-.37 E F0(\(e)180 180 Q .608(xcept that)-.15 F F2(\\c) +3.108 E F0 .608(terminates output, backslashes in)3.108 F F2<5c08>3.108 +E F0(,)A F2(\\")3.108 E F0 3.108(,a)C(nd)-3.108 E F2(\\?)3.108 E F0 .608 +(are not remo)3.108 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .608(d, and octal).15 F(escapes be) +180 192 Q(ginning with)-.15 E F2(\\0)2.5 E F0 +(may contain up to four digits\).)2.5 E F2(%q)144 204 Q F0(causes)20.44 +E F2(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F1(ar)2.51 +E(gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F +(input.)180 216 Q F2(%\()144 228 Q F1(datefmt)A F2(\)T)A F0(causes)180 +240 Q F2(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 +(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F1(datefmt) +4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 252 R F1 +(strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F1(ar) +2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 +(ger representing the number)-.15 F .457(of seconds since the epoch.)180 +264 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.458 H .458(special ar)3.758 F .458(gument v)-.18 F +.458(alues may be used: -1 represents the)-.25 F +(current time, and -2 represents the time the shell w)180 276 Q(as in) +-.1 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E(Ar)144 292.8 Q .464(guments to n\ +on-string format speci\214ers are treated as C constants, e)-.18 F .463 +(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.258(minus sign is allo)144 304.8 +R 1.259 +(wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) +-.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 316.8 Q(alue of the follo) +-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 333.6 Q F1(format)3.424 E +F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F1(ar)3.423 +E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F1(format) +3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F F1(ar)144 345.6 Q(guments)-.37 E +F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.533 F .033 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) -.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .033(alue or null string,) --.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 228 Q(The return v)5 E +.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .034(alue or null string,) +-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 357.6 Q(The return v)5 E (alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F2(pushd) -108 244.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C -<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A F2(pushd)108 256.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F0 -2.5(][)C F1(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the d\ -irectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 268.8 R 3.14(wt) --.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F 1.316(stack the current w)144 280.8 R 1.316 -(orking directory)-.1 F 6.316(.W)-.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.716 F 1.315 -(guments, e)-.18 F 1.315(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.815(od)-.1 G 1.315 -(irectories and)-3.815 F .871 -(returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 292.8 R 5.871(.A) --.65 G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .872(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.172 -.15 -(ve t)-.2 H .872(he follo).15 F .872(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 304.8 Q -F2<ad6e>144 316.8 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the normal change of directory w\ +108 374.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C +<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A F2(pushd)108 386.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F0 +2.5(][)C F1(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the di\ +rectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 398.4 R 3.139(wt) +-.25 G .639(op of the)-3.139 F 1.315(stack the current w)144 410.4 R +1.315(orking directory)-.1 F 6.315(.W)-.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.715 F +1.315(guments, e)-.18 F 1.316(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.816(od)-.1 G +1.316(irectories and)-3.816 F .872 +(returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 422.4 R 5.871(.A) +-.65 G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .871(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.171 -.15 +(ve t)-.2 H .871(he follo).15 F .871(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 434.4 Q +F2<ad6e>144 446.4 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the normal change of directory w\ hen adding directories to the stack, so that)24.74 F -(only the stack is manipulated.)180 328.8 Q F2(+)144 340.8 Q F1(n)A F0 -1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F1(n)3.767 E F0 1.268 -(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.268(wn by) --.25 F F2(dirs)180 352.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C -(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F2<ad>144 364.8 Q F1(n)A F0 +(only the stack is manipulated.)180 458.4 Q F2(+)144 470.4 Q F1(n)A F0 +1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F1(n)3.768 E F0 1.267 +(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267(wn by) +-.25 F F2(dirs)180 482.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C +(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F2<ad>144 494.4 Q F1(n)A F0 .92(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F1(n)3.42 E F0 .92 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 -F F2(dirs)180 376.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) --2.5 E F1(dir)144.35 388.8 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F1(dir)2.85 E F0 +F F2(dirs)180 506.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) +-2.5 E F1(dir)144.35 518.4 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F1(dir)2.85 E F0 (to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.23 E 2.5(wc)-.25 -G(urrent w)-2.5 E(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .488(If the)144 405.6 -R F2(pushd)2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F2(dirs) -2.988 E F0 .488(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489 -(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F F2(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04 -(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 417.6 R F1(dir)3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G -3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F2(pushd)3.539 E F0 -1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846(stack is empty)144 -429.6 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent directory stack ele\ -ment is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)-.15 F -(speci\214ed ne)144 441.6 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E -(ails.)-.1 E F2(pwd)108 458.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 -(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 470.4 R .845 -(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844 -(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144 -482.4 R F2<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F2 -.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F2 -(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264 -(enabled. If)144 494.4 R(the)3.264 E F2<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763 -(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264 -F .763(The return)5.763 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ - reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 506.4 R -.25(va) --.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 518.4 Q F2 -.18(re)108 535.2 S -(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F2(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F2<ad61>-3.817 E F1 -(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F2<ad64>-3.817 E F1(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817 -(][)C F2<ad69>-3.817 E F1(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F2<ad6e> --3.817 E F1(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad4e>-3.816 E -F1(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad70>-3.816 E F1(pr) -3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad74>-3.816 E F1(timeout)3.816 E F0 -3.816(][)C F2<ad75>-3.816 E F1(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 547.2 Q F1(name)A -F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from th\ -e \214le descriptor)144 559.2 R F1(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar) -3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 571.2 Q F2<ad75>2.538 E F0 .038 -(option, and the \214rst w)2.538 F .038(ord is assigned to the \214rst) --.1 F F1(name)2.539 E F0 2.539(,t).18 G .039(he second w)-2.539 F .039 -(ord to the second)-.1 F F1(name)2.539 E F0(,).18 E .42 -(and so on, with lefto)144 583.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw).15 G .42 +G(urrent w)-2.5 E(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .489(If the)144 535.2 +R F2(pushd)2.989 E F0 .489(command is successful, a)2.989 F F2(dirs) +2.988 E F0 .488(is performed as well.)2.988 F .488 +(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F F2(pushd)2.988 E F0 1.039 +(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 547.2 R F1(dir)3.889 E F0 -.1(fa)4.269 G +3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F2(pushd)3.54 E F0 +1.04(returns 0 unless the directory)3.54 F .847(stack is empty)144 559.2 +R 3.347(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.347 E .847(xistent directory stack element i\ +s speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 +571.2 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E(ails.)-.1 E F2(pwd)108 +588 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255LP)A F0(])A .844 +(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 600 R .845 +(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845 +(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144 +612 R F2<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F2 .181 +(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F2(set) +2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263(enabled. If) +144 624 R(the)3.263 E F2<ad4c>3.263 E F0 .763 +(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263 +F .764(The return)5.764 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ + reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 636 R -.25(va) +-.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 648 Q F2 -.18(re)108 664.8 S(ad) +.18 E F0([)3.816 E F2(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad61>-3.816 E F1(aname) +3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad64>-3.816 E F1(delim)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F2 +<ad69>-3.816 E F1(te)3.816 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad6e>-3.816 E F1 +(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F2<ad4e>-3.817 E F1(nc) +3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F2<ad70>-3.817 E F1(pr)3.817 E +(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F2<ad74>-3.817 E F1(timeout)3.817 E F0 3.817 +(][)C F2<ad75>-3.817 E F1(fd)3.817 E F0(])A([)108 676.8 Q F1(name)A F0 +(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from the \ +\214le descriptor)144 688.8 R F1(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar) +3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 700.8 Q F2<ad75>2.539 E F0 .039 +(option, and the \214rst w)2.539 F .038(ord is assigned to the \214rst) +-.1 F F1(name)2.538 E F0 2.538(,t).18 G .038(he second w)-2.538 F .038 +(ord to the second)-.1 F F1(name)2.538 E F0(,).18 E .42 +(and so on, with lefto)144 712.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw).15 G .42 (ords and their interv)-3.02 F .42 (ening separators assigned to the last)-.15 F F1(name)2.92 E F0 5.42(.I) -.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .54(are fe)144 595.2 R .54(wer w)-.25 -F .541(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names \ -are assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 607.2 S 2.511(lues. The).25 F .011 -(characters in)2.511 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.511 E F0 .011 +.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .541(are fe)144 724.8 R .541(wer w) +-.25 F .541(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining n\ +ames are assigned empty)-.1 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28) +135.965 E(60)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 61 61 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E -.25(va)144 84 S 2.51(lues. The).25 F .011(characters in)2.511 F +/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.511 E F0 .011 (are used to split the line into w)2.261 F 2.511(ords. The)-.1 F .011 -(backslash character \()2.511 F F2(\\)A F0 2.51(\)m)C(ay)-2.51 E 1.89 -(be used to remo)144 619.2 R 2.19 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.19 -.15(ny s).15 H -1.891(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F 1.891 +(backslash character \()2.511 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\)A F0 2.511(\)m) +C(ay)-2.511 E 1.891(be used to remo)144 96 R 2.191 -.15(ve a)-.15 H +2.191 -.15(ny s).15 H 1.891(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F 1.89 (xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F -(Options, if supplied, ha)144 631.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad61>144 643.2 Q F1(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w) -180 655.2 R 1.049 +(Options, if supplied, ha)144 108 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad61>144 120 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(aname) +2.5 E F0 1.049(The w)180 132 R 1.049 (ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) --.25 E F1(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F -F1(aname)180.33 667.2 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 --.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 -(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F2<ad64>144 679.2 Q F1(delim)2.5 E -F0(The \214rst character of)180 691.2 Q F1(delim)2.5 E F0 +-.25 E F3(aname)3.55 E F0 3.55(,s).18 G 1.05(tarting at 0.)-3.55 F F3 +(aname)180.33 144 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25 +(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F3(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 +E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F2<ad64>144 156 Q F3(delim)2.5 E F0 +(The \214rst character of)180 168 Q F3(delim)2.5 E F0 (is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E -F2<ad65>144 703.2 Q F0 .372 +F2<ad65>144 180 Q F0 .373 (If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)25.86 F F2 -.18(re) -2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E .218 -(to obtain the line.)180 715.2 R .218 -(Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 -(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E -(acti)180 727.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E -(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(59)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 60 60 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad69>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(te) -2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)10.78 E F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 -(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 -(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-) --.25 F(ing be)180 96 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 108 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har) --.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 120 S(ad).18 E F0 1.395 -(returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395 -(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394(aiting for a complete line of) --.1 F(input, b)180 132 Q(ut honor a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 -E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 -(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad4e>144 144 -Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 156 S(ad).18 E F0 1.269 -(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 E(har)-.15 E -(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27 -(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 -(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 168 R F1 -.18(re)2.775 -G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274(Delimiter characters encoun-) -5.274 F 1.002 -(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 180 R -F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)3.503 -E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read.)180 192 Q F1<ad70>144 204 Q -F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 216 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E -F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161 +2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F1(READLINE)2.872 E F0(abo)2.622 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.872(\)i).15 G 2.872(su)-2.872 G(sed)-2.872 E .218 +(to obtain the line.)180 192 R .218(Readline uses the current \(or def) +5.218 F .218(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F +(viously)-.25 E(acti)180 204 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G +(diting settings.)-2.5 E F2<ad69>144 216 Q F3(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If) +10.78 E F2 -.18(re)2.716 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 +(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F3(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 +(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .215(fer before edit-) +-.25 F(ing be)180 228 Q(gins.)-.15 E F2<ad6e>144 240 Q F3(nc)2.5 E(har) +-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 252 S(ad).18 E F0 1.394 +(returns after reading)3.894 F F3(nc)3.894 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395 +(characters rather than w)3.894 F 1.395(aiting for a complete line of) +-.1 F(input, b)180 264 Q(ut honor a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 +E F3(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 +(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2<ad4e>144 276 +Q F3(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 288 S(ad).18 E F0 1.269 +(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F3(nc)3.769 E(har)-.15 E +(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.269 +(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .274 +(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 300 R F2 -.18(re)2.775 +G(ad).18 E F0 .275(times out.)2.775 F .275(Delimiter characters encoun-) +5.275 F 1.003 +(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 312 R +F2 -.18(re)3.502 G(ad).18 E F0 1.002(to return until)3.502 F F3(nc)3.502 +E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read.)180 324 Q F2<ad70>144 336 Q +F3(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 348 Q F3(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 +1.161(on standard error)3.66 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161 (ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read) --.25 F(an)180 228 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F -(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 -<ad72>144 240 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) -25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of) --5.543 F(the line.)180 252 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G +-.25 F(an)180 360 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F +(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F2 +<ad72>144 372 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543(he backslash is considered to be part of) +-5.543 F(the line.)180 384 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G (ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.) --.25 E F1<ad73>144 264 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E -(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 -<ad74>144 276 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 288 Q F1 -.18(re)3.549 G -(ad).18 E F0 1.048(to time out and return f)3.549 F 1.048 -(ailure if a complete line of input is not read within)-.1 F F2(timeout) -180 300 Q F0(seconds.)3.496 E F2(timeout)5.996 E F0 .997 -(may be a decimal number with a fractional portion follo)3.496 F(wing) --.25 E .576(the decimal point.)180 312 R .576(This option is only ef) -5.576 F(fecti)-.25 E .876 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)3.076 G -(ad).18 E F0 .576(is reading input from a terminal,)3.076 F .141 -(pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 324 R .142 -(fect when reading from re)-.25 F .142(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.142 E -F2(timeout)2.642 E F0 .142(is 0,)2.642 F F1 -.18(re)180 336 S(ad).18 E -F0 .113(returns success if input is a)2.614 F -.25(va)-.2 G .113 -(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 2.613(,f)-.4 G .113 -(ailure otherwise.)-2.713 F(The e)180 348 Q +-.25 E F2<ad73>144 396 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E +(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F2 +<ad74>144 408 Q F3(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 420 Q F2 -.18(re)3.548 G +(ad).18 E F0 1.048(to time out and return f)3.548 F 1.048 +(ailure if a complete line of input is not read within)-.1 F F3(timeout) +180 432 Q F0(seconds.)3.497 E F3(timeout)5.997 E F0 .997 +(may be a decimal number with a fractional portion follo)3.497 F(wing) +-.25 E .576(the decimal point.)180 444 R .576(This option is only ef) +5.576 F(fecti)-.25 E .876 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F2 -.18(re)3.076 G +(ad).18 E F0 .576(is reading input from a terminal,)3.076 F .142 +(pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 456 R .142 +(fect when reading from re)-.25 F .142(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.141 E +F3(timeout)2.641 E F0 .141(is 0,)2.641 F F2 -.18(re)180 468 S(ad).18 E +F0 .113(returns success if input is a)2.613 F -.25(va)-.2 G .113 +(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 2.613(,f)-.4 G .114 +(ailure otherwise.)-2.713 F(The e)180 480 Q (xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 -E F1<ad75>144 360 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor) -14.46 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .191(If no)144 376.8 R F2(names)3.051 E F0 -.191(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.961 F(ariable) --.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.692 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(.)A F0 .192(The return code is zero,)4.692 F 1.344 -(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 388.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.844 G(ad) +E F2<ad75>144 492 Q F3(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor) +14.46 E F3(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .192(If no)144 508.8 R F3(names)3.052 E F0 +.192(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.962 F(ariable) +-.25 E F1(REPL)2.691 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .191 +(The return code is zero,)4.691 F 1.343 +(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 520.8 R F2 -.18(re)3.843 G(ad) .18 E F0 1.343 -(times out \(in which case the return code is greater than)3.844 F -(128\), or an in)144 400.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar).25 E(gument to)-.18 E F1 -<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 417.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255aA)A(pf)-.25 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E -F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 429.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2 -(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77 -(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77 -(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144 441.6 R -1.097(If the)6.097 F F1<ad66>3.597 E F0 1.097 -(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2 -(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 453.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) --.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 +(times out \(in which case the return code is greater than)3.843 F +(128\), or an in)144 532.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar).25 E(gument to)-.18 E F2 +<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F2 -.18(re)108 549.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A +F3(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 561.6 R -.15(ve) +-.25 G(n).15 E F3(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77 +(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F3(names)3.63 E F0 +.77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 +573.6 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F2<ad66>3.596 E F0 1.097 +(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F3 +(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 585.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) +-.1 F F2<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) --3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) --.25 E .538(ables to associati)144 465.6 R .838 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.038 -(rrays. If).15 F(no)3.038 E F2(name)3.398 E F0(ar)3.218 E .538 -(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .538(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70> -3.038 E F0 .537(option is supplied, a list)3.038 F .08 -(of all readonly names is printed.)144 477.6 R(The)5.08 E F1<ad70>2.58 E -F0 .081(option causes output to be displayed in a format that may)2.58 F -1.177(be reused as input.)144 489.6 R 1.177(If a v)6.177 F 1.176 -(ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.176(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 -3.676(,t)C 1.176(he v)-3.676 F 1.176(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.176 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)144 501.6 Q(d)-.37 E F0 6.205(.T)C -1.205(he return status is 0 unless an in)-6.205 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.206 -(lid option is encountered, one of the).25 F F2(names)4.066 E F0 1.206 -(is not a)3.976 F -.25(va)144 513.6 S(lid shell v).25 E -(ariable name, or)-.25 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(is supplied with a)2.5 E F2 -(name)2.86 E F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 530.4 S -(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .587 -(Causes a function to e)144 542.4 R .587(xit with the return v)-.15 F -.587(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)3.087 E F0 5.587(.I).24 G(f)-5.587 -E F2(n)3.447 E F0 .586(is omitted, the return status is)3.327 F 1.335 -(that of the last command e)144 554.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.335 +-3.334 F F2<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) +-.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 597.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 +(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F2<ad41>3.277 E +F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F3(name) +3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 609.6 R -.15(ve) +-.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F2<ad70>3.021 E F0 .521 +(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F +.521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ +to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 621.6 R(The)5.296 E F2 +<ad70>2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786 +(causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) +144 633.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 +645.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F3(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) +-3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F3(wor) +3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) +-5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) +144 657.6 R F3(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) +-.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F2<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26 +(is supplied with a)2.76 F F3(name)144.36 669.6 Q F0 +(that is not a function.)2.68 E F2 -.18(re)108 686.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +E F0([)2.5 E F3(n)A F0(])A .586(Causes a function to e)144 698.4 R .587 +(xit with the return v)-.15 F .587(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F3(n)3.087 +E F0 5.587(.I).24 G(f)-5.587 E F3(n)3.447 E F0 .587 +(is omitted, the return status is)3.327 F 1.335 +(that of the last command e)144 710.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.335 (cuted in the function body).15 F 6.335(.I)-.65 G 3.835(fu)-6.335 G 1.335(sed outside a function, b)-3.835 F 1.335(ut during)-.2 F -.15(exe) -144 566.4 S .794(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.294 E F0(\() -5.794 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.294(\)c)C .794 -(ommand, it causes the shell to stop e)-3.294 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .794 -(cuting that script).15 F .245(and return either)144 578.4 R F2(n)3.105 -E F0 .246(or the e)2.985 F .246(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .246(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .246 -(xit sta-)-.15 F .082(tus of the script.)144 590.4 R .082 -(If used outside a function and not during e)5.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .082 -(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.582 E F0 2.581(,t).833 G .081 -(he return sta-)-2.581 F 2.305(tus is f)144 602.4 R 4.805(alse. An)-.1 F -4.805(yc)-.15 G 2.305(ommand associated with the)-4.805 F F1(RETURN) -4.805 E F0 2.306(trap is e)4.806 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.306(cuted before e) -.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution).15 E(resumes after the function or script.) -144 614.4 Q F1(set)108 631.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 -E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 643.2 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option) -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 655.2 S -.836(thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F -.835(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 -(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 667.2 -R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784 -(riables cannot be).25 F 2.947(reset. In)144 679.2 R F2 .447(posix mode) -2.947 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447 -(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447 -(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.53 -(locale. When)144 691.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F -3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An) --.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F -1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 703.2 R 1.623 -(alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order) -144 715.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A -F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 --.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 -Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(60)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 61 61 +144 722.4 S .794(cution of a script by the).15 F F2(.)3.294 E F0(\() +5.794 E F2(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.294(\)c)C .794 +(ommand, it causes the shell to stop e)-3.294 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .795 +(cuting that script).15 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 +E(61)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 62 62 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad61>144 84 Q F0 .539(Automatically mark v) -29.3 F .539 -(ariables and functions which are modi\214ed or created for e)-.25 F .54 -(xport to)-.15 F(the en)184 96 Q(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E -F1<ad62>144 108 Q F0 .132 +-.35 E .246(and return either)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.106 E +F0 .246(or the e)2.986 F .246(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .246(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .245 +(xit sta-)-.15 F .081(tus of the script.)144 96 R .082 +(If used outside a function and not during e)5.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .082 +(cution of a script by).15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(.)2.582 E F0 2.582 +(,t).833 G .082(he return sta-)-2.582 F 2.306(tus is f)144 108 R 4.806 +(alse. An)-.1 F 4.806(yc)-.15 G 2.305(ommand associated with the)-4.806 +F F2(RETURN)4.805 E F0 2.305(trap is e)4.805 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.305 +(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution).15 E +(resumes after the function or script.)144 120 Q F2(set)108 136.8 Q F0 +([)2.5 E F2(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad6f>-2.5 E F1 +(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F2 +(set)108 148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(+o) +-2.5 E F1(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0 +(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 160.8 S .835(thout options, the name and v).4 F +.835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .836 +(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 +(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 172.8 +R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .783 +(riables cannot be).25 F 2.946(reset. In)144 184.8 R F1 .447(posix mode) +2.946 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447 +(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447 +(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.531 +(locale. When)144 196.8 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.531 F +3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.53(utes. An) +-.2 F 3.53(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.53 G 1.03(uments remaining).18 F 1.623 +(after option processing are treated as v)144 208.8 R 1.624 +(alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order) +144 220.8 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F2($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F2($2)2.5 E F0(,)A +F2 2.5(... $)2.5 F F1(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad61>144 232.8 Q +F0 .54(Automatically mark v)29.3 F .539 +(ariables and functions which are modi\214ed or created for e)-.25 F +.539(xport to)-.15 F(the en)184 244.8 Q +(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F2<ad62>144 256.8 Q F0 .131 (Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)28.74 F -2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E -(primary prompt.)184 120 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 -H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 132 Q F0 .51 -(Exit immediately if a)29.86 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pipeline)3.01 E -F0 .511(\(which may consist of a single)3.011 F F2 .511(simple command) -3.011 F F0 3.011(\), a)B F2(sub-)3.011 E(shell)184 144 Q F0 .872 -(command enclosed in parentheses, or one of the commands e)3.373 F -.15 +2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E +(primary prompt.)184 268.8 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) +-.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F2<ad65>144 280.8 Q F0 +.511(Exit immediately if a)29.86 F F1(pipeline)3.011 E F0 .511 +(\(which may consist of a single)3.011 F F1 .51(simple command)3.01 F F0 +3.01(\), a)B F1(sub-)3.01 E(shell)184 292.8 Q F0 .872 +(command enclosed in parentheses, or one of the commands e)3.372 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .872(cuted as part of a).15 F .399 -(command list enclosed by braces \(see)184 156 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(command list enclosed by braces \(see)184 304.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .399(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.899 F F0(abo)2.649 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.899(\)e).15 G -.399(xits with a non-zero)-3.049 F 3.969(status. The)184 168 R 1.468 -(shell does not e)3.969 F 1.468(xit if the command that f)-.15 F 1.468 -(ails is part of the command list)-.1 F .569(immediately follo)184 180 R -.569(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)3.069 E F0(or)3.069 E F1(until)3.069 E F0 --.1(ke)3.069 G(yw)-.05 E .569(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F .57 -(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)3.07 E F0(or)3.07 E F1(elif)3.07 E F0(reserv)184 -192 Q .544(ed w)-.15 F .544(ords, part of an)-.1 F 3.044(yc)-.15 G .544 -(ommand e)-3.044 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .544(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.044 E F0 -(or)3.044 E/F4 10/Symbol SF<efef>3.044 E F0 .544(list e)3.044 F .544 -(xcept the command)-.15 F(follo)184 204 Q 1.23(wing the \214nal)-.25 F -F1(&&)3.73 E F0(or)3.73 E F4<efef>3.73 E F0 3.73(,a)C 1.53 -.15(ny c) --3.73 H 1.231(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F 1.231 -(ut the last, or if the com-)-.2 F(mand')184 216 Q 3.191(sr)-.55 G .691 -(eturn v)-3.191 F .691(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .691 -(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.191 E F0 5.691(.A)C .691(trap on)-2.5 F F1(ERR) -3.19 E F0 3.19(,i)C 3.19(fs)-3.19 G .69(et, is e)-3.19 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.69(cuted before).15 F .686(the shell e)184 228 R 3.186(xits. This)-.15 -F .686(option applies to the shell en)3.186 F .686 -(vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F(viron-)-.4 E .068 -(ment separately \(see)184 240 R F3 .068(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)2.568 F -(ONMENT)-.27 E F0(abo)2.318 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .068(\), and may cause).15 -F(subshells to e)184 252 Q(xit before e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuting all the commands in the subshell.).15 E F1<ad66>144 264 Q F0 -(Disable pathname e)30.97 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad68>144 276 Q F0 2.238 -(Remember the location of commands as the)28.74 F 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.239 -(re look)-4.738 F 2.239(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.739 -(cution. This).15 F(is)4.739 E(enabled by def)184 288 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -<ad6b>144 300 Q F0 .514(All ar)28.74 F .514 +.399(xits with a non-zero)-3.049 F 3.968(status. The)184 316.8 R 1.468 +(shell does not e)3.968 F 1.468(xit if the command that f)-.15 F 1.468 +(ails is part of the command list)-.1 F .57(immediately follo)184 328.8 +R .57(wing a)-.25 F F2(while)3.07 E F0(or)3.07 E F2(until)3.07 E F0 -.1 +(ke)3.069 G(yw)-.05 E .569(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F .569 +(wing the)-.25 F F2(if)3.069 E F0(or)3.069 E F2(elif)3.069 E F0(reserv) +184 340.8 Q .909(ed w)-.15 F .909(ords, part of an)-.1 F 3.409(yc)-.15 G +.909(ommand e)-3.409 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .909(cuted in a).15 F F2(&&)3.409 +E F0(or)3.409 E F2(||)3.41 E F0 .91(list e)3.41 F .91(xcept the command) +-.15 F(follo)184 352.8 Q .05(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F2(&&)2.55 E F0(or) +2.55 E F2(||)2.55 E F0 2.55(,a)C .35 -.15(ny c)-2.55 H .049 +(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .049(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F +(s)-.55 E .372(return v)184 364.8 R .372(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15 +(ve)-.4 G .372(rted with).15 F F2(!)2.872 E F0 5.372(.A)C .372(trap on) +-2.5 F F2(ERR)2.872 E F0 2.872(,i)C 2.873(fs)-2.872 G .373(et, is e) +-2.873 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .373(cuted before the shell).15 F -.15(ex)184 +376.8 S 2.897(its. This).15 F .397(option applies to the shell en)2.897 +F .396(vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .396(vironment sepa-)-.4 F +.19(rately \(see)184 388.8 R F3 .19(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)2.69 F +(ONMENT)-.27 E F0(abo)2.44 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .19 +(\), and may cause subshells).15 F(to e)184 400.8 Q(xit before e)-.15 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting all the commands in the subshell.).15 E F2<ad66> +144 412.8 Q F0(Disable pathname e)30.97 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F2<ad68>144 +424.8 Q F0 2.239(Remember the location of commands as the)28.74 F 4.738 +(ya)-.15 G 2.238(re look)-4.738 F 2.238(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +4.738(cution. This).15 F(is)4.738 E(enabled by def)184 436.8 Q(ault.)-.1 +E F2<ad6b>144 448.8 Q F0 .513(All ar)28.74 F .514 (guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18 -F .513(vironment for a)-.4 F -(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 312 Q F1 -<ad6d>144 324 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)25.97 F .148 -(Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F -.149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .637 -(on systems that support it \(see)184 336 R F3 .636(JOB CONTR)3.136 F -(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.886 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.136(\). Background).15 F .636 -(processes run in a)3.136 F .641 -(separate process group and a line containing their e)184 348 R .642 -(xit status is printed upon their com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 360 Q F1 -<ad6e>144 372 Q F0 .653(Read commands b)28.74 F .653(ut do not e)-.2 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .653(cute them.).15 F .652 -(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 -384 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1<ad6f>144 396 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 408 Q F2 -(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F1 -(allexport)184 420 Q F0(Same as)224 432 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(braceexpand)184 444 Q F0(Same as)224 456 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(emacs)184 468 Q F0 .089(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf) -13.9 F 2.589(ace. This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E -.95(when the shell is interacti)224 480 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G -.95(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting) -3.45 E F0 2.5(option. This)224 492 R(also af)2.5 E -(fects the editing interf)-.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G -(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err)184 504 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)11.31 E -F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(errtrace)184 516 Q F0(Same as)5.03 E F1<ad45>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(functrace)184 528 Q F0(Same as)224 540 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E F0(.) -A F1(hashall)184 552 Q F0(Same as)9.43 E F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(histexpand)184 564 Q F0(Same as)224 576 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history)184 588 Q F0 .586(Enable command history)10 F 3.087(,a)-.65 G -3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) -.15 E F3(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -.587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 600 Q(ault in interacti)-.1 E -.3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 612 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657 -(The ef)224 624 R 1.657(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F6 10 -/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10)4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 636 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0 -(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 648 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 -E F0(Same as)224 660 Q F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 672 Q F0 -(Same as)5.56 E F1<ad6d>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 684 Q(ber)-.1 E F0 -(Same as)224 696 Q F1<ad43>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 708 Q F0(Same as) -11.12 E F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29) -135.965 E(61)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 62 62 +F .514(vironment for a)-.4 F +(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 460.8 Q F2 +<ad6d>144 472.8 Q F0 .149(Monitor mode.)25.97 F .149 +(Job control is enabled.)5.149 F .148(This option is on by def)5.149 F +.148(ault for interacti)-.1 F .448 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .636 +(on systems that support it \(see)184 484.8 R F3 .636(JOB CONTR)3.136 F +(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.886 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.136(\). Background).15 F .637 +(processes run in a)3.136 F .642 +(separate process group and a line containing their e)184 496.8 R .641 +(xit status is printed upon their com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 508.8 Q F2 +<ad6e>144 520.8 Q F0 .652(Read commands b)28.74 F .652(ut do not e)-.2 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .652(cute them.).15 F .653 +(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.652 F(syntax errors.)184 +532.8 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 +E F2<ad6f>144 544.8 Q F1(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 556.8 Q F1 +(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F2 +(allexport)184 568.8 Q F0(Same as)224 580.8 Q F2<ad61>2.5 E F0(.)A F2 +(braceexpand)184 592.8 Q F0(Same as)224 604.8 Q F2<ad42>2.5 E F0(.)A F2 +(emacs)184 616.8 Q F0 .089 +(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)13.9 F 2.589(ace. This) +-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95 +(when the shell is interacti)224 628.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G +.95(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F2(\255\255noediting) +3.45 E F0 2.5(option. This)224 640.8 R(also af)2.5 E +(fects the editing interf)-.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G +(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F2(err)184 652.8 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)11.31 E +F2<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(errtrace)184 664.8 Q F0(Same as)5.03 E F2<ad45> +2.5 E F0(.)A F2(functrace)184 676.8 Q F0(Same as)224 688.8 Q F2<ad54>2.5 +E F0(.)A F2(hashall)184 700.8 Q F0(Same as)9.43 E F2<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(62)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 63 63 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(noglob)184 84 Q F0(Same as)11.1 E F1<ad66> -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog)184 96 Q F0(Currently ignored.)16.66 E F1(notify) -184 108 Q F0(Same as)15 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 120 Q F0 -(Same as)6.66 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 132 Q F0(Same as)6.67 -E F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 144 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)5.14 E -F1<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 156 Q F0 1.029 -(If set, the return v)7.77 F 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F -1.03(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 168 -R 1.136 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(histexpand)184 84 Q F0(Same as)224 96 Q F1 +<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(history)184 108 Q F0 .587(Enable command history) +10 F 3.087(,a)-.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E +(Y)-.315 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F +(on by def)224 120 Q(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E F1(ignor)184 132 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.656(The ef)224 144 R 1.656 +(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) +4.157 E F0 1.657(had been e)4.157 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 +156 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) +.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 168 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 180 Q F1 +<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 192 Q F0(Same as)5.56 E F1<ad6d>2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 204 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 216 Q F1<ad43>2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 228 Q F0(Same as)11.12 E F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(noglob)184 240 Q F0(Same as)11.1 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog)184 +252 Q F0(Currently ignored.)16.66 E F1(notify)184 264 Q F0(Same as)15 E +F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 276 Q F0(Same as)6.66 E F1<ad75>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 288 Q F0(Same as)6.67 E F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(ph)184 300 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)5.14 E F1<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(pipefail)184 312 Q F0 1.03(If set, the return v)7.77 F 1.029 +(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.029 +(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 324 R +1.136 (xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) --.15 F -.15(ex)224 180 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G -(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 192 Q F0 -2.09(Change the beha)17.77 F 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 +-.15 F -.15(ex)224 336 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G +(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 348 Q F0 +2.091(Change the beha)17.77 F 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 -(fers from the)-.25 F(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 204 Q -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)A F0(\).)A F1(pri)184 216 Q(vileged) --.1 E F0(Same as)224 228 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 240 S -(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)7.33 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 252 Q F0 -1.466(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)32.22 F 3.965 -(ace. This)-.1 F 1.465(also af)3.965 F 1.465(fects the editing)-.25 F -(interf)224 264 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0 -(.)A F1(xtrace)184 276 Q F0(Same as)13.35 E F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 -294 Q F1<ad6f>3.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F2 -(option\255name)3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553 -(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184 -306 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F2(option\255name)3.572 E F0 -3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071 -(commands to recreate the current)3.571 F -(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 318 Q F1<ad70> -144 330 Q F0 -.45(Tu)28.74 G 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1 -(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV) --.27 E F0 1.072(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501 -(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 342 R 1.5 -(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 --.27(BA)184 354 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) -.855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.774 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G -.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F -(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 366 R .38 -(If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u) --.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461 -(user \(group\) id, and the)184 378 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461 -(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462 -(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 390 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 +(fers from the)-.25 F(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 360 Q +/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)A F0(\).)A F1(pri)184 372 Q(vileged) +-.1 E F0(Same as)224 384 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 396 S +(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)7.33 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 408 Q F0 +1.465(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)32.22 F 3.966 +(ace. This)-.1 F 1.466(also af)3.966 F 1.466(fects the editing)-.25 F +(interf)224 420 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0 +(.)A F1(xtrace)184 432 Q F0(Same as)13.35 E F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 +450 Q F1<ad6f>3.053 E F0 .553(is supplied with no)3.053 F F5 +(option\255name)3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .552 +(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.552 E F1(+o)184 +462 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F5(option\255name)3.571 E F0 +3.571(,as)C 1.071(eries of)-3.571 F F1(set)3.572 E F0 1.072 +(commands to recreate the current)3.572 F +(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 474 Q F1<ad70> +144 486 Q F0 -.45(Tu)28.74 G 1.072(rn on).45 F F5(privile)4.822 E -.1 +(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.342 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F +F2($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F2($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.071 +(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.5 +(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 498 R 1.501 +(vironment, and the)-.4 F F2(SHELLOPTS)4.001 E F3(,)A F2 -.27(BA)184 510 +S(SHOPTS).27 E F3(,)A F2(CDP)2.775 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F3(,)A F0 +(and)2.775 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.025 E F0 -.25(va)2.775 G .524 +(riables, if the).25 F 3.024(ya)-.15 G .524(ppear in the en)-3.024 F +(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 522 R .379 +(If the shell is started with the ef)5.379 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H .38(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .462 +(user \(group\) id, and the)184 534 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461 +(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .461 +(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 546 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394 (ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1<ad70> -2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 402 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G -.386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886 -F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F -(set to the real user and group ids.)184 414 Q F1<ad74>144 426 Q F0 +2.895 E F0 .395(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 +E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 558 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G +.387(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .386(auses the ef)-2.886 +F(fecti)-.25 E .686 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .386(ser and group ids to be).15 F +(set to the real user and group ids.)184 570 Q F1<ad74>144 582 Q F0 (Exit after reading and e)30.97 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.).15 -E F1<ad75>144 438 Q F0 -.35(Tr)28.74 G .044(eat unset v).35 F .044(aria\ +E F1<ad75>144 594 Q F0 -.35(Tr)28.74 G .043(eat unset v).35 F .044(aria\ bles and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" as an) --.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 450 R 2.682 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.682 G .183 +-.25 F .183(error when performing parameter e)184 606 R 2.683 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.683 G .182 (pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746 -(able or parameter)184 462 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 +(able or parameter)184 618 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 (he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184 -474 Q F1<ad76>144 486 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)29.3 E 2.5(ya) --.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 498 Q F0 .315(After e)29.3 F .315 -(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo) +630 Q F1<ad76>144 642 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)29.3 E 2.5(ya) +-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 654 Q F0 .315(After e)29.3 F .315 +(xpanding each)-.15 F F5 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo) 2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E -F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 510 R F1 +F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235(or arithmetic)184 666 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236 -(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0(follo) -3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 522 Q +(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F2(PS4)3.736 E F3(,)A F0(follo) +3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 678 Q (xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1 -<ad42>144 534 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578 +<ad42>144 690 Q F0 2.579(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578 (xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 546 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 558 Q F0 .214(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.714 E -F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 +-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.078(\). This).15 F 2.578(is on by)5.078 F(def)184 702 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 714 Q F0 .213(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.713 E +F0 .213(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 (xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 -2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F -3.053(tors. This)184 570 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 -(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) -.15 F(tor)184 582 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -<ad45>144 594 Q F0 .104(If set, an)27.63 F 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104(rap on) --2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 -(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 -F .838(mands e)184 606 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 -F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 -(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 618 Q F1 -<ad48>144 630 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 -(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 -F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 642 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 654 Q F0 1.164 +2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F +5.436(tors. This)184 726 R 2.936(may be o)5.436 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.936 +(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection).15 F +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(63)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 64 64 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E(operator)184 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of) +2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad45>144 96 Q F0 .103(If set, an)27.63 F +2.603(yt)-.15 G .103(rap on)-2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104 +(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603 +F .839(mands e)184 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15 +F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 120 Q F1 +<ad48>144 132 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531 +(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531 +F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 144 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 156 Q F0 1.165 (If set, the shell does not follo)28.19 F 3.664(ws)-.25 G 1.164 -(ymbolic links when e)-3.664 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165 -(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.665 E F0 2.822 -(that change the current w)184 666 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 -(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821 -(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 678 R(def)2.685 +(ymbolic links when e)-3.664 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.164 +(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.664 E F0 2.821 +(that change the current w)184 168 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 +(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.822 +(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.686(instead. By)184 180 R(def)2.686 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F -(mands which change the current directory)184 690 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144 -702 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 +(mands which change the current directory)184 192 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144 +204 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 (DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 (are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 -(substitutions, and commands e)184 714 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 +(substitutions, and commands e)184 216 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E -(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 726 Q F0 -(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 -768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(62)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 63 63 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<adad>144 84 Q F0 .401(If no ar)28.6 F .401 -(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 +(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 228 Q F0 +(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 240 Q +F0 .4(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 (his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 96 Q/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni) -.15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E -F0(.)A F1<ad>144 108 Q F0 1.944 +(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 252 Q +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad> +2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144 264 Q F0 1.945 (Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2(ar)4.444 E(g) --.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G 1.945 -(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 120 R F1 -<ad78>3.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F1<ad76>3.446 E F0 .945 -(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no) -3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B -(parameters remain unchanged.)184 132 Q .425(The options are of)144 -148.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 +-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.444(ea)-4.444 G 1.944 +(ssigned to the positional)-4.444 F 3.445(parameters. The)184 276 R F1 +<ad78>3.445 E F0(and)3.445 E F1<ad76>3.445 E F0 .945 +(options are turned of)3.445 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .946(there are no) +3.445 F F2(ar)3.446 E(g)-.37 E F0 .946(s, the positional)B +(parameters remain unchanged.)184 288 Q .425(The options are of)144 +304.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 -(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 -(to be turned of)144 160.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177 +(to be turned of)144 316.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) --.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 -(current set of options may be found in)144 172.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 +-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066 +(current set of options may be found in)144 328.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 -(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F -(is encountered.)144 184.8 Q F1(shift)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 213.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 -.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G -.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 225.6 Q F1($#)2.582 -E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082 -(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) -.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 -(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 237.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 +(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F +(is encountered.)144 340.8 Q F1(shift)108 357.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 369.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0 +.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G +.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 381.6 Q F1($#)2.583 +E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .083 +(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to) +.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06 +(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 393.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F (If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 -(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 249.6 R -.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 -.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 -(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 261.6 Q F1(shopt)108 278.4 Q F0([) +(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 405.6 R +.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0 +.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0 +(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 417.6 Q F1(shopt)108 434.4 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) --2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 290.4 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222 +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 446.4 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222 (alues of v)-.25 F .222(ariables controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F (vior)-.2 E 5.222(.W)-.55 G .222(ith no options, or with the)-5.622 F F1 <ad70>2.722 E F0 .721(option, a list of all settable options is display\ -ed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.)144 302.4 R(The) -144 314.4 Q F1<ad70>2.828 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\ -d in a form that may be reused as input.)2.828 F .327(Other options) -5.327 F(ha)144 326.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:) --.25 E F1<ad73>144 338.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5 -E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 350.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2 -(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 362.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal out\ +ed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.)144 458.4 R(The) +144 470.4 Q F1<ad70>2.827 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\ +d in a form that may be reused as input.)2.827 F .328(Other options) +5.328 F(ha)144 482.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:) +-.25 E F1<ad73>144 494.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5 +E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 506.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2 +(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 518.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal out\ put \(quiet mode\); the return status indicates whether the)24.74 F F2 -(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E .256(set or unset.)180 374.4 R .256 -(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 E F0(ar)2.756 E .256 +(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E .255(set or unset.)180 530.4 R .255 +(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 E F0(ar)2.755 E .256 (guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F1 -<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F -(all)180 386.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.) -2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 398.4 Q F0(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2 +<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F +(all)180 542.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.) +2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 554.4 Q F0(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2 (optname)2.5 E F0(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0 -(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .127 -(If either)144 415.2 R F1<ad73>2.627 E F0(or)2.627 E F1<ad75>2.627 E F0 +(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .128 +(If either)144 571.2 R F1<ad73>2.628 E F0(or)2.628 E F1<ad75>2.628 E F0 .127(is used with no)2.627 F F2(optname)2.627 E F0(ar)2.627 E .127 -(guments, the display is limited to those options which)-.18 F 1.024 -(are set or unset, respecti)144 427.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.024 -(.U)-.65 G 1.024(nless otherwise noted, the)-6.024 F F1(shopt)3.523 E F0 -1.023(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.523 F(def)144 439.2 Q(ault.) +(guments, the display is limited to those options which)-.18 F 1.023 +(are set or unset, respecti)144 583.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.023 +(.U)-.65 G 1.024(nless otherwise noted, the)-6.023 F F1(shopt)3.524 E F0 +1.024(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.524 F(def)144 595.2 Q(ault.) -.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 -456 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) -4.045 F .696 +612 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) +4.044 F .696 (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 468 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell) --.25 F(option.)144 480 Q(The list of)144 496.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 514.8 Q F0 .199 +144 624 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell) +-.25 F(option.)144 636 Q(The list of)144 652.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 +(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 670.8 Q F0 .2 (If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)11.11 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment to the)184 526.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E +(ment to the)184 682.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1(cdable_v)144 538.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 550.8 R .156 -(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155 +F1(cdable_v)144 694.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 706.8 R .155 +(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F -(name of a v)184 562.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E -(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 574.8 Q F0 -1.055 -(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a) -10.55 F F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 -(corrected. The)184 586.8 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 -(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .552(one character too man)184 598.8 R 4.352 -.65 -(y. I)-.15 H 3.052(fac).65 G .552 -(orrection is found, the corrected \214le name is printed, and)-3.052 F -(the command proceeds.)184 610.8 Q -(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F1(checkhash)144 622.8 Q F0 2.08(If set,)184 634.8 R F1(bash)4.58 -E F0 2.079(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.58 F 2.079 -(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 646.8 S(cute it.).15 E -(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E -(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 658.8 -Q F0 .448(If set,)184 670.8 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 -(lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449 -(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 682.8 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G -.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938 -(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 -(attempted without an interv)184 694.8 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 -F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 706.8 Q -.1(wa) --.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G -(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 -E(63)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 64 64 +(name of a v)184 718.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E +(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(64)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 65 65 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(checkwinsize)144 84 Q F0 .797(If set,)184 -96 R F1(bash)3.297 E F0 .797(checks the windo)3.297 F 3.297(ws)-.25 G -.796(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.297 F 3.296(,u)-.65 G -.796(pdates the)-3.296 F -.25(va)184 108 S(lues of).25 E/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(LINES)2.5 E F0(and)2.25 E F2(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F3 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)144 120 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1 -(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H -1.202(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F -(entry)184 132 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E -(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 144 Q -F0 .42(If set,)184 156 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42(changes its beha)2.92 F -.419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar) --.15 F(guments)-.18 E(to the conditional command')184 168 Q 2.5(s=)-.55 -G 2.5(~o)-2.5 G(perator)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(compat32)144 180 Q F0 1.409 -(If set,)184 192 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F -1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 -(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F -(string comparison when using the conditional command')184 204 Q 2.5 -(s<a)-.55 G(nd > operators.)-2.5 E F1(compat40)144 216 Q F0 1.41 -(If set,)184 228 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409 -(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 -(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 1.692 -(string comparison when using the conditional command')184 240 R 4.193 -(s<a)-.55 G 1.693(nd > operators and the)-4.193 F(ef)184 252 Q -(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 E F1(dirspell)144 264 Q F0 -.859(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)3.359 E F0 .858 -(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.359 F .858 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(cdspell)144 84 Q F0 1.055 +(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a) +10.55 F F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 +(corrected. The)184 96 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 +(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a) +-.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .552(one character too man)184 108 R 4.352 -.65(y. I) +-.15 H 3.052(fac).65 G .552 +(orrection is found, the corrected \214le name is printed, and)-3.052 F +(the command proceeds.)184 120 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5 +E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 132 Q F0 2.079 +(If set,)184 144 R F1(bash)4.579 E F0 2.079 +(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.579 F 2.08 +(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 156 S(cute it.).15 E +(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E +(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 168 Q +F0 .449(If set,)184 180 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 +(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448 +(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 192 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G +.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.438 F .938 +(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 +(attempted without an interv)184 204 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F +/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.703 E(al)184 216 Q -.1(wa)-.1 +G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G +(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 228 Q F0 .796(If set,)184 +240 R F1(bash)3.296 E F0 .796(checks the windo)3.296 F 3.296(ws)-.25 G +.797(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.296 F 3.297(,u)-.65 G +.797(pdates the)-3.297 F -.25(va)184 252 S(lues of).25 E F2(LINES)2.5 E +F0(and)2.25 E F2(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)144 +264 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202(attempts to sa) +3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 +(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184 +276 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E +(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 288 Q +F0 .419(If set,)184 300 R F1(bash)2.919 E F0 .419(changes its beha)2.919 +F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .42(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar) +-.15 F(guments)-.18 E(to the)184 312 Q F1([[)2.5 E F0 +(conditional command')2.5 E(s)-.55 E F1(=~)2.5 E F0(operator)2.5 E(.) +-.55 E F1(compat32)144 324 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184 336 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 +1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 +(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 1.265 +(string comparison when using the)184 348 R F1([[)3.766 E F0 1.266 +(conditional command')3.766 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)3.766 E F0(and)3.766 E F1(>) +3.766 E F0 3.766(operators. Bash)3.766 F -.15(ve)184 360 S .513 +(rsions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and).15 F/F4 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.012 E(cmp)-.37 E F0 .512 +(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the).19 F(current locale')184 372 Q 2.5 +(sc)-.55 G(ollation sequence and)-2.5 E F4(str)2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0 +(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat40)144 384 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 396 R F1(bash) +3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F +1.41(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .423 +(string comparison when using the)184 408 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 +(conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F1(>) +2.922 E F0 .422(operators \(see pre-)2.922 F(vious item\) and the ef)184 +420 Q(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 E F1(compat41)144 432 Q +F0 1.443(If set,)184 444 R F1(bash)3.943 E F0 3.943(,w)C 1.444 +(hen in posix mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter) +-3.943 F -.15(ex)184 456 S .959(pansion as a special character).15 F +5.959(.T)-.55 G .958(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.959 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.458(nn).15 G .958(umber\) and)-3.458 F .59 +(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 468 +R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F .59 +(posix mode through v)184 480 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def) +5.589 F .589(ault bash beha)-.1 F .589(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F .589 +(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 492 Q F1(dirspell)144 504 Q +F0 .858(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 +(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859 (ord completion if)-.1 F -(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 276 Q(xist.)-.15 E -F1(dotglob)144 288 Q F0 .165(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 +(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 516 Q(xist.)-.15 E +F1(dotglob)144 528 Q F0 .165(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 (includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665('i) -.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail)144 300 Q F0 1.387 -(If set, a non-interacti)7.79 F 1.687 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386 +(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail)144 540 Q F0 1.386 +(If set, a non-interacti)7.79 F 1.686 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386 (hell will not e).15 F 1.386(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.386(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 312 Q +1.387(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 552 Q (gument to the)-.18 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E (An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 -E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 324 Q F0 -.716(If set, aliases are e)184 336 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 -F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(ALIASES)3.217 E F3(.)A F0 .717 -(This option is enabled)5.217 F(by def)184 348 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 -E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(extdeb)144 360 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 -(If set, beha)184 372 Q(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E -(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 384 Q F0(The)28.5 E F1<ad46>4.251 E -F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) -4.251 G 1.751(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F -(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 396 Q -(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 408 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)28.5 +E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 564 Q F0 +.717(If set, aliases are e)184 576 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 +F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(ALIASES)3.217 E F3(.)A F0 .716 +(This option is enabled)5.217 F(by def)184 588 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 +E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(extdeb)144 600 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 +(If set, beha)184 612 Q(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E +(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 624 Q F0(The)28.5 E F1<ad46>4.25 E +F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 +G 1.751(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F +(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 636 Q +(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 648 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)28.5 F F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F -1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 420 -Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 432 Q F0 .841 -(If the command run by the)28.5 F F1(DEB)3.341 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 -(trap returns a v)3.341 F .84(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 -(exe)220 444 S .488 +1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 660 +Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 672 Q F0 .84 +(If the command run by the)28.5 F F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 +(trap returns a v)3.341 F .841(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 +(exe)220 684 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 -(sour)220 456 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins\), a call to).2 E F1 --.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0(is simulated.)2.5 E F1(4.)184 468 Q -F2 -.27(BA)28.5 G(SH_ARGC).27 E F0(and)3.154 E F2 -.27(BA)3.404 G +(sour)220 696 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins\), a call to).2 E F1 +-.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0(is simulated.)2.5 E F1(4.)184 708 Q +F2 -.27(BA)28.5 G(SH_ARGC).27 E F0(and)3.153 E F2 -.27(BA)3.403 G (SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904(are updated as described in their descriptions) -3.154 F(abo)220 480 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 492 Q F0 1.359 +3.154 F(abo)220 720 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(65)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 66 66 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(5.)184 84 Q F0 1.359 (Function tracing is enabled:)28.5 F 1.359 (command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)6.359 F(shells in)220 -504 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E/F4 10 +96 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1 (DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.) -184 516 Q F0 .805(Error tracing is enabled:)28.5 F .804 -(command substitution, shell functions, and subshells)5.805 F(in)220 528 -Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F4 -(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E(OR)-.3 E F0 -(trap.)2.5 E F1(extglob)144 540 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)8.89 F .4 +184 108 Q F0 .804(Error tracing is enabled:)28.5 F .805 +(command substitution, shell functions, and subshells)5.804 F(in)220 120 +Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F2 +(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.) +2.5 E F1(extglob)144 132 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)8.89 F .4 (xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 552 Q -F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 564 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 576 R -F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A F4(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973 -E F0(")A F4(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within) --4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G -(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 588 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 600 Q F0 -1.424(If set, patterns which f)7.77 F 1.425 -(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.425 -(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 612 S(pansion error).15 E(.) --.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 624 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.937(If set, the suf)184 636 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) --.15 F F2(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936(ariable cause w) --.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 648 R .32 -(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32 -(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.948 -(pletions. See)184 660 R F2 .448(SHELL V)2.948 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 -(abo)2.698 E .748 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 -(FIGNORE)2.947 E F3(.)A F0 .447(This option is)4.947 F(enabled by def) -184 672 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globstar)144 684 Q F0 .178(If set, the pattern) -5 F F1(**)2.678 E F0 .178(used in a pathname e)2.678 F .178 -(xpansion conte)-.15 F .179(xt will match a \214les and zero or)-.15 F -1.298(more directories and subdirectories.)184 696 R 1.298 -(If the pattern is follo)6.298 F 1.298(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.797 E F0 -3.797(,o)C 1.297(nly directories)-3.797 F(and subdirectories match.)184 -708 Q(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(64)185.955 E 0 Cg -EP -%%Page: 65 65 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(gnu_errfmt)144 84 Q F0(If set, shell error\ - messages are written in the standard GNU error message format.)184 96 Q -F1(histappend)144 108 Q F0 .676 +-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 144 Q +F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 156 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 168 R +F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A F2(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973 +E F0(")A F2(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within) +-4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G +(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 180 Q +(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 192 Q F0 +1.425(If set, patterns which f)7.77 F 1.425 +(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.424 +(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 204 S(pansion error).15 E(.) +-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 216 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 +.936(If set, the suf)184 228 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) +-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936 +(ariable cause w)-.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32 +(when performing w)184 240 R .32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32 +(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947(pletions. See)184 252 R F3 +.447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0(abo)2.697 E .747 -.15(ve f) +-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F3(FIGNORE)2.948 E/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948 F(enabled by def)184 +264 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globstar)144 276 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)5 F +F1(**)3.019 E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte) +-.15 F .518(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431 +(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 288 R .431 +(If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0 +2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(and subdirectories match.)184 +300 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 312 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ +en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 324 Q F1(histappend)144 +336 Q F0 .676 (If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -120 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILE)3.177 E F0 --.25(va)2.927 G(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 132 Q -(xits, rather than o)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1 -(histr)144 144 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 .576(If set, and)184 156 R F1 -.18(re) -3.076 G(adline).18 E F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .575(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F -.575(ailed his-)-.1 F(tory substitution.)184 168 Q F1(histv)144 180 Q -(erify)-.1 E F0 .402(If set, and)184 192 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 -E F0 .403 +348 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G +(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 360 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 372 Q(eedit)-.18 +E F0 .575(If set, and)184 384 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 +(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576 +(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F +(tory substitution.)184 396 Q F1(histv)144 408 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403 +(If set, and)184 420 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 204 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661 -(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F1 -.18(re)3.161 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 216 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E +2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 432 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 +(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 444 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 228 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 240 R F1 -.18(re)3.681 -G(adline).18 E F0 1.181(is being used,)3.681 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.182 -(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.682 F 1.381(when a w)184 -252 R 1.381(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 -(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.88 E F0(under)3.88 E -F2(READLINE)3.88 E F0(abo)184 264 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F -(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 276 Q F0(If set,) -184 288 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 +(hostcomplete)144 456 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 468 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 +G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181 +(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184 +480 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E +F3(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 492 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F +(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 504 Q F0(If set,) +184 516 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F3(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) -.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(interacti)144 300 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 -.33(If set, allo)184 312 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 +.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(interacti)144 528 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 +.33(If set, allo)184 540 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 (ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 (ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967 -(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 324 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 -H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 336 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1(lithist)144 348 Q F0 .654(If set, and the)15.55 F F1 -(cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa) -3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history) --3.155 F(with embedded ne)184 360 Q +(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 552 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 +H .967(hell \(see).15 F F3(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 +G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F(enabled by def)184 564 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 576 Q F0 1.212 +(If set, and job control is not acti)6.66 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.712(,t).15 +G 1.212(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not)-3.712 F -.15 +(exe)184 588 S(cuted in the background in the current shell en).15 E +(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 600 Q F0 .654(If set, and the)15.55 F +F1(cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654 +(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G +3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history)-3.155 F +(with embedded ne)184 612 Q (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 -(login_shell)144 372 Q F0 .486 +(login_shell)144 624 Q F0 .486 (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -384 R F2(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 396 S(lue may not be changed.).25 -E F1(mailwar)144 408 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814(If set, and a \214le that)184 -420 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 +636 R F3(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 648 S(lue may not be changed.).25 +E F1(mailwar)144 660 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814(If set, and a \214le that)184 +672 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 (is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F --.1(wa)184 432 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E -(`The mail in)-.74 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mail\214le)2.5 E F0 -(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i)-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1 -(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 444 Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 456 R F1 -.18 -(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325(is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E -F0 .324(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.824 G(TH) --.189 E F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F -(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 468 Q F1 -(nocaseglob)144 480 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 492 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436 -(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f)-.25 -H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 504 S -(pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 516 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184 -528 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) -3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 -F(while e)184 540 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 -E F1([[)2.5 E F0(conditional commands.)2.5 E F1(nullglob)144 552 Q F0 -.854(If set,)184 564 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo)3.354 E .855 +-.1(wa)184 684 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E +(`The mail in)-.74 E F2(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) +-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 696 +Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 708 R F1 -.18(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325 +(is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 +(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F3 -.666(PA)2.824 G(TH)-.189 E +F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F +(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 720 Q +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(66)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 67 67 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(nocaseglob)144 84 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 96 +R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti) +2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f)-.25 H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F +-.15(ex)184 108 S(pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion) +.1 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 120 Q F0 +1.194(If set,)184 132 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194 +(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti)3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H +1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 F(while e)184 144 Q -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1([[)2.5 E F0 +(conditional commands.)2.5 E F1(nullglob)144 156 Q F0 .854(If set,)184 +168 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo)3.354 E .855 (ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.355 G .855 (thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.355(\)t).15 G(o) --3.355 E -.15(ex)184 576 S(pand to a null string, rather than themselv) -.15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 588 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677 -(If set, the programmable completion f)184 600 R .677(acilities \(see) +-3.355 E -.15(ex)184 180 S(pand to a null string, rather than themselv) +.15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 192 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677 +(If set, the programmable completion f)184 204 R .677(acilities \(see) -.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 612 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 624 Q(omptv) --.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447(If set, prompt strings under)184 636 R 1.448 +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 216 Q +(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 228 Q(omptv) +-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447(If set, prompt strings under)184 240 R 1.448 (go parameter e)-.18 F 1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic) --.15 F -.15(ex)184 648 S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 +-.15 F -.15(ex)184 252 S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in) --.15 F F2(PR)2.67 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E -(This option is enabled by def)184 660 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 672 -S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 +-.15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.67 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(This option is enabled by def)184 264 Q(ault.)-.1 E +F1 -.18(re)144 276 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) -184 684 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 696 Q 4.178 +184 288 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 300 Q 4.178 (w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)4.178 G 1.678(lue may not be changed.).25 F 1.678(This is not reset when the startup \214les are)6.678 F -.15(exe) -184 708 S(cuted, allo).15 E(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E +184 312 S(cuted, allo).15 E(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E -(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(65)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 66 66 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(shift_v)144 84 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501 -(If set, the)184 96 R F1(shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 +F1(shift_v)144 324 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 336 R F1 +(shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 (iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502 -(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 108 Q F1(sour) -144 120 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 132 R F1(sour)3.271 E +(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 348 Q F1(sour) +144 360 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 372 R F1(sour)3.271 E (ce)-.18 E F0(\()3.271 E F1(.)A F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v) --3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH) --.189 E F0 .77(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F -(\214le supplied as an ar)184 144 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F -(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 156 Q F0 -(If set, the)184 168 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E -(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend) -108 180 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A 1.001(Suspend the e)144 192 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.001(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.501(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.502(signal. A)3.252 F 1.002 -(login shell cannot be)3.502 F .023(suspended; the)144 204 R F1<ad66> -2.523 E F0 .023(option can be used to o)2.523 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 +-3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77 +(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar) +184 384 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.) +-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 396 Q F0(If set, the)184 408 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 +E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 424.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A 1.001 +(Suspend the e)144 436.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.001 +(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G +F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.502(signal. A)3.252 F 1.002(login shell cannot be) +3.502 F .023(suspended; the)144 448.8 R F1<ad66>2.523 E F0 .023 +(option can be used to o)2.523 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 (rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .022(The return status is) -5.022 F 2.5(0u)144 216 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F1 -<ad66>2.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 E -F1(test)108 228 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 -240 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 1.15 +5.022 F 2.5(0u)144 460.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E +F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 +E F1(test)108 477.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) +108 489.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 1.15 (Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the e)6.77 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.15 (luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)3.65 G (pr).2 E F0 6.15(.E).73 G(ach)-6.15 E 1.188 -(operator and operand must be a separate ar)144 252 R 3.688 +(operator and operand must be a separate ar)144 501.6 R 3.688 (gument. Expressions)-.18 F 1.187(are composed of the primaries)3.688 F -1.889(described abo)144 264 R 2.189 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 +1.889(described abo)144 513.6 R 2.189 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 (CONDITION)4.389 E 1.889(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(test)6.389 E F0 1.89(does not accept an)4.389 F 4.39(yo)-.15 G 1.89 -(ptions, nor)-4.39 F(does it accept and ignore an ar)144 276 Q +(ptions, nor)-4.39 F(does it accept and ignore an ar)144 525.6 Q (gument of)-.18 E F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 -E .786(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 294 R .785 -(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 2.5 -(dence. The)144 306 R -.25(eva)2.5 G -(luation depends on the number of ar).25 E(guments; see belo)-.18 E -.65 -(w.)-.25 G F1(!)144 318 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.6 G -(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\() -144 330 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26(Returns the v)6.77 -F .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26 -(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 -(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 342 Q F3 -.2(ex) -144 354 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)180 366 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F3 --.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 378 S(pr1).2 E -F0<ad>2.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 390 S -(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G -(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 406.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E -F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E +E .786(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 543.6 R .785 +(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.411 +(dence. The)144 555.6 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911 +(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .912(guments; see belo)-.18 F +4.712 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .912(perator precedence is).65 F +(used when there are \214v)144 567.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G +(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 579.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E +F0 -.35(Tr)12.6 G(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E +(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 591.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 +.26(Returns the v)6.77 F .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 +5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 +(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 603.6 Q F3 -.2 +(ex)144 615.6 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 +-.35(Tr)180 627.6 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 +E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 639.6 S +(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 +651.6 S(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2 +(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 668.4 Q F0(and)2.5 E +F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E (xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E -(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 424.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) -180 436.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 448.8 S -.18 -(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 460.8 Q -(xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 -E 2.5(2a)144 472.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) -180 484.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 -F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 -(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 496.8 R .38 -(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 508.8 Q .553 -(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552 -(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552 -(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 520.8 Q -(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 532.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .023(If the second ar)180 544.8 R .023 -(gument is one of the binary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F -.324 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CON-)2.524 E(DITION)180 556.8 Q -1.478(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 1.477(the result of the e)3.727 F -1.477(xpression is the result of the binary test)-.15 F .513 -(using the \214rst and third ar)180 568.8 R .513(guments as operands.) --.18 F(The)5.513 E F1<ad61>3.013 E F0(and)3.013 E F1<ad6f>3.013 E F0 -.513(operators are considered)3.013 F .972 -(binary operators when there are three ar)180 580.8 R 3.472(guments. If) --.18 F .972(the \214rst ar)3.472 F .972(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.472 E F0 -3.472(,t)C .972(he v)-3.472 F .972(alue is)-.25 F .883(the ne)180 592.8 -R -.05(ga)-.15 G .883(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 E .884 -(gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 3.384(guments. If)-.18 -F .884(the \214rst)3.384 F(ar)180 604.8 Q .875(gument is e)-.18 F -(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.375 E F0 .875(and the third ar)3.375 F .875 -(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))3.375 E F0 3.374(,t)C .874 -(he result is the one-ar)-3.374 F(gument)-.18 E(test of the second ar) -180 616.8 Q 2.5(gument. Otherwise,)-.18 F(the e)2.5 E(xpression is f) --.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 628.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .384 -(If the \214rst ar)180 640.8 R .384(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.884 E F0 -2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .385 -(tion of the three-ar).05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385(xpression com-) --.15 F 1.648(posed of the remaining ar)180 652.8 R 4.147 -(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647 -(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E -(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 664.8 Q -.15(ve) --.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 676.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments) --.18 E 1.635(The e)180 688.8 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 -(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 -700.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(times)108 717.6 Q F0 1.229(Print the \ -accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processes run f\ -rom the shell.)13.23 F(The return status is 0.)144 729.6 Q(GNU Bash-4.1) -72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(66)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 67 67 +(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 686.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) +180 698.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(67)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 68 68 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(trap)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5 -(][)C([)-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec) -2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .702(The command)144 96 R F2(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.702(is to be read and e)3.422 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 +-.35 E 2.5(1a)144 84 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 96 Q +(xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 +E 2.5(2a)144 108 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)180 +120 R .37(gument is)-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C +.37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 +F .37(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 132 R .38 +(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 +144 Q .552(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552 +(the e)2.802 F .552(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F +.552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 156 Q +(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 168 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 180 R .236 +(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 +(If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 +(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 192 R 1.155 -.15(ve u) +-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F3(,)A +F0(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 204 R .578(xpression is the res\ +ult of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F(guments) +-.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180 216 R(The)6.332 E F1<ad61>3.832 E F0(and) +3.832 E F1<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.333 +(operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 +(three ar)180 228 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 F +.558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558 +(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 +E(gument)-.18 E .52(test using the second and third ar)180 240 R 3.021 +(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521(gument is e)-.18 F +(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.021 E F0 .521(and the third)3.021 F(ar)180 252 Q +.485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 2.985(,t)C .485 +(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485(gument test of the second ar)-.18 +F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E(wise, the e)180 264 Q +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 276 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .384(If the \214rst ar)180 288 R .384(gument is)-.18 F F1 +(!)2.884 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 +G .385(tion of the three-ar).05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385 +(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.648(posed of the remaining ar)180 300 R 4.147 +(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647 +(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E +(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 312 Q -.15(ve) +-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 324 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18 +E 1.635(The e)180 336 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va) +-.25 G 1.635(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F +(abo)180 348 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 366 Q F1(test) +2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 +E F1(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E +(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 382.8 Q F0 +1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ + processes run from the shell.)13.23 F(The return status is 0.)144 394.8 +Q F1(trap)108 411.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E/F4 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F4(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E +.702(The command)144 423.6 R F4(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 .702 +(is to be read and e)3.422 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 (cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.203(ss).15 G -(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F2(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G(f)-5.703 E F2 +(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F4(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G(f)-5.703 E F4 (ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609(absent \(and there is a single) -144 108 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E F0 -3.108(,e)C .608 +144 435.6 R F4(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E +F0 3.108(,e)C .608 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -.658(\(the v)144 120 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) --.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 -(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec) -144.34 132 Q F0 .581(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) -3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E -F0 .58(is not present and)3.3 F F1<ad70>3.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 -(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 144 R F2 -(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 F -(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 156 R F1<ad70>3.36 E -F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 +.658(\(the v)144 447.6 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +-.25 F(If)5.658 E F4(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 +(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F4(sigspec) +144.34 459.6 Q F0 .581 +(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F4(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58 +(is not present and)3.3 F F1<ad70>3.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 +(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 471.6 R +F4(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 +F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 483.6 R F1<ad70>3.36 +E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 -(signal. The)144 168 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell to\ - print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.311 -(bers. Each)144 180 R F2(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.81 +(signal. The)144 495.6 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ +to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F +4.311(bers. Each)144 507.6 R F4(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F4(signal.h)A F0 1.81 (>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E -(names are case insensiti)144 192 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -(nd the SIG pre\214x is optional.).15 E 1.648(If a)144 210 R F2(sigspec) -4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)4.148 E F0 1.648 -(\(0\) the command)3.898 F F2(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F +(names are case insensiti)144 519.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E +F2(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.648(If a)144 537.6 R F4 +(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F2(EXIT)4.148 E F0 1.648 +(\(0\) the command)3.898 F F4(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.649(xit from the shell.)-.15 F -1.649(If a)6.649 F F2(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(DEB)144 222 Q(UG) --.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.168(the command)3.418 F F2(ar) -3.998 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.168(is e)3.888 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167 -(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.167(simple command) -3.667 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.667 E F0(command,)3.667 E F2(case)3.667 E F0 -(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 234 Q F2(select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e)2.646 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)2.646 E F0 .147 +1.649(If a)6.649 F F4(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F2(DEB)144 549.6 Q +(UG)-.09 E F3(,)A F0 1.168(the command)3.418 F F4(ar)3.998 E(g)-.37 E F0 +1.168(is e)3.888 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G(ry).15 E F4 1.167(simple command)3.667 F F0(,)A F4(for)3.667 E F0 +(command,)3.667 E F4(case)3.667 E F0(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 561.6 Q F4 +(select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e)2.646 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146 +(ry arithmetic).15 F F4(for)2.646 E F0 .147 (command, and before the \214rst command e)2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .147 -(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 246 R F3 .146 +(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 573.6 R F2 .146 (SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0 -.145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 258 Q F1(shopt)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7 +.145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 585.6 Q F1(shopt)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7 (iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E(UG) --.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F2(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E F3 -(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 270 Q F2(ar)3.474 -E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 +-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F4(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E F2 +(RETURN)3.2 E F3(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 597.6 Q F4(ar) +3.474 E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 (cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F1(sour)3.143 E(ce) --.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 282 Q -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuting.).15 E .928(If a)144 300 R F2(sigspec)3.768 E F0(is)3.738 E F3 -(ERR)3.429 E F4(,)A F0 .929(the command)3.179 F F2(ar)3.759 E(g)-.37 E -F0 .929(is e)3.649 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .929(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.429(ras).15 G .929(imple command has a non\255zero)-3.429 F -.15(ex) -144 312 S 1.009(it status, subject to the follo).15 F 1.009 -(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)6.009 E F3(ERR)3.509 E F0 1.009 +-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 609.6 Q -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuting.).15 E .928(If a)144 627.6 R F4(sigspec)3.768 E F0(is) +3.738 E F2(ERR)3.429 E F3(,)A F0 .929(the command)3.179 F F4(ar)3.759 E +(g)-.37 E F0 .929(is e)3.649 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .929(cuted whene).15 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.429(ras).15 G .929(imple command has a non\255zero) +-3.429 F -.15(ex)144 639.6 S 1.009(it status, subject to the follo).15 F +1.009(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)6.009 E F2(ERR)3.509 E F0 1.009 (trap is not e)3.259 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.008(cuted if the f).15 F 1.008 (ailed com-)-.1 F .324 -(mand is part of the command list immediately follo)144 324 R .324 +(mand is part of the command list immediately follo)144 651.6 R .324 (wing a)-.25 F F1(while)2.824 E F0(or)2.824 E F1(until)2.824 E F0 -.1 -(ke)2.824 G(yw)-.05 E .324(ord, part of the test)-.1 F 1.129(in an)144 -336 R F2(if)3.639 E F0 1.129(statement, part of a command e)5.589 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.129(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.629 E F0(or)3.629 E/F5 10 -/Symbol SF<efef>3.629 E F0 1.129(list, or if the command')3.629 F 3.628 -(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.628 E -.25(va)144 348 S(lue is being in).25 E -.15 -(ve)-.4 G(rted via).15 E F1(!)2.5 E F0 5(.T)C -(hese are the same conditions obe)-5 E(yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E -(exit)-.18 E F0(option.)2.5 E 1.095 +(ke)2.824 G(yw)-.05 E .324(ord, part of the test)-.1 F .151(in an)144 +663.6 R F4(if)2.661 E F0 .151(statement, part of a command e)4.611 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .151(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)2.651 E F0(or)2.651 E F1(||) +2.651 E F0 .151(list, or if the command')2.651 F 2.651(sr)-.55 G .151 +(eturn v)-2.651 F(alue)-.25 E(is being in)144 675.6 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G +(rted via).15 E F1(!)2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(hese are the same conditions obe)-5 +E(yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(option.)2.5 E 1.095 (Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 -366 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 -(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 378 R .662 +693.6 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 +(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 705.6 R .662 (alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .661(vironment when one is) --.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 390 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 -E(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108 -406.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 418.8 S .173 -(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F2(name) -3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 +-.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 717.6 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an) +-.1 E(y)-.15 E F4(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.2) +72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(68)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 69 69 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(type)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0 +(])A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 +E -.4(Wi)144 96 S .173(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G +(ach)-2.673 E F2(name)3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 (uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F -F1<ad74>144 430.8 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F1(type)3.343 E F0 +F1<ad74>144 108 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F1(type)3.343 E F0 .843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0 (,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F2 -(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F2(name)144.36 442.8 Q F0 .086 +(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F2(name)144.36 120 Q F0 .086 (is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086 (ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F2 (name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119 -(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 454.8 R .118 +(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 132 R .118 (xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F F1<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F1(type)2.618 E F0 .855 -(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 466.8 R .855 +(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 144 R .855 (ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0 .855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if) -144 478.8 R/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141 -G .641(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E -F1<ad50>3.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F F3 -.666(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189 -E F0 .112(search for each)144 490.8 R F2(name)2.612 E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15 -(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F6 .113(type -t name)2.613 F F0 --.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I) -.18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F1<ad70>2.613 E -F0(and)144 502.8 Q F1<ad50>2.945 E F0 .445(print the hashed v)2.945 F -.444(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 F F3 --.666(PA)2.944 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .444(If the)4.944 F F1<ad61>2.944 -E F0(option)2.944 E .265(is used,)144 514.8 R F1(type)2.765 E F0 .265 -(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .265 -(cutable named).15 F F2(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 G .265 -(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .427(and functions, if and only if the) -144 526.8 R F1<ad70>2.926 E F0 .426(option is not also used.)2.926 F -.426(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .548 -(consulted when using)144 538.8 R F1<ad61>3.048 E F0 5.548(.T)C(he) --5.548 E F1<ad66>3.048 E F0 .549 -(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.048 F F1 -(command)3.049 E F0 -.2(bu)144 550.8 S(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5 E F0 +144 156 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141 G +.641(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E F1 +<ad50>3.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666 +(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(search for each)144 168 R F2(name)2.612 E +F0 2.612(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F3 .113 +(type -t name)2.613 F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2 +(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I).18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113 +(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F1<ad70>2.613 E F0(and)144 180 Q F1<ad50> +2.945 E F0 .445(print the hashed v)2.945 F .444 +(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 F F4 +-.666(PA)2.944 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .444(If the) +4.944 F F1<ad61>2.944 E F0(option)2.944 E .265(is used,)144 192 R F1 +(type)2.765 E F0 .265(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .265(cutable named).15 F F2(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 +G .265(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .427 +(and functions, if and only if the)144 204 R F1<ad70>2.926 E F0 .426 +(option is not also used.)2.926 F .426 +(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .548(consulted when using) +144 216 R F1<ad61>3.048 E F0 5.548(.T)C(he)-5.548 E F1<ad66>3.048 E F0 +.549(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.048 F F1 +(command)3.049 E F0 -.2(bu)144 228 S(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5 E F0 (returns true if all of the ar)2.5 E(guments are found, f)-.18 E -(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F1(ulimit)108 567.6 +(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F1(ulimit)108 244.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 579.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) +(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 256.8 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) -.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.943(that allo)144 591.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F +.943(that allo)144 268.8 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F (The)5.943 E F1<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 603.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208 +144 280.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208 (hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ -ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 615.6 R .425 +ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 292.8 R .425 (alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F1<ad48>2.926 E F0(nor)2.926 E F1<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426 (is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 -627.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 +304.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.741(of the special v)144 639.6 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F1 +.741(of the special v)144 316.8 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F1 (soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78 -(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 651.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 328.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 (is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 -F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 663.6 R F1<ad48>2.999 E F0 +F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 340.8 R F1<ad48>2.999 E F0 .499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499 (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F -(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 675.6 Q 2.5 +(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 352.8 Q 2.5 (alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 -<ad61>144 687.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F1<ad62>144 -699.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E -F1<ad63>144 711.6 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E -(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(67)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 68 68 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad64>144 84 Q F0 -(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E -(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 96 Q F0 -(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1<ad66>144 108 Q F0 -(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)26.97 -E F1<ad69>144 120 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)27.52 E F1 -<ad6c>144 132 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E -(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 144 Q F0 +<ad61>144 364.8 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F1<ad62>144 +376.8 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E +F1<ad63>144 388.8 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E +F1<ad64>144 400.8 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd) +-.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 412.8 Q F0 +(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1<ad66>144 424.8 Q +F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children) +26.97 E F1<ad69>144 436.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals) +27.52 E F1<ad6c>144 448.8 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E +(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 460.8 Q F0 (The maximum resident set size \(man)21.97 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G -(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 156 Q F0 .791(The \ -maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) +(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 472.8 Q F0 .791(Th\ +e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) 24.74 F 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F(be set\))180 -168 Q F1<ad70>144 180 Q F0 +484.8 Q F1<ad70>144 496.8 Q F0 (The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F1 -<ad71>144 192 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues) -24.74 E F1<ad72>144 204 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority) -25.86 E F1<ad73>144 216 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1<ad74>144 -228 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1<ad75>144 -240 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 252 Q F0 -(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable to the shell).25 E F1<ad78>144 264 Q F0 -(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F1<ad54>144 276 Q F0 -(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 292.8 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)2.933 E F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.343(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843(wv)-.25 G .343 +<ad71>144 508.8 Q F0 +(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)24.74 E F1<ad72>144 +520.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)25.86 E F1<ad73>144 +532.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1<ad74>144 544.8 Q F0 +(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1<ad75>144 556.8 Q +F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 568.8 Q F0 .47 +(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 F -.25(va)-.2 G .47 +(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 +580.8 Q F1<ad78>144 592.8 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E +F1<ad54>144 604.8 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 +621.6 Q F2(limit)2.933 E F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .343 +(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843(wv)-.25 G .343 (alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F1<ad61>2.843 E F0 .343 -(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F .176(option is gi) -144 304.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .176(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>2.676 E F0 .175 -(is assumed.)2.676 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175 -(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .175(xcept for)-.15 F F1 -<ad74>2.675 E F0 2.675(,w)C .175(hich is in)-2.675 F(seconds,)144 316.8 -Q F1<ad70>2.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015 -(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.515 F F1<ad54>2.516 E F0(,) -A F1<ad62>2.516 E F0(,)A F1<ad6e>2.516 E F0 2.516(,a)C(nd)-2.516 E F1 -<ad75>2.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016(hich are unscaled v)-2.516 F(al-)-.25 E -3.788(ues. The)144 328.8 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F +(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F .175(option is gi) +144 633.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .175(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>2.675 E F0 .175 +(is assumed.)2.675 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175 +(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .176(xcept for)-.15 F F1 +<ad74>2.676 E F0 2.676(,w)C .176(hich is in)-2.676 F(seconds,)144 645.6 +Q F1<ad70>2.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016 +(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.516 F F1<ad54>2.516 E F0(,) +A F1<ad62>2.515 E F0(,)A F1<ad6e>2.515 E F0 2.515(,a)C(nd)-2.515 E F1 +<ad75>2.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015(hich are unscaled v)-2.515 F(al-)-.25 E +3.787(ues. The)144 657.6 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.287(lid option or ar).25 F 1.287 (gument is supplied, or an error occurs)-.18 F(while setting a ne)144 -340.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 357.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +669.6 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 686.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 <ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2 -(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 369.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 +(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 698.4 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ -pted by)144 381.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -393.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 +pted by)144 710.4 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 +722.4 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382 (alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382 -(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 -(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 405.6 R .547 +(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(69)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 70 70 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E .547(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 84 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G -(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 -(mode)144.38 417.6 Q F0 .551 -(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 -F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 429.6 Q +(he)-3.047 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547 +(option is supplied, and)3.047 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mode)144.38 96 +Q F0 .552 +(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232 +F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 108 Q (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E (gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 -(unalias)108 446.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 458.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) +(unalias)108 124.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 136.8 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) 4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E F1<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 -F(remo)144 470.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E +F(remo)144 148.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E (alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 487.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 -(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 499.2 S 3.106 -(re).15 G(ach)-3.106 E F2(name)3.106 E F0 3.106(,r).18 G(emo)-3.106 E -.906 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .606(he corresponding v).15 F .607 -(ariable or function.)-.25 F .607(If no options are supplied, or the) -5.607 F F1<ad76>144 511.2 Q F0 .305(option is gi)2.805 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.305(n, each).15 F F2(name)3.165 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F -2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .304 -(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.304 E F1<ad66>144 523.2 Q F0 .459 -(is speci\214ed, each)2.959 F F2(name)3.319 E F0 .459 -(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.139 -F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.96(d. Each).15 F .903(unset v)144 535.2 R .903 +(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 165.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 +(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 177.6 S 3.107 +(re).15 G(ach)-3.107 E F2(name)3.107 E F0 3.107(,r).18 G(emo)-3.107 E +.907 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .607(he corresponding v).15 F .607 +(ariable or function.)-.25 F .606(If no options are supplied, or the) +5.607 F F1<ad76>144 189.6 Q F0 .304(option is gi)2.804 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)3.164 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F +2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .305 +(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.305 E F1<ad66>144 201.6 Q F0 .46 +(is speci\214ed, each)2.96 F F2(name)3.32 E F0 .459 +(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.14 +F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.959(d. Each).15 F .902(unset v)144 213.6 R .902 (ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.402(df).15 G .902 -(rom the en)-3.402 F .902(vironment passed to subsequent commands.)-.4 F -(If)5.902 E(an)144 547.2 Q 6.915(yo)-.15 G(f)-6.915 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF(COMP_W)6.915 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM) +(rom the en)-3.402 F .903(vironment passed to subsequent commands.)-.4 F +(If)5.903 E(an)144 225.6 Q 6.916(yo)-.15 G(f)-6.916 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(COMP_W)6.916 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM) 6.665 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)6.665 E F4(,)A F3(LINENO)6.665 E F4(,)A F3 -(HISTCMD)6.666 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)6.666 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)144 -559.2 Q(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.523 E F3(DIRST)2.773 E -.495(AC)-.81 +(HISTCMD)6.665 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)6.665 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)144 +237.6 Q(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.522 E F3(DIRST)2.772 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 .272(are unset, the)2.522 F 2.772(yl)-.15 G .272 (ose their special properties, e)-2.772 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.772(ni).15 G -2.772(ft)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E 2.772(ya)-.15 G .272(re subsequently) --2.772 F 2.5(reset. The)144 571.2 R -.15(ex)2.5 G +2.772(ft)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E 2.773(ya)-.15 G .273(re subsequently) +-2.773 F 2.5(reset. The)144 249.6 R -.15(ex)2.5 G (it status is true unless a).15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E -(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 588 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 2.5(n.)C(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8 -(Wa)144 600 S .288 +(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 266.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 2.5(n.)C(..)-2.5 E F0(])A +-.8(Wa)144 278.4 S .288 (it for each speci\214ed process and return its termination status.).8 F -(Each)5.288 E F2(n)3.148 E F0 .288(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722 -(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 612 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .722 -(n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.222(sp)-.55 G .722(ipeline are w) --3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E F2(n)3.582 E F0 -(is)3.462 E 1.265(not gi)144 624 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.265 -(n, all currently acti).15 F 1.565 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.265 -(hild processes are w).15 F 1.265(aited for)-.1 F 3.765(,a)-.4 G 1.266 -(nd the return status is zero.)-3.765 F(If)6.266 E F2(n)4.126 E F0 .457 -(speci\214es a non-e)144 636 R .457 +(Each)5.288 E F2(n)3.148 E F0 .287(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722 +(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 290.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +.722(n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.222(sp)-.55 G .722 +(ipeline are w)-3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E +F2(n)3.583 E F0(is)3.463 E 1.266(not gi)144 302.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.266 +(n, all currently acti).15 F 1.566 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.265 +(hild processes are w).15 F 1.265(aited for)-.1 F 3.765(,a)-.4 G 1.265 +(nd the return status is zero.)-3.765 F(If)6.265 E F2(n)4.125 E F0 .456 +(speci\214es a non-e)144 314.4 R .457 (xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F .457 -(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 648 S +(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 326.4 S (it status of the last process or job w).15 E(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E -/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 664.8 Q F0(If)108 676.8 Q -F1(bash)4.396 E F0 1.896(is started with the name)4.396 F F1(rbash)4.397 -E F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F1<ad72>4.397 E F0 1.897 -(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.897 -(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.446(restricted. A)108 688.8 R .945 -(restricted shell is used to set up an en)3.446 F .945 -(vironment more controlled than the standard shell.)-.4 F(It)5.945 E -(beha)108 700.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(si).15 G(dentically to)-2.5 E F1 +/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 343.2 Q F0(If)108 355.2 Q +F1(bash)4.397 E F0 1.897(is started with the name)4.397 F F1(rbash)4.397 +E F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F1<ad72>4.397 E F0 1.896 +(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.896 +(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.445(restricted. A)108 367.2 R .945 +(restricted shell is used to set up an en)3.445 F .946 +(vironment more controlled than the standard shell.)-.4 F(It)5.946 E +(beha)108 379.2 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(si).15 G(dentically to)-2.5 E F1 (bash)2.5 E F0(with the e)2.5 E(xception that the follo)-.15 E -(wing are disallo)-.25 E(wed or not performed:)-.25 E 32.5<8363>108 -717.6 S(hanging directories with)-32.5 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(GNU Bash-4.1)72 -768 Q(2009 December 29)135.965 E(68)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 69 69 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E 32.5<8373>108 84 S(etting or unsetting the v)-32.5 E(alues of) --.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL)2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F1 --.666(PA)2.25 G(TH)-.189 E F2(,)A F1(ENV)2.25 E F2(,)A F0(or)2.25 E F1 --.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0 32.5<8373>108 100.8 S -(pecifying command names containing)-32.5 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(/)2.5 -E F0 32.5<8373>108 117.6 S(pecifying a \214le name containing a)-32.5 E -F3(/)2.5 E F0(as an ar)2.5 E(gument to the)-.18 E F3(.)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)5 -G(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8353>108 134.4 S .351 -(pecifying a \214lename containing a slash as an ar)-32.5 F .351 -(gument to the)-.18 F F3<ad70>2.851 E F0 .351(option to the)2.851 F F3 -(hash)2.852 E F0 -.2(bu)2.852 G .352(iltin com-).2 F(mand)144 146.4 Q -32.5<8369>108 163.2 S(mporting function de\214nitions from the shell en) --32.5 E(vironment at startup)-.4 E 32.5<8370>108 180 S(arsing the v) --32.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(SHELLOPTS)2.5 E F0(from the shell en)2.25 E -(vironment at startup)-.4 E 32.5<8372>108 196.8 S(edirecting output usi\ +(wing are disallo)-.25 E(wed or not performed:)-.25 E 32.5<8363>108 396 +S(hanging directories with)-32.5 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0 32.5<8373>108 412.8 S +(etting or unsetting the v)-32.5 E(alues of)-.25 E F3(SHELL)2.5 E F4(,)A +F3 -.666(PA)2.25 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(ENV)2.25 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.25 E +F3 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0 32.5<8373>108 429.6 S +(pecifying command names containing)-32.5 E F1(/)2.5 E F0 32.5<8373>108 +446.4 S(pecifying a \214le name containing a)-32.5 E F1(/)2.5 E F0 +(as an ar)2.5 E(gument to the)-.18 E F1(.)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)5 G +(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8373>108 463.2 S .45 +(pecifying a \214lename containing a slash as an ar)-32.5 F .449 +(gument to the)-.18 F F1<ad70>2.949 E F0 .449(option to the)2.949 F F1 +(hash)2.949 E F0 -.2(bu)2.949 G .449(iltin com-).2 F(mand)144 475.2 Q +32.5<8369>108 492 S(mporting function de\214nitions from the shell en) +-32.5 E(vironment at startup)-.4 E 32.5<8370>108 508.8 S(arsing the v) +-32.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(SHELLOPTS)2.5 E F0(from the shell en)2.25 E +(vironment at startup)-.4 E 32.5<8372>108 525.6 S(edirecting output usi\ ng the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirection operators)-32.5 E 32.5 -<8375>108 213.6 S(sing the)-32.5 E F3(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +<8375>108 542.4 S(sing the)-32.5 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin command to replace the shell with another command).2 E 32.5<8361> -108 230.4 S(dding or deleting b)-32.5 E(uiltin commands with the)-.2 E -F3<ad66>2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F3<ad64>2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F3 -(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8355>108 247.2 S -(sing the)-32.5 E F3(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +108 559.2 S(dding or deleting b)-32.5 E(uiltin commands with the)-.2 E +F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 +(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8375>108 576 S +(sing the)-32.5 E F1(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin command to enable disabled shell b).2 E(uiltins)-.2 E 32.5<8373> -108 264 S(pecifying the)-32.5 E F3<ad70>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F3 -(command)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8374>108 280.8 S -(urning of)-32.5 E 2.5(fr)-.25 G(estricted mode with)-2.5 E F3(set +r) -2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F3(set +o r)2.5 E(estricted)-.18 E F0(.)A -(These restrictions are enforced after an)108 297.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G +108 592.8 S(pecifying 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E(chet.rame)108 657.6 Q(y@case.edu)-.15 E F4 -.11(BU)72 -674.4 S 2.738(GR).11 G(EPOR)-2.738 E(TS)-.438 E F0 .567 -(If you \214nd a b)108 686.4 R .568(ug in)-.2 F F3(bash,)3.068 E F0 .568 -(you should report it.)3.068 F .568(But \214rst, you should mak)5.568 F -3.068(es)-.1 G .568(ure that it really is a b)-3.068 F .568(ug, and)-.2 -F 5.626(that it appears in the latest v)108 698.4 R 5.625(ersion of)-.15 -F F3(bash)8.125 E F0 10.625(.T)C 5.625(he latest v)-10.625 F 5.625 -(ersion is al)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 5.625(ys a).1 F -.25(va)-.2 G 5.625 -(ilable from).25 F F5(ftp://ftp.gnu.or)108 710.4 Q(g/pub/bash/)-.37 E F0 -(.)A .41(Once you ha)108 727.2 R .71 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .41 -(etermined that a b).15 F .41(ug actually e)-.2 F .411(xists, use the) --.15 F F5(bashb)3.181 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .411(command to submit a b)3.131 F -.411(ug report.)-.2 F(If)5.411 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 29) -135.965 E(69)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 70 70 +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 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not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.) +-.15 E(There may be only one acti)108 100.8 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H +(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28) +135.965 E(72)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Trailer end %%EOF diff --git a/doc/bashref.dvi b/doc/bashref.dvi Binary files differindex 652145a..5494dbf 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.dvi +++ b/doc/bashref.dvi diff --git a/doc/bashref.html b/doc/bashref.html index d36b72b..ee63422 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.html +++ b/doc/bashref.html @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ <HTML> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> -<!-- Created on December, 29 2009 by texi2html 1.64 --> +<!-- Created on December, 28 2010 by texi2html 1.64 --> <!-- Written by: Lionel Cons <Lionel.Cons@cern.ch> (original author) Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> @@ -27,18 +27,18 @@ Send bugs and suggestions to <texi2html@mathematik.uni-kl.de> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H1>Bash Reference Manual</H1></P><P> This text is a brief description of the features that are present in -the Bash shell (version 4.1, 23 December 2009). +the Bash shell (version 4.2, 28 December 2010). </P><P> -This is Edition 4.1, last updated 23 December 2009, +This is Edition 4.2, last updated 28 December 2010, of <CITE>The GNU Bash Reference Manual</CITE>, -for <CODE>Bash</CODE>, Version 4.1. +for <CODE>Bash</CODE>, Version 4.2. </P><P> Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some @@ -60,21 +60,21 @@ reference on shell behavior. <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Some definitions used in the rest of this manual.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5">3. Basic Shell Features</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The shell "building blocks".</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands that are a part of the shell.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5. Shell Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Variables used or set by Bash.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6. Bash Features</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Features found only in Bash.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What job control is and how Bash allows you +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands that are a part of the shell.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5. Shell Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Variables used or set by Bash.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6. Bash Features</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Features found only in Bash.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7. Job Control</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What job control is and how Bash allows you to use it.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Chapter describing the command line +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8. Command Line Editing</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Chapter describing the command line editing features.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9. Using History Interactively</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Command History Expansion</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">10. Installing Bash</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to build and install Bash on your system.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">A. Reporting Bugs</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to report bugs in Bash.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A terse list of the differences +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9. Using History Interactively</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Command History Expansion</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10. Installing Bash</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to build and install Bash on your system.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">A. Reporting Bugs</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to report bugs in Bash.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A terse list of the differences between Bash and historical versions of /bin/sh.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Copying and sharing this documentation.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">D. Indexes</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Various indexes for this manual.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Copying and sharing this documentation.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">D. Indexes</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Various indexes for this manual.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ reference on shell behavior. <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <A NAME="Introduction"></A> @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ reference on shell behavior. <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 1.1 What is Bash? </H2> @@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ and Windows platforms. <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 1.2 What is a shell? </H2> @@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ described in this manual. <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H1> 2. Definitions </H1> @@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ Also referred to as an <CODE>identifier</CODE>. <DT><CODE>operator</CODE> <DD><A NAME="IDX12"></A> A <CODE>control operator</CODE> or a <CODE>redirection operator</CODE>. -See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>, for a list of redirection operators. +See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>, for a list of redirection operators. Operators contain at least one unquoted <CODE>metacharacter</CODE>. <P> @@ -376,12 +376,12 @@ Words may not include unquoted <CODE>metacharacters</CODE>. <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4"> < </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC6"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H1> 3. Basic Shell Features </H1> @@ -406,13 +406,13 @@ and to named files, and how the shell executes commands. <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC6">3.1 Shell Syntax</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What your input means to the shell.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15">3.2 Shell Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The types of commands you can use.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Grouping commands by name.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How the shell stores values.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash expands parameters and the various +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Grouping commands by name.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How the shell stores values.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5 Shell Expansions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash expands parameters and the various expansions available.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A way to control where input and output go.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50">3.7 Executing Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What happens when you run a command.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Executing files of shell commands.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A way to control where input and output go.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7 Executing Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What happens when you run a command.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">3.8 Shell Scripts</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Executing files of shell commands.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> @@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ and to named files, and how the shell executes commands. <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 3.1 Shell Syntax </H2> @@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ available for further inspection or processing. <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.1.1 Shell Operation </H3> @@ -481,16 +481,16 @@ following: <OL> <LI> -Reads its input from a file (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>), from a string +Reads its input from a file (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>), from a string supplied as an argument to the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> invocation option -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>), or from the user's terminal. +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>), or from the user's terminal. <P> <LI> Breaks the input into words and operators, obeying the quoting rules described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC8">3.1.2 Quoting</A>. These tokens are separated by <CODE>metacharacters</CODE>. Alias expansion is performed by this step -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>). <P> <LI> @@ -499,23 +499,23 @@ Parses the tokens into simple and compound commands <P> <LI> -Performs the various shell expansions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>), breaking -the expanded tokens into lists of filenames (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>) +Performs the various shell expansions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>), breaking +the expanded tokens into lists of filenames (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>) and commands and arguments. <P> <LI> -Performs any necessary redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>) and removes +Performs any necessary redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>) and removes the redirection operators and their operands from the argument list. <P> <LI> -Executes the command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50">3.7 Executing Commands</A>). +Executes the command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7 Executing Commands</A>). <P> <LI> Optionally waits for the command to complete and collects its exit -status (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.5 Exit Status</A>). +status (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.5 Exit Status</A>). <P> </OL> @@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ status (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.5 Exit Status</A>). <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.1.2 Quoting </H3> @@ -560,9 +560,9 @@ Each of the shell metacharacters (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Def has special meaning to the shell and must be quoted if it is to represent itself. When the command history expansion facilities are being used -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>), the +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>), the <VAR>history expansion</VAR> character, usually <SAMP>`!'</SAMP>, must be quoted -to prevent history expansion. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>, for +to prevent history expansion. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>, for more details concerning history expansion. </P><P> @@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ There are three quoting mechanisms: the <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H4> 3.1.2.1 Escape Character </H4> @@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ the input stream and effectively ignored). <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H4> 3.1.2.2 Single Quotes </H4> @@ -628,7 +628,7 @@ between single quotes, even when preceded by a backslash. <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H4> 3.1.2.3 Double Quotes </H4> @@ -640,7 +640,7 @@ of all characters within the quotes, with the exception of <SAMP>`$'</SAMP>, <SAMP>``'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`\'</SAMP>, and, when history expansion is enabled, <SAMP>`!'</SAMP>. The characters <SAMP>`$'</SAMP> and <SAMP>``'</SAMP> -retain their special meaning within double quotes (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>). +retain their special meaning within double quotes (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>). The backslash retains its special meaning only when followed by one of the following characters: <SAMP>`$'</SAMP>, <SAMP>``'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`"'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`\'</SAMP>, or <CODE>newline</CODE>. @@ -655,7 +655,7 @@ The backslash preceding the <SAMP>`!'</SAMP> is not removed. </P><P> The special parameters <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> have special meaning -when in double quotes (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>). +when in double quotes (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>). </P><P> <A NAME="ANSI-C Quoting"></A> @@ -669,7 +669,7 @@ when in double quotes (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Para <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H4> 3.1.2.4 ANSI-C Quoting </H4> @@ -712,6 +712,12 @@ present, are decoded as follows: <DT><CODE>\x<VAR>HH</VAR></CODE> <DD>the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value <VAR>HH</VAR> (one or two hex digits) +<DT><CODE>\u<VAR>HHHH</VAR></CODE> +<DD>the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value +<VAR>HHHH</VAR> (one to four hex digits) +<DT><CODE>\U<VAR>HHHHHHHH</VAR></CODE> +<DD>the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value +<VAR>HHHHHHHH</VAR> (one to eight hex digits) <DT><CODE>\c<VAR>x</VAR></CODE> <DD>a control-<VAR>x</VAR> character </DL> @@ -732,7 +738,7 @@ been present. <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H4> 3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation </H4> @@ -771,7 +777,7 @@ fashion: <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.1.3 Comments </H3> @@ -780,13 +786,13 @@ fashion: In a non-interactive shell, or an interactive shell in which the <CODE>interactive_comments</CODE> option to the <CODE>shopt</CODE> -builtin is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), +builtin is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), a word beginning with <SAMP>`#'</SAMP> causes that word and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored. An interactive shell without the <CODE>interactive_comments</CODE> option enabled does not allow comments. The <CODE>interactive_comments</CODE> option is on by default in interactive shells. -See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>, for a description of what makes +See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>, for a description of what makes a shell interactive. </P><P> @@ -796,12 +802,12 @@ a shell interactive. <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> < </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC16"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 3.2 Shell Commands </H2> @@ -825,6 +831,7 @@ some other grouping. <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC18">3.2.3 Lists of Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to execute commands sequentially.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC19">3.2.4 Compound Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Shell commands for control flow.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">3.2.5 Coprocesses</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Two-way communication between commands.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.2.6 GNU Parallel</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Running commands in parallel.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> @@ -834,12 +841,12 @@ some other grouping. <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> < </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.2.1 Simple Commands </H3> @@ -853,7 +860,7 @@ first word generally specifies a command to be executed, with the rest of the words being that command's arguments. </P><P> -The return status (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.5 Exit Status</A>) of a simple command is +The return status (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.5 Exit Status</A>) of a simple command is its exit status as provided by the POSIX 1003.1 <CODE>waitpid</CODE> function, or 128+<VAR>n</VAR> if the command was terminated by signal <VAR>n</VAR>. @@ -867,10 +874,10 @@ the command was terminated by signal <VAR>n</VAR>. <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC18"> > </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC18"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.2.2 Pipelines </H3> @@ -907,23 +914,33 @@ The statistics currently consist of elapsed (wall-clock) time and user and system time consumed by the command's execution. The <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option changes the output format to that specified by POSIX. +When the shell is in POSIX mode (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>), +it does not recognize <CODE>time</CODE> as a reserved word if the next +token begins with a <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>. The <CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE> variable may be set to a format string that specifies how the timing information should be displayed. -See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for a description of the available formats. +See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for a description of the available formats. The use of <CODE>time</CODE> as a reserved word permits the timing of shell builtins, shell functions, and pipelines. An external <CODE>time</CODE> command cannot time these easily. </P><P> +When the shell is in POSIX mode (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>), <CODE>time</CODE> +may be followed by a newline. In this case, the shell displays the +total user and system time consumed by the shell and its children. +The <CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE> variable may be used to specify the format of +the time information. +</P><P> + If the pipeline is not executed asynchronously (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC18">3.2.3 Lists of Commands</A>), the shell waits for all commands in the pipeline to complete. </P><P> Each command in a pipeline is executed in its own subshell -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A>). The exit +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A>). The exit status of a pipeline is the exit status of the last command in the pipeline, unless the <CODE>pipefail</CODE> option is enabled -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). If <CODE>pipefail</CODE> is enabled, the pipeline's return status is the value of the last (rightmost) command to exit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands exit successfully. @@ -942,10 +959,10 @@ returning a value. <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC19"> > </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC19"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.2.3 Lists of Commands </H3> @@ -972,7 +989,7 @@ the shell executes the command asynchronously in a subshell. This is known as executing the command in the <VAR>background</VAR>. The shell does not wait for the command to finish, and the return status is 0 (true). -When job control is not active (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>), +When job control is not active (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7. Job Control</A>), the standard input for asynchronous commands, in the absence of any explicit redirections, is redirected from <CODE>/dev/null</CODE>. </P><P> @@ -1020,7 +1037,7 @@ executed in the list. <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.2.4 Compound Commands </H3> @@ -1037,7 +1054,7 @@ executed in the list. Compound commands are the shell programming constructs. Each construct begins with a reserved word or control operator and is terminated by a corresponding reserved word or operator. -Any redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>) associated with a compound command +Any redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>) associated with a compound command apply to all commands within that compound command unless explicitly overridden. </P><P> @@ -1056,7 +1073,7 @@ to group commands and execute them as a unit. <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H4> 3.2.4.1 Looping Constructs </H4> @@ -1106,7 +1123,7 @@ in the resultant list, with <VAR>name</VAR> bound to the current member. If <SAMP>`in <VAR>words</VAR>'</SAMP> is not present, the <CODE>for</CODE> command executes the <VAR>commands</VAR> once for each positional parameter that is set, as if <SAMP>`in "$@"'</SAMP> had been specified -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A>). The return status is the exit status of the last command that executes. If there are no items in the expansion of <VAR>words</VAR>, no commands are executed, and the return status is zero. @@ -1117,20 +1134,20 @@ An alternate form of the <CODE>for</CODE> command is also supported: <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>for (( <VAR>expr1</VAR> ; <VAR>expr2</VAR> ; <VAR>expr3</VAR> )) ; do <VAR>commands</VAR> ; done </pre></td></tr></table>First, the arithmetic expression <VAR>expr1</VAR> is evaluated according -to the rules described below (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>). +to the rules described below (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>). The arithmetic expression <VAR>expr2</VAR> is then evaluated repeatedly until it evaluates to zero. Each time <VAR>expr2</VAR> evaluates to a non-zero value, <VAR>commands</VAR> are executed and the arithmetic expression <VAR>expr3</VAR> is evaluated. If any expression is omitted, it behaves as if it evaluates to 1. -The return value is the exit status of the last command in <VAR>list</VAR> +The return value is the exit status of the last command in <VAR>commands</VAR> that is executed, or false if any of the expressions is invalid. </P><P> </DL> <P> -The <CODE>break</CODE> and <CODE>continue</CODE> builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) +The <CODE>break</CODE> and <CODE>continue</CODE> builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) may be used to control loop execution. </P><P> @@ -1145,7 +1162,7 @@ may be used to control loop execution. <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H4> 3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs </H4> @@ -1196,7 +1213,7 @@ The syntax of the <CODE>case</CODE> command is: <CODE>case</CODE> will selectively execute the <VAR>command-list</VAR> corresponding to the first <VAR>pattern</VAR> that matches <VAR>word</VAR>. If the shell option <CODE>nocasematch</CODE> -(see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>) +(see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>) is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. The <SAMP>`|'</SAMP> is used to separate multiple patterns, and the <SAMP>`)'</SAMP> @@ -1296,11 +1313,11 @@ done </pre></td></tr></table><P> The arithmetic <VAR>expression</VAR> is evaluated according to the rules -described below (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>). +described below (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>). If the value of the expression is non-zero, the return status is 0; otherwise the return status is 1. This is exactly equivalent to <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>let "<VAR>expression</VAR>" -</pre></td></tr></table>See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for a full description of the <CODE>let</CODE> builtin. +</pre></td></tr></table>See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for a full description of the <CODE>let</CODE> builtin. </P><P> <DT><CODE>[[<small>...</small>]]</CODE> @@ -1312,7 +1329,7 @@ otherwise the return status is 1. This is exactly equivalent to Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the conditional expression <VAR>expression</VAR>. Expressions are composed of the primaries described below in -<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>. +<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>. Word splitting and filename expansion are not performed on the words between the <SAMP>`[['</SAMP> and <SAMP>`]]'</SAMP>; tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, command substitution, process @@ -1321,15 +1338,15 @@ Conditional operators such as <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> must be unquoted to be recognize as primaries. </P><P> -When used with <SAMP>`[['</SAMP>, The <SAMP>`<'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`>'</SAMP> operators sort +When used with <SAMP>`[['</SAMP>, the <SAMP>`<'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`>'</SAMP> operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. </P><P> When the <SAMP>`=='</SAMP> and <SAMP>`!='</SAMP> operators are used, the string to the right of the operator is considered a pattern and matched according -to the rules described below in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>. +to the rules described below in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>. If the shell option <CODE>nocasematch</CODE> -(see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>) +(see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>) is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. The return value is 0 if the string matches (<SAMP>`=='</SAMP>) or does not @@ -1347,7 +1364,7 @@ the pattern, and 1 otherwise. If the regular expression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional expression's return value is 2. If the shell option <CODE>nocasematch</CODE> -(see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>) +(see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>) is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force it to be matched as a @@ -1400,7 +1417,7 @@ value of the entire conditional expression. <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H4> 3.2.4.3 Grouping Commands </H4> @@ -1419,7 +1436,7 @@ commands in the list may be redirected to a single stream. </pre></td></tr></table><P> Placing a list of commands between parentheses causes a subshell -environment to be created (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A>), and each +environment to be created (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A>), and each of the commands in <VAR>list</VAR> to be executed in that subshell. Since the <VAR>list</VAR> is executed in a subshell, variable assignments do not remain in effect after the subshell completes. @@ -1458,10 +1475,10 @@ The exit status of both of these constructs is the exit status of <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> > </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.2.5 Coprocesses </H3> @@ -1487,7 +1504,7 @@ the first word of the simple command. </P><P> When the coproc is executed, the shell creates an array variable -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>) +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>) named <VAR>NAME</VAR> in the context of the executing shell. The standard output of <VAR>command</VAR> is connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell, @@ -1496,12 +1513,12 @@ The standard input of <VAR>command</VAR> is connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell, and that file descriptor is assigned to <VAR>NAME</VAR>[1]. This pipe is established before any redirections specified by the -command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>). +command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>). The file descriptors can be utilized as arguments to shell commands and redirections using standard word expansions. </P><P> -The process id of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is +The process ID of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is available as the value of the variable <VAR>NAME</VAR>_PID. The <CODE>wait</CODE> builtin command may be used to wait for the coprocess to terminate. @@ -1510,22 +1527,99 @@ builtin command may be used to wait for the coprocess to terminate. The return status of a coprocess is the exit status of <VAR>command</VAR>. </P><P> -<A NAME="Shell Functions"></A> +<A NAME="GNU Parallel"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> <A NAME="SEC24"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> < </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> > </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> +</TR></TABLE> +<H3> 3.2.6 GNU Parallel </H3> +<!--docid::SEC24::--> +<P> + +GNU Parallel, as its name suggests, can be used to build and run commands +in parallel. You may run the same command with different arguments, whether +they are filenames, usernames, hostnames, or lines read from files. +</P><P> + +For a complete description, refer to the GNU Parallel documentation. A few +examples should provide a brief introduction to its use. +</P><P> + +For example, it is easy to prefix each line in a text file with a specified +string: +<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>cat file | parallel -k echo prefix_string +</pre></td></tr></table>The <SAMP>`-k'</SAMP> option is required to preserve the lines' order. +</P><P> + +Similarly, you can append a specified string to each line in a text file: +<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>cat file | parallel -k echo {} append_string +</pre></td></tr></table></P><P> + +You can use Parallel to move files from the current directory when the +number of files is too large to process with one <CODE>mv</CODE> invocation: +<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>ls | parallel mv {} destdir +</pre></td></tr></table></P><P> + +As you can see, the {} is replaced with each line read from standard input. +This will run as many <CODE>mv</CODE> commands as there are files in the current +directory. You can emulate a parallel <CODE>xargs</CODE> by adding the <SAMP>`-X'</SAMP> +option: +<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>ls | parallel -X mv {} destdir +</pre></td></tr></table></P><P> + +GNU Parallel can replace certain common idioms that operate on lines read +from a file (in this case, filenames): +<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre> for x in $(cat list); do + do-something1 $x config-$x + do-something2 < $x + done | process-output +</pre></td></tr></table></P><P> + +with a more compact syntax reminiscent of lambdas: +<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>cat list | parallel "do-something1 {} config-{} ; do-something2 < {}" | process-output +</pre></td></tr></table></P><P> + +Parallel provides a built-in mechanism to remove filename extensions, which +lends itself to batch file transformations or renaming: +<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>ls *.gz | parallel -j+0 "zcat {} | bzip2 >{.}.bz2 && rm {}" +</pre></td></tr></table>This will recompress all files in the current directory with names ending +in .gz using bzip2, running one job per CPU (-j+0) in parallel. +</P><P> + +If a command generates output, you may want to preserve the input order in +the output. For instance, the following command +<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>{ echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; } | parallel traceroute +</pre></td></tr></table>will display as output the traceroute invocation that finishes first. Using +the <SAMP>`-k'</SAMP> option, as we saw above +<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>{ echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; } | parallel -k traceroute +</pre></td></tr></table>will ensure that the output of <CODE>traceroute foss.org.my</CODE> is displayed first. +</P><P> + +<A NAME="Shell Functions"></A> +<HR SIZE="6"> +<A NAME="SEC25"></A> +<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 3.3 Shell Functions </H2> -<!--docid::SEC24::--> +<!--docid::SEC25::--> <P> Shell functions are a way to group commands for later execution @@ -1539,7 +1633,8 @@ shell context; no new process is created to interpret them. Functions are declared using this syntax: <A NAME="IDX45"></A> -<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[ <CODE>function</CODE> ] <VAR>name</VAR> () <VAR>compound-command</VAR> [ <VAR>redirections</VAR> ] +<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><VAR>name</VAR> () <VAR>compound-command</VAR> [ <VAR>redirections</VAR> ]<BR>or<BR> +<CODE>function</CODE> <VAR>name</VAR> [()] <VAR>compound-command</VAR> [ <VAR>redirections</VAR> ] </pre></td></tr></table></P><P> This defines a shell function named <VAR>name</VAR>. The reserved @@ -1552,12 +1647,12 @@ That command is usually a <VAR>list</VAR> enclosed between { and }, but may be any compound command listed above. <VAR>compound-command</VAR> is executed whenever <VAR>name</VAR> is specified as the name of a command. -Any redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>) associated with the shell function +Any redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>) associated with the shell function are performed when the function is executed. </P><P> A function definition may be deleted using the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option to the -<CODE>unset</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). +<CODE>unset</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). </P><P> The exit status of a function definition is zero unless a syntax error @@ -1578,7 +1673,7 @@ a <SAMP>`&'</SAMP>, or a newline. When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the positional parameters -during its execution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A>). +during its execution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A>). The special parameter <SAMP>`#'</SAMP> that expands to the number of positional parameters is updated to reflect the change. Special parameter <CODE>0</CODE> is unchanged. @@ -1597,10 +1692,16 @@ the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin, (in which case all functions inherit the <CODE>DEBUG</CODE> and <CODE>RETURN</CODE> traps), and the <CODE>ERR</CODE> trap is not inherited unless the <CODE>-o errtrace</CODE> shell option has been enabled. -See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>, for the description of the +See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>, for the description of the <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin. </P><P> +The <CODE>FUNCNEST</CODE> variable, if set to a numeric value greater +than 0, defines a maximum function nesting level. Function +invocations that exceed the limit cause the entire command to +abort. +</P><P> + If the builtin command <CODE>return</CODE> is executed in a function, the function completes and execution resumes with the next command after the function @@ -1623,7 +1724,7 @@ the function and the commands it invokes. Function names and definitions may be listed with the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>declare</CODE> or <CODE>typeset</CODE> -builtin commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). +builtin commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). The <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> option to <CODE>declare</CODE> or <CODE>typeset</CODE> will list the function names only (and optionally the source file and line number, if the <CODE>extdebug</CODE> @@ -1631,38 +1732,40 @@ shell option is enabled). Functions may be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>export</CODE> builtin -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). Note that shell functions and variables with the same name may result in multiple identically-named entries in the environment passed to the shell's children. Care should be taken in cases where this may cause a problem. </P><P> -Functions may be recursive. No limit is placed on the number of -recursive calls. +Functions may be recursive. +The <CODE>FUNCNEST</CODE> variable may be used to limit the depth of the +function call stack and restrict the number of function invocations. +By default, no limit is placed on the number of recursive calls. </P><P> <A NAME="Shell Parameters"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC25"></A> +<A NAME="SEC26"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> << </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 3.4 Shell Parameters </H2> -<!--docid::SEC25::--> +<!--docid::SEC26::--> <P> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The shell's command-line arguments.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Parameters denoted by special characters.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The shell's command-line arguments.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Parameters denoted by special characters.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> @@ -1672,7 +1775,7 @@ listed below. A <VAR>variable</VAR> is a parameter denoted by a <CODE>name</CODE>. A variable has a <VAR>value</VAR> and zero or more <VAR>attributes</VAR>. Attributes are assigned using the <CODE>declare</CODE> builtin command -(see the description of the <CODE>declare</CODE> builtin in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). +(see the description of the <CODE>declare</CODE> builtin in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). </P><P> A parameter is set if it has been assigned a value. The null string is @@ -1689,7 +1792,7 @@ command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal (detailed below). If the variable has its <CODE>integer</CODE> attribute set, then <VAR>value</VAR> is evaluated as an arithmetic expression even if the <CODE>$((<small>...</small>))</CODE> -expansion is not used (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A>). +expansion is not used (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A>). Word splitting is not performed, with the exception of <CODE>"$@"</CODE> as explained below. Filename expansion is not performed. @@ -1700,14 +1803,14 @@ and <CODE>local</CODE> builtin commands. </P><P> In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value -to a shell variable or array index (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>), the <SAMP>`+='</SAMP> +to a shell variable or array index (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>), the <SAMP>`+='</SAMP> operator can be used to append to or add to the variable's previous value. -When <SAMP>`+='</SAMP> is applied to a variable for which the integer attribute +When <SAMP>`+='</SAMP> is applied to a variable for which the <VAR>integer</VAR> attribute has been set, <VAR>value</VAR> is evaluated as an arithmetic expression and added to the variable's current value, which is also evaluated. When <SAMP>`+='</SAMP> is applied to an array variable using compound assignment -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>), the +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>), the variable's value is not unset (as it is when using <SAMP>`='</SAMP>), and new values are appended to the array beginning at one greater than the array's maximum index (for indexed arrays), or added as additional key-value pairs @@ -1718,20 +1821,20 @@ appended to the variable's value. <A NAME="Positional Parameters"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC26"></A> +<A NAME="SEC27"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.4.1 Positional Parameters </H3> -<!--docid::SEC26::--> +<!--docid::SEC27::--> <P> A <VAR>positional parameter</VAR> is a parameter denoted by one or more @@ -1742,10 +1845,10 @@ Positional parameter <CODE>N</CODE> may be referenced as <CODE>${N}</CODE>, or as <CODE>$N</CODE> when <CODE>N</CODE> consists of a single digit. Positional parameters may not be assigned to with assignment statements. The <CODE>set</CODE> and <CODE>shift</CODE> builtins are used to set and -unset them (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A>). +unset them (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A>). The positional parameters are temporarily replaced when a shell function is executed -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.3 Shell Functions</A>). </P><P> When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single @@ -1754,20 +1857,20 @@ digit is expanded, it must be enclosed in braces. <A NAME="Special Parameters"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC27"></A> +<A NAME="SEC28"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.4.2 Special Parameters </H3> -<!--docid::SEC27::--> +<!--docid::SEC28::--> <P> The shell treats several parameters specially. These parameters may @@ -1849,8 +1952,8 @@ Expands to the process ID of the most recently executed background <DD><A NAME="IDX61"></A> Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set at shell initialization. If Bash is invoked with a file of commands -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>), <CODE>$0</CODE> is set to the name of that file. -If Bash is started with the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> option (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>), +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>), <CODE>$0</CODE> is set to the name of that file. +If Bash is started with the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> option (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>), then <CODE>$0</CODE> is set to the first argument after the string to be executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is set to the filename used to invoke Bash, as given by argument zero. @@ -1873,20 +1976,20 @@ When checking mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file. <A NAME="Shell Expansions"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC28"></A> +<A NAME="SEC29"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> << </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 3.5 Shell Expansions </H2> -<!--docid::SEC28::--> +<!--docid::SEC29::--> <P> Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into @@ -1903,17 +2006,17 @@ Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into <P> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Expansion of expressions within braces.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Expansion of the ~ character.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash expands variables to their values.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Using the output of a command as an argument.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to use arithmetic in shell expansions.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A way to write and read to and from a +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Expansion of expressions within braces.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Expansion of the ~ character.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash expands variables to their values.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Using the output of a command as an argument.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to use arithmetic in shell expansions.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A way to write and read to and from a command.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How the results of expansion are split into separate +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How the results of expansion are split into separate arguments.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A shorthand for specifying filenames matching patterns.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.9 Quote Removal</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How and when quote characters are removed from +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A shorthand for specifying filenames matching patterns.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.5.9 Quote Removal</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How and when quote characters are removed from words.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> @@ -1935,35 +2038,35 @@ Only brace expansion, word splitting, and filename expansion can change the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a single word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the expansions of -<CODE>"$@"</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A>) and <CODE>"${<VAR>name</VAR>[@]}"</CODE> -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>). +<CODE>"$@"</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A>) and <CODE>"${<VAR>name</VAR>[@]}"</CODE> +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>). </P><P> -After all expansions, <CODE>quote removal</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.9 Quote Removal</A>) +After all expansions, <CODE>quote removal</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.5.9 Quote Removal</A>) is performed. </P><P> <A NAME="Brace Expansion"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC29"></A> +<A NAME="SEC30"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.5.1 Brace Expansion </H3> -<!--docid::SEC29::--> +<!--docid::SEC30::--> <P> Brace expansion is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated. This mechanism is similar to -<VAR>filename expansion</VAR> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>), +<VAR>filename expansion</VAR> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>), but the file names generated need not exist. Patterns to be brace expanded take the form of an optional <VAR>preamble</VAR>, followed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a seqeunce expression @@ -2029,20 +2132,20 @@ above example: <A NAME="Tilde Expansion"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC30"></A> +<A NAME="SEC31"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.5.2 Tilde Expansion </H3> -<!--docid::SEC30::--> +<!--docid::SEC31::--> <P> If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (<SAMP>`~'</SAMP>), all of the @@ -2070,7 +2173,7 @@ number <VAR>N</VAR>, optionally prefixed by a <SAMP>`+'</SAMP> or a <SAMP>`-'</S the tilde-prefix is replaced with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it would be displayed by the <CODE>dirs</CODE> builtin invoked with the characters following tilde -in the tilde-prefix as an argument (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>). +in the tilde-prefix as an argument (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>). If the tilde-prefix, sans the tilde, consists of a number without a leading <SAMP>`+'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`+'</SAMP> is assumed. </P><P> @@ -2127,20 +2230,20 @@ The following table shows how Bash treats unquoted tilde-prefixes: <A NAME="Shell Parameter Expansion"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC31"></A> +<A NAME="SEC32"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion </H3> -<!--docid::SEC31::--> +<!--docid::SEC32::--> <P> The <SAMP>`$'</SAMP> character introduces parameter expansion, @@ -2173,7 +2276,7 @@ Bash uses the value of the variable formed from the rest of expanded and that value is used in the rest of the substitution, rather than the value of <VAR>parameter</VAR> itself. This is known as <CODE>indirect expansion</CODE>. -The exceptions to this are the expansions of ${!<VAR>prefix*</VAR>} +The exceptions to this are the expansions of ${!<VAR>prefix</VAR><BR>} and ${!<VAR>name</VAR>[@]} described below. The exclamation point must immediately follow the left brace in order to @@ -2231,13 +2334,17 @@ starting at the character specified by <VAR>offset</VAR>. If <VAR>length</VAR> is omitted, expands to the substring of <VAR>parameter</VAR> starting at the character specified by <VAR>offset</VAR>. <VAR>length</VAR> and <VAR>offset</VAR> are arithmetic expressions -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>). This is referred to as Substring Expansion. <P> -<VAR>length</VAR> must evaluate to a number greater than or equal to zero. If <VAR>offset</VAR> evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is used as an offset from the end of the value of <VAR>parameter</VAR>. +If <VAR>length</VAR> evaluates to a number less than zero, and <VAR>parameter</VAR> +is not <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> and not an indexed or associative array, it is interpreted +as an offset from the end of the value of <VAR>parameter</VAR> rather than +a number of characters, and the expansion is the characters between the +two offsets. If <VAR>parameter</VAR> is <SAMP>`@'</SAMP>, the result is <VAR>length</VAR> positional parameters beginning at <VAR>offset</VAR>. If <VAR>parameter</VAR> is an indexed array name subscripted @@ -2288,7 +2395,7 @@ the value substituted is the number of elements in the array. <DD><DT><CODE>${<VAR>parameter</VAR>##<VAR>word</VAR>}</CODE> <DD>The <VAR>word</VAR> is expanded to produce a pattern just as in filename -expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>). If the pattern matches +expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>). If the pattern matches the beginning of the expanded value of <VAR>parameter</VAR>, then the result of the expansion is the expanded value of <VAR>parameter</VAR> with the shortest matching pattern (the <SAMP>`#'</SAMP> case) or the @@ -2372,20 +2479,20 @@ array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. <A NAME="Command Substitution"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC32"></A> +<A NAME="SEC33"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.5.4 Command Substitution </H3> -<!--docid::SEC32::--> +<!--docid::SEC33::--> <P> Command substitution allows the output of a command to replace @@ -2424,20 +2531,20 @@ filename expansion are not performed on the results. <A NAME="Arithmetic Expansion"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC33"></A> +<A NAME="SEC34"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion </H3> -<!--docid::SEC33::--> +<!--docid::SEC34::--> <P> Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression @@ -2455,27 +2562,27 @@ Arithmetic expansions may be nested. </P><P> The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>). If the expression is invalid, Bash prints a message indicating failure to the standard error and no substitution occurs. </P><P> <A NAME="Process Substitution"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC34"></A> +<A NAME="SEC35"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.5.6 Process Substitution </H3> -<!--docid::SEC34::--> +<!--docid::SEC35::--> <P> Process substitution is supported on systems that support named @@ -2503,20 +2610,20 @@ expansion. <A NAME="Word Splitting"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC35"></A> +<A NAME="SEC36"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.5.7 Word Splitting </H3> -<!--docid::SEC35::--> +<!--docid::SEC36::--> <P> The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitution, @@ -2557,22 +2664,22 @@ is performed. <A NAME="Filename Expansion"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC36"></A> +<A NAME="SEC37"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.5.8 Filename Expansion </H3> -<!--docid::SEC36::--> +<!--docid::SEC37::--> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How the shell matches patterns.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How the shell matches patterns.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <A NAME="IDX64"></A> <A NAME="IDX65"></A> @@ -2581,7 +2688,7 @@ is performed. <P> After word splitting, unless the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option has been set -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), Bash scans each word for the characters +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), Bash scans each word for the characters <SAMP>`*'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`?'</SAMP>, and <SAMP>`['</SAMP>. If one of these characters appears, then the word is regarded as a <VAR>pattern</VAR>, @@ -2605,7 +2712,7 @@ matched explicitly. In other cases, the <SAMP>`.'</SAMP> character is not treated specially. </P><P> -See the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>, +See the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>, for a description of the <CODE>nocaseglob</CODE>, <CODE>nullglob</CODE>, <CODE>failglob</CODE>, and <CODE>dotglob</CODE> options. </P><P> @@ -2630,20 +2737,20 @@ is unset. <A NAME="Pattern Matching"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC37"></A> +<A NAME="SEC38"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H4> 3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching </H4> -<!--docid::SEC37::--> +<!--docid::SEC38::--> <P> Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern @@ -2746,20 +2853,20 @@ sub-patterns: <A NAME="Quote Removal"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC38"></A> +<A NAME="SEC39"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.5.9 Quote Removal </H3> -<!--docid::SEC38::--> +<!--docid::SEC39::--> <P> After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the @@ -2769,20 +2876,20 @@ result from one of the above expansions are removed. <A NAME="Redirections"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC39"></A> +<A NAME="SEC40"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> << </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC41"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 3.6 Redirections </H2> -<!--docid::SEC39::--> +<!--docid::SEC40::--> <P> Before a command is executed, its input and output @@ -2876,20 +2983,20 @@ internally. </P><P> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC40"></A> +<A NAME="SEC41"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC41"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC42"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.6.1 Redirecting Input </H3> -<!--docid::SEC40::--> +<!--docid::SEC41::--> Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from the expansion of <VAR>word</VAR> to be opened for reading on file descriptor <CODE>n</CODE>, @@ -2902,20 +3009,20 @@ The general format for redirecting input is: </pre></td></tr></table></P><P> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC41"></A> +<A NAME="SEC42"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC42"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC42"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC41"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC43"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC43"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.6.2 Redirecting Output </H3> -<!--docid::SEC41::--> +<!--docid::SEC42::--> Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the expansion of <VAR>word</VAR> to be opened for writing on file descriptor <VAR>n</VAR>, @@ -2938,20 +3045,20 @@ is attempted even if the file named by <VAR>word</VAR> exists. </P><P> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC42"></A> +<A NAME="SEC43"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC41"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC43"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC43"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC42"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC44"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC44"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.6.3 Appending Redirected Output </H3> -<!--docid::SEC42::--> +<!--docid::SEC43::--> Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name results from the expansion of <VAR>word</VAR> @@ -2965,20 +3072,20 @@ The general format for appending output is: </pre></td></tr></table></P><P> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC43"></A> +<A NAME="SEC44"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC42"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC44"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC44"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC43"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC45"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC45"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.6.4 Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error </H3> -<!--docid::SEC43::--> +<!--docid::SEC44::--> This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and the standard error output (file descriptor 2) @@ -2997,20 +3104,20 @@ This is semantically equivalent to </pre></td></tr></table></P><P> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC44"></A> +<A NAME="SEC45"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC43"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC45"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC45"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC44"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC46"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC46"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.6.5 Appending Standard Output and Standard Error </H3> -<!--docid::SEC44::--> +<!--docid::SEC45::--> This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and the standard error output (file descriptor 2) @@ -3025,20 +3132,20 @@ The format for appending standard output and standard error is: </pre></td></tr></table></P><P> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC45"></A> +<A NAME="SEC46"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC44"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC46"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC46"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC45"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC47"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC47"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.6.6 Here Documents </H3> -<!--docid::SEC45::--> +<!--docid::SEC46::--> This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until a line containing only <VAR>word</VAR> (with no trailing blanks) is seen. All of @@ -3073,20 +3180,20 @@ natural fashion. </P><P> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC46"></A> +<A NAME="SEC47"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC45"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC47"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC47"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC46"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.6.7 Here Strings </H3> -<!--docid::SEC46::--> +<!--docid::SEC47::--> A variant of here documents, the format is: <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><<< <VAR>word</VAR> </pre></td></tr></table><P> @@ -3096,20 +3203,20 @@ input. </P><P> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC47"></A> +<A NAME="SEC48"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC46"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC47"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.6.8 Duplicating File Descriptors </H3> -<!--docid::SEC47::--> +<!--docid::SEC48::--> The redirection operator <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[<VAR>n</VAR>]<&<VAR>word</VAR> </pre></td></tr></table>is used to duplicate input file descriptors. @@ -3135,20 +3242,20 @@ error are redirected as described previously. </P><P> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC48"></A> +<A NAME="SEC49"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC47"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.6.9 Moving File Descriptors </H3> -<!--docid::SEC48::--> +<!--docid::SEC49::--> The redirection operator <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[<VAR>n</VAR>]<&<VAR>digit</VAR>- </pre></td></tr></table>moves the file descriptor <VAR>digit</VAR> to file descriptor <VAR>n</VAR>, @@ -3163,20 +3270,20 @@ or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if <VAR>n</VAR> is not specified. </P><P> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC49"></A> +<A NAME="SEC50"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC41"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC42"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.6.10 Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing </H3> -<!--docid::SEC49::--> +<!--docid::SEC50::--> The redirection operator <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[<VAR>n</VAR>]<><VAR>word</VAR> </pre></td></tr></table>causes the file whose name is the expansion of <VAR>word</VAR> @@ -3187,53 +3294,53 @@ is not specified. If the file does not exist, it is created. <A NAME="Executing Commands"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC50"></A> +<A NAME="SEC51"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> << </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 3.7 Executing Commands </H2> -<!--docid::SEC50::--> +<!--docid::SEC51::--> <P> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash expands simple commands before +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash expands simple commands before executing them.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash finds commands and runs them.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The environment in which Bash +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash finds commands and runs them.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The environment in which Bash executes commands that are not shell builtins.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.4 Environment</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The environment given to a command.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.5 Exit Status</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The status returned by commands and how Bash +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.4 Environment</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The environment given to a command.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.5 Exit Status</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The status returned by commands and how Bash interprets it.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.6 Signals</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What happens when Bash or a command it runs +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.7.6 Signals</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What happens when Bash or a command it runs receives a signal.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> <A NAME="Simple Command Expansion"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC51"></A> +<A NAME="SEC52"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion </H3> -<!--docid::SEC51::--> +<!--docid::SEC52::--> <P> When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following @@ -3249,14 +3356,14 @@ processing. <LI> The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are -expanded (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>). +expanded (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>). If any words remain after expansion, the first word is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words are the arguments. <P> <LI> -Redirections are performed as described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>). +Redirections are performed as described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>). <P> <LI> @@ -3287,20 +3394,20 @@ were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of zero. <A NAME="Command Search and Execution"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC52"></A> +<A NAME="SEC53"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.7.2 Command Search and Execution </H3> -<!--docid::SEC52::--> +<!--docid::SEC53::--> <P> After a command has been split into words, if it results in a @@ -3312,7 +3419,7 @@ actions are taken. <LI> If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that -function is invoked as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A>. +function is invoked as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.3 Shell Functions</A>. <P> <LI> @@ -3327,7 +3434,7 @@ and contains no slashes, Bash searches each element of <CODE>$PATH</CODE> for a directory containing an executable file by that name. Bash uses a hash table to remember the full pathnames of executable files to avoid multiple <CODE>PATH</CODE> searches -(see the description of <CODE>hash</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). +(see the description of <CODE>hash</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). A full search of the directories in <CODE>$PATH</CODE> is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for a defined shell @@ -3351,7 +3458,7 @@ to the command are set to the arguments supplied, if any. If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format, and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a <VAR>shell script</VAR> and the shell executes it as described in -<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>. +<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>. <P> <LI> @@ -3364,20 +3471,20 @@ the command to complete and collects its exit status. <A NAME="Command Execution Environment"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC53"></A> +<A NAME="SEC54"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.7.3 Command Execution Environment </H3> -<!--docid::SEC53::--> +<!--docid::SEC54::--> <P> The shell has an <VAR>execution environment</VAR>, which consists of the @@ -3420,11 +3527,11 @@ arguments) or by <CODE>set</CODE> <P> <LI> -options enabled by <CODE>shopt</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>) +options enabled by <CODE>shopt</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>) <P> <LI> -shell aliases defined with <CODE>alias</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>) +shell aliases defined with <CODE>alias</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>) <P> <LI> @@ -3459,7 +3566,7 @@ the file creation mode mask <LI> shell variables and functions marked for export, along with variables -exported for the command, passed in the environment (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.4 Environment</A>) +exported for the command, passed in the environment (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.4 Environment</A>) <P> <LI> @@ -3497,20 +3604,20 @@ shell as modified by redirections. <A NAME="Environment"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC54"></A> +<A NAME="SEC55"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.7.4 Environment </H3> -<!--docid::SEC54::--> +<!--docid::SEC55::--> <P> When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings @@ -3537,12 +3644,12 @@ commands, plus any additions via the <CODE>export</CODE> and The environment for any simple command or function may be augmented temporarily by prefixing it with -parameter assignments, as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.4 Shell Parameters</A>. +parameter assignments, as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4 Shell Parameters</A>. These assignment statements affect only the environment seen by that command. </P><P> -If the <SAMP>`-k'</SAMP> option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), then all +If the <SAMP>`-k'</SAMP> option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), then all parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. </P><P> @@ -3554,20 +3661,20 @@ command in its environment. <A NAME="Exit Status"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC55"></A> +<A NAME="SEC56"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.7.5 Exit Status </H3> -<!--docid::SEC55::--> +<!--docid::SEC56::--> <P> The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the @@ -3611,20 +3718,20 @@ All builtins return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage. <A NAME="Signals"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC56"></A> +<A NAME="SEC57"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 3.7.6 Signals </H3> -<!--docid::SEC56::--> +<!--docid::SEC57::--> <P> When Bash is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores @@ -3633,7 +3740,7 @@ and <CODE>SIGINT</CODE> is caught and handled (so that the <CODE>wait</CODE> builtin is interruptible). When Bash receives a <CODE>SIGINT</CODE>, it breaks out of any executing loops. In all cases, Bash ignores <CODE>SIGQUIT</CODE>. -If job control is in effect (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>), Bash +If job control is in effect (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7. Job Control</A>), Bash ignores <CODE>SIGTTIN</CODE>, <CODE>SIGTTOU</CODE>, and <CODE>SIGTSTP</CODE>. </P><P> @@ -3655,12 +3762,12 @@ the <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE>. To prevent the shell from sending the <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> signal to a particular job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the <CODE>disown</CODE> -builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>) or marked +builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>) or marked to not receive <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> using <CODE>disown -h</CODE>. </P><P> If the <CODE>huponexit</CODE> shell option has been set with <CODE>shopt</CODE> -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), Bash sends a <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> to all jobs when +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), Bash sends a <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits. </P><P> @@ -3676,26 +3783,26 @@ which the trap is executed. <A NAME="Shell Scripts"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC57"></A> +<A NAME="SEC58"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> > </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> > </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 3.8 Shell Scripts </H2> -<!--docid::SEC57::--> +<!--docid::SEC58::--> <P> A shell script is a text file containing shell commands. When such a file is used as the first non-option argument when invoking Bash, and neither the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> nor <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> option is supplied -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>), +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>), Bash reads and executes commands from the file, then exits. This mode of operation creates a non-interactive shell. The shell first searches for the file in the current directory, and looks in the @@ -3723,7 +3830,7 @@ if <CODE>filename</CODE> is an executable shell script. This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new shell had been invoked to interpret the script, with the exception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent -(see the description of <CODE>hash</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) +(see the description of <CODE>hash</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) are retained by the child. </P><P> @@ -3752,29 +3859,29 @@ under another shell. <A NAME="Shell Builtin Commands"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC58"></A> +<A NAME="SEC59"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> << </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H1> 4. Shell Builtin Commands </H1> -<!--docid::SEC58::--> +<!--docid::SEC59::--> <P> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtin commands inherited from the Bourne +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtin commands inherited from the Bourne Shell.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Table of builtins specific to Bash.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3 Modifying Shell Behavior</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtins to modify shell attributes and +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Table of builtins specific to Bash.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3 Modifying Shell Behavior</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtins to modify shell attributes and optional behavior.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.4 Special Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtin commands classified specially by +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">4.4 Special Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtin commands classified specially by POSIX.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> @@ -3794,10 +3901,10 @@ to or have been extended in Bash. Several builtin commands are described in other chapters: builtin commands which provide the Bash interface to the job control -facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>), the directory stack -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A>), the command history -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A>), and the programmable completion -facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>). +facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>), the directory stack +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A>), the command history +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A>), and the programmable completion +facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>). </P><P> Many of the builtins have been extended by POSIX or Bash. @@ -3818,20 +3925,20 @@ require <SAMP>`--'</SAMP> to prevent this interpretation. <A NAME="Bourne Shell Builtins"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC59"></A> +<A NAME="SEC60"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins </H2> -<!--docid::SEC59::--> +<!--docid::SEC60::--> <P> The following shell builtin commands are inherited from the Bourne Shell. @@ -3874,7 +3981,7 @@ The return status is zero unless <VAR>n</VAR> is not greater than or equal to 1. <DT><CODE>cd</CODE> <DD><A NAME="IDX71"></A> -<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>cd [-L|-P] [<VAR>directory</VAR>] +<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [<VAR>directory</VAR>] </pre></td></tr></table>Change the current working directory to <VAR>directory</VAR>. If <VAR>directory</VAR> is not given, the value of the <CODE>HOME</CODE> shell variable is used. @@ -3884,6 +3991,10 @@ If <VAR>directory</VAR> begins with a slash, <CODE>CDPATH</CODE> is not used. The <SAMP>`-P'</SAMP> option means to not follow symbolic links; symbolic links are followed by default or with the <SAMP>`-L'</SAMP> option. +If the <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> option is supplied with <SAMP>`-P'</SAMP> +and the current working directory cannot be successfully determined +after a successful directory change, <CODE>cd</CODE> will return an unsuccessful +status. If <VAR>directory</VAR> is <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>, it is equivalent to <CODE>$OLDPWD</CODE>. </P><P> @@ -3988,7 +4099,7 @@ invocation if a new set of parameters is to be used. When the end of options is encountered, <CODE>getopts</CODE> exits with a return value greater than zero. <CODE>OPTIND</CODE> is set to the index of the first non-option argument, -and <CODE>name</CODE> is set to <SAMP>`?'</SAMP>. +and <VAR>name</VAR> is set to <SAMP>`?'</SAMP>. </P><P> <CODE>getopts</CODE> @@ -4023,10 +4134,12 @@ If <CODE>getopts</CODE> is silent, then a colon (<SAMP>`:'</SAMP>) is placed in <DT><CODE>hash</CODE> <DD><A NAME="IDX78"></A> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>hash [-r] [-p <VAR>filename</VAR>] [-dt] [<VAR>name</VAR>] -</pre></td></tr></table>Remember the full pathnames of commands specified as <VAR>name</VAR> arguments, +</pre></td></tr></table>Each time <CODE>hash</CODE> is invoked, it remembers the full pathnames of the +commands specified as <VAR>name</VAR> arguments, so they need not be searched for on subsequent invocations. The commands are found by searching through the directories listed in <CODE>$PATH</CODE>. +Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. The <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option inhibits the path search, and <VAR>filename</VAR> is used as the location of <VAR>name</VAR>. The <SAMP>`-r'</SAMP> option causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. @@ -4117,7 +4230,7 @@ less than zero, non-zero otherwise. Evaluate a conditional expression <VAR>expr</VAR>. Each operator and operand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries described below in -<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>. +<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>. <CODE>test</CODE> does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of <SAMP>`--'</SAMP> as signifying the end of options. <P> @@ -4129,6 +4242,7 @@ be a <CODE>]</CODE>. Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation depends on the number of arguments; see below. +Operator precedence is used when there are five or more arguments. </P><P> <DL COMPACT> @@ -4167,15 +4281,16 @@ expressions using a set of rules based on the number of arguments. <DD>If the first argument is <SAMP>`!'</SAMP>, the expression is true if and only if the second argument is null. If the first argument is one of the unary conditional operators -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>), the expression +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>), the expression is true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is not a valid unary operator, the expression is false. <P> <DT>3 arguments -<DD>If the second argument is one of the binary conditional -operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>), the +<DD>The following conditions are applied in the order listed. +If the second argument is one of the binary conditional +operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>), the result of the expression is the result of the binary test using the first and third arguments as operands. The <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`-o'</SAMP> operators are considered binary operators @@ -4201,6 +4316,10 @@ using the rules listed above. </DL> <P> +When used with <CODE>test</CODE> or <SAMP>`['</SAMP>, the <SAMP>`<'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`>'</SAMP> +operators sort lexicographically using ASCII ordering. +</P><P> + <DT><CODE>times</CODE> <DD><A NAME="IDX85"></A> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>times @@ -4237,7 +4356,7 @@ before every simple command, <CODE>for</CODE> command, <CODE>case</CODE> command <CODE>select</CODE> command, every arithmetic <CODE>for</CODE> command, and before the first command executes in a shell function. Refer to the description of the <CODE>extdebug</CODE> option to the -<CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>) for details of its +<CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>) for details of its effect on the <CODE>DEBUG</CODE> trap. If a <VAR>sigspec</VAR> is <CODE>RETURN</CODE>, the command <VAR>arg</VAR> is executed each time a shell function or a script executed with the <CODE>.</CODE> or @@ -4301,20 +4420,20 @@ The return status is zero unless a <VAR>name</VAR> is readonly. <A NAME="Bash Builtins"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC60"></A> +<A NAME="SEC61"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 4.2 Bash Builtin Commands </H2> -<!--docid::SEC60::--> +<!--docid::SEC61::--> <P> This section describes builtin commands which are unique to @@ -4335,7 +4454,7 @@ them to be reused as input. If arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each <VAR>name</VAR> whose <VAR>value</VAR> is given. If no <VAR>value</VAR> is given, the name and value of the alias is printed. -Aliases are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>. +Aliases are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>. </P><P> <DT><CODE>bind</CODE> @@ -4348,12 +4467,12 @@ bind [-m <VAR>keymap</VAR>] <VAR>keyseq:function-name</VAR> bind <VAR>readline-command</VAR> </pre></td></tr></table><P> -Display current Readline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>) +Display current Readline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8. Command Line Editing</A>) key and function bindings, bind a key sequence to a Readline function or macro, or set a Readline variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would appear in a -Readline initialization file (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3 Readline Init File</A>), +Readline initialization file (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3 Readline Init File</A>), but each binding or command must be passed as a separate argument; e.g., <SAMP>`"\C-x\C-r":re-read-init-file'</SAMP>. </P><P> @@ -4526,20 +4645,27 @@ option will restrict the display to shell functions. The <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> option inhibits the display of function definitions; only the function name and attributes are printed. If the <CODE>extdebug</CODE> shell option is enabled using <CODE>shopt</CODE> -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), the source file name and line number where +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), the source file name and line number where the function is defined are displayed as well. <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> implies <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP>. +</P><P> + +The <SAMP>`-g'</SAMP> option forces variables to be created or modified at +the global scope, even when \fBdeclare\fP is executed in a shell function. +It is ignored in all other cases. +</P><P> + The following options can be used to restrict output to variables with the specified attributes or to give variables attributes: </P><P> <DL COMPACT> <DT><CODE>-a</CODE> -<DD>Each <VAR>name</VAR> is an indexed array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>). +<DD>Each <VAR>name</VAR> is an indexed array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>-A</CODE> -<DD>Each <VAR>name</VAR> is an associative array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>). +<DD>Each <VAR>name</VAR> is an associative array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>-f</CODE> @@ -4548,7 +4674,7 @@ the specified attributes or to give variables attributes: <DT><CODE>-i</CODE> <DD>The variable is to be treated as -an integer; arithmetic evaluation (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>) is +an integer; arithmetic evaluation (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>) is performed when the variable is assigned a value. <P> @@ -4587,15 +4713,16 @@ with the exceptions that <SAMP>`+a'</SAMP> may not be used to destroy an array variable and <SAMP>`+r'</SAMP> will not remove the readonly attribute. When used in a function, <CODE>declare</CODE> makes each <VAR>name</VAR> local, -as with the <CODE>local</CODE> command. If a variable name is followed by -=<VAR>value</VAR>, the value of the variable is set to <VAR>value</VAR>. +as with the <CODE>local</CODE> command, unless the <SAMP>`-g'</SAMP> option is used. +If a variable name is followed by =<VAR>value</VAR>, the value of the variable +is set to <VAR>value</VAR>. </P><P> The return status is zero unless an invalid option is encountered, an attempt is made to define a function using <SAMP>`-f foo=bar'</SAMP>, an attempt is made to assign a value to a readonly variable, an attempt is made to assign a value to an array variable without -using the compound assignment syntax (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>), +using the compound assignment syntax (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>), one of the <VAR>names</VAR> is not a valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to turn off array status for an array variable, @@ -4628,6 +4755,7 @@ escape characters by default. <DT><CODE>\c</CODE> <DD>suppress further output <DT><CODE>\e</CODE> +<DD><DT><CODE>\E</CODE> <DD>escape <DT><CODE>\f</CODE> <DD>form feed @@ -4647,6 +4775,12 @@ escape characters by default. <DT><CODE>\x<VAR>HH</VAR></CODE> <DD>the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value <VAR>HH</VAR> (one or two hex digits) +<DT><CODE>\u<VAR>HHHH</VAR></CODE> +<DD>the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value +<VAR>HHHH</VAR> (one to four hex digits) +<DT><CODE>\U<VAR>HHHHHHHH</VAR></CODE> +<DD>the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value +<VAR>HHHHHHHH</VAR> (one to eight hex digits) </DL> <P> @@ -4678,7 +4812,7 @@ The <SAMP>`-d'</SAMP> option will delete a builtin loaded with <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> If there are no options, a list of the shell builtins is displayed. The <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> option restricts <CODE>enable</CODE> to the POSIX special builtins. If <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> is used with <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP>, the new builtin becomes -a special builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.4 Special Builtins</A>). +a special builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">4.4 Special Builtins</A>). </P><P> The return status is zero unless a <VAR>name</VAR> is not a shell builtin @@ -4715,7 +4849,7 @@ The return status is zero unless no command matches <VAR>pattern</VAR>. <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>let <VAR>expression</VAR> [<VAR>expression</VAR>] </pre></td></tr></table>The <CODE>let</CODE> builtin allows arithmetic to be performed on shell variables. Each <VAR>expression</VAR> is evaluated according to the -rules given below in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>. If the +rules given below in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>. If the last <VAR>expression</VAR> evaluates to 0, <CODE>let</CODE> returns 1; otherwise 0 is returned. <P> @@ -4773,7 +4907,8 @@ The <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> option specifies <VAR>quantum</VAR>. If <SAMP>`-C'</SAMP> is specified without <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP>, the default quantum is 5000. When <VAR>callback</VAR> is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next -array element to be assigned as an additional argument. +array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that element +as additional arguments. <VAR>callback</VAR> is evaluated after the line is read but before the array element is assigned. </P><P> @@ -4792,23 +4927,42 @@ is not an indexed array. <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>printf [-v <VAR>var</VAR>] <VAR>format</VAR> [<VAR>arguments</VAR>] </pre></td></tr></table>Write the formatted <VAR>arguments</VAR> to the standard output under the control of the <VAR>format</VAR>. +The <SAMP>`-v'</SAMP> option causes the output to be assigned to the variable +<VAR>var</VAR> rather than being printed to the standard output. +<P> + The <VAR>format</VAR> is a character string which contains three types of objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard output, character escape sequences, which are converted and copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next successive <VAR>argument</VAR>. -In addition to the standard <CODE>printf(1)</CODE> formats, <SAMP>`%b'</SAMP> causes -<CODE>printf</CODE> to expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding -<VAR>argument</VAR>, +In addition to the standard <CODE>printf(1)</CODE> formats, <CODE>printf</CODE> +interprets the following extensions: +</P><P> + +<DL COMPACT> +<DT><CODE>%b</CODE> +<DD>causes <CODE>printf</CODE> to expand backslash escape sequences in the +corresponding <VAR>argument</VAR>, (except that <SAMP>`\c'</SAMP> terminates output, backslashes in <SAMP>`\''</SAMP>, <SAMP>`\"'</SAMP>, and <SAMP>`\?'</SAMP> are not removed, and octal escapes -beginning with <SAMP>`\0'</SAMP> may contain up to four digits), -and <SAMP>`%q'</SAMP> causes <CODE>printf</CODE> to output the +beginning with <SAMP>`\0'</SAMP> may contain up to four digits). +<DT><CODE>%q</CODE> +<DD>causes <CODE>printf</CODE> to output the corresponding <VAR>argument</VAR> in a format that can be reused as shell input. +<DT><CODE>%(<VAR>datefmt</VAR>)T</CODE> +<DD>causes <CODE>printf</CODE> to output the date-time string resulting from using +<VAR>datefmt</VAR> as a format string for <CODE>strftime</CODE>(3). The corresponding +<VAR>argument</VAR> is an integer representing the number of seconds since the +epoch. Two special argument values may be used: -1 represents the current +time, and -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. +</DL> <P> -The <SAMP>`-v'</SAMP> option causes the output to be assigned to the variable -<VAR>var</VAR> rather than being printed to the standard output. +Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C language constants, +except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and if the leading +character is a single or double quote, the value is the ASCII value of +the following character. </P><P> The <VAR>format</VAR> is reused as necessary to consume all of the <VAR>arguments</VAR>. @@ -4856,7 +5010,7 @@ rather than newline. <P> <DT><CODE>-e</CODE> -<DD>Readline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>) is used to obtain the line. +<DD>Readline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8. Command Line Editing</A>) is used to obtain the line. Readline uses the current (or default, if line editing was not previously active) editing settings. <P> @@ -4934,7 +5088,7 @@ A synonym for <CODE>mapfile</CODE>. <DT><CODE>source</CODE> <DD><A NAME="IDX105"></A> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>source <VAR>filename</VAR> -</pre></td></tr></table>A synonym for <CODE>.</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). +</pre></td></tr></table>A synonym for <CODE>.</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>type</CODE> @@ -5069,7 +5223,8 @@ allow this value to be set). <P> <DT><CODE>-v</CODE> -<DD>The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the process. +<DD>The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell, and, on +some systems, to its children. <P> <DT><CODE>-x</CODE> @@ -5110,7 +5265,7 @@ or an error occurs while setting a new limit. Remove each <VAR>name</VAR> from the list of aliases. If <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP> is supplied, all aliases are removed. -Aliases are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>. +Aliases are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>. </P><P> </DL> @@ -5118,44 +5273,44 @@ Aliases are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>. <A NAME="Modifying Shell Behavior"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC61"></A> +<A NAME="SEC62"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 4.3 Modifying Shell Behavior </H2> -<!--docid::SEC61::--> +<!--docid::SEC62::--> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Change the values of shell attributes and +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Change the values of shell attributes and positional parameters.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Modify shell optional behavior.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Modify shell optional behavior.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> <A NAME="The Set Builtin"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC62"></A> +<A NAME="SEC63"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 4.3.1 The Set Builtin </H3> -<!--docid::SEC62::--> +<!--docid::SEC63::--> <P> This builtin is so complicated that it deserves its own section. <CODE>set</CODE> @@ -5166,8 +5321,8 @@ parameters, or to display the names and values of shell variables. <DL COMPACT> <DT><CODE>set</CODE> <DD><A NAME="IDX110"></A> -<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>set [--abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [-o <VAR>option</VAR>] [<VAR>argument</VAR> <small>...</small>] -set [+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [+o <VAR>option</VAR>] [<VAR>argument</VAR> <small>...</small>] +<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>set [--abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [-o <VAR>option-name</VAR>] [<VAR>argument</VAR> <small>...</small>] +set [+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [+o <VAR>option-name</VAR>] [<VAR>argument</VAR> <small>...</small>] </pre></td></tr></table><P> If no options or arguments are supplied, <CODE>set</CODE> displays the names @@ -5211,7 +5366,7 @@ A trap on <CODE>ERR</CODE>, if set, is executed before the shell exits. <P> This option applies to the shell environment and each subshell environment -separately (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A>), and may cause +separately (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A>), and may cause subshells to exit before executing all the commands in the subshell. </P><P> @@ -5231,7 +5386,7 @@ the command name. <P> <DT><CODE>-m</CODE> -<DD>Job control is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>). +<DD>Job control is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7. Job Control</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>-n</CODE> @@ -5256,7 +5411,7 @@ Set the option corresponding to <VAR>option-name</VAR>: <P> <DT><CODE>emacs</CODE> -<DD>Use an <CODE>emacs</CODE>-style line editing interface (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>). +<DD>Use an <CODE>emacs</CODE>-style line editing interface (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8. Command Line Editing</A>). This also affects the editing interface used for <CODE>read -e</CODE>. <P> @@ -5281,7 +5436,7 @@ This also affects the editing interface used for <CODE>read -e</CODE>. <P> <DT><CODE>history</CODE> -<DD>Enable command history, as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>. +<DD>Enable command history, as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>. This option is on by default in interactive shells. <P> @@ -5339,7 +5494,7 @@ This option is disabled by default. <DT><CODE>posix</CODE> <DD>Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs from the POSIX standard to match the standard -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>). This is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that standard. <P> @@ -5402,7 +5557,7 @@ the command and its expanded arguments. <P> <DT><CODE>-B</CODE> -<DD>The shell will perform brace expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>). +<DD>The shell will perform brace expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>). This option is on by default. <P> @@ -5418,7 +5573,7 @@ The <CODE>ERR</CODE> trap is normally not inherited in such cases. <P> <DT><CODE>-H</CODE> -<DD>Enable <SAMP>`!'</SAMP> style history substitution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>). +<DD>Enable <SAMP>`!'</SAMP> style history substitution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>). This option is on by default for interactive shells. <P> @@ -5483,20 +5638,20 @@ The return status is always zero unless an invalid option is supplied. <A NAME="The Shopt Builtin"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC63"></A> +<A NAME="SEC64"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin </H3> -<!--docid::SEC63::--> +<!--docid::SEC64::--> <P> This builtin allows you to change additional shell optional behavior. @@ -5535,7 +5690,7 @@ non-zero otherwise. <DT><CODE>-o</CODE> <DD>Restricts the values of <VAR>optname</VAR> to be those defined for the <SAMP>`-o'</SAMP> option to the -<CODE>set</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). +<CODE>set</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). </DL> <P> @@ -5589,7 +5744,7 @@ longer exists, a normal path search is performed. <DD>If set, Bash lists the status of any stopped and running jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a second exit is attempted without an -intervening command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>). +intervening command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7. Job Control</A>). The shell always postpones exiting if any jobs are stopped. <P> @@ -5609,7 +5764,32 @@ easy re-editing of multi-line commands. <DT><CODE>compat31</CODE> <DD>If set, Bash changes its behavior to that of version 3.1 with respect to quoted -arguments to the conditional command's =~ operator. +arguments to the conditional command's <SAMP>`=~'</SAMP> operator. +<P> + +<DT><CODE>compat32</CODE> +<DD>If set, Bash +changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 with respect to locale-specific +string comparison when using the <SAMP>`[['</SAMP> +conditional command's <SAMP>`<'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`>'</SAMP> operators. +Bash versions prior to bash-4.0 use ASCII collation and strcmp(3); +bash-4.1 and later use the current locale's collation sequence and strcoll(3). +<P> + +<DT><CODE>compat40</CODE> +<DD>If set, Bash +changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 with respect to locale-specific +string comparison when using the <SAMP>`[['</SAMP> +conditional command's <SAMP>`<'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`>'</SAMP> operators (see previous item) +and the effect of interrupting a command list. +<P> + +<DT><CODE>compat41</CODE> +<DD>If set, Bash, when in posix mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted +parameter expansion as a special character. The single quotes must match +(an even number) and the characters between the single quotes are considered +quoted. This is the behavior of POSIX mode through version 4.1. +The default Bash behavior remains as in previous versions. <P> <DT><CODE>dirspell</CODE> @@ -5632,7 +5812,7 @@ fails. <DT><CODE>expand_aliases</CODE> <DD>If set, aliases are expanded as described below under Aliases, -<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>. +<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>. This option is enabled by default for interactive shells. <P> @@ -5642,7 +5822,7 @@ This option is enabled by default for interactive shells. <OL> <LI> -The <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>declare</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>) +The <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>declare</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>) displays the source file name and line number corresponding to each function name supplied as an argument. <P> @@ -5661,7 +5841,7 @@ executed by the <CODE>.</CODE> or <CODE>source</CODE> builtins), a call to <LI> <CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE> and <CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE> are updated as described in their -descriptions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>). +descriptions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>). <P> <LI> @@ -5673,13 +5853,13 @@ subshells invoked with <CODE>( <VAR>command</VAR> )</CODE> inherit the <LI> Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and subshells invoked with <CODE>( <VAR>command</VAR> )</CODE> inherit the -<CODE>ERROR</CODE> trap. +<CODE>ERR</CODE> trap. </OL> <P> <DT><CODE>extglob</CODE> <DD>If set, the extended pattern matching features described above -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>) are enabled. +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>) are enabled. <P> <DT><CODE>extquote</CODE> @@ -5697,7 +5877,7 @@ result in an expansion error. <DD>If set, the suffixes specified by the <CODE>FIGNORE</CODE> shell variable cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if the ignored words are the only possible completions. -See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for a description of <CODE>FIGNORE</CODE>. +See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for a description of <CODE>FIGNORE</CODE>. This option is enabled by default. <P> @@ -5735,13 +5915,13 @@ the Readline editing buffer, allowing further modification. <DT><CODE>hostcomplete</CODE> <DD>If set, and Readline is being used, Bash will attempt to perform hostname completion when a word containing a <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> is being -completed (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A>). This option is enabled +completed (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A>). This option is enabled by default. <P> <DT><CODE>huponexit</CODE> <DD>If set, Bash will send <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> to all jobs when an interactive -login shell exits (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.6 Signals</A>). +login shell exits (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.7.6 Signals</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>interactive_comments</CODE> @@ -5751,6 +5931,11 @@ line to be ignored in an interactive shell. This option is enabled by default. <P> +<DT><CODE>lastpipe</CODE> +<DD>If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs the last command of +a pipeline not executed in the background in the current shell environment. +<P> + <DT><CODE>lithist</CODE> <DD>If enabled, and the <CODE>cmdhist</CODE> option is enabled, multi-line commands are saved to the history with @@ -5759,7 +5944,7 @@ embedded newlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible. <DT><CODE>login_shell</CODE> <DD>The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>). The value may not be changed. <P> @@ -5793,7 +5978,7 @@ files to expand to a null string, rather than themselves. <DT><CODE>progcomp</CODE> <DD>If set, the programmable completion facilities -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>) are enabled. +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>) are enabled. This option is enabled by default. <P> @@ -5801,13 +5986,13 @@ This option is enabled by default. <DD>If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal after being expanded -as described below (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>). +as described below (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>). This option is enabled by default. <P> <DT><CODE>restricted_shell</CODE> <DD>The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>). The value may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup files are executed, allowing the startup files to discover whether or not a shell is restricted. @@ -5844,20 +6029,20 @@ When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an <A NAME="Special Builtins"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC64"></A> +<A NAME="SEC65"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 4.4 Special Builtins </H2> -<!--docid::SEC64::--> +<!--docid::SEC65::--> <P> For historical reasons, the POSIX standard has classified @@ -5883,7 +6068,7 @@ environment after the command completes. When Bash is not executing in POSIX mode, these builtins behave no differently than the rest of the Bash builtin commands. -The Bash POSIX mode is described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>. +The Bash POSIX mode is described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>. </P><P> These are the POSIX special builtins: @@ -5893,26 +6078,26 @@ shift trap unset <A NAME="Shell Variables"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC65"></A> +<A NAME="SEC66"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> << </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H1> 5. Shell Variables </H1> -<!--docid::SEC65::--> +<!--docid::SEC66::--> <P> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Variables which Bash uses in the same way +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Variables which Bash uses in the same way as the Bourne Shell.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">List of variables that exist in Bash.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">List of variables that exist in Bash.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> @@ -5922,20 +6107,20 @@ Bash automatically assigns default values to a number of variables. <A NAME="Bourne Shell Variables"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC66"></A> +<A NAME="SEC67"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 5.1 Bourne Shell Variables </H2> -<!--docid::SEC66::--> +<!--docid::SEC67::--> <P> Bash uses certain shell variables in the same way as the Bourne shell. @@ -5957,7 +6142,7 @@ the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin command. The current user's home directory; the default for the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin command. The value of this variable is also used by tilde expansion -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>). <P> <A NAME="IDX116"></A> @@ -5970,9 +6155,10 @@ words as part of expansion. <A NAME="IDX118"></A> <DT><CODE>MAIL</CODE> <DD><A NAME="IDX119"></A> -If this parameter is set to a filename and the <CODE>MAILPATH</CODE> variable +If this parameter is set to a filename or directory name +and the <CODE>MAILPATH</CODE> variable is not set, Bash informs the user of the arrival of mail in -the specified file. +the specified file or Maildir-format directory. <P> <A NAME="IDX120"></A> @@ -6014,7 +6200,7 @@ or trailing colon. <DT><CODE>PS1</CODE> <DD><A NAME="IDX129"></A> The primary prompt string. The default value is <SAMP>`\s-\v\$ '</SAMP>. -See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>, for the complete list of escape +See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>, for the complete list of escape sequences that are expanded before <CODE>PS1</CODE> is displayed. <P> @@ -6029,20 +6215,20 @@ The secondary prompt string. The default value is <SAMP>`> '</SAMP>. <A NAME="Bash Variables"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC67"></A> +<A NAME="SEC68"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 5.2 Bash Variables </H2> -<!--docid::SEC67::--> +<!--docid::SEC68::--> <P> These variables are set or used by Bash, but other shells @@ -6051,7 +6237,7 @@ do not normally treat them specially. A few variables used by Bash are described in different chapters: variables for controlling the job control facilities -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.3 Job Control Variables</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">7.3 Job Control Variables</A>). </P><P> <DL COMPACT> @@ -6067,7 +6253,7 @@ The full pathname used to execute the current instance of Bash. <DD><A NAME="IDX135"></A> A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in the list is a valid argument for the <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> option to the -<CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>). +<CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>). The options appearing in <CODE>BASHOPTS</CODE> are those reported as <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> by <SAMP>`shopt'</SAMP>. If this variable is in the environment when Bash @@ -6078,7 +6264,7 @@ reading any startup files. This variable is readonly. <A NAME="IDX136"></A> <DT><CODE>BASHPID</CODE> <DD><A NAME="IDX137"></A> -Expands to the process id of the current Bash process. +Expands to the process ID of the current Bash process. This differs from <CODE>$$</CODE> under certain circumstances, such as subshells that do not require Bash to be re-initialized. <P> @@ -6087,8 +6273,8 @@ that do not require Bash to be re-initialized. <DT><CODE>BASH_ALIASES</CODE> <DD><A NAME="IDX139"></A> An associative array variable whose members correspond to the internal -list of aliases as maintained by the <CODE>alias</CODE> builtin -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). +list of aliases as maintained by the <CODE>alias</CODE> builtin. +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). Elements added to this array appear in the alias list; unsetting array elements cause aliases to be removed from the alias list. <P> @@ -6103,7 +6289,7 @@ with <CODE>.</CODE> or <CODE>source</CODE>) is at the top of the stack. When a subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed is pushed onto <CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE>. The shell sets <CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE> only when in extended debugging mode -(see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A> +(see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A> for a description of the <CODE>extdebug</CODE> option to the <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin). <P> @@ -6117,7 +6303,7 @@ is at the top of the stack; the first parameter of the initial call is at the bottom. When a subroutine is executed, the parameters supplied are pushed onto <CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE>. The shell sets <CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE> only when in extended debugging mode -(see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A> +(see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A> for a description of the <CODE>extdebug</CODE> option to the <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin). <P> @@ -6127,7 +6313,7 @@ builtin). <DD><A NAME="IDX145"></A> An associative array variable whose members correspond to the internal hash table of commands as maintained by the <CODE>hash</CODE> builtin -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). Elements added to this array appear in the hash table; unsetting array elements cause commands to be removed from the hash table. <P> @@ -6145,7 +6331,7 @@ in which case it is the command executing at the time of the trap. <DD><A NAME="IDX149"></A> If this variable is set when Bash is invoked to execute a shell script, its value is expanded and used as the name of a startup file -to read before executing the script. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>. +to read before executing the script. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC71">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>. <P> <A NAME="IDX150"></A> @@ -6158,11 +6344,11 @@ The command argument to the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> invocation option. <DT><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE> <DD><A NAME="IDX153"></A> An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source files -corresponding to each member of <VAR>FUNCNAME</VAR>. -<CODE>${BASH_LINENO[$i]}</CODE> is the line number in the source file where +where each corresponding member of <VAR>FUNCNAME</VAR> was invoked. +<CODE>${BASH_LINENO[$i]}</CODE> is the line number in the source file +(<CODE>${BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]}</CODE>) where <CODE>${FUNCNAME[$i]}</CODE> was called (or <CODE>${BASH_LINENO[$i-1]}</CODE> if -referenced within another shell function). -The corresponding source file name is <CODE>${BASH_SOURCE[$i]}</CODE>. +referenced within another shell function). Use <CODE>LINENO</CODE> to obtain the current line number. <P> @@ -6182,8 +6368,11 @@ This variable is read-only. <A NAME="IDX156"></A> <DT><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE> <DD><A NAME="IDX157"></A> -An array variable whose members are the source filenames corresponding -to the elements in the <CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE> array variable. +An array variable whose members are the source filenames where the +corresponding shell function names in the <CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE> array +variable are defined. +The shell function <CODE>${FUNCNAME[$i]}</CODE> is defined in the file +<CODE>${BASH_SOURCE[$i]}</CODE> and called from <CODE>${BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]}</CODE> <P> <A NAME="IDX158"></A> @@ -6196,7 +6385,7 @@ The initial value is 0. <A NAME="IDX160"></A> <DT><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE> <DD><A NAME="IDX161"></A> -A readonly array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>) +A readonly array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>) whose members hold version information for this instance of Bash. The values assigned to the array members are as follows: <P> @@ -6256,7 +6445,7 @@ being closed. <A NAME="IDX166"></A> <DT><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE> <DD><A NAME="IDX167"></A> -Used by the <CODE>select</CODE> builtin command to determine the terminal width +Used by the <CODE>select</CODE> command to determine the terminal width when printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a <CODE>SIGWINCH</CODE>. <P> @@ -6267,7 +6456,7 @@ when printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a An index into <CODE>${COMP_WORDS}</CODE> of the word containing the current cursor position. This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the -programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>). +programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>). <P> <A NAME="IDX170"></A> @@ -6276,7 +6465,7 @@ programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8. The current command line. This variable is available only in shell functions and external commands invoked by the -programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>). +programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>). <P> <A NAME="IDX172"></A> @@ -6288,7 +6477,7 @@ If the current cursor position is at the end of the current command, the value of this variable is equal to <CODE>${#COMP_LINE}</CODE>. This variable is available only in shell functions and external commands invoked by the -programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>). +programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>). <P> <A NAME="IDX174"></A> @@ -6304,7 +6493,7 @@ or <SAMP>`%'</SAMP>, for menu completion. This variable is available only in shell functions and external commands invoked by the -programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>). +programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>). <P> <A NAME="IDX176"></A> @@ -6331,7 +6520,7 @@ words in the current command line. The line is split into words as Readline would split it, using <CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE> as described above. This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the -programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>). +programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>). <P> <A NAME="IDX182"></A> @@ -6339,12 +6528,19 @@ programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8. <DD><A NAME="IDX183"></A> An array variable from which Bash reads the possible completions generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable completion -facility (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>). +facility (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>). <P> <A NAME="IDX184"></A> -<DT><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE> +<DT><CODE>COPROC</CODE> <DD><A NAME="IDX185"></A> +An array variable created to hold the file descriptors +for output from and input to an unnamed coprocess (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">3.2.5 Coprocesses</A>). +<P> + +<A NAME="IDX186"></A> +<DT><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE> +<DD><A NAME="IDX187"></A> An array variable containing the current contents of the directory stack. Directories appear in the stack in the order they are displayed by the <CODE>dirs</CODE> builtin. @@ -6356,31 +6552,38 @@ If <CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE> is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. <P> -<A NAME="IDX186"></A> +<A NAME="IDX188"></A> <DT><CODE>EMACS</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX187"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX189"></A> If Bash finds this variable in the environment when the shell starts with value <SAMP>`t'</SAMP>, it assumes that the shell is running in an -emacs shell buffer and disables line editing. +Emacs shell buffer and disables line editing. <P> -<A NAME="IDX188"></A> +<A NAME="IDX190"></A> +<DT><CODE>ENV</CODE> +<DD><A NAME="IDX191"></A> +Similar to <CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE>; used when the shell is invoked in +POSIX Mode (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>). +<P> + +<A NAME="IDX192"></A> <DT><CODE>EUID</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX189"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX193"></A> The numeric effective user id of the current user. This variable is readonly. <P> -<A NAME="IDX190"></A> +<A NAME="IDX194"></A> <DT><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX191"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX195"></A> The editor used as a default by the <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>fc</CODE> builtin command. <P> -<A NAME="IDX192"></A> +<A NAME="IDX196"></A> <DT><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX193"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX197"></A> A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing filename completion. A file name whose suffix matches one of the entries in @@ -6389,23 +6592,41 @@ is excluded from the list of matched file names. A sample value is <SAMP>`.o:~'</SAMP> <P> -<A NAME="IDX194"></A> +<A NAME="IDX198"></A> <DT><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX195"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX199"></A> An array variable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the execution call stack. The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing shell function. -The bottom-most element is <CODE>"main"</CODE>. +The bottom-most element (the one with the highest index) +is <CODE>"main"</CODE>. This variable exists only when a shell function is executing. Assignments to <CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE> have no effect and return an error status. If <CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE> is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. <P> -<A NAME="IDX196"></A> +This variable can be used with <CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE> and <CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE>. +Each element of <CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE> has corresponding elements in +<CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE> and <CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE> to describe the call stack. +For instance, <CODE>${FUNCNAME[$i]}</CODE> was called from the file +<CODE>${BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]}</CODE> at line number <CODE>${BASH_LINENO[$i]}</CODE>. +The <CODE>caller</CODE> builtin displays the current call stack using this +information. +</P><P> + +<A NAME="IDX200"></A> +<DT><CODE>FUNCNEST</CODE> +<DD><A NAME="IDX201"></A> +If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum function +nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this nesting level +will cause the current command to abort. +<P> + +<A NAME="IDX202"></A> <DT><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX197"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX203"></A> A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames to be ignored by filename expansion. If a filename matched by a filename expansion pattern also matches one @@ -6413,9 +6634,9 @@ of the patterns in <CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE>, it is removed from the list of matches. <P> -<A NAME="IDX198"></A> +<A NAME="IDX204"></A> <DT><CODE>GROUPS</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX199"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX205"></A> An array variable containing the list of groups of which the current user is a member. Assignments to <CODE>GROUPS</CODE> have no effect and return an error status. @@ -6423,11 +6644,11 @@ If <CODE>GROUPS</CODE> is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. <P> -<A NAME="IDX200"></A> +<A NAME="IDX206"></A> <DT><CODE>histchars</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX201"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX207"></A> Up to three characters which control history expansion, quick -substitution, and tokenization (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>). +substitution, and tokenization (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>). The first character is the <VAR>history expansion</VAR> character, that is, the character which signifies the start of a history expansion, normally <SAMP>`!'</SAMP>. The second character is the @@ -6440,17 +6661,17 @@ remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment. <P> -<A NAME="IDX202"></A> +<A NAME="IDX208"></A> <DT><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX203"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX209"></A> The history number, or index in the history list, of the current command. If <CODE>HISTCMD</CODE> is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. <P> -<A NAME="IDX204"></A> +<A NAME="IDX210"></A> <DT><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX205"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX211"></A> A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are saved on the history list. If the list of values includes <SAMP>`ignorespace'</SAMP>, lines which begin @@ -6471,16 +6692,16 @@ not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of <CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE>. <P> -<A NAME="IDX206"></A> +<A NAME="IDX212"></A> <DT><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX207"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX213"></A> The name of the file to which the command history is saved. The default value is <TT>`~/.bash_history'</TT>. <P> -<A NAME="IDX208"></A> +<A NAME="IDX214"></A> <DT><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX209"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX215"></A> The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When this variable is assigned a value, the history file is truncated, if necessary, by removing the oldest entries, @@ -6490,9 +6711,9 @@ writing it when an interactive shell exits. The default value is 500. <P> -<A NAME="IDX210"></A> +<A NAME="IDX216"></A> <DT><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX211"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX217"></A> A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the complete @@ -6514,16 +6735,16 @@ Combining these two patterns, separating them with a colon, provides the functionality of <CODE>ignoreboth</CODE>. </P><P> -<A NAME="IDX212"></A> +<A NAME="IDX218"></A> <DT><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX213"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX219"></A> The maximum number of commands to remember on the history list. The default value is 500. <P> -<A NAME="IDX214"></A> +<A NAME="IDX220"></A> <DT><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX215"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX221"></A> If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a format string for <VAR>strftime</VAR> to print the time stamp associated with each history entry displayed by the <CODE>history</CODE> builtin. @@ -6533,9 +6754,9 @@ This uses the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines. <P> -<A NAME="IDX216"></A> +<A NAME="IDX222"></A> <DT><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX217"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX223"></A> Contains the name of a file in the same format as <TT>`/etc/hosts'</TT> that should be read when the shell needs to complete a hostname. The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while the shell @@ -6549,21 +6770,21 @@ Bash attempts to read When <CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE> is unset, the hostname list is cleared. <P> -<A NAME="IDX218"></A> +<A NAME="IDX224"></A> <DT><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX219"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX225"></A> The name of the current host. <P> -<A NAME="IDX220"></A> +<A NAME="IDX226"></A> <DT><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX221"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX227"></A> A string describing the machine Bash is running on. <P> -<A NAME="IDX222"></A> +<A NAME="IDX228"></A> <DT><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX223"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX229"></A> Controls the action of the shell on receipt of an <CODE>EOF</CODE> character as the sole input. If set, the value denotes the number of consecutive <CODE>EOF</CODE> characters that can be read as the @@ -6574,82 +6795,82 @@ If the variable does not exist, then <CODE>EOF</CODE> signifies the end of input to the shell. This is only in effect for interactive shells. <P> -<A NAME="IDX224"></A> +<A NAME="IDX230"></A> <DT><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX225"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX231"></A> The name of the Readline initialization file, overriding the default of <TT>`~/.inputrc'</TT>. <P> -<A NAME="IDX226"></A> +<A NAME="IDX232"></A> <DT><CODE>LANG</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX227"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX233"></A> Used to determine the locale category for any category not specifically selected with a variable starting with <CODE>LC_</CODE>. <P> -<A NAME="IDX228"></A> +<A NAME="IDX234"></A> <DT><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX229"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX235"></A> This variable overrides the value of <CODE>LANG</CODE> and any other <CODE>LC_</CODE> variable specifying a locale category. <P> -<A NAME="IDX230"></A> +<A NAME="IDX236"></A> <DT><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX231"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX237"></A> This variable determines the collation order used when sorting the results of filename expansion, and determines the behavior of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating sequences within filename expansion and pattern matching -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>). <P> -<A NAME="IDX232"></A> +<A NAME="IDX238"></A> <DT><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX233"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX239"></A> This variable determines the interpretation of characters and the behavior of character classes within filename expansion and pattern -matching (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>). +matching (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>). <P> -<A NAME="IDX234"></A> +<A NAME="IDX240"></A> <DT><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX235"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX241"></A> This variable determines the locale used to translate double-quoted strings preceded by a <SAMP>`$'</SAMP> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A>). <P> -<A NAME="IDX236"></A> +<A NAME="IDX242"></A> <DT><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX237"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX243"></A> This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting. <P> -<A NAME="IDX238"></A> +<A NAME="IDX244"></A> <DT><CODE>LINENO</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX239"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX245"></A> The line number in the script or shell function currently executing. <P> -<A NAME="IDX240"></A> +<A NAME="IDX246"></A> <DT><CODE>LINES</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX241"></A> -Used by the <CODE>select</CODE> builtin command to determine the column length +<DD><A NAME="IDX247"></A> +Used by the <CODE>select</CODE> command to determine the column length for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a <CODE>SIGWINCH</CODE>. <P> -<A NAME="IDX242"></A> +<A NAME="IDX248"></A> <DT><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX243"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX249"></A> A string that fully describes the system type on which Bash is executing, in the standard GNU <VAR>cpu-company-system</VAR> format. <P> -<A NAME="IDX244"></A> +<A NAME="IDX250"></A> <DT><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX245"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX251"></A> How often (in seconds) that the shell should check for mail in the files specified in the <CODE>MAILPATH</CODE> or <CODE>MAIL</CODE> variables. The default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check @@ -6658,39 +6879,46 @@ If this variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking. <P> -<A NAME="IDX246"></A> +<A NAME="IDX252"></A> +<DT><CODE>MAPFILE</CODE> +<DD><A NAME="IDX253"></A> +An array variable created to hold the text read by the +<CODE>mapfile</CODE> builtin when no variable name is supplied. +<P> + +<A NAME="IDX254"></A> <DT><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX247"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX255"></A> The previous working directory as set by the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin. <P> -<A NAME="IDX248"></A> +<A NAME="IDX256"></A> <DT><CODE>OPTERR</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX249"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX257"></A> If set to the value 1, Bash displays error messages generated by the <CODE>getopts</CODE> builtin command. <P> -<A NAME="IDX250"></A> +<A NAME="IDX258"></A> <DT><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX251"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX259"></A> A string describing the operating system Bash is running on. <P> -<A NAME="IDX252"></A> +<A NAME="IDX260"></A> <DT><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX253"></A> -An array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>) +<DD><A NAME="IDX261"></A> +An array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>) containing a list of exit status values from the processes in the most-recently-executed foreground pipeline (which may contain only a single command). <P> -<A NAME="IDX254"></A> +<A NAME="IDX262"></A> <DT><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX255"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX263"></A> If this variable is in the environment when <CODE>bash</CODE> starts, the shell -enters POSIX mode (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>) before reading the +enters POSIX mode (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>) before reading the startup files, as if the <SAMP>`--posix'</SAMP> invocation option had been supplied. If it is set while the shell is running, <CODE>bash</CODE> enables POSIX mode, as if the command @@ -6698,70 +6926,84 @@ as if the command </pre></td></tr></table>had been executed. <P> -<A NAME="IDX256"></A> +<A NAME="IDX264"></A> <DT><CODE>PPID</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX257"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX265"></A> The process ID of the shell's parent process. This variable is readonly. <P> -<A NAME="IDX258"></A> +<A NAME="IDX266"></A> <DT><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX259"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX267"></A> If set, the value is interpreted as a command to execute before the printing of each primary prompt (<CODE>$PS1</CODE>). <P> -<A NAME="IDX260"></A> +<A NAME="IDX268"></A> <DT><CODE>PROMPT_DIRTRIM</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX261"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX269"></A> If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the number of trailing directory components to retain when expanding the <CODE>\w</CODE> and -<CODE>\W</CODE> prompt string escapes (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>). +<CODE>\W</CODE> prompt string escapes (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>). Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis. <P> -<A NAME="IDX262"></A> +<A NAME="IDX270"></A> <DT><CODE>PS3</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX263"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX271"></A> The value of this variable is used as the prompt for the <CODE>select</CODE> command. If this variable is not set, the <CODE>select</CODE> command prompts with <SAMP>`#? '</SAMP> <P> -<A NAME="IDX264"></A> +<A NAME="IDX272"></A> <DT><CODE>PS4</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX265"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX273"></A> The value is the prompt printed before the command line is echoed -when the <SAMP>`-x'</SAMP> option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). +when the <SAMP>`-x'</SAMP> option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). The first character of <CODE>PS4</CODE> is replicated multiple times, as necessary, to indicate multiple levels of indirection. The default is <SAMP>`+ '</SAMP>. <P> -<A NAME="IDX266"></A> +<A NAME="IDX274"></A> <DT><CODE>PWD</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX267"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX275"></A> The current working directory as set by the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin. <P> -<A NAME="IDX268"></A> +<A NAME="IDX276"></A> <DT><CODE>RANDOM</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX269"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX277"></A> Each time this parameter is referenced, a random integer between 0 and 32767 is generated. Assigning a value to this variable seeds the random number generator. <P> -<A NAME="IDX270"></A> +<A NAME="IDX278"></A> +<DT><CODE>READLINE_LINE</CODE> +<DD><A NAME="IDX279"></A> +The contents of the Readline line buffer, for use +with <SAMP>`bind -x'</SAMP> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). +<P> + +<A NAME="IDX280"></A> +<DT><CODE>READLINE_POINT</CODE> +<DD><A NAME="IDX281"></A> +The position of the insertion point in the Readline line buffer, for use +with <SAMP>`bind -x'</SAMP> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). +<P> + +<A NAME="IDX282"></A> <DT><CODE>REPLY</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX271"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX283"></A> The default variable for the <CODE>read</CODE> builtin. <P> -<A NAME="IDX272"></A> +<A NAME="IDX284"></A> <DT><CODE>SECONDS</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX273"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX285"></A> This variable expands to the number of seconds since the shell was started. Assignment to this variable resets the count to the value assigned, and the expanded value @@ -6769,20 +7011,20 @@ becomes the value assigned plus the number of seconds since the assignment. <P> -<A NAME="IDX274"></A> +<A NAME="IDX286"></A> <DT><CODE>SHELL</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX275"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX287"></A> The full pathname to the shell is kept in this environment variable. If it is not set when the shell starts, Bash assigns to it the full pathname of the current user's login shell. <P> -<A NAME="IDX276"></A> +<A NAME="IDX288"></A> <DT><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX277"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX289"></A> A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in the list is a valid argument for the <SAMP>`-o'</SAMP> option to the -<CODE>set</CODE> builtin command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). +<CODE>set</CODE> builtin command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). The options appearing in <CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE> are those reported as <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> by <SAMP>`set -o'</SAMP>. If this variable is in the environment when Bash @@ -6790,16 +7032,16 @@ starts up, each shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any startup files. This variable is readonly. <P> -<A NAME="IDX278"></A> +<A NAME="IDX290"></A> <DT><CODE>SHLVL</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX279"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX291"></A> Incremented by one each time a new instance of Bash is started. This is intended to be a count of how deeply your Bash shells are nested. <P> -<A NAME="IDX280"></A> +<A NAME="IDX292"></A> <DT><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX281"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX293"></A> The value of this parameter is used as a format string specifying how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the <CODE>time</CODE> reserved word should be displayed. @@ -6852,11 +7094,11 @@ If this variable is not set, Bash acts as if it had the value A trailing newline is added when the format string is displayed. </P><P> -<A NAME="IDX282"></A> +<A NAME="IDX294"></A> <DT><CODE>TMOUT</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX283"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX295"></A> If set to a value greater than zero, <CODE>TMOUT</CODE> is treated as the -default timeout for the <CODE>read</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). +default timeout for the <CODE>read</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). The <CODE>select</CODE> command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A>) terminates if input does not arrive after <CODE>TMOUT</CODE> seconds when input is coming from a terminal. @@ -6869,16 +7111,16 @@ Bash terminates after that number of seconds if input does not arrive. </P><P> -<A NAME="IDX284"></A> +<A NAME="IDX296"></A> <DT><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX285"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX297"></A> If set, Bash uses its value as the name of a directory in which Bash creates temporary files for the shell's use. <P> -<A NAME="IDX286"></A> +<A NAME="IDX298"></A> <DT><CODE>UID</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX287"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX299"></A> The numeric real user id of the current user. This variable is readonly. <P> @@ -6887,59 +7129,59 @@ The numeric real user id of the current user. This variable is readonly. <A NAME="Bash Features"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC68"></A> +<A NAME="SEC69"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> << </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H1> 6. Bash Features </H1> -<!--docid::SEC68::--> +<!--docid::SEC69::--> <P> This section describes features unique to Bash. </P><P> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Command line options that you can give +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Command line options that you can give to Bash.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">When and how Bash executes scripts.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What an interactive shell is.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Primitives used in composing expressions for +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC71">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">When and how Bash executes scripts.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What an interactive shell is.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Primitives used in composing expressions for the <CODE>test</CODE> builtin.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Arithmetic on shell variables.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Substituting one command for another.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Array Variables.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8 The Directory Stack</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">History of visited directories.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Controlling the PS1 string.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A more controlled mode of shell execution.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Making Bash behave more closely to what +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Arithmetic on shell variables.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Substituting one command for another.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Array Variables.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8 The Directory Stack</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">History of visited directories.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Controlling the PS1 string.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A more controlled mode of shell execution.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Making Bash behave more closely to what the POSIX standard specifies.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> <A NAME="Invoking Bash"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC69"></A> +<A NAME="SEC70"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC71"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 6.1 Invoking Bash </H2> -<!--docid::SEC69::--> +<!--docid::SEC70::--> <P> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o <VAR>option</VAR>] [-O <VAR>shopt_option</VAR>] [<VAR>argument</VAR> <small>...</small>] @@ -6947,8 +7189,9 @@ bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o <VAR>option</VAR>] [-O <VAR>shopt_opt bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o <VAR>option</VAR>] [-O <VAR>shopt_option</VAR>] [<VAR>argument</VAR> <small>...</small>] </pre></td></tr></table></P><P> -In addition to the single-character shell command-line options -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), there are several multi-character +All of the single-character options used with the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>) can be used as options when the shell is invoked. +In addition, there are several multi-character options that you can use. These options must appear on the command line before the single-character options to be recognized. </P><P> @@ -6956,11 +7199,9 @@ line before the single-character options to be recognized. <DL COMPACT> <DT><CODE>--debugger</CODE> <DD>Arrange for the debugger profile to be executed before the shell -starts. Turns on extended debugging mode (see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A> +starts. Turns on extended debugging mode (see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A> for a description of the <CODE>extdebug</CODE> option to the <CODE>shopt</CODE> -builtin) and shell function tracing -(see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A> for a description of the <CODE>-o functrace</CODE> -option). +builtin). <P> <DT><CODE>--dump-po-strings</CODE> @@ -6989,7 +7230,7 @@ in an interactive shell. <P> <DT><CODE>--noediting</CODE> -<DD>Do not use the GNU Readline library (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>) +<DD>Do not use the GNU Readline library (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8. Command Line Editing</A>) to read command lines when the shell is interactive. <P> @@ -7010,12 +7251,12 @@ invoked as <CODE>sh</CODE>. <DD>Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs from the POSIX standard to match the standard. This is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that -standard. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>, for a description of the Bash +standard. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>, for a description of the Bash POSIX mode. <P> <DT><CODE>--restricted</CODE> -<DD>Make the shell a restricted shell (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>). +<DD>Make the shell a restricted shell (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>--verbose</CODE> @@ -7043,7 +7284,7 @@ positional parameters, starting with <CODE>$0</CODE>. <DT><CODE>-i</CODE> <DD>Force the shell to run interactively. Interactive shells are -described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>. +described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>. <P> <DT><CODE>-l</CODE> @@ -7054,12 +7295,12 @@ When the shell is not interactive, the login shell startup files will be executed. <SAMP>`exec bash -l'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`exec bash --login'</SAMP> will replace the current shell with a Bash login shell. -See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>, for a description of the special behavior +See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC71">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>, for a description of the special behavior of a login shell. <P> <DT><CODE>-r</CODE> -<DD>Make the shell a restricted shell (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>). +<DD>Make the shell a restricted shell (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>-s</CODE> @@ -7080,7 +7321,7 @@ This implies the <SAMP>`-n'</SAMP> option; no commands will be executed. <DT><CODE>[-+]O [<VAR>shopt_option</VAR>]</CODE> <DD><VAR>shopt_option</VAR> is one of the shell options accepted by the -<CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>). +<CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>). If <VAR>shopt_option</VAR> is present, <SAMP>`-O'</SAMP> sets the value of that option; <SAMP>`+O'</SAMP> unsets it. If <VAR>shopt_option</VAR> is not supplied, the names and values of the shell @@ -7098,24 +7339,24 @@ Any arguments after the <CODE>--</CODE> are treated as filenames and arguments. </DL> <P> -<A NAME="IDX288"></A> +<A NAME="IDX300"></A> A <EM>login</EM> shell is one whose first character of argument zero is <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>, or one invoked with the <SAMP>`--login'</SAMP> option. </P><P> -<A NAME="IDX289"></A> +<A NAME="IDX301"></A> An <EM>interactive</EM> shell is one started without non-option arguments, unless <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> is specified, without specifying the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> option, and whose input and output are both connected to terminals (as determined by <CODE>isatty(3)</CODE>), or one -started with the <SAMP>`-i'</SAMP> option. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>, for more +started with the <SAMP>`-i'</SAMP> option. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>, for more information. </P><P> If arguments remain after option processing, and neither the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> nor the <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to -be the name of a file containing shell commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>). +be the name of a file containing shell commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>). When Bash is invoked in this fashion, <CODE>$0</CODE> is set to the name of the file, and the positional parameters are set to the remaining arguments. @@ -7126,34 +7367,34 @@ in the script. If no commands are executed, the exit status is 0. <A NAME="Bash Startup Files"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC70"></A> +<A NAME="SEC71"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 6.2 Bash Startup Files </H2> -<!--docid::SEC70::--> +<!--docid::SEC71::--> <P> This section describes how Bash executes its startup files. If any of the files exist but cannot be read, Bash reports an error. Tildes are expanded in file names as described above under -Tilde Expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>). +Tilde Expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>). </P><P> -Interactive shells are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>. +Interactive shells are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>. </P><P> -<A NAME="SEC71"></A> +<A NAME="SEC72"></A> <H4> Invoked as an interactive login shell, or with <SAMP>`--login'</SAMP> </H4> -<!--docid::SEC71::--> +<!--docid::SEC72::--> <P> When Bash is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a @@ -7170,9 +7411,9 @@ When a login shell exits, Bash reads and executes commands from the file <TT>`~/.bash_logout'</TT>, if it exists. </P><P> -<A NAME="SEC72"></A> +<A NAME="SEC73"></A> <H4> Invoked as an interactive non-login shell </H4> -<!--docid::SEC72::--> +<!--docid::SEC73::--> <P> When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started, Bash @@ -7187,9 +7428,9 @@ So, typically, your <TT>`~/.bash_profile'</TT> contains the line </pre></td></tr></table>after (or before) any login-specific initializations. </P><P> -<A NAME="SEC73"></A> +<A NAME="SEC74"></A> <H4> Invoked non-interactively </H4> -<!--docid::SEC73::--> +<!--docid::SEC74::--> <P> When Bash is started non-interactively, to run a shell script, @@ -7207,9 +7448,9 @@ As noted above, if a non-interactive shell is invoked with the login shell startup files. </P><P> -<A NAME="SEC74"></A> +<A NAME="SEC75"></A> <H4> Invoked with name <CODE>sh</CODE> </H4> -<!--docid::SEC74::--> +<!--docid::SEC75::--> <P> If Bash is invoked with the name <CODE>sh</CODE>, it tries to mimic the @@ -7236,9 +7477,9 @@ When invoked as <CODE>sh</CODE>, Bash enters POSIX mode after the startup files are read. </P><P> -<A NAME="SEC75"></A> +<A NAME="SEC76"></A> <H4> Invoked in POSIX mode </H4> -<!--docid::SEC75::--> +<!--docid::SEC76::--> <P> When Bash is started in POSIX mode, as with the @@ -7250,13 +7491,13 @@ expanded value. No other startup files are read. </P><P> -<A NAME="SEC76"></A> +<A NAME="SEC77"></A> <H4> Invoked by remote shell daemon </H4> -<!--docid::SEC76::--> +<!--docid::SEC77::--> <P> Bash attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard input -connected to a a network connection, as if by the remote shell +connected to a network connection, as when executed by the remote shell daemon, usually <CODE>rshd</CODE>, or the secure shell daemon <CODE>sshd</CODE>. If Bash determines it is being run in this fashion, it reads and executes commands from <TT>`~/.bashrc'</TT>, if that @@ -7268,9 +7509,9 @@ The <SAMP>`--norc'</SAMP> option may be used to inhibit this behavior, and the allow them to be specified. </P><P> -<A NAME="SEC77"></A> +<A NAME="SEC78"></A> <H4> Invoked with unequal effective and real UID/GIDs </H4> -<!--docid::SEC77::--> +<!--docid::SEC78::--> <P> If Bash is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to the @@ -7285,45 +7526,45 @@ the same, but the effective user id is not reset. <A NAME="Interactive Shells"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC78"></A> +<A NAME="SEC79"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC71"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 6.3 Interactive Shells </H2> -<!--docid::SEC78::--> +<!--docid::SEC79::--> <P> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3.1 What is an Interactive Shell?</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What determines whether a shell is Interactive.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80">6.3.2 Is this Shell Interactive?</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to tell if a shell is interactive.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.3.3 Interactive Shell Behavior</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What changes in a interactive shell?</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80">6.3.1 What is an Interactive Shell?</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What determines whether a shell is Interactive.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.3.2 Is this Shell Interactive?</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to tell if a shell is interactive.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.3.3 Interactive Shell Behavior</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What changes in a interactive shell?</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> <A NAME="What is an Interactive Shell?"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC79"></A> +<A NAME="SEC80"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 6.3.1 What is an Interactive Shell? </H3> -<!--docid::SEC79::--> +<!--docid::SEC80::--> <P> An interactive shell @@ -7344,20 +7585,20 @@ when an interactive shell is started. <A NAME="Is this Shell Interactive?"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC80"></A> +<A NAME="SEC81"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 6.3.2 Is this Shell Interactive? </H3> -<!--docid::SEC80::--> +<!--docid::SEC81::--> <P> To determine within a startup script whether or not Bash is @@ -7386,20 +7627,20 @@ fi <A NAME="Interactive Shell Behavior"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC81"></A> +<A NAME="SEC82"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 6.3.3 Interactive Shell Behavior </H3> -<!--docid::SEC81::--> +<!--docid::SEC82::--> <P> When the shell is running interactively, it changes its behavior in @@ -7408,11 +7649,11 @@ several ways. <OL> <LI> -Startup files are read and executed as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>. +Startup files are read and executed as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC71">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>. <P> <LI> -Job Control (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>) is enabled by default. When job +Job Control (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7. Job Control</A>) is enabled by default. When job control is in effect, Bash ignores the keyboard-generated job control signals <CODE>SIGTTIN</CODE>, <CODE>SIGTTOU</CODE>, and <CODE>SIGTSTP</CODE>. <P> @@ -7426,69 +7667,69 @@ second and subsequent lines of a multi-line command. <LI> Bash executes the value of the <CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE> variable as a command before printing the primary prompt, <CODE>$PS1</CODE> -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>). <P> <LI> -Readline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>) is used to read commands from +Readline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8. Command Line Editing</A>) is used to read commands from the user's terminal. <P> <LI> Bash inspects the value of the <CODE>ignoreeof</CODE> option to <CODE>set -o</CODE> instead of exiting immediately when it receives an <CODE>EOF</CODE> on its -standard input when reading a command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). +standard input when reading a command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). <P> <LI> -Command history (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>) -and history expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>) +Command history (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>) +and history expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>) are enabled by default. Bash will save the command history to the file named by <CODE>$HISTFILE</CODE> when an interactive shell exits. <P> <LI> -Alias expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>) is performed by default. +Alias expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>) is performed by default. <P> <LI> In the absence of any traps, Bash ignores <CODE>SIGTERM</CODE> -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.6 Signals</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.7.6 Signals</A>). <P> <LI> In the absence of any traps, <CODE>SIGINT</CODE> is caught and handled -((see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.6 Signals</A>). +((see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.7.6 Signals</A>). <CODE>SIGINT</CODE> will interrupt some shell builtins. <P> <LI> An interactive login shell sends a <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> to all jobs on exit -if the <CODE>huponexit</CODE> shell option has been enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.6 Signals</A>). +if the <CODE>huponexit</CODE> shell option has been enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.7.6 Signals</A>). <P> <LI> The <SAMP>`-n'</SAMP> invocation option is ignored, and <SAMP>`set -n'</SAMP> has -no effect (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). +no effect (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). <P> <LI> Bash will check for mail periodically, depending on the values of the <CODE>MAIL</CODE>, <CODE>MAILPATH</CODE>, and <CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE> shell variables -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>). <P> <LI> Expansion errors due to references to unbound shell variables after <SAMP>`set -u'</SAMP> has been enabled will not cause the shell to exit -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). <P> <LI> The shell will not exit on expansion errors caused by <VAR>var</VAR> being unset or null in <CODE>${<VAR>var</VAR>:?<VAR>word</VAR>}</CODE> expansions -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>). <P> <LI> @@ -7498,12 +7739,12 @@ shell to exit. <LI> When running in POSIX mode, a special builtin returning an error -status will not cause the shell to exit (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>). +status will not cause the shell to exit (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>). <P> <LI> A failed <CODE>exec</CODE> will not cause the shell to exit -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). <P> <LI> @@ -7513,13 +7754,13 @@ Parser syntax errors will not cause the shell to exit. <LI> Simple spelling correction for directory arguments to the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin is enabled by default (see the description of the <CODE>cdspell</CODE> -option to the <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>). +option to the <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>). <P> <LI> The shell will check the value of the <CODE>TMOUT</CODE> variable and exit if a command is not read within the specified number of seconds after -printing <CODE>$PS1</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>). +printing <CODE>$PS1</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>). <P> </OL> @@ -7527,20 +7768,20 @@ printing <CODE>$PS1</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Va <A NAME="Bash Conditional Expressions"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC82"></A> +<A NAME="SEC83"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions </H2> -<!--docid::SEC82::--> +<!--docid::SEC83::--> <P> Conditional expressions are used by the <CODE>[[</CODE> compound command @@ -7557,8 +7798,9 @@ If the <VAR>file</VAR> argument to one of the primaries is one of descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked. </P><P> -When used with <SAMP>`[['</SAMP>, The <SAMP>`<'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`>'</SAMP> operators sort +When used with <SAMP>`[['</SAMP>, the <SAMP>`<'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`>'</SAMP> operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. +The <CODE>test</CODE> command uses ASCII ordering. </P><P> Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow symbolic @@ -7630,10 +7872,6 @@ links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself. <DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists and is executable. <P> -<DT><CODE>-O <VAR>file</VAR></CODE> -<DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists and is owned by the effective user id. -<P> - <DT><CODE>-G <VAR>file</VAR></CODE> <DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists and is owned by the effective group id. <P> @@ -7642,12 +7880,21 @@ links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself. <DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists and is a symbolic link. <P> +<DT><CODE>-N <VAR>file</VAR></CODE> +<DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists and has been modified since it was last read. +<P> + +<DT><CODE>-O <VAR>file</VAR></CODE> +<DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists and is owned by the effective user id. +<P> + <DT><CODE>-S <VAR>file</VAR></CODE> <DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists and is a socket. <P> -<DT><CODE>-N <VAR>file</VAR></CODE> -<DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists and has been modified since it was last read. +<DT><CODE><VAR>file1</VAR> -ef <VAR>file2</VAR></CODE> +<DD>True if <VAR>file1</VAR> and <VAR>file2</VAR> refer to the same device and +inode numbers. <P> <DT><CODE><VAR>file1</VAR> -nt <VAR>file2</VAR></CODE> @@ -7660,15 +7907,14 @@ than <VAR>file2</VAR>, or if <VAR>file1</VAR> exists and <VAR>file2</VAR> does n or if <VAR>file2</VAR> exists and <VAR>file1</VAR> does not. <P> -<DT><CODE><VAR>file1</VAR> -ef <VAR>file2</VAR></CODE> -<DD>True if <VAR>file1</VAR> and <VAR>file2</VAR> refer to the same device and -inode numbers. -<P> - <DT><CODE>-o <VAR>optname</VAR></CODE> -<DD>True if shell option <VAR>optname</VAR> is enabled. +<DD>True if the shell option <VAR>optname</VAR> is enabled. The list of options appears in the description of the <SAMP>`-o'</SAMP> -option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). +option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). +<P> + +<DT><CODE>-v <VAR>varname</VAR></CODE> +<DD>True if the shell variable <VAR>varname</VAR> is set (has been assigned a value). <P> <DT><CODE>-z <VAR>string</VAR></CODE> @@ -7713,20 +7959,20 @@ may be positive or negative integers. <A NAME="Shell Arithmetic"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC83"></A> +<A NAME="SEC84"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 6.5 Shell Arithmetic </H2> -<!--docid::SEC83::--> +<!--docid::SEC84::--> <P> The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, as one of @@ -7828,13 +8074,13 @@ The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the <VAR>integer</VAR> attribute using <SAMP>`declare -i'</SAMP> is assigned a value. A null value evaluates to 0. -A shell variable need not have its integer attribute turned on +A shell variable need not have its <VAR>integer</VAR> attribute turned on to be used in an expression. </P><P> Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers. A leading <SAMP>`0x'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`0X'</SAMP> denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, -numbers take the form [<VAR>base</VAR><CODE>#</CODE>]<VAR>n</VAR>, where <VAR>base</VAR> +numbers take the form [<VAR>base</VAR><CODE>#</CODE>]<VAR>n</VAR>, where the optional <VAR>base</VAR> is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing the arithmetic base, and <VAR>n</VAR> is a number in that base. If <VAR>base</VAR><CODE>#</CODE> is omitted, then base 10 is used. @@ -7852,20 +8098,20 @@ rules above. <A NAME="Aliases"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC84"></A> +<A NAME="SEC85"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 6.6 Aliases </H2> -<!--docid::SEC84::--> +<!--docid::SEC85::--> <P> <VAR>Aliases</VAR> allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used @@ -7899,12 +8145,12 @@ command, and removed with the <CODE>unalias</CODE> command. There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text, as in <CODE>csh</CODE>. If arguments are needed, a shell function should be used -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.3 Shell Functions</A>). </P><P> Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the <CODE>expand_aliases</CODE> shell option is set using -<CODE>shopt</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>). +<CODE>shopt</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>). </P><P> The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are @@ -7932,20 +8178,20 @@ For almost every purpose, shell functions are preferred over aliases. <A NAME="Arrays"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC85"></A> +<A NAME="SEC86"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 6.7 Arrays </H2> -<!--docid::SEC85::--> +<!--docid::SEC86::--> <P> Bash provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables. @@ -7955,7 +8201,7 @@ There is no maximum limit on the size of an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned contiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including arithmetic -expressions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>) and are zero-based; +expressions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>) and are zero-based; associative arrays use arbitrary strings. </P><P> @@ -7965,8 +8211,11 @@ using the syntax </pre></td></tr></table></P><P> The <VAR>subscript</VAR> -is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number -greater than or equal to zero. To explicitly declare an array, use +is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number. +If <VAR>subscript</VAR> evaluates to a number less than zero, it is used as +an offset from one greater than the array's maximum index (so a subcript +of -1 refers to the last element of the array). +To explicitly declare an array, use <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>declare -a <VAR>name</VAR> </pre></td></tr></table>The syntax <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>declare -a <VAR>name</VAR>[<VAR>subscript</VAR>] @@ -8056,24 +8305,24 @@ reused as input. <A NAME="The Directory Stack"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC86"></A> +<A NAME="SEC87"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 6.8 The Directory Stack </H2> -<!--docid::SEC86::--> +<!--docid::SEC87::--> <P> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Bash builtin commands to manipulate +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Bash builtin commands to manipulate the directory stack.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> @@ -8092,26 +8341,26 @@ as the value of the <CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE> shell variable. <A NAME="Directory Stack Builtins"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC87"></A> +<A NAME="SEC88"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins </H3> -<!--docid::SEC87::--> +<!--docid::SEC88::--> <P> <DL COMPACT> <DT><CODE>dirs</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX290"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX302"></A> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>dirs [+<VAR>N</VAR> | -<VAR>N</VAR>] [-clpv] </pre></td></tr></table>Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories are added to the list with the <CODE>pushd</CODE> command; the @@ -8140,7 +8389,7 @@ line, prefixing each entry with its index in the stack. <P> <DT><CODE>popd</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX291"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX303"></A> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>popd [+<VAR>N</VAR> | -<VAR>N</VAR>] [-n] </pre></td></tr></table><P> @@ -8164,7 +8413,7 @@ from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. </DL> <P> -<A NAME="IDX292"></A> +<A NAME="IDX304"></A> <DT><CODE>pushd</CODE> <DD><TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>pushd [-n] [<VAR>+N</VAR> | <VAR>-N</VAR> | <VAR>dir</VAR> ] </pre></td></tr></table><P> @@ -8198,20 +8447,20 @@ executes the equivalent of `<CODE>cd</CODE> <VAR>dir</VAR>'. <A NAME="Printing a Prompt"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC88"></A> +<A NAME="SEC89"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 6.9 Controlling the Prompt </H2> -<!--docid::SEC88::--> +<!--docid::SEC89::--> <P> The value of the variable <CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE> is examined just before @@ -8290,7 +8539,7 @@ embed a terminal control sequence into the prompt. The command number and the history number are usually different: the history number of a command is its position in the history list, which may include commands restored from the history file -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>), while the command number is +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>), while the command number is the position in the sequence of commands executed during the current shell session. </P><P> @@ -8298,25 +8547,25 @@ shell session. After the string is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of the -<CODE>promptvars</CODE> shell option (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). +<CODE>promptvars</CODE> shell option (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). </P><P> <A NAME="The Restricted Shell"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC89"></A> +<A NAME="SEC90"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC71"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 6.10 The Restricted Shell </H2> -<!--docid::SEC89::--> +<!--docid::SEC90::--> <P> If Bash is started with the name <CODE>rbash</CODE>, or the @@ -8369,26 +8618,26 @@ These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read. </P><P> When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>), <CODE>rbash</CODE> turns off any restrictions in +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>), <CODE>rbash</CODE> turns off any restrictions in the shell spawned to execute the script. </P><P> <A NAME="Bash POSIX Mode"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC90"></A> +<A NAME="SEC91"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC71"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 6.11 Bash POSIX Mode </H2> -<!--docid::SEC90::--> +<!--docid::SEC91::--> <P> Starting Bash with the <SAMP>`--posix'</SAMP> command-line option or executing @@ -8476,6 +8725,12 @@ results in an invalid expression. <P> <LI> +Non-interactive shells exit if there is a syntax error in a script read +with the <CODE>.</CODE> or <CODE>source</CODE> builtins, or in a string processed by +the <CODE>eval</CODE> builtin. +<P> + +<LI> Redirection operators do not perform filename expansion on the word in the redirection unless the shell is interactive. <P> @@ -8498,6 +8753,26 @@ during command lookup. <P> <LI> +The <CODE>time</CODE> reserved word may be used by itself as a command. When +used in this way, it displays timing statistics for the shell and its +completed children. The <CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE> variable controls the format +of the timing information. +<P> + +<LI> +When parsing and expanding a ${<small>...</small>} expansion that appears within +double quotes, single quotes are no longer special and cannot be used to +quote a closing brace or other special character, unless the operator is +one of those defined to perform pattern removal. In this case, they do +not have to appear as matched pairs. +<P> + +<LI> +The parser does not recognize <CODE>time</CODE> as a reserved word if the next +token begins with a <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>. +<P> + +<LI> If a POSIX special builtin returns an error status, a non-interactive shell exits. The fatal errors are those listed in the POSIX standard, and include things like passing incorrect options, @@ -8506,15 +8781,6 @@ the command name, and so on. <P> <LI> -If <CODE>CDPATH</CODE> is set, the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin will not implicitly -append the current directory to it. This means that <CODE>cd</CODE> will -fail if no valid directory name can be constructed from -any of the entries in <CODE>$CDPATH</CODE>, even if the a directory with -the same name as the name given as an argument to <CODE>cd</CODE> exists -in the current directory. -<P> - -<LI> A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable assignment error occurs when no command name follows the assignment statements. @@ -8523,6 +8789,12 @@ a value to a readonly variable. <P> <LI> +A non-interactive shell exists with an error status if a variable +assignment error occurs in an assignment statement preceding a special +builtin, but not with any other simple command. +<P> + +<LI> A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the iteration variable in a <CODE>for</CODE> statement or the selection variable in a <CODE>select</CODE> statement is a readonly variable. @@ -8602,11 +8874,6 @@ falling back to <VAR>physical</VAR> mode. <P> <LI> -When the <CODE>pwd</CODE> builtin is supplied the <SAMP>`-P'</SAMP> option, it resets -<CODE>$PWD</CODE> to a pathname containing no symlinks. -<P> - -<LI> The <CODE>pwd</CODE> builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as the current directory, even if it is not asked to check the file system with the <SAMP>`-P'</SAMP> option. @@ -8676,25 +8943,25 @@ the <CODE>echo</CODE> builtin to be fully conformant. Bash can be configured to be POSIX-conformant by default, by specifying the <SAMP>`--enable-strict-posix-default'</SAMP> to <CODE>configure</CODE> when building -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">10.8 Optional Features</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">10.8 Optional Features</A>). </P><P> <A NAME="Job Control"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC91"></A> +<A NAME="SEC92"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> << </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H1> 7. Job Control </H1> -<!--docid::SEC91::--> +<!--docid::SEC92::--> <P> This chapter discusses what job control is, how it works, and how @@ -8702,30 +8969,30 @@ Bash allows you to access its facilities. </P><P> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How job control works.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Bash builtin commands used to interact +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How job control works.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Bash builtin commands used to interact with job control.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Variables Bash uses to customize job +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Variables Bash uses to customize job control.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> <A NAME="Job Control Basics"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC92"></A> +<A NAME="SEC93"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 7.1 Job Control Basics </H2> -<!--docid::SEC92::--> +<!--docid::SEC93::--> <P> Job control @@ -8819,13 +9086,13 @@ Normally, Bash waits until it is about to print a prompt before reporting changes in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the <SAMP>`-b'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin is enabled, -Bash reports such changes immediately (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). +Bash reports such changes immediately (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). Any trap on <CODE>SIGCHLD</CODE> is executed for each child process that exits. </P><P> If an attempt to exit Bash is made while jobs are stopped, (or running, if -the <CODE>checkjobs</CODE> option is enabled -- see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), the +the <CODE>checkjobs</CODE> option is enabled -- see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), the shell prints a warning message, and if the <CODE>checkjobs</CODE> option is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The <CODE>jobs</CODE> command may then be used to inspect their status. @@ -8835,26 +9102,26 @@ Bash does not print another warning, and any stopped jobs are terminated. <A NAME="Job Control Builtins"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC93"></A> +<A NAME="SEC94"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 7.2 Job Control Builtins </H2> -<!--docid::SEC93::--> +<!--docid::SEC94::--> <P> <DL COMPACT> <DT><CODE>bg</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX293"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX305"></A> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>bg [<VAR>jobspec</VAR> <small>...</small>] </pre></td></tr></table>Resume each suspended job <VAR>jobspec</VAR> in the background, as if it had been started with <SAMP>`&'</SAMP>. @@ -8866,7 +9133,7 @@ that was started without job control. <P> <DT><CODE>fg</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX294"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX306"></A> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>fg [<VAR>jobspec</VAR>] </pre></td></tr></table>Resume the job <VAR>jobspec</VAR> in the foreground and make it the current job. If <VAR>jobspec</VAR> is not supplied, the current job is used. @@ -8877,7 +9144,7 @@ job control enabled, <VAR>jobspec</VAR> does not specify a valid job or <P> <DT><CODE>jobs</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX295"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX307"></A> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>jobs [-lnprs] [<VAR>jobspec</VAR>] jobs -x <VAR>command</VAR> [<VAR>arguments</VAR>] </pre></td></tr></table><P> @@ -8922,7 +9189,7 @@ passing it <VAR>argument</VAR>s, returning its exit status. </P><P> <DT><CODE>kill</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX296"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX308"></A> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>kill [-s <VAR>sigspec</VAR>] [-n <VAR>signum</VAR>] [-<VAR>sigspec</VAR>] <VAR>jobspec</VAR> or <VAR>pid</VAR> kill -l [<VAR>exit_status</VAR>] </pre></td></tr></table>Send a signal specified by <VAR>sigspec</VAR> or <VAR>signum</VAR> to the process @@ -8942,7 +9209,7 @@ or non-zero if an error occurs or an invalid option is encountered. <P> <DT><CODE>wait</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX297"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX309"></A> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>wait [<VAR>jobspec</VAR> or <VAR>pid</VAR> ...] </pre></td></tr></table>Wait until the child process specified by each process ID <VAR>pid</VAR> or job specification <VAR>jobspec</VAR> exits and return the exit status of the @@ -8955,7 +9222,7 @@ of the shell, the return status is 127. <P> <DT><CODE>disown</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX298"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX310"></A> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>disown [-ar] [-h] [<VAR>jobspec</VAR> <small>...</small>] </pre></td></tr></table>Without options, each <VAR>jobspec</VAR> is removed from the table of active jobs. @@ -8970,7 +9237,7 @@ argument restricts operation to running jobs. <P> <DT><CODE>suspend</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX299"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX311"></A> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>suspend [-f] </pre></td></tr></table>Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a <CODE>SIGCONT</CODE> signal. @@ -8988,27 +9255,27 @@ supplied process IDs. <A NAME="Job Control Variables"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC94"></A> +<A NAME="SEC95"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 7.3 Job Control Variables </H2> -<!--docid::SEC94::--> +<!--docid::SEC95::--> <P> <DL COMPACT> -<A NAME="IDX300"></A> +<A NAME="IDX312"></A> <DT><CODE>auto_resume</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX301"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX313"></A> This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and job control. If this variable exists then single word simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates for resumption @@ -9021,7 +9288,7 @@ the string supplied must match the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to <SAMP>`substring'</SAMP>, the string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a stopped job. The <SAMP>`substring'</SAMP> value provides functionality -analogous to the <SAMP>`%?'</SAMP> job ID (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.1 Job Control Basics</A>). +analogous to the <SAMP>`%?'</SAMP> job ID (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.1 Job Control Basics</A>). If set to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a stopped job's name; this provides functionality analogous to the <SAMP>`%'</SAMP> job ID. @@ -9030,25 +9297,25 @@ analogous to the <SAMP>`%'</SAMP> job ID. </DL> <P> -<A NAME="IDX302"></A> +<A NAME="IDX314"></A> </P><P> <A NAME="Command Line Editing"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC95"></A> +<A NAME="SEC96"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> << </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H1> 8. Command Line Editing </H1> -<!--docid::SEC95::--> +<!--docid::SEC96::--> <P> This chapter describes the basic features of the GNU @@ -9058,46 +9325,46 @@ used by several different programs, including Bash. Command line editing is enabled by default when using an interactive shell, unless the <SAMP>`--noediting'</SAMP> option is supplied at shell invocation. Line editing is also used when using the <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> option to the -<CODE>read</CODE> builtin command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). -By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of emacs. +<CODE>read</CODE> builtin command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). +By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs. A vi-style line editing interface is also available. Line editing can be enabled at any time using the <SAMP>`-o emacs'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`-o vi'</SAMP> options to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin command -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), or disabled using the <SAMP>`+o emacs'</SAMP> or +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), or disabled using the <SAMP>`+o emacs'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`+o vi'</SAMP> options to <CODE>set</CODE>. </P><P> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8.1 Introduction to Line Editing</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Notation used in this text.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">8.2 Readline Interaction</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The minimum set of commands for editing a line.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3 Readline Init File</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Customizing Readline from a user's view.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A description of most of the Readline commands +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">8.1 Introduction to Line Editing</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Notation used in this text.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2 Readline Interaction</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The minimum set of commands for editing a line.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3 Readline Init File</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Customizing Readline from a user's view.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A description of most of the Readline commands available for binding</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.5 Readline vi Mode</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A short description of how to make Readline +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.5 Readline vi Mode</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A short description of how to make Readline behave like the vi editor.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to specify the possible completions for +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to specify the possible completions for a specific command.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtin commands to specify how to +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtin commands to specify how to complete arguments for a particular command.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> <A NAME="Introduction and Notation"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC96"></A> +<A NAME="SEC97"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 8.1 Introduction to Line Editing </H2> -<!--docid::SEC96::--> +<!--docid::SEC97::--> <P> The following paragraphs describe the notation used to represent @@ -9134,7 +9401,7 @@ character produced by <EM>metafying</EM> <KBD>C-k</KBD>. In addition, several keys have their own names. Specifically, <KBD>DEL</KBD>, <KBD>ESC</KBD>, <KBD>LFD</KBD>, <KBD>SPC</KBD>, <KBD>RET</KBD>, and <KBD>TAB</KBD> all stand for themselves when seen in this text, or in an init file -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3 Readline Init File</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3 Readline Init File</A>). If your keyboard lacks a <KBD>LFD</KBD> key, typing <KBD>C-j</KBD> will produce the desired character. The <KBD>RET</KBD> key may be labeled <KBD>Return</KBD> or <KBD>Enter</KBD> on @@ -9143,20 +9410,20 @@ some keyboards. <A NAME="Readline Interaction"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC97"></A> +<A NAME="SEC98"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 8.2 Readline Interaction </H2> -<!--docid::SEC97::--> +<!--docid::SEC98::--> <P> Often during an interactive session you type in a long line of text, @@ -9172,30 +9439,30 @@ regardless of the location of the cursor within the line. </P><P> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The least you need to know about Readline.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.2 Readline Movement Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Moving about the input line.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to delete text, and how to get it back!</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.4 Readline Arguments</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Giving numeric arguments to commands.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Searching through previous lines.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The least you need to know about Readline.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.2 Readline Movement Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Moving about the input line.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to delete text, and how to get it back!</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.2.4 Readline Arguments</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Giving numeric arguments to commands.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Searching through previous lines.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> <A NAME="Readline Bare Essentials"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC98"></A> +<A NAME="SEC99"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials </H3> -<!--docid::SEC98::--> +<!--docid::SEC99::--> <P> In order to enter characters into the line, simply type them. The typed @@ -9244,20 +9511,20 @@ than the character to the left of the cursor.) <A NAME="Readline Movement Commands"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC99"></A> +<A NAME="SEC100"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 8.2.2 Readline Movement Commands </H3> -<!--docid::SEC99::--> +<!--docid::SEC100::--> <P> The above table describes the most basic keystrokes that you need @@ -9288,24 +9555,24 @@ operate on characters while meta keystrokes operate on words. <A NAME="Readline Killing Commands"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC100"></A> +<A NAME="SEC101"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands </H3> -<!--docid::SEC100::--> +<!--docid::SEC101::--> <P> -<A NAME="IDX303"></A> -<A NAME="IDX304"></A> +<A NAME="IDX315"></A> +<A NAME="IDX316"></A> </P><P> <EM>Killing</EM> text means to delete the text from the line, but to save @@ -9325,7 +9592,7 @@ that when you yank it back, you get it all. The kill ring is not line specific; the text that you killed on a previously typed line is available to be yanked back later, when you are typing another line. -<A NAME="IDX305"></A> +<A NAME="IDX317"></A> </P><P> Here is the list of commands for killing text. @@ -9373,20 +9640,20 @@ the prior command is <KBD>C-y</KBD> or <KBD>M-y</KBD>. <A NAME="Readline Arguments"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC101"></A> +<A NAME="SEC102"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 8.2.4 Readline Arguments </H3> -<!--docid::SEC101::--> +<!--docid::SEC102::--> <P> You can pass numeric arguments to Readline commands. Sometimes the @@ -9408,24 +9675,24 @@ which will delete the next ten characters on the input line. <A NAME="Searching"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC102"></A> +<A NAME="SEC103"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History </H3> -<!--docid::SEC102::--> +<!--docid::SEC103::--> <P> Readline provides commands for searching through the command history -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>) +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>) for lines containing a specified string. There are two search modes: <EM>incremental</EM> and <EM>non-incremental</EM>. </P><P> @@ -9471,20 +9738,20 @@ typed by the user or be part of the contents of the current line. <A NAME="Readline Init File"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC103"></A> +<A NAME="SEC104"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 8.3 Readline Init File </H2> -<!--docid::SEC103::--> +<!--docid::SEC104::--> <P> Although the Readline library comes with a set of Emacs-like @@ -9508,43 +9775,43 @@ incorporating any changes that you might have made to it. </P><P> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Syntax for the commands in the inputrc file.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Syntax for the commands in the inputrc file.</TD></TR> </TABLE> <br> <TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Conditional key bindings in the inputrc file.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Conditional key bindings in the inputrc file.</TD></TR> </TABLE> <br> <TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.3.3 Sample Init File</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">An example inputrc file.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.3.3 Sample Init File</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">An example inputrc file.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> <A NAME="Readline Init File Syntax"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC104"></A> +<A NAME="SEC105"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax </H3> -<!--docid::SEC104::--> +<!--docid::SEC105::--> <P> There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the Readline init file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a <SAMP>`#'</SAMP> are comments. Lines beginning with a <SAMP>`$'</SAMP> indicate conditional -constructs (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A>). Other lines +constructs (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A>). Other lines denote variable settings and key bindings. </P><P> @@ -9577,18 +9844,18 @@ value results in the variable being set to off. </P><P> The <CODE>bind -V</CODE> command lists the current Readline variable names -and values. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>. +and values. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>. </P><P> A great deal of run-time behavior is changeable with the following variables. </P><P> -<A NAME="IDX306"></A> +<A NAME="IDX318"></A> <DL COMPACT> <DT><CODE>bell-style</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX307"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX319"></A> Controls what happens when Readline wants to ring the terminal bell. If set to <SAMP>`none'</SAMP>, Readline never rings the bell. If set to <SAMP>`visible'</SAMP>, Readline uses a visible bell if one is available. @@ -9597,27 +9864,45 @@ the terminal's bell. <P> <DT><CODE>bind-tty-special-chars</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX308"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX320"></A> If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline attempts to bind the control characters treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to their Readline equivalents. <P> <DT><CODE>comment-begin</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX309"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX321"></A> The string to insert at the beginning of the line when the <CODE>insert-comment</CODE> command is executed. The default value is <CODE>"#"</CODE>. <P> +<DT><CODE>completion-display-width</CODE> +<DD><A NAME="IDX322"></A> +The number of screen columns used to display possible matches +when performing completion. +The value is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the terminal +screen width. +A value of 0 will cause matches to be displayed one per line. +The default value is -1. +<P> + <DT><CODE>completion-ignore-case</CODE> -<DD>If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline performs filename matching and completion +<DD><A NAME="IDX323"></A> +If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline performs filename matching and completion in a case-insensitive fashion. The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. <P> +<DT><CODE>completion-map-case</CODE> +<DD><A NAME="IDX324"></A> +If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, and <VAR>completion-ignore-case</VAR> is enabled, Readline +treats hyphens (<SAMP>`-'</SAMP>) and underscores (<SAMP>`_'</SAMP>) as equivalent when +performing case-insensitive filename matching and completion. +<P> + <DT><CODE>completion-prefix-display-length</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX310"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX325"></A> The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of possible completions that is displayed without modification. When set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than this value are @@ -9625,7 +9910,7 @@ replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions. <P> <DT><CODE>completion-query-items</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX311"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX326"></A> The number of possible completions that determines when the user is asked whether the list of possibilities should be displayed. If the number of possible completions is greater than this value, @@ -9637,7 +9922,7 @@ The default limit is <CODE>100</CODE>. <P> <DT><CODE>convert-meta</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX312"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX327"></A> If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will convert characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth bit and prefixing an <KBD>ESC</KBD> character, converting them to a @@ -9645,14 +9930,14 @@ meta-prefixed key sequence. The default value is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>. <P> <DT><CODE>disable-completion</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX313"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX328"></A> If set to <SAMP>`On'</SAMP>, Readline will inhibit word completion. Completion characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been mapped to <CODE>self-insert</CODE>. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. <P> <DT><CODE>editing-mode</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX314"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX329"></A> The <CODE>editing-mode</CODE> variable controls which default set of key bindings is used. By default, Readline starts up in Emacs editing mode, where the keystrokes are most similar to Emacs. This variable can be @@ -9666,7 +9951,7 @@ keyboard. The default is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>. <P> <DT><CODE>enable-keypad</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX315"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX330"></A> When set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will try to enable the application keypad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the arrow keys. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. @@ -9680,13 +9965,13 @@ The default is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>. <P> <DT><CODE>expand-tilde</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX316"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX331"></A> If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, tilde expansion is performed when Readline attempts word completion. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. <P> <DT><CODE>history-preserve-point</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX317"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX332"></A> If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, the history code attempts to place the point (the current cursor position) at the same location on each history line retrieved with <CODE>previous-history</CODE> @@ -9694,13 +9979,13 @@ or <CODE>next-history</CODE>. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. <P> <DT><CODE>history-size</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX318"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX333"></A> Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history list. If set to zero, the number of entries in the history list is not limited. <P> <DT><CODE>horizontal-scroll-mode</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX319"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX334"></A> This variable can be set to either <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. Setting it to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> means that the text of the lines being edited will scroll horizontally on a single screen line when they are longer than the width @@ -9709,8 +9994,8 @@ this variable is set to <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. <P> <DT><CODE>input-meta</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX320"></A> -<A NAME="IDX321"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX335"></A> +<A NAME="IDX336"></A> If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will enable eight-bit input (it will not clear the eighth bit in the characters it reads), regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The @@ -9719,15 +10004,15 @@ synonym for this variable. <P> <DT><CODE>isearch-terminators</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX322"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX337"></A> The string of characters that should terminate an incremental search without -subsequently executing the character as a command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A>). +subsequently executing the character as a command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A>). If this variable has not been given a value, the characters <KBD>ESC</KBD> and <KBD>C-J</KBD> will terminate an incremental search. <P> <DT><CODE>keymap</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX323"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX338"></A> Sets Readline's idea of the current keymap for key binding commands. Acceptable <CODE>keymap</CODE> names are <CODE>emacs</CODE>, @@ -9750,14 +10035,14 @@ appended. The default is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>. <P> <DT><CODE>mark-modified-lines</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX324"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX339"></A> This variable, when set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, causes Readline to display an asterisk (<SAMP>`*'</SAMP>) at the start of history lines which have been modified. This variable is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP> by default. <P> <DT><CODE>mark-symlinked-directories</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX325"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX340"></A> If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, completed names which are symbolic links to directories have a slash appended (subject to the value of <CODE>mark-directories</CODE>). @@ -9765,23 +10050,31 @@ The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. <P> <DT><CODE>match-hidden-files</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX326"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX341"></A> This variable, when set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, causes Readline to match files whose names begin with a <SAMP>`.'</SAMP> (hidden files) when performing filename -completion, unless the leading <SAMP>`.'</SAMP> is +completion. +If set to <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>, the leading <SAMP>`.'</SAMP> must be supplied by the user in the filename to be completed. This variable is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> by default. <P> +<DT><CODE>menu-complete-display-prefix</CODE> +<DD><A NAME="IDX342"></A> +If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, menu completion displays the common prefix of the +list of possible completions (which may be empty) before cycling through +the list. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. +<P> + <DT><CODE>output-meta</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX327"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX343"></A> If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. <P> <DT><CODE>page-completions</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX328"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX344"></A> If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline uses an internal <CODE>more</CODE>-like pager to display a screenful of possible completions at a time. This variable is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> by default. @@ -9794,7 +10087,7 @@ The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. <P> <DT><CODE>revert-all-at-newline</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX329"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX345"></A> If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when <CODE>accept-line</CODE> is executed. By default, history lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists across @@ -9802,7 +10095,7 @@ calls to <CODE>readline</CODE>. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. <P> <DT><CODE>show-all-if-ambiguous</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX330"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX346"></A> This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, words which have more than one possible completion cause the @@ -9811,7 +10104,7 @@ The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. <P> <DT><CODE>show-all-if-unmodified</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX331"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX347"></A> This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in a fashion similar to <VAR>show-all-if-ambiguous</VAR>. If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, @@ -9823,7 +10116,7 @@ The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. <P> <DT><CODE>skip-completed-text</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX332"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX348"></A> If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, this alters the default completion behavior when inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled, readline @@ -9838,7 +10131,7 @@ The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. <P> <DT><CODE>visible-stats</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX333"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX349"></A> If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, a character denoting a file's type is appended to the filename when listing possible completions. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. @@ -9871,7 +10164,7 @@ to a string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a <VAR>macro</VAR>). The <CODE>bind -p</CODE> command displays Readline function names and bindings in a format that can put directly into an initialization file. -See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>. +See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>. </P><P> <DL COMPACT> @@ -9995,20 +10288,20 @@ insert a single <SAMP>`\'</SAMP> into the line: <A NAME="Conditional Init Constructs"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC105"></A> +<A NAME="SEC106"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs </H3> -<!--docid::SEC105::--> +<!--docid::SEC106::--> <P> Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional @@ -10080,20 +10373,20 @@ For example, the following directive reads from <TT>`/etc/inputrc'</TT>: <A NAME="Sample Init File"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC106"></A> +<A NAME="SEC107"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 8.3.3 Sample Init File </H3> -<!--docid::SEC106::--> +<!--docid::SEC107::--> <P> Here is an example of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This illustrates key @@ -10203,31 +10496,31 @@ $endif <A NAME="Bindable Readline Commands"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC107"></A> +<A NAME="SEC108"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 8.4 Bindable Readline Commands </H2> -<!--docid::SEC107::--> +<!--docid::SEC108::--> <P> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Moving about the line.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Getting at previous lines.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands for changing text.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands for killing and yanking.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Specifying numeric arguments, repeat counts.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Getting Readline to do the typing for you.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Saving and re-executing typed characters</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Other miscellaneous commands.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Moving about the line.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Getting at previous lines.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands for changing text.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands for killing and yanking.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Specifying numeric arguments, repeat counts.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Getting Readline to do the typing for you.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Saving and re-executing typed characters</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Other miscellaneous commands.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> @@ -10235,7 +10528,7 @@ This section describes Readline commands that may be bound to key sequences. You can list your key bindings by executing <CODE>bind -P</CODE> or, for a more terse format, suitable for an -<VAR>inputrc</VAR> file, <CODE>bind -p</CODE>. (See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>.) +<VAR>inputrc</VAR> file, <CODE>bind -p</CODE>. (See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>.) Command names without an accompanying key sequence are unbound by default. </P><P> @@ -10247,83 +10540,83 @@ The text between the point and mark is referred to as the <EM>region</EM>. <A NAME="Commands For Moving"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC108"></A> +<A NAME="SEC109"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 8.4.1 Commands For Moving </H3> -<!--docid::SEC108::--> +<!--docid::SEC109::--> <DL COMPACT> -<A NAME="IDX334"></A> +<A NAME="IDX350"></A> <DT><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX335"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX351"></A> Move to the start of the current line. <P> -<A NAME="IDX336"></A> +<A NAME="IDX352"></A> <DT><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX337"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX353"></A> Move to the end of the line. <P> -<A NAME="IDX338"></A> +<A NAME="IDX354"></A> <DT><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX339"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX355"></A> Move forward a character. <P> -<A NAME="IDX340"></A> +<A NAME="IDX356"></A> <DT><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX341"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX357"></A> Move back a character. <P> -<A NAME="IDX342"></A> +<A NAME="IDX358"></A> <DT><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX343"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX359"></A> Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of letters and digits. <P> -<A NAME="IDX344"></A> +<A NAME="IDX360"></A> <DT><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX345"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX361"></A> Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are composed of letters and digits. <P> -<A NAME="IDX346"></A> +<A NAME="IDX362"></A> <DT><CODE>shell-forward-word ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX347"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX363"></A> Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters. <P> -<A NAME="IDX348"></A> +<A NAME="IDX364"></A> <DT><CODE>shell-backward-word ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX349"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX365"></A> Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters. <P> -<A NAME="IDX350"></A> +<A NAME="IDX366"></A> <DT><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX351"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX367"></A> Clear the screen and redraw the current line, leaving the current line at the top of the screen. <P> -<A NAME="IDX352"></A> +<A NAME="IDX368"></A> <DT><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX353"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX369"></A> Refresh the current line. By default, this is unbound. <P> @@ -10332,26 +10625,26 @@ Refresh the current line. By default, this is unbound. <A NAME="Commands For History"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC109"></A> +<A NAME="SEC110"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History </H3> -<!--docid::SEC109::--> +<!--docid::SEC110::--> <P> <DL COMPACT> -<A NAME="IDX354"></A> +<A NAME="IDX370"></A> <DT><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX355"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX371"></A> Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the setting of @@ -10360,81 +10653,81 @@ If this line is a modified history line, then restore the history line to its original state. <P> -<A NAME="IDX356"></A> +<A NAME="IDX372"></A> <DT><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX357"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX373"></A> Move `back' through the history list, fetching the previous command. <P> -<A NAME="IDX358"></A> +<A NAME="IDX374"></A> <DT><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX359"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX375"></A> Move `forward' through the history list, fetching the next command. <P> -<A NAME="IDX360"></A> +<A NAME="IDX376"></A> <DT><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-<)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX361"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX377"></A> Move to the first line in the history. <P> -<A NAME="IDX362"></A> +<A NAME="IDX378"></A> <DT><CODE>end-of-history (M->)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX363"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX379"></A> Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently being entered. <P> -<A NAME="IDX364"></A> +<A NAME="IDX380"></A> <DT><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX365"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX381"></A> Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. <P> -<A NAME="IDX366"></A> +<A NAME="IDX382"></A> <DT><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX367"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX383"></A> Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' through the the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. <P> -<A NAME="IDX368"></A> +<A NAME="IDX384"></A> <DT><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX369"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX385"></A> Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' through the history as necessary using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. <P> -<A NAME="IDX370"></A> +<A NAME="IDX386"></A> <DT><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX371"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX387"></A> Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' through the the history as necessary using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. <P> -<A NAME="IDX372"></A> +<A NAME="IDX388"></A> <DT><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX373"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX389"></A> Search forward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the point. This is a non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound. <P> -<A NAME="IDX374"></A> +<A NAME="IDX390"></A> <DT><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX375"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX391"></A> Search backward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the point. This is a non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound. <P> -<A NAME="IDX376"></A> +<A NAME="IDX392"></A> <DT><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX377"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX393"></A> Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the second word on the previous line) at point. With an argument <VAR>n</VAR>, @@ -10445,14 +10738,18 @@ Once the argument <VAR>n</VAR> is computed, the argument is extracted as if the <SAMP>`!<VAR>n</VAR>'</SAMP> history expansion had been specified. <P> -<A NAME="IDX378"></A> +<A NAME="IDX394"></A> <DT><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX379"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX395"></A> Insert last argument to the previous command (the last word of the -previous history entry). With an -argument, behave exactly like <CODE>yank-nth-arg</CODE>. +previous history entry). +With a numeric argument, behave exactly like <CODE>yank-nth-arg</CODE>. Successive calls to <CODE>yank-last-arg</CODE> move back through the history -list, inserting the last argument of each line in turn. +list, inserting the last word (or the word specified by the argument to +the first call) of each line in turn. +Any numeric argument supplied to these successive calls determines +the direction to move through the history. A negative argument switches +the direction through the history (back or forward). The history expansion facilities are used to extract the last argument, as if the <SAMP>`!$'</SAMP> history expansion had been specified. <P> @@ -10462,63 +10759,63 @@ as if the <SAMP>`!$'</SAMP> history expansion had been specified. <A NAME="Commands For Text"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC110"></A> +<A NAME="SEC111"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text </H3> -<!--docid::SEC110::--> +<!--docid::SEC111::--> <P> <DL COMPACT> -<A NAME="IDX380"></A> +<A NAME="IDX396"></A> <DT><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX381"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX397"></A> Delete the character at point. If point is at the beginning of the line, there are no characters in the line, and the last character typed was not bound to <CODE>delete-char</CODE>, then return EOF. <P> -<A NAME="IDX382"></A> +<A NAME="IDX398"></A> <DT><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX383"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX399"></A> Delete the character behind the cursor. A numeric argument means to kill the characters instead of deleting them. <P> -<A NAME="IDX384"></A> +<A NAME="IDX400"></A> <DT><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX385"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX401"></A> Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the character behind the cursor is deleted. By default, this is not bound to a key. <P> -<A NAME="IDX386"></A> +<A NAME="IDX402"></A> <DT><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX387"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX403"></A> Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how to insert key sequences like <KBD>C-q</KBD>, for example. <P> -<A NAME="IDX388"></A> +<A NAME="IDX404"></A> <DT><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX389"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX405"></A> Insert yourself. <P> -<A NAME="IDX390"></A> +<A NAME="IDX406"></A> <DT><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX391"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX407"></A> Drag the character before the cursor forward over the character at the cursor, moving the cursor forward as well. If the insertion point @@ -10527,39 +10824,39 @@ transposes the last two characters of the line. Negative arguments have no effect. <P> -<A NAME="IDX392"></A> +<A NAME="IDX408"></A> <DT><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX393"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX409"></A> Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving point past that word as well. If the insertion point is at the end of the line, this transposes the last two words on the line. <P> -<A NAME="IDX394"></A> +<A NAME="IDX410"></A> <DT><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX395"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX411"></A> Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, uppercase the previous word, but do not move the cursor. <P> -<A NAME="IDX396"></A> +<A NAME="IDX412"></A> <DT><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX397"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX413"></A> Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, lowercase the previous word, but do not move the cursor. <P> -<A NAME="IDX398"></A> +<A NAME="IDX414"></A> <DT><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX399"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX415"></A> Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, capitalize the previous word, but do not move the cursor. <P> -<A NAME="IDX400"></A> +<A NAME="IDX416"></A> <DT><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX401"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX417"></A> Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argument, switches to overwrite mode. With an explicit non-positive numeric argument, switches to insert mode. This command affects only @@ -10581,139 +10878,139 @@ By default, this command is unbound. <A NAME="Commands For Killing"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC111"></A> +<A NAME="SEC112"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 8.4.4 Killing And Yanking </H3> -<!--docid::SEC111::--> +<!--docid::SEC112::--> <P> <DL COMPACT> -<A NAME="IDX402"></A> +<A NAME="IDX418"></A> <DT><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX403"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX419"></A> Kill the text from point to the end of the line. <P> -<A NAME="IDX404"></A> +<A NAME="IDX420"></A> <DT><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX405"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX421"></A> Kill backward to the beginning of the line. <P> -<A NAME="IDX406"></A> +<A NAME="IDX422"></A> <DT><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX407"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX423"></A> Kill backward from the cursor to the beginning of the current line. <P> -<A NAME="IDX408"></A> +<A NAME="IDX424"></A> <DT><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX409"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX425"></A> Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is. By default, this is unbound. <P> -<A NAME="IDX410"></A> +<A NAME="IDX426"></A> <DT><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX411"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX427"></A> Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>forward-word</CODE>. <P> -<A NAME="IDX412"></A> +<A NAME="IDX428"></A> <DT><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX413"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX429"></A> Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>backward-word</CODE>. <P> -<A NAME="IDX414"></A> +<A NAME="IDX430"></A> <DT><CODE>shell-kill-word ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX415"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX431"></A> Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>shell-forward-word</CODE>. <P> -<A NAME="IDX416"></A> -<DT><CODE>backward-kill-word ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX417"></A> +<A NAME="IDX432"></A> +<DT><CODE>shell-backward-kill-word ()</CODE> +<DD><A NAME="IDX433"></A> Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>shell-backward-word</CODE>. <P> -<A NAME="IDX418"></A> +<A NAME="IDX434"></A> <DT><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX419"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX435"></A> Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word boundary. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. <P> -<A NAME="IDX420"></A> +<A NAME="IDX436"></A> <DT><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX421"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX437"></A> Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. <P> -<A NAME="IDX422"></A> +<A NAME="IDX438"></A> <DT><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX423"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX439"></A> Delete all spaces and tabs around point. By default, this is unbound. <P> -<A NAME="IDX424"></A> +<A NAME="IDX440"></A> <DT><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX425"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX441"></A> Kill the text in the current region. By default, this command is unbound. <P> -<A NAME="IDX426"></A> +<A NAME="IDX442"></A> <DT><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX427"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX443"></A> Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer, so it can be yanked right away. By default, this command is unbound. <P> -<A NAME="IDX428"></A> +<A NAME="IDX444"></A> <DT><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX429"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX445"></A> Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word boundaries are the same as <CODE>backward-word</CODE>. By default, this command is unbound. <P> -<A NAME="IDX430"></A> +<A NAME="IDX446"></A> <DT><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX431"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX447"></A> Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word boundaries are the same as <CODE>forward-word</CODE>. By default, this command is unbound. <P> -<A NAME="IDX432"></A> +<A NAME="IDX448"></A> <DT><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX433"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX449"></A> Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point. <P> -<A NAME="IDX434"></A> +<A NAME="IDX450"></A> <DT><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX435"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX451"></A> Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. You can only do this if the prior command is <CODE>yank</CODE> or <CODE>yank-pop</CODE>. </DL> @@ -10721,32 +11018,32 @@ the prior command is <CODE>yank</CODE> or <CODE>yank-pop</CODE>. <A NAME="Numeric Arguments"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC112"></A> +<A NAME="SEC113"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments </H3> -<!--docid::SEC112::--> +<!--docid::SEC113::--> <DL COMPACT> -<A NAME="IDX436"></A> +<A NAME="IDX452"></A> <DT><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX437"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX453"></A> Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new argument. <KBD>M--</KBD> starts a negative argument. <P> -<A NAME="IDX438"></A> +<A NAME="IDX454"></A> <DT><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX439"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX455"></A> This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits define the argument. @@ -10764,26 +11061,26 @@ By default, this is not bound to a key. <A NAME="Commands For Completion"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC113"></A> +<A NAME="SEC114"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You </H3> -<!--docid::SEC113::--> +<!--docid::SEC114::--> <P> <DL COMPACT> -<A NAME="IDX440"></A> +<A NAME="IDX456"></A> <DT><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX441"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX457"></A> Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. The actual completion performed is application-specific. Bash attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the @@ -10793,22 +11090,25 @@ command (including aliases and functions) in turn. If none of these produces a match, filename completion is attempted. <P> -<A NAME="IDX442"></A> +<A NAME="IDX458"></A> <DT><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX443"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX459"></A> List the possible completions of the text before point. +When displaying completions, Readline sets the number of columns used +for display to the value of <CODE>completion-display-width</CODE>, the value of +the environment variable <CODE>COLUMNS</CODE>, or the screen width, in that order. <P> -<A NAME="IDX444"></A> +<A NAME="IDX460"></A> <DT><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX445"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX461"></A> Insert all completions of the text before point that would have been generated by <CODE>possible-completions</CODE>. <P> -<A NAME="IDX446"></A> +<A NAME="IDX462"></A> <DT><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX447"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX463"></A> Similar to <CODE>complete</CODE>, but replaces the word to be completed with a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated execution of <CODE>menu-complete</CODE> steps through the list @@ -10823,17 +11123,17 @@ This command is intended to be bound to <KBD>TAB</KBD>, but is unbound by default. <P> -<A NAME="IDX448"></A> +<A NAME="IDX464"></A> <DT><CODE>menu-complete-backward ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX449"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX465"></A> Identical to <CODE>menu-complete</CODE>, but moves backward through the list of possible completions, as if <CODE>menu-complete</CODE> had been given a negative argument. <P> -<A NAME="IDX450"></A> +<A NAME="IDX466"></A> <DT><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX451"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX467"></A> Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning or end of the line (like <CODE>delete-char</CODE>). If at the end of the line, behaves identically to @@ -10841,64 +11141,64 @@ If at the end of the line, behaves identically to This command is unbound by default. <P> -<A NAME="IDX452"></A> +<A NAME="IDX468"></A> <DT><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX453"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX469"></A> Attempt filename completion on the text before point. <P> -<A NAME="IDX454"></A> +<A NAME="IDX470"></A> <DT><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX455"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX471"></A> List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a filename. <P> -<A NAME="IDX456"></A> +<A NAME="IDX472"></A> <DT><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX457"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX473"></A> Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a username. <P> -<A NAME="IDX458"></A> +<A NAME="IDX474"></A> <DT><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX459"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX475"></A> List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a username. <P> -<A NAME="IDX460"></A> +<A NAME="IDX476"></A> <DT><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX461"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX477"></A> Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a shell variable. <P> -<A NAME="IDX462"></A> +<A NAME="IDX478"></A> <DT><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX463"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX479"></A> List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a shell variable. <P> -<A NAME="IDX464"></A> +<A NAME="IDX480"></A> <DT><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX465"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX481"></A> Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a hostname. <P> -<A NAME="IDX466"></A> +<A NAME="IDX482"></A> <DT><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX467"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX483"></A> List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a hostname. <P> -<A NAME="IDX468"></A> +<A NAME="IDX484"></A> <DT><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX469"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX485"></A> Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a command name. Command completion attempts to match the text against aliases, reserved words, shell @@ -10906,35 +11206,35 @@ functions, shell builtins, and finally executable filenames, in that order. <P> -<A NAME="IDX470"></A> +<A NAME="IDX486"></A> <DT><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX471"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX487"></A> List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a command name. <P> -<A NAME="IDX472"></A> +<A NAME="IDX488"></A> <DT><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX473"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX489"></A> Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text against lines from the history list for possible completion matches. <P> -<A NAME="IDX474"></A> +<A NAME="IDX490"></A> <DT><CODE>dabbrev-expand ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX475"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX491"></A> Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the text against lines from the history list for possible completion matches. <P> -<A NAME="IDX476"></A> +<A NAME="IDX492"></A> <DT><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX477"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX493"></A> Perform filename completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the shell -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>). <P> </DL> @@ -10942,38 +11242,38 @@ enclosed within braces so the list is available to the shell <A NAME="Keyboard Macros"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC114"></A> +<A NAME="SEC115"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 8.4.7 Keyboard Macros </H3> -<!--docid::SEC114::--> +<!--docid::SEC115::--> <DL COMPACT> -<A NAME="IDX478"></A> +<A NAME="IDX494"></A> <DT><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX479"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX495"></A> Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro. <P> -<A NAME="IDX480"></A> +<A NAME="IDX496"></A> <DT><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX481"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX497"></A> Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro and save the definition. <P> -<A NAME="IDX482"></A> +<A NAME="IDX498"></A> <DT><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX483"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX499"></A> Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the characters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard. <P> @@ -10983,103 +11283,103 @@ in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard. <A NAME="Miscellaneous Commands"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC115"></A> +<A NAME="SEC116"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands </H3> -<!--docid::SEC115::--> +<!--docid::SEC116::--> <DL COMPACT> -<A NAME="IDX484"></A> +<A NAME="IDX500"></A> <DT><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX485"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX501"></A> Read in the contents of the <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file, and incorporate any bindings or variable assignments found there. <P> -<A NAME="IDX486"></A> +<A NAME="IDX502"></A> <DT><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX487"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX503"></A> Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of <CODE>bell-style</CODE>). <P> -<A NAME="IDX488"></A> +<A NAME="IDX504"></A> <DT><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX489"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX505"></A> If the metafied character <VAR>x</VAR> is lowercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding uppercase character. <P> -<A NAME="IDX490"></A> +<A NAME="IDX506"></A> <DT><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX491"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX507"></A> Metafy the next character typed. This is for keyboards without a meta key. Typing <SAMP>`<KBD>ESC</KBD> f'</SAMP> is equivalent to typing <KBD>M-f</KBD>. <P> -<A NAME="IDX492"></A> +<A NAME="IDX508"></A> <DT><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX493"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX509"></A> Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line. <P> -<A NAME="IDX494"></A> +<A NAME="IDX510"></A> <DT><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX495"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX511"></A> Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the <CODE>undo</CODE> command enough times to get back to the beginning. <P> -<A NAME="IDX496"></A> +<A NAME="IDX512"></A> <DT><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX497"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX513"></A> Perform tilde expansion on the current word. <P> -<A NAME="IDX498"></A> +<A NAME="IDX514"></A> <DT><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX499"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX515"></A> Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied, the mark is set to that position. <P> -<A NAME="IDX500"></A> +<A NAME="IDX516"></A> <DT><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX501"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX517"></A> Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved as the mark. <P> -<A NAME="IDX502"></A> +<A NAME="IDX518"></A> <DT><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX503"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX519"></A> A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of that character. A negative count searches for previous occurrences. <P> -<A NAME="IDX504"></A> +<A NAME="IDX520"></A> <DT><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX505"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX521"></A> A character is read and point is moved to the previous occurrence of that character. A negative count searches for subsequent occurrences. <P> -<A NAME="IDX506"></A> +<A NAME="IDX522"></A> <DT><CODE>skip-csi-sequence ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX507"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX523"></A> Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin with a Control Sequence Indicator (CSI), usually ESC-[. If this sequence is @@ -11089,9 +11389,9 @@ stray characters into the editing buffer. This is unbound by default, but usually bound to ESC-[. <P> -<A NAME="IDX508"></A> +<A NAME="IDX524"></A> <DT><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX509"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX525"></A> Without a numeric argument, the value of the <CODE>comment-begin</CODE> variable is inserted at the beginning of the current line. If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if @@ -11106,115 +11406,115 @@ If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be removed, the line will be executed by the shell. <P> -<A NAME="IDX510"></A> +<A NAME="IDX526"></A> <DT><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX511"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX527"></A> Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the Readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This command is unbound by default. <P> -<A NAME="IDX512"></A> +<A NAME="IDX528"></A> <DT><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX513"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX529"></A> Print all of the settable variables and their values to the Readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This command is unbound by default. <P> -<A NAME="IDX514"></A> +<A NAME="IDX530"></A> <DT><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX515"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX531"></A> Print all of the Readline key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This command is unbound by default. <P> -<A NAME="IDX516"></A> +<A NAME="IDX532"></A> <DT><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX517"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX533"></A> The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname expansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern is used to generate a list of matching file names for possible completions. <P> -<A NAME="IDX518"></A> +<A NAME="IDX534"></A> <DT><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX519"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX535"></A> The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname expansion, and the list of matching file names is inserted, replacing the word. If a numeric argument is supplied, a <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> is appended before pathname expansion. <P> -<A NAME="IDX520"></A> +<A NAME="IDX536"></A> <DT><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX521"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX537"></A> The list of expansions that would have been generated by <CODE>glob-expand-word</CODE> is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a numeric argument is supplied, a <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> is appended before pathname expansion. <P> -<A NAME="IDX522"></A> +<A NAME="IDX538"></A> <DT><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX523"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX539"></A> Display version information about the current instance of Bash. <P> -<A NAME="IDX524"></A> +<A NAME="IDX540"></A> <DT><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX525"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX541"></A> Expand the line as the shell does. This performs alias and history expansion as well as all of the shell -word expansions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>). +word expansions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>). <P> -<A NAME="IDX526"></A> +<A NAME="IDX542"></A> <DT><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX527"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX543"></A> Perform history expansion on the current line. <P> -<A NAME="IDX528"></A> +<A NAME="IDX544"></A> <DT><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX529"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX545"></A> Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a space -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>). <P> -<A NAME="IDX530"></A> +<A NAME="IDX546"></A> <DT><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX531"></A> -Perform alias expansion on the current line (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>). +<DD><A NAME="IDX547"></A> +Perform alias expansion on the current line (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>). <P> -<A NAME="IDX532"></A> +<A NAME="IDX548"></A> <DT><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX533"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX549"></A> Perform history and alias expansion on the current line. <P> -<A NAME="IDX534"></A> +<A NAME="IDX550"></A> <DT><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX535"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX551"></A> A synonym for <CODE>yank-last-arg</CODE>. <P> -<A NAME="IDX536"></A> +<A NAME="IDX552"></A> <DT><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX537"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX553"></A> Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any argument is ignored. <P> -<A NAME="IDX538"></A> +<A NAME="IDX554"></A> <DT><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX539"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX555"></A> Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the result as shell commands. Bash attempts to invoke @@ -11227,31 +11527,31 @@ as the editor, in that order. <A NAME="Readline vi Mode"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC116"></A> +<A NAME="SEC117"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 8.5 Readline vi Mode </H2> -<!--docid::SEC116::--> +<!--docid::SEC117::--> <P> While the Readline library does not have a full set of <CODE>vi</CODE> editing functions, it does contain enough to allow simple editing of the line. The Readline <CODE>vi</CODE> mode behaves as specified in -the POSIX 1003.2 standard. +the POSIX standard. </P><P> In order to switch interactively between <CODE>emacs</CODE> and <CODE>vi</CODE> editing modes, use the <SAMP>`set -o emacs'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`set -o vi'</SAMP> -commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). +commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). The Readline default is <CODE>emacs</CODE> mode. </P><P> @@ -11265,25 +11565,25 @@ so forth. <A NAME="Programmable Completion"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC117"></A> +<A NAME="SEC118"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 8.6 Programmable Completion </H2> -<!--docid::SEC117::--> +<!--docid::SEC118::--> <P> When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for which a completion specification (a <VAR>compspec</VAR>) has been defined -using the <CODE>complete</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>), +using the <CODE>complete</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>), the programmable completion facilities are invoked. </P><P> @@ -11304,7 +11604,7 @@ the <SAMP>`-D'</SAMP> option to <CODE>complete</CODE> is used as the default. Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default Bash completion -described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A>) is performed. +described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A>) is performed. </P><P> First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. @@ -11313,7 +11613,7 @@ returned. When the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`-d'</SAMP> option is used for filename or directory name completion, the shell variable <CODE>FIGNORE</CODE> is used to filter the matches. -See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for a description of <CODE>FIGNORE</CODE>. +See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for a description of <CODE>FIGNORE</CODE>. </P><P> Any completions specified by a filename expansion pattern to the @@ -11331,9 +11631,9 @@ Shell quoting is honored. Each word is then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, -as described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>). +as described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>). The results are split using the rules described above -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A>). The results of the expansion are prefix-matched against the word being completed, and the matching words become the possible completions. </P><P> @@ -11342,7 +11642,7 @@ After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command specified with the <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`-C'</SAMP> options is invoked. When the command or function is invoked, the <CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE>, <CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE>, <CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE>, and <CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE> variables are -assigned values as described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>). +assigned values as described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>). If a shell function is being invoked, the <CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE> and <CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE> variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the first argument is the @@ -11357,7 +11657,7 @@ the matches. Any function specified with <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> is invoked first. The function may use any of the shell facilities, including the <CODE>compgen</CODE> and <CODE>compopt</CODE> builtins described below -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>), to generate the matches. +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>), to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions in the <CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE> array variable. </P><P> @@ -11424,7 +11724,7 @@ exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and changes the compspec associated with the command on which completion is being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is executed), programmable completion restarts from the beginning, with an -attempt to find a compspec for that command. This allows a set of +attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once. </P><P> @@ -11443,20 +11743,20 @@ complete -D -F _completion_loader <A NAME="Programmable Completion Builtins"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC118"></A> +<A NAME="SEC119"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins </H2> -<!--docid::SEC118::--> +<!--docid::SEC119::--> <P> Two builtin commands are available to manipulate the programmable completion @@ -11465,7 +11765,7 @@ facilities. <DL COMPACT> <DT><CODE>compgen</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX540"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX556"></A> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>compgen [<VAR>option</VAR>] [<VAR>word</VAR>]</CODE> </pre></td></tr></table><P> @@ -11491,7 +11791,7 @@ matches were generated. </P><P> <DT><CODE>complete</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX541"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX557"></A> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o <VAR>comp-option</VAR>] [-DE] [-A <VAR>action</VAR>] [-G <VAR>globpat</VAR>] [-W <VAR>wordlist</VAR>] [-F <VAR>function</VAR>] [-C <VAR>command</VAR>] [-X <VAR>filterpat</VAR>] [-P <VAR>prefix</VAR>] [-S <VAR>suffix</VAR>] <VAR>name</VAR> [<VAR>name</VAR> <small>...</small>]</CODE> @@ -11514,7 +11814,7 @@ blank line. </P><P> The process of applying these completion specifications when word completion -is attempted is described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>). The +is attempted is described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>). The <SAMP>`-D'</SAMP> option takes precedence over <SAMP>`-E'</SAMP>. </P><P> @@ -11585,7 +11885,7 @@ completions: <P> <DT><CODE>binding</CODE> -<DD>Readline key binding names (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A>). +<DD>Readline key binding names (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>builtin</CODE> @@ -11625,12 +11925,12 @@ completions: <P> <DT><CODE>helptopic</CODE> -<DD>Help topics as accepted by the <CODE>help</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). +<DD>Help topics as accepted by the <CODE>help</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>hostname</CODE> <DD>Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by the -<CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE> shell variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>). +<CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE> shell variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>job</CODE> @@ -11651,12 +11951,12 @@ completions: <DT><CODE>setopt</CODE> <DD>Valid arguments for the <SAMP>`-o'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>shopt</CODE> <DD>Shell option names as accepted by the <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>signal</CODE> @@ -11676,19 +11976,6 @@ completions: </DL> <P> -<DT><CODE>-G <VAR>globpat</VAR></CODE> -<DD>The filename expansion pattern <VAR>globpat</VAR> is expanded to generate -the possible completions. -<P> - -<DT><CODE>-W <VAR>wordlist</VAR></CODE> -<DD>The <VAR>wordlist</VAR> is split using the characters in the -<CODE>IFS</CODE> special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word -is expanded. -The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which -match the word being completed. -<P> - <DT><CODE>-C <VAR>command</VAR></CODE> <DD><VAR>command</VAR> is executed in a subshell environment, and its output is used as the possible completions. @@ -11701,13 +11988,9 @@ When it finishes, the possible completions are retrieved from the value of the <CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE> array variable. <P> -<DT><CODE>-X <VAR>filterpat</VAR></CODE> -<DD><VAR>filterpat</VAR> is a pattern as used for filename expansion. -It is applied to the list of possible completions generated by the -preceding options and arguments, and each completion matching -<VAR>filterpat</VAR> is removed from the list. -A leading <SAMP>`!'</SAMP> in <VAR>filterpat</VAR> negates the pattern; in this -case, any completion not matching <VAR>filterpat</VAR> is removed. +<DT><CODE>-G <VAR>globpat</VAR></CODE> +<DD>The filename expansion pattern <VAR>globpat</VAR> is expanded to generate +the possible completions. <P> <DT><CODE>-P <VAR>prefix</VAR></CODE> @@ -11718,6 +12001,23 @@ after all other options have been applied. <DT><CODE>-S <VAR>suffix</VAR></CODE> <DD><VAR>suffix</VAR> is appended to each possible completion after all other options have been applied. +<P> + +<DT><CODE>-W <VAR>wordlist</VAR></CODE> +<DD>The <VAR>wordlist</VAR> is split using the characters in the +<CODE>IFS</CODE> special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word +is expanded. +The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which +match the word being completed. +<P> + +<DT><CODE>-X <VAR>filterpat</VAR></CODE> +<DD><VAR>filterpat</VAR> is a pattern as used for filename expansion. +It is applied to the list of possible completions generated by the +preceding options and arguments, and each completion matching +<VAR>filterpat</VAR> is removed from the list. +A leading <SAMP>`!'</SAMP> in <VAR>filterpat</VAR> negates the pattern; in this +case, any completion not matching <VAR>filterpat</VAR> is removed. </DL> <P> @@ -11729,10 +12029,10 @@ an error occurs adding a completion specification. </P><P> <DT><CODE>compopt</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX542"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX558"></A> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>compopt</CODE> [-o <VAR>option</VAR>] [-DE] [+o <VAR>option</VAR>] [<VAR>name</VAR>] </pre></td></tr></table>Modify completion options for each <VAR>name</VAR> according to the -<VAR>option</VAR>s, or for the currently-execution completion if no <VAR>name</VAR>s +<VAR>option</VAR>s, or for the currently-executing completion if no <VAR>name</VAR>s are supplied. If no <VAR>option</VAR>s are given, display the completion options for each <VAR>name</VAR> or the current completion. @@ -11757,25 +12057,25 @@ specification exists, or an output error occurs. </DL> <P> -<A NAME="IDX543"></A> +<A NAME="IDX559"></A> </P><P> <A NAME="Using History Interactively"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC119"></A> +<A NAME="SEC120"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> > </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> > </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H1> 9. Using History Interactively </H1> -<!--docid::SEC119::--> +<!--docid::SEC120::--> <P> This chapter describes how to use the GNU History Library @@ -11786,34 +12086,34 @@ see the GNU Readline Library Manual. </P><P> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash lets you manipulate your command +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash lets you manipulate your command history.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The Bash builtin commands that manipulate +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The Bash builtin commands that manipulate the command history.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What it feels like using History as a user.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What it feels like using History as a user.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> <A NAME="Bash History Facilities"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC120"></A> +<A NAME="SEC121"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> > </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122"> > </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 9.1 Bash History Facilities </H2> -<!--docid::SEC120::--> +<!--docid::SEC121::--> <P> When the <SAMP>`-o history'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin -is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), +is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), the shell provides access to the <EM>command history</EM>, the list of commands previously typed. The value of the <CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE> shell variable is used as the @@ -11835,7 +12135,7 @@ the value of the <CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE> variable. When an interactive shell exits, the last <CODE>$HISTSIZE</CODE> lines are copied from the history list to the file named by <CODE>$HISTFILE</CODE>. -If the <CODE>histappend</CODE> shell option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>), +If the <CODE>histappend</CODE> shell option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>), the lines are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is overwritten. If <CODE>HISTFILE</CODE> @@ -11859,7 +12159,7 @@ The <CODE>history</CODE> builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and manipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the -history list (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A>). +history list (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A>). </P><P> The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history @@ -11874,25 +12174,25 @@ The <CODE>lithist</CODE> shell option causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of semicolons. The <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin is used to set these options. -See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for a description of <CODE>shopt</CODE>. +See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for a description of <CODE>shopt</CODE>. </P><P> <A NAME="Bash History Builtins"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC121"></A> +<A NAME="SEC122"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 9.2 Bash History Builtins </H2> -<!--docid::SEC121::--> +<!--docid::SEC122::--> <P> Bash provides two builtin commands which manipulate the @@ -11902,7 +12202,7 @@ history list and history file. <DL COMPACT> <DT><CODE>fc</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX544"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX560"></A> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>fc [-e <VAR>ename</VAR>] [-lnr] [<VAR>first</VAR>] [<VAR>last</VAR>]</CODE> <CODE>fc -s [<VAR>pat</VAR>=<VAR>rep</VAR>] [<VAR>command</VAR>]</CODE> </pre></td></tr></table><P> @@ -11932,11 +12232,11 @@ of <VAR>pat</VAR> in the selected command is replaced by <VAR>rep</VAR>. A useful alias to use with the <CODE>fc</CODE> command is <CODE>r='fc -s'</CODE>, so that typing <SAMP>`r cc'</SAMP> runs the last command beginning with <CODE>cc</CODE> -and typing <SAMP>`r'</SAMP> re-executes the last command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>). +and typing <SAMP>`r'</SAMP> re-executes the last command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>). </P><P> <DT><CODE>history</CODE> -<DD><A NAME="IDX545"></A> +<DD><A NAME="IDX561"></A> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>history [<VAR>n</VAR>] history -c history -d <VAR>offset</VAR> @@ -12014,20 +12314,20 @@ the value of the <CODE>HISTFILE</CODE> variable is used. <A NAME="History Interaction"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC122"></A> +<A NAME="SEC123"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123"> > </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124"> > </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 9.3 History Expansion </H2> -<!--docid::SEC122::--> +<!--docid::SEC123::--> <P> The History library provides a history expansion feature that is similar @@ -12057,7 +12357,7 @@ character. </P><P> Several shell options settable with the <CODE>shopt</CODE> -builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>) may be used to tailor +builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>) may be used to tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the <CODE>histverify</CODE> shell option is enabled, and Readline is being used, history substitutions are not immediately passed to @@ -12077,39 +12377,41 @@ This is most useful in conjunction with Readline. The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history expansion mechanism with the <CODE>histchars</CODE> variable, -as explained above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>). The shell uses +as explained above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>). The shell uses the history comment character to mark history timestamps when writing the history file. </P><P> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to specify which history line to use.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3.2 Word Designators</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Specifying which words are of interest.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">9.3.3 Modifiers</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Modifying the results of substitution.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to specify which history line to use.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">9.3.2 Word Designators</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Specifying which words are of interest.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">9.3.3 Modifiers</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Modifying the results of substitution.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> <A NAME="Event Designators"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC123"></A> +<A NAME="SEC124"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124"> > </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> > </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 9.3.1 Event Designators </H3> -<!--docid::SEC123::--> +<!--docid::SEC124::--> <P> An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the history list. -<A NAME="IDX546"></A> +Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to the current +position in the history list. +<A NAME="IDX562"></A> </P><P> <DL COMPACT> @@ -12133,11 +12435,16 @@ the end of the line, <SAMP>`='</SAMP> or <SAMP>`('</SAMP> (when the <P> <DT><CODE>!<VAR>string</VAR></CODE> -<DD>Refer to the most recent command starting with <VAR>string</VAR>. +<DD>Refer to the most recent command +preceding the current position in the history list +starting with <VAR>string</VAR>. <P> <DT><CODE>!?<VAR>string</VAR>[?]</CODE> -<DD>Refer to the most recent command containing <VAR>string</VAR>. The trailing +<DD>Refer to the most recent command +preceding the current position in the history list +containing <VAR>string</VAR>. +The trailing <SAMP>`?'</SAMP> may be omitted if the <VAR>string</VAR> is followed immediately by a newline. <P> @@ -12157,20 +12464,20 @@ with <VAR>string2</VAR>. Equivalent to <A NAME="Word Designators"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC124"></A> +<A NAME="SEC125"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 9.3.2 Word Designators </H3> -<!--docid::SEC124::--> +<!--docid::SEC125::--> <P> Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. @@ -12252,20 +12559,20 @@ previous command is used as the event. <A NAME="Modifiers"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC125"></A> +<A NAME="SEC126"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> > </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> > </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3> 9.3.3 Modifiers </H3> -<!--docid::SEC125::--> +<!--docid::SEC126::--> <P> After the optional word designator, you can add a sequence of one or more @@ -12334,20 +12641,20 @@ or with <SAMP>`&'</SAMP>. <A NAME="Installing Bash"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC126"></A> +<A NAME="SEC127"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> > </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> > </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H1> 10. Installing Bash </H1> -<!--docid::SEC126::--> +<!--docid::SEC127::--> <P> This chapter provides basic instructions for installing Bash on @@ -12359,38 +12666,38 @@ MS-DOS, OS/2, and Windows platforms. </P><P> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Installation instructions.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.2 Compilers and Options</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to set special options for various +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Installation instructions.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.2 Compilers and Options</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to set special options for various systems.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to compile Bash for more +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC130">10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to compile Bash for more than one kind of system from the same source tree.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC130">10.4 Installation Names</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to set the various paths used by the installation.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131">10.5 Specifying the System Type</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to configure Bash for a particular system.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132">10.6 Sharing Defaults</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to share default configuration values among GNU +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131">10.4 Installation Names</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to set the various paths used by the installation.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132">10.5 Specifying the System Type</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to configure Bash for a particular system.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133">10.6 Sharing Defaults</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to share default configuration values among GNU programs.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133">10.7 Operation Controls</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Options recognized by the configuration program.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">10.8 Optional Features</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to enable and disable optional features when +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">10.7 Operation Controls</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Options recognized by the configuration program.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">10.8 Optional Features</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to enable and disable optional features when building Bash.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> <A NAME="Basic Installation"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC127"></A> +<A NAME="SEC128"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 10.1 Basic Installation </H2> -<!--docid::SEC127::--> +<!--docid::SEC128::--> <P> These are installation instructions for Bash. @@ -12480,20 +12787,20 @@ a different kind of computer), type <SAMP>`make distclean'</SAMP>. <A NAME="Compilers and Options"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC128"></A> +<A NAME="SEC129"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC130"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC130"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 10.2 Compilers and Options </H2> -<!--docid::SEC128::--> +<!--docid::SEC129::--> <P> Some systems require unusual options for compilation or linking @@ -12518,20 +12825,20 @@ is available. <A NAME="Compiling For Multiple Architectures"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC129"></A> +<A NAME="SEC130"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC130"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC130"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures </H2> -<!--docid::SEC129::--> +<!--docid::SEC130::--> <P> You can compile Bash for more than one kind of computer at the @@ -12570,20 +12877,20 @@ directories for other architectures. <A NAME="Installation Names"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC130"></A> +<A NAME="SEC131"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC130"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 10.4 Installation Names </H2> -<!--docid::SEC130::--> +<!--docid::SEC131::--> <P> By default, <SAMP>`make install'</SAMP> will install into @@ -12604,20 +12911,20 @@ Documentation and other data files will still use the regular prefix. <A NAME="Specifying the System Type"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC131"></A> +<A NAME="SEC132"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC130"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 10.5 Specifying the System Type </H2> -<!--docid::SEC131::--> +<!--docid::SEC132::--> <P> There may be some features <CODE>configure</CODE> can not figure out @@ -12636,20 +12943,20 @@ values of each field. <A NAME="Sharing Defaults"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC132"></A> +<A NAME="SEC133"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 10.6 Sharing Defaults </H2> -<!--docid::SEC132::--> +<!--docid::SEC133::--> <P> If you want to set default values for <CODE>configure</CODE> scripts to @@ -12665,20 +12972,20 @@ but not all <CODE>configure</CODE> scripts do. <A NAME="Operation Controls"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC133"></A> +<A NAME="SEC134"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 10.7 Operation Controls </H2> -<!--docid::SEC133::--> +<!--docid::SEC134::--> <P> <CODE>configure</CODE> recognizes the following options to control how it @@ -12721,20 +13028,20 @@ options. <SAMP>`configure --help'</SAMP> prints the complete list. <A NAME="Optional Features"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC134"></A> +<A NAME="SEC135"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> 10.8 Optional Features </H2> -<!--docid::SEC134::--> +<!--docid::SEC135::--> <P> The Bash <CODE>configure</CODE> has a number of <SAMP>`--enable-<VAR>feature</VAR>'</SAMP> @@ -12841,7 +13148,7 @@ necessary support. <DL COMPACT> <DT><CODE>--enable-alias</CODE> <DD>Allow alias expansion and include the <CODE>alias</CODE> and <CODE>unalias</CODE> -builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>). +builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-arith-for-command</CODE> @@ -12852,18 +13159,18 @@ that behaves like the C language <CODE>for</CODE> statement <DT><CODE>--enable-array-variables</CODE> <DD>Include support for one-dimensional array shell variables -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-bang-history</CODE> <DD>Include support for <CODE>csh</CODE>-like history substitution -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-brace-expansion</CODE> <DD>Include <CODE>csh</CODE>-like brace expansion ( <CODE>b{a,b}c</CODE> ==> <CODE>bac bbc</CODE> ). -See <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>, for a complete description. +See <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>, for a complete description. <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-casemod-attributes</CODE> @@ -12906,13 +13213,13 @@ This allows pipelines as well as shell builtins and functions to be timed. <DT><CODE>--enable-directory-stack</CODE> <DD>Include support for a <CODE>csh</CODE>-like directory stack and the <CODE>pushd</CODE>, <CODE>popd</CODE>, and <CODE>dirs</CODE> builtins -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-disabled-builtins</CODE> <DD>Allow builtin commands to be invoked via <SAMP>`builtin xxx'</SAMP> even after <CODE>xxx</CODE> has been disabled using <SAMP>`enable -n xxx'</SAMP>. -See <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for details of the <CODE>builtin</CODE> and +See <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for details of the <CODE>builtin</CODE> and <CODE>enable</CODE> builtin commands. <P> @@ -12923,26 +13230,26 @@ See <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for details of t <DT><CODE>--enable-extended-glob</CODE> <DD>Include support for the extended pattern matching features described -above under <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>. +above under <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>. <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-extended-glob-default</CODE> <DD>Set the default value of the <VAR>extglob</VAR> shell option described -above under <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A> to be enabled. +above under <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A> to be enabled. <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-help-builtin</CODE> <DD>Include the <CODE>help</CODE> builtin, which displays help on shell builtins and -variables (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). +variables (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-history</CODE> <DD>Include command history and the <CODE>fc</CODE> and <CODE>history</CODE> -builtin commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>). +builtin commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-job-control</CODE> -<DD>This enables the job control features (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>), +<DD>This enables the job control features (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7. Job Control</A>), if the operating system supports them. <P> @@ -12955,41 +13262,41 @@ system provides the necessary support. <DD>This enables the special handling of filenames of the form <CODE>/dev/tcp/<VAR>host</VAR>/<VAR>port</VAR></CODE> and <CODE>/dev/udp/<VAR>host</VAR>/<VAR>port</VAR></CODE> -when used in redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>). +when used in redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-process-substitution</CODE> -<DD>This enables process substitution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A>) if +<DD>This enables process substitution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A>) if the operating system provides the necessary support. <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-progcomp</CODE> <DD>Enable the programmable completion facilities -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>). If Readline is not enabled, this option has no effect. <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-prompt-string-decoding</CODE> <DD>Turn on the interpretation of a number of backslash-escaped characters in the <CODE>$PS1</CODE>, <CODE>$PS2</CODE>, <CODE>$PS3</CODE>, and <CODE>$PS4</CODE> prompt -strings. See <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>, for a complete list of prompt +strings. See <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>, for a complete list of prompt string escape sequences. <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-readline</CODE> <DD>Include support for command-line editing and history with the Bash -version of the Readline library (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>). +version of the Readline library (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8. Command Line Editing</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-restricted</CODE> <DD>Include support for a <EM>restricted shell</EM>. If this is enabled, Bash, when called as <CODE>rbash</CODE>, enters a restricted mode. See -<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>, for a description of restricted mode. +<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>, for a description of restricted mode. <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-select</CODE> -<DD>Include the <CODE>select</CODE> builtin, which allows the generation of simple -menus (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A>). +<DD>Include the <CODE>select</CODE> compound command, which allows the generation of +simple menus (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-separate-helpfiles</CODE> @@ -13005,7 +13312,7 @@ literals. <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-strict-posix-default</CODE> -<DD>Make Bash POSIX-conformant by default (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>). +<DD>Make Bash POSIX-conformant by default (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-usg-echo-default</CODE> @@ -13018,7 +13325,7 @@ without requiring the <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> option. This sets the default value of the <CODE>xpg_echo</CODE> shell option to <CODE>on</CODE>, which makes the Bash <CODE>echo</CODE> behave more like the version specified in the Single Unix Specification, version 3. -See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for a description of the escape sequences that +See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for a description of the escape sequences that <CODE>echo</CODE> recognizes. <P> @@ -13036,20 +13343,20 @@ information about its effect. <A NAME="Reporting Bugs"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC135"></A> +<A NAME="SEC136"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> << </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H1> A. Reporting Bugs </H1> -<!--docid::SEC135::--> +<!--docid::SEC136::--> <P> Please report all bugs you find in Bash. @@ -13094,20 +13401,20 @@ Please send all reports concerning this manual to <A NAME="Major Differences From The Bourne Shell"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC136"></A> +<A NAME="SEC137"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> << </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H1> B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell </H1> -<!--docid::SEC136::--> +<!--docid::SEC137::--> <P> Bash implements essentially the same grammar, parameter and @@ -13126,27 +13433,27 @@ last version of the historical Bourne shell) as the baseline reference. <LI> Bash is POSIX-conformant, even where the POSIX specification -differs from traditional <CODE>sh</CODE> behavior (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>). +differs from traditional <CODE>sh</CODE> behavior (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>). <P> <LI> -Bash has multi-character invocation options (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>). +Bash has multi-character invocation options (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>). <P> <LI> -Bash has command-line editing (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>) and +Bash has command-line editing (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8. Command Line Editing</A>) and the <CODE>bind</CODE> builtin. <P> <LI> Bash provides a programmable word completion mechanism -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>), and builtin commands +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>), and builtin commands <CODE>complete</CODE>, <CODE>compgen</CODE>, and <CODE>compopt</CODE>, to manipulate it. <P> <LI> -Bash has command history (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>) and the +Bash has command history (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>) and the <CODE>history</CODE> and <CODE>fc</CODE> builtins to manipulate it. The Bash history list maintains timestamp information and uses the value of the <CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE> variable to display it. @@ -13154,11 +13461,11 @@ value of the <CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE> variable to display it. <LI> Bash implements <CODE>csh</CODE>-like history expansion -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>). <P> <LI> -Bash has one-dimensional array variables (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>), and the +Bash has one-dimensional array variables (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>), and the appropriate variable expansions and assignment syntax to use them. Several of the Bash builtins take options to act on arrays. Bash provides a number of built-in array variables. @@ -13214,19 +13521,19 @@ Bash provides optional case-insensitive matching for the <CODE>case</CODE> and <P> <LI> -Bash includes brace expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>) and tilde -expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>). +Bash includes brace expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>) and tilde +expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>). <P> <LI> Bash implements command aliases and the <CODE>alias</CODE> and <CODE>unalias</CODE> -builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>). +builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>). <P> <LI> Bash provides shell arithmetic, the <CODE>((</CODE> compound command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A>), -and arithmetic expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>). +and arithmetic expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>). <P> <LI> @@ -13244,37 +13551,37 @@ of the variable named on the left hand side. <LI> Bash includes the POSIX pattern removal <SAMP>`%'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`#'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`%%'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`##'</SAMP> expansions to remove leading or trailing substrings from -variable values (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>). +variable values (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>). <P> <LI> The expansion <CODE>${#xx}</CODE>, which returns the length of <CODE>${xx}</CODE>, -is supported (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>). +is supported (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>). <P> <LI> The expansion <CODE>${var:</CODE><VAR>offset</VAR><CODE>[:</CODE><VAR>length</VAR><CODE>]}</CODE>, which expands to the substring of <CODE>var</CODE>'s value of length <VAR>length</VAR>, beginning at <VAR>offset</VAR>, is present -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>). <P> <LI> The expansion <CODE>${var/[/]</CODE><VAR>pattern</VAR><CODE>[/</CODE><VAR>replacement</VAR><CODE>]}</CODE>, which matches <VAR>pattern</VAR> and replaces it with <VAR>replacement</VAR> in -the value of <CODE>var</CODE>, is available (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>). +the value of <CODE>var</CODE>, is available (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>). <P> <LI> The expansion <CODE>${!<VAR>prefix}*</VAR></CODE> expansion, which expands to the names of all shell variables whose names begin with <VAR>prefix</VAR>, -is available (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>). +is available (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>). <P> <LI> Bash has <VAR>indirect</VAR> variable expansion using <CODE>${!word}</CODE> -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>). <P> <LI> @@ -13284,13 +13591,13 @@ Bash can expand positional parameters beyond <CODE>$9</CODE> using <LI> The POSIX <CODE>$()</CODE> form of command substitution -is implemented (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A>), +is implemented (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A>), and preferred to the Bourne shell's <CODE>"</CODE> (which is also implemented for backwards compatibility). <P> <LI> -Bash has process substitution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A>). +Bash has process substitution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A>). <P> <LI> @@ -13298,25 +13605,25 @@ Bash automatically assigns variables that provide information about the current user (<CODE>UID</CODE>, <CODE>EUID</CODE>, and <CODE>GROUPS</CODE>), the current host (<CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE>, <CODE>OSTYPE</CODE>, <CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE>, and <CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE>), and the instance of Bash that is running (<CODE>BASH</CODE>, -<CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE>, and <CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE>). See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, +<CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE>, and <CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE>). See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for details. <P> <LI> The <CODE>IFS</CODE> variable is used to split only the results of expansion, -not all words (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A>). +not all words (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A>). This closes a longstanding shell security hole. <P> <LI> Bash implements the full set of POSIX filename expansion operators, including <VAR>character classes</VAR>, <VAR>equivalence classes</VAR>, and -<VAR>collating symbols</VAR> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>). +<VAR>collating symbols</VAR> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>). <P> <LI> Bash implements extended pattern matching features when the <CODE>extglob</CODE> -shell option is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>). +shell option is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>). <P> <LI> @@ -13327,12 +13634,12 @@ It is possible to have a variable and a function with the same name; <LI> Bash functions are permitted to have local variables using the <CODE>local</CODE> builtin, and thus useful recursive functions may be written -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). <P> <LI> Variable assignments preceding commands affect only that command, even -builtins and functions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.4 Environment</A>). +builtins and functions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.4 Environment</A>). In <CODE>sh</CODE>, all variable assignments preceding commands are global unless the command is executed from the file system. @@ -13340,14 +13647,14 @@ file system. <LI> Bash performs filename expansion on filenames specified as operands -to input and output redirection operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>). +to input and output redirection operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>). <P> <LI> Bash contains the <SAMP>`<>'</SAMP> redirection operator, allowing a file to be opened for both reading and writing, and the <SAMP>`&>'</SAMP> redirection operator, for directing standard output and standard error to the same -file (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>). +file (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>). <P> <LI> @@ -13362,22 +13669,22 @@ redirection operators, which move one file descriptor to another. <LI> Bash treats a number of filenames specially when they are -used in redirection operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>). +used in redirection operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>). <P> <LI> Bash can open network connections to arbitrary machines and services -with the redirection operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>). +with the redirection operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>). <P> <LI> The <CODE>noclobber</CODE> option is available to avoid overwriting existing -files with output redirection (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). +files with output redirection (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). The <SAMP>`>|'</SAMP> redirection operator may be used to override <CODE>noclobber</CODE>. <P> <LI> -The Bash <CODE>cd</CODE> and <CODE>pwd</CODE> builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) +The Bash <CODE>cd</CODE> and <CODE>pwd</CODE> builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) each take <SAMP>`-L'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`-P'</SAMP> options to switch between logical and physical modes. <P> @@ -13385,29 +13692,29 @@ physical modes. <LI> Bash allows a function to override a builtin with the same name, and provides access to that builtin's functionality within the function via the -<CODE>builtin</CODE> and <CODE>command</CODE> builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). +<CODE>builtin</CODE> and <CODE>command</CODE> builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). <P> <LI> The <CODE>command</CODE> builtin allows selective disabling of functions -when command lookup is performed (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). +when command lookup is performed (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). <P> <LI> Individual builtins may be enabled or disabled using the <CODE>enable</CODE> -builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). +builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). <P> <LI> The Bash <CODE>exec</CODE> builtin takes additional options that allow users to control the contents of the environment passed to the executed command, and what the zeroth argument to the command is to be -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). <P> <LI> Shell functions may be exported to children via the environment -using <CODE>export -f</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A>). +using <CODE>export -f</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.3 Shell Functions</A>). <P> <LI> @@ -13423,21 +13730,21 @@ and values simultaneously. The Bash <CODE>hash</CODE> builtin allows a name to be associated with an arbitrary filename, even when that filename cannot be found by searching the <CODE>$PATH</CODE>, using <SAMP>`hash -p'</SAMP> -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). <P> <LI> Bash includes a <CODE>help</CODE> builtin for quick reference to shell -facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). +facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). <P> <LI> The <CODE>printf</CODE> builtin is available to display formatted output -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). <P> <LI> -The Bash <CODE>read</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>) +The Bash <CODE>read</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>) will read a line ending in <SAMP>`\'</SAMP> with the <SAMP>`-r'</SAMP> option, and will use the <CODE>REPLY</CODE> variable as a default if no non-option arguments are supplied. @@ -13456,28 +13763,28 @@ until a particular character rather than newline. <LI> The <CODE>return</CODE> builtin may be used to abort execution of scripts executed with the <CODE>.</CODE> or <CODE>source</CODE> builtins -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). <P> <LI> Bash includes the <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin, for finer control of shell -optional capabilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), and allows these options -to be set and unset at shell invocation (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>). +optional capabilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), and allows these options +to be set and unset at shell invocation (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>). <P> <LI> Bash has much more optional behavior controllable with the <CODE>set</CODE> -builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). +builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). <P> <LI> The <SAMP>`-x'</SAMP> (<CODE>xtrace</CODE>) option displays commands other than simple commands when performing an execution trace -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>). <P> <LI> -The <CODE>test</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) +The <CODE>test</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) is slightly different, as it implements the POSIX algorithm, which specifies the behavior based on the number of arguments. <P> @@ -13490,7 +13797,7 @@ debugger. <P> <LI> -The <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) allows a +The <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) allows a <CODE>DEBUG</CODE> pseudo-signal specification, similar to <CODE>EXIT</CODE>. Commands specified with a <CODE>DEBUG</CODE> trap are executed before every simple command, <CODE>for</CODE> command, <CODE>case</CODE> command, @@ -13503,7 +13810,7 @@ The <CODE>extdebug</CODE> shell option has additional effects on the <CODE>DEBUG</CODE> trap. <P> -The <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) allows an +The <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) allows an <CODE>ERR</CODE> pseudo-signal specification, similar to <CODE>EXIT</CODE> and <CODE>DEBUG</CODE>. Commands specified with an <CODE>ERR</CODE> trap are executed after a simple command fails, with a few exceptions. @@ -13511,7 +13818,7 @@ The <CODE>ERR</CODE> trap is not inherited by shell functions unless the <CODE>-o errtrace</CODE> option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin is enabled. </P><P> -The <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) allows a +The <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) allows a <CODE>RETURN</CODE> pseudo-signal specification, similar to <CODE>EXIT</CODE> and <CODE>DEBUG</CODE>. Commands specified with an <CODE>RETURN</CODE> trap are executed before @@ -13524,36 +13831,36 @@ function has been given the <CODE>trace</CODE> attribute or the <LI> The Bash <CODE>type</CODE> builtin is more extensive and gives more information -about the names it finds (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). +about the names it finds (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>). <P> <LI> The Bash <CODE>umask</CODE> builtin permits a <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option to cause the output to be displayed in the form of a <CODE>umask</CODE> command -that may be reused as input (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). +that may be reused as input (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>). <P> <LI> Bash implements a <CODE>csh</CODE>-like directory stack, and provides the <CODE>pushd</CODE>, <CODE>popd</CODE>, and <CODE>dirs</CODE> builtins to manipulate it -(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>). +(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>). Bash also makes the directory stack visible as the value of the <CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE> shell variable. <P> <LI> Bash interprets special backslash-escaped characters in the prompt -strings when interactive (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>). +strings when interactive (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>). <P> <LI> -The Bash restricted mode is more useful (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>); +The Bash restricted mode is more useful (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>); the SVR4.2 shell restricted mode is too limited. <P> <LI> The <CODE>disown</CODE> builtin can remove a job from the internal shell -job table (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>) or suppress the sending +job table (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>) or suppress the sending of <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> to a job when the shell exits as the result of a <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE>. <P> @@ -13584,24 +13891,24 @@ The SVR4.2 <CODE>sh</CODE> uses a <CODE>TIMEOUT</CODE> variable like Bash uses </UL> <P> -More features unique to Bash may be found in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6. Bash Features</A>. +More features unique to Bash may be found in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6. Bash Features</A>. </P><P> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC137"></A> +<A NAME="SEC138"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> B.1 Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell </H2> -<!--docid::SEC137::--> +<!--docid::SEC138::--> <P> Since Bash is a completely new implementation, it does not suffer from @@ -13673,20 +13980,20 @@ The SVR4.2 shell behaves differently when invoked as <CODE>jsh</CODE> <A NAME="GNU Free Documentation License"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC138"></A> +<A NAME="SEC139"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> << </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> << </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> >> </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> >> </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H1> C. GNU Free Documentation License </H1> -<!--docid::SEC138::--> +<!--docid::SEC139::--> <P> <center> @@ -14223,9 +14530,9 @@ provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing. </OL> <P> -<A NAME="SEC139"></A> +<A NAME="SEC140"></A> <H2> ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents </H2> -<!--docid::SEC139::--> +<!--docid::SEC140::--> <P> To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of @@ -14264,49 +14571,49 @@ to permit their use in free software. <A NAME="Indexes"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC140"></A> +<A NAME="SEC141"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> > </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> > </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H1> D. Indexes </H1> -<!--docid::SEC140::--> +<!--docid::SEC141::--> <P> <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of Bash builtin commands.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of Bash reserved words.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143">D.3 Parameter and Variable Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Quick reference helps you find the +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of Bash builtin commands.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143">D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of Bash reserved words.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144">D.3 Parameter and Variable Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Quick reference helps you find the variable you want.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144">D.4 Function Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of bindable Readline functions.</TD></TR> -<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145">D.5 Concept Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">General index for concepts described in +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145">D.4 Function Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of bindable Readline functions.</TD></TR> +<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC146">D.5 Concept Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">General index for concepts described in this manual.</TD></TR> </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> <A NAME="Builtin Index"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC141"></A> +<A NAME="SEC142"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> > </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143"> > </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> Up </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands </H2> -<!--docid::SEC141::--> +<!--docid::SEC142::--> <table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#bt_." style="text-decoration:none"><b>.</b></A> <A HREF="bashref.html#bt_:" style="text-decoration:none"><b>:</b></A> @@ -14355,105 +14662,105 @@ to permit their use in free software. <TR><TD></TD><TH ALIGN=LEFT>Index Entry</TH><TH ALIGN=LEFT> Section</TH></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_."></A>.</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX69"><CODE>.</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX69"><CODE>.</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_:"></A>:</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX68"><CODE>:</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX68"><CODE>:</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_["></A>[</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX84"><CODE>[</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX84"><CODE>[</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_A"></A>A</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX89"><CODE>alias</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX89"><CODE>alias</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_B"></A>B</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX293"><CODE>bg</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX90"><CODE>bind</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX70"><CODE>break</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX91"><CODE>builtin</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX305"><CODE>bg</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX90"><CODE>bind</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX70"><CODE>break</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX91"><CODE>builtin</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_C"></A>C</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX92"><CODE>caller</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX71"><CODE>cd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX93"><CODE>command</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX540"><CODE>compgen</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX541"><CODE>complete</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX542"><CODE>compopt</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX72"><CODE>continue</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX92"><CODE>caller</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX71"><CODE>cd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX93"><CODE>command</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX556"><CODE>compgen</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX557"><CODE>complete</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX558"><CODE>compopt</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX72"><CODE>continue</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_D"></A>D</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX94"><CODE>declare</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX290"><CODE>dirs</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX298"><CODE>disown</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX94"><CODE>declare</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX302"><CODE>dirs</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX310"><CODE>disown</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_E"></A>E</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX95"><CODE>echo</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX96"><CODE>enable</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX73"><CODE>eval</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX74"><CODE>exec</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX75"><CODE>exit</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX76"><CODE>export</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX95"><CODE>echo</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX96"><CODE>enable</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX73"><CODE>eval</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX74"><CODE>exec</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX75"><CODE>exit</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX76"><CODE>export</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX544"><CODE>fc</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX294"><CODE>fg</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX560"><CODE>fc</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX306"><CODE>fg</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_G"></A>G</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX77"><CODE>getopts</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX77"><CODE>getopts</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_H"></A>H</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX78"><CODE>hash</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX97"><CODE>help</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX545"><CODE>history</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX78"><CODE>hash</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX97"><CODE>help</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX561"><CODE>history</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_J"></A>J</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX295"><CODE>jobs</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX307"><CODE>jobs</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_K"></A>K</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX296"><CODE>kill</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX308"><CODE>kill</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_L"></A>L</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX98"><CODE>let</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX99"><CODE>local</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX100"><CODE>logout</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX98"><CODE>let</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX99"><CODE>local</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX100"><CODE>logout</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_M"></A>M</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX101"><CODE>mapfile</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX101"><CODE>mapfile</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_P"></A>P</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX291"><CODE>popd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX102"><CODE>printf</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX292"><CODE>pushd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX79"><CODE>pwd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX303"><CODE>popd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX102"><CODE>printf</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX304"><CODE>pushd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX79"><CODE>pwd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_R"></A>R</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX103"><CODE>read</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX104"><CODE>readarray</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX80"><CODE>readonly</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX81"><CODE>return</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX103"><CODE>read</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX104"><CODE>readarray</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX80"><CODE>readonly</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX81"><CODE>return</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_S"></A>S</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX110"><CODE>set</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX82"><CODE>shift</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX111"><CODE>shopt</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX105"><CODE>source</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX299"><CODE>suspend</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX110"><CODE>set</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX82"><CODE>shift</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX111"><CODE>shopt</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX105"><CODE>source</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX311"><CODE>suspend</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_T"></A>T</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX83"><CODE>test</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX85"><CODE>times</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX86"><CODE>trap</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX106"><CODE>type</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX107"><CODE>typeset</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX83"><CODE>test</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX85"><CODE>times</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX86"><CODE>trap</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX106"><CODE>type</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX107"><CODE>typeset</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_U"></A>U</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX108"><CODE>ulimit</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX87"><CODE>umask</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX109"><CODE>unalias</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX88"><CODE>unset</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX108"><CODE>ulimit</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX87"><CODE>umask</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX109"><CODE>unalias</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX88"><CODE>unset</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_W"></A>W</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX297"><CODE>wait</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX309"><CODE>wait</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> </TABLE><P></P><table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#bt_." style="text-decoration:none"><b>.</b></A> @@ -14502,20 +14809,20 @@ to permit their use in free software. <A NAME="Reserved Word Index"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC142"></A> +<A NAME="SEC143"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> Up </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words </H2> -<!--docid::SEC142::--> +<!--docid::SEC143::--> <table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#rw_!" style="text-decoration:none"><b>!</b></A> <A HREF="bashref.html#rw_[" style="text-decoration:none"><b>[</b></A> @@ -14579,7 +14886,7 @@ to permit their use in free software. <TR><TH><A NAME="rw_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX36"><CODE>fi</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX31"><CODE>for</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC20">3.2.4.1 Looping Constructs</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX45"><CODE>function</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX45"><CODE>function</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="rw_I"></A>I</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX32"><CODE>if</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A></TD></TR> @@ -14631,20 +14938,20 @@ to permit their use in free software. <A NAME="Variable Index"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC143"></A> +<A NAME="SEC144"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> Up </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> D.3 Parameter and Variable Index </H2> -<!--docid::SEC143::--> +<!--docid::SEC144::--> <table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#vr_!" style="text-decoration:none"><b>!</b></A> <A HREF="bashref.html#vr_#" style="text-decoration:none"><b>#</b></A> @@ -14707,286 +15014,302 @@ to permit their use in free software. <TR><TD></TD><TH ALIGN=LEFT>Index Entry</TH><TH ALIGN=LEFT> Section</TH></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_!"></A>!</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX58"><CODE>!</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX59"><CODE>!</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX58"><CODE>!</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX59"><CODE>!</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_#"></A>#</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX50"><CODE>#</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX51"><CODE>#</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX50"><CODE>#</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX51"><CODE>#</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_$"></A>$</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX56"><CODE>$</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX57"><CODE>$</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX56"><CODE>$</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX57"><CODE>$</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_*"></A>*</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX46"><CODE>*</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX47"><CODE>*</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX46"><CODE>*</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX47"><CODE>*</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_-"></A>-</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX54"><CODE>-</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX55"><CODE>-</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX54"><CODE>-</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX55"><CODE>-</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_0"></A>0</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX60"><CODE>0</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX61"><CODE>0</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX60"><CODE>0</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX61"><CODE>0</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_?"></A>?</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX52"><CODE>?</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX53"><CODE>?</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX52"><CODE>?</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX53"><CODE>?</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_@"></A>@</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX48"><CODE>@</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX49"><CODE>@</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX48"><CODE>@</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX49"><CODE>@</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr__"></A>_</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX62"><CODE>_</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX63"><CODE>_</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX62"><CODE>_</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX63"><CODE>_</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_A"></A>A</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX300"><CODE>auto_resume</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX301"><CODE>auto_resume</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX312"><CODE>auto_resume</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX313"><CODE>auto_resume</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_B"></A>B</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX132"><CODE>BASH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX133"><CODE>BASH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX138"><CODE>BASH_ALIASES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX139"><CODE>BASH_ALIASES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX140"><CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX141"><CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX142"><CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX143"><CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX144"><CODE>BASH_CMDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX145"><CODE>BASH_CMDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX146"><CODE>BASH_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX147"><CODE>BASH_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX148"><CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX149"><CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX150"><CODE>BASH_EXECUTION_STRING</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX151"><CODE>BASH_EXECUTION_STRING</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX152"><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX153"><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX154"><CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX155"><CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX156"><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX157"><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX158"><CODE>BASH_SUBSHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX159"><CODE>BASH_SUBSHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX160"><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX161"><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX162"><CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX163"><CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX164"><CODE>BASH_XTRACEFD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX165"><CODE>BASH_XTRACEFD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX134"><CODE>BASHOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX135"><CODE>BASHOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX136"><CODE>BASHPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX137"><CODE>BASHPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX307"><CODE>bell-style</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX308"><CODE>bind-tty-special-chars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX132"><CODE>BASH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX133"><CODE>BASH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX138"><CODE>BASH_ALIASES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX139"><CODE>BASH_ALIASES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX140"><CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX141"><CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX142"><CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX143"><CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX144"><CODE>BASH_CMDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX145"><CODE>BASH_CMDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX146"><CODE>BASH_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX147"><CODE>BASH_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX148"><CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX149"><CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX150"><CODE>BASH_EXECUTION_STRING</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX151"><CODE>BASH_EXECUTION_STRING</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX152"><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX153"><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX154"><CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX155"><CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX156"><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX157"><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX158"><CODE>BASH_SUBSHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX159"><CODE>BASH_SUBSHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX160"><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX161"><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX162"><CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX163"><CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX164"><CODE>BASH_XTRACEFD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX165"><CODE>BASH_XTRACEFD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX134"><CODE>BASHOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX135"><CODE>BASHOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX136"><CODE>BASHPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX137"><CODE>BASHPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX319"><CODE>bell-style</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX320"><CODE>bind-tty-special-chars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_C"></A>C</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX112"><CODE>CDPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX113"><CODE>CDPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX166"><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX167"><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX309"><CODE>comment-begin</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX168"><CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX169"><CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX176"><CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX177"><CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX170"><CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX171"><CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX172"><CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX173"><CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX174"><CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX175"><CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX178"><CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX179"><CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX180"><CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX181"><CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX310"><CODE>completion-prefix-display-length</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX311"><CODE>completion-query-items</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX182"><CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX183"><CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX312"><CODE>convert-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX112"><CODE>CDPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX113"><CODE>CDPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX166"><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX167"><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX321"><CODE>comment-begin</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX168"><CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX169"><CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX176"><CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX177"><CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX170"><CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX171"><CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX172"><CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX173"><CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX174"><CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX175"><CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX178"><CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX179"><CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX180"><CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX181"><CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX322"><CODE>completion-display-width</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX323"><CODE>completion-ignore-case</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX324"><CODE>completion-map-case</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX325"><CODE>completion-prefix-display-length</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX326"><CODE>completion-query-items</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX182"><CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX183"><CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX327"><CODE>convert-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX184"><CODE>COPROC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX185"><CODE>COPROC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_D"></A>D</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX184"><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX185"><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX313"><CODE>disable-completion</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX186"><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX187"><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX328"><CODE>disable-completion</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_E"></A>E</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX314"><CODE>editing-mode</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX186"><CODE>EMACS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX187"><CODE>EMACS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX315"><CODE>enable-keypad</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX188"><CODE>EUID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX189"><CODE>EUID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX316"><CODE>expand-tilde</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX329"><CODE>editing-mode</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX188"><CODE>EMACS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX189"><CODE>EMACS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX330"><CODE>enable-keypad</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX190"><CODE>ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX191"><CODE>ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX192"><CODE>EUID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX193"><CODE>EUID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX331"><CODE>expand-tilde</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX190"><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX191"><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX192"><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX193"><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX194"><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX195"><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX194"><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX195"><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX196"><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX197"><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX198"><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX199"><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX200"><CODE>FUNCNEST</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX201"><CODE>FUNCNEST</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_G"></A>G</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX196"><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX197"><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX198"><CODE>GROUPS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX199"><CODE>GROUPS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX202"><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX203"><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX204"><CODE>GROUPS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX205"><CODE>GROUPS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_H"></A>H</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX200"><CODE>histchars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX201"><CODE>histchars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX202"><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX203"><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX204"><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX205"><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX206"><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX207"><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX208"><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX209"><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX210"><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX211"><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX317"><CODE>history-preserve-point</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX318"><CODE>history-size</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX212"><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX213"><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX214"><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX215"><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX114"><CODE>HOME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX115"><CODE>HOME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX319"><CODE>horizontal-scroll-mode</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX216"><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX217"><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX218"><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX219"><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX220"><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX221"><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX206"><CODE>histchars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX207"><CODE>histchars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX208"><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX209"><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX210"><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX211"><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX212"><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX213"><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX214"><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX215"><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX216"><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX217"><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX332"><CODE>history-preserve-point</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX333"><CODE>history-size</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX218"><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX219"><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX220"><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX221"><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX114"><CODE>HOME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX115"><CODE>HOME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX334"><CODE>horizontal-scroll-mode</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX222"><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX223"><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX224"><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX225"><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX226"><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX227"><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_I"></A>I</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX116"><CODE>IFS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX117"><CODE>IFS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX222"><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX223"><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX320"><CODE>input-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX224"><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX225"><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX322"><CODE>isearch-terminators</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX116"><CODE>IFS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX117"><CODE>IFS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX228"><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX229"><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX335"><CODE>input-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX230"><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX231"><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX337"><CODE>isearch-terminators</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_K"></A>K</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX323"><CODE>keymap</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX338"><CODE>keymap</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_L"></A>L</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX226"><CODE>LANG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX227"><CODE>LANG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX228"><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX229"><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX230"><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX231"><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX232"><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX233"><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX232"><CODE>LANG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX233"><CODE>LANG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX234"><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX235"><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX236"><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX237"><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX238"><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX239"><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX21"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX234"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX235"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX236"><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX237"><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX238"><CODE>LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX239"><CODE>LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX240"><CODE>LINES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX241"><CODE>LINES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX240"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX241"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX242"><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX243"><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX244"><CODE>LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX245"><CODE>LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX246"><CODE>LINES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX247"><CODE>LINES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_M"></A>M</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX242"><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX243"><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX118"><CODE>MAIL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX119"><CODE>MAIL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX244"><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX245"><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX120"><CODE>MAILPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX121"><CODE>MAILPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX324"><CODE>mark-modified-lines</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX325"><CODE>mark-symlinked-directories</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX326"><CODE>match-hidden-files</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX321"><CODE>meta-flag</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX248"><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX249"><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX118"><CODE>MAIL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX119"><CODE>MAIL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX250"><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX251"><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX120"><CODE>MAILPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX121"><CODE>MAILPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX252"><CODE>MAPFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX253"><CODE>MAPFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX339"><CODE>mark-modified-lines</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX340"><CODE>mark-symlinked-directories</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX341"><CODE>match-hidden-files</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX342"><CODE>menu-complete-display-prefix</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX336"><CODE>meta-flag</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_O"></A>O</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX246"><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX247"><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX122"><CODE>OPTARG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX123"><CODE>OPTARG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX248"><CODE>OPTERR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX249"><CODE>OPTERR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX124"><CODE>OPTIND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX125"><CODE>OPTIND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX250"><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX251"><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX327"><CODE>output-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX254"><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX255"><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX122"><CODE>OPTARG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX123"><CODE>OPTARG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX256"><CODE>OPTERR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX257"><CODE>OPTERR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX124"><CODE>OPTIND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX125"><CODE>OPTIND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX258"><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX259"><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX343"><CODE>output-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_P"></A>P</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX328"><CODE>page-completions</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX126"><CODE>PATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX127"><CODE>PATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX252"><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX253"><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX254"><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX255"><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX256"><CODE>PPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX257"><CODE>PPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX258"><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX259"><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX260"><CODE>PROMPT_DIRTRIM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX261"><CODE>PROMPT_DIRTRIM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX128"><CODE>PS1</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX129"><CODE>PS1</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX130"><CODE>PS2</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX131"><CODE>PS2</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX262"><CODE>PS3</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX263"><CODE>PS3</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX264"><CODE>PS4</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX265"><CODE>PS4</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX266"><CODE>PWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX267"><CODE>PWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX344"><CODE>page-completions</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX126"><CODE>PATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX127"><CODE>PATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX260"><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX261"><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX262"><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX263"><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX264"><CODE>PPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX265"><CODE>PPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX266"><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX267"><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX268"><CODE>PROMPT_DIRTRIM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX269"><CODE>PROMPT_DIRTRIM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX128"><CODE>PS1</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX129"><CODE>PS1</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX130"><CODE>PS2</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX131"><CODE>PS2</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX270"><CODE>PS3</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX271"><CODE>PS3</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX272"><CODE>PS4</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX273"><CODE>PS4</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX274"><CODE>PWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX275"><CODE>PWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_R"></A>R</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX268"><CODE>RANDOM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX269"><CODE>RANDOM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX270"><CODE>REPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX271"><CODE>REPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX329"><CODE>revert-all-at-newline</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX276"><CODE>RANDOM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX277"><CODE>RANDOM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX278"><CODE>READLINE_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX279"><CODE>READLINE_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX280"><CODE>READLINE_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX281"><CODE>READLINE_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX282"><CODE>REPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX283"><CODE>REPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX345"><CODE>revert-all-at-newline</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_S"></A>S</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX272"><CODE>SECONDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX273"><CODE>SECONDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX274"><CODE>SHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX275"><CODE>SHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX276"><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX277"><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX278"><CODE>SHLVL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX279"><CODE>SHLVL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX330"><CODE>show-all-if-ambiguous</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX331"><CODE>show-all-if-unmodified</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX332"><CODE>skip-completed-text</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX284"><CODE>SECONDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX285"><CODE>SECONDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX286"><CODE>SHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX287"><CODE>SHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX288"><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX289"><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX290"><CODE>SHLVL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX291"><CODE>SHLVL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX346"><CODE>show-all-if-ambiguous</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX347"><CODE>show-all-if-unmodified</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX348"><CODE>skip-completed-text</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_T"></A>T</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX22"><CODE>TEXTDOMAIN</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX23"><CODE>TEXTDOMAINDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX280"><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX281"><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX282"><CODE>TMOUT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX283"><CODE>TMOUT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX284"><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX285"><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX292"><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX293"><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX294"><CODE>TMOUT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX295"><CODE>TMOUT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX296"><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX297"><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_U"></A>U</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX286"><CODE>UID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX287"><CODE>UID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX298"><CODE>UID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX299"><CODE>UID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_V"></A>V</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX333"><CODE>visible-stats</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX349"><CODE>visible-stats</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> </TABLE><P></P><table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#vr_!" style="text-decoration:none"><b>!</b></A> @@ -15049,20 +15372,20 @@ to permit their use in free software. <A NAME="Function Index"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC144"></A> +<A NAME="SEC145"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143"> < </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145"> > </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145"> << </A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144"> < </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC146"> > </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC146"> << </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> Up </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> D.4 Function Index </H2> -<!--docid::SEC144::--> +<!--docid::SEC145::--> <table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#fn_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A> <A HREF="bashref.html#fn_B" style="text-decoration:none"><b>B</b></A> @@ -15108,250 +15431,250 @@ to permit their use in free software. <TR><TD></TD><TH ALIGN=LEFT>Index Entry</TH><TH ALIGN=LEFT> Section</TH></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_A"></A>A</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX486"><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX487"><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX354"><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX355"><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX530"><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX531"><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX502"><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX503"><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX370"><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX371"><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX546"><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX547"><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_B"></A>B</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX340"><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX341"><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX382"><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX383"><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX404"><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX405"><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX416"><CODE>backward-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX417"><CODE>backward-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX412"><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX413"><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX344"><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX345"><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX360"><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-&#60;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX361"><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-&#60;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX334"><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX335"><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX356"><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX357"><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX398"><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX399"><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX420"><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX421"><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX428"><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX429"><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX360"><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX361"><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX376"><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-&#60;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX377"><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-&#60;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX350"><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX351"><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_C"></A>C</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX482"><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX483"><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX398"><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX399"><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX502"><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX503"><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX504"><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX505"><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX350"><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX351"><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX440"><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX441"><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX468"><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX469"><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX452"><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX453"><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX464"><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX465"><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX476"><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX477"><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX456"><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX457"><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX460"><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX461"><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX428"><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX429"><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX430"><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX431"><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX426"><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX427"><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX498"><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX499"><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX414"><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX415"><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX518"><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX519"><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX520"><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX521"><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX366"><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX367"><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX456"><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX457"><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX484"><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX485"><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX468"><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX469"><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX480"><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX481"><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX492"><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX493"><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX472"><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX473"><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX476"><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX477"><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX444"><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX445"><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX446"><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX447"><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX442"><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX443"><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_D"></A>D</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX474"><CODE>dabbrev-expand ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX475"><CODE>dabbrev-expand ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX380"><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX381"><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX450"><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX451"><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX422"><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX423"><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX436"><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX437"><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX522"><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX523"><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX488"><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX489"><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX396"><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX397"><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX510"><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX511"><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX514"><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX515"><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX512"><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX513"><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX472"><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX473"><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX490"><CODE>dabbrev-expand ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX491"><CODE>dabbrev-expand ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX396"><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX397"><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX466"><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX467"><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX438"><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX439"><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX452"><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX453"><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX538"><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX539"><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX504"><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX505"><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX412"><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX413"><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX526"><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX527"><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX530"><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX531"><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX528"><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX529"><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX488"><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX489"><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_E"></A>E</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX538"><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX539"><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX480"><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX481"><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX362"><CODE>end-of-history (M-&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX363"><CODE>end-of-history (M-&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX336"><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX337"><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX500"><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX501"><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX554"><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX555"><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX496"><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX497"><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX378"><CODE>end-of-history (M-&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX379"><CODE>end-of-history (M-&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX352"><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX353"><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX516"><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX517"><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX384"><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX385"><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX338"><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX339"><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX366"><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX367"><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX342"><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX343"><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX400"><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX401"><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX354"><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX355"><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX382"><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX383"><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX358"><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX359"><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_G"></A>G</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX516"><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX517"><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX518"><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX519"><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX520"><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX521"><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX532"><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX533"><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX534"><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX535"><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX536"><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX537"><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_H"></A>H</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX532"><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX533"><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX526"><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX527"><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX374"><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX375"><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX372"><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX373"><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX548"><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX549"><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX542"><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX543"><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX390"><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX391"><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX388"><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX389"><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_I"></A>I</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX508"><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX509"><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX444"><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX445"><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX534"><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX535"><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX524"><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX525"><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX460"><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX461"><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX550"><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX551"><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_K"></A>K</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX402"><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX403"><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX424"><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX425"><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX408"><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX409"><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX410"><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX411"><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX418"><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX419"><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX440"><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX441"><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX424"><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX425"><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX426"><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX427"><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_M"></A>M</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX528"><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX529"><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX446"><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX447"><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX448"><CODE>menu-complete-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX449"><CODE>menu-complete-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX544"><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX545"><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX462"><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX463"><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX464"><CODE>menu-complete-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX465"><CODE>menu-complete-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_N"></A>N</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX358"><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX359"><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX370"><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX371"><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX368"><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX369"><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX374"><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX375"><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX386"><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX387"><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX384"><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX385"><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_O"></A>O</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX536"><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX537"><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX400"><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX401"><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX552"><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX553"><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX416"><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX417"><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_P"></A>P</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX470"><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX471"><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX442"><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX443"><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX454"><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX455"><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX466"><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX467"><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX458"><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX459"><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX462"><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX463"><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX490"><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX491"><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX356"><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX357"><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX486"><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX487"><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX458"><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX459"><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX470"><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX471"><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX482"><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX483"><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX474"><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX475"><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX478"><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX479"><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX506"><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX507"><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX372"><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX373"><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_Q"></A>Q</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX386"><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX387"><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX402"><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX403"><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_R"></A>R</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX484"><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX485"><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX352"><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX353"><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX364"><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX365"><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX494"><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX495"><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX500"><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX501"><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX368"><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX369"><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX380"><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX381"><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX510"><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX511"><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_S"></A>S</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX388"><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX389"><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX498"><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX499"><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX348"><CODE>shell-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX349"><CODE>shell-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX524"><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX525"><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX346"><CODE>shell-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX347"><CODE>shell-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX414"><CODE>shell-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX415"><CODE>shell-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX506"><CODE>skip-csi-sequence ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX507"><CODE>skip-csi-sequence ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX478"><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX479"><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX404"><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX405"><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX514"><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX515"><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX432"><CODE>shell-backward-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX433"><CODE>shell-backward-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX364"><CODE>shell-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX365"><CODE>shell-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX540"><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX541"><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX362"><CODE>shell-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX363"><CODE>shell-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX430"><CODE>shell-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX431"><CODE>shell-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX522"><CODE>skip-csi-sequence ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX523"><CODE>skip-csi-sequence ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX494"><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX495"><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_T"></A>T</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX496"><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&#38;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX497"><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&#38;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX390"><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX391"><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX392"><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX393"><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX512"><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&#38;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX513"><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&#38;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX406"><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX407"><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX408"><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX409"><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_U"></A>U</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX492"><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX493"><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX438"><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX439"><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX420"><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX421"><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX406"><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX407"><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX418"><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX419"><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX394"><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX395"><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX508"><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX509"><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX454"><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX455"><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX436"><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX437"><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX422"><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX423"><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX434"><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX435"><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX410"><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX411"><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_Y"></A>Y</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX432"><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX433"><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX378"><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX379"><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX376"><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX377"><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX434"><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX435"><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX448"><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX449"><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX394"><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX395"><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX392"><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX393"><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX450"><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX451"><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> </TABLE><P></P><table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#fn_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A> @@ -15397,20 +15720,20 @@ to permit their use in free software. <A NAME="Concept Index"></A> <HR SIZE="6"> -<A NAME="SEC145"></A> +<A NAME="SEC146"></A> <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> -<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144"> < </A>]</TD> +<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145"> < </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ > ]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> Up </A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> Up </A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H2> D.5 Concept Index </H2> -<!--docid::SEC145::--> +<!--docid::SEC146::--> <table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#cp_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A> <A HREF="bashref.html#cp_B" style="text-decoration:none"><b>B</b></A> @@ -15460,27 +15783,27 @@ to permit their use in free software. <TR><TD></TD><TH ALIGN=LEFT>Index Entry</TH><TH ALIGN=LEFT> Section</TH></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_A"></A>A</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">alias expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">arithmetic evaluation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">arithmetic expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">arithmetic, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">arrays</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">alias expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">arithmetic evaluation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">arithmetic expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">arithmetic, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">arrays</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_B"></A>B</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">background</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">Bash configuration</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">Bash installation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">background</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">Bash configuration</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">Bash installation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5">Bourne shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5">3. Basic Shell Features</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">brace expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">brace expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2">builtin</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_C"></A>C</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">command editing</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">command execution</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">command expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">command history</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">command search</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">command substitution</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">command editing</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">command execution</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">command expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">command history</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">command search</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">command substitution</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX26">command timing</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">3.2.2 Pipelines</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC19">commands, compound</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC19">3.2.4 Compound Commands</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">commands, conditional</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A></TD></TR> @@ -15491,135 +15814,135 @@ to permit their use in free software. <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15">commands, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15">3.2 Shell Commands</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC16">commands, simple</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC16">3.2.1 Simple Commands</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14">comments, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14">3.1.3 Comments</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">completion builtins</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">configuration</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">completion builtins</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">configuration</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3">control operator</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">coprocess</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">3.2.5 Coprocesses</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_D"></A>D</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">directory stack</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8 The Directory Stack</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">directory stack</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8 The Directory Stack</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_E"></A>E</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">editing command lines</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">environment</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.4 Environment</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">evaluation, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">event designators</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">execution environment</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">editing command lines</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">environment</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.4 Environment</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">evaluation, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">event designators</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">execution environment</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4">exit status</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">exit status</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.5 Exit Status</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">expansion, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">expansion, brace</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX64">expansion, filename</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">expansion, parameter</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX65">expansion, pathname</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">expansion, tilde</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">expressions, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">expressions, conditional</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">exit status</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.5 Exit Status</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5 Shell Expansions</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">expansion, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">expansion, brace</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX64">expansion, filename</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">expansion, parameter</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX65">expansion, pathname</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">expansion, tilde</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">expressions, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">expressions, conditional</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5">field</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX6">filename</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX66">filename expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">foreground</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">functions, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX66">filename expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">foreground</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">functions, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_H"></A>H</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">history builtins</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX546">history events</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">history expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">history list</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX543">History, how to use</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">history builtins</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX562">history events</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">history expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">history list</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX559">History, how to use</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_I"></A>I</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX11">identifier</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">initialization file, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3 Readline Init File</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">installation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">interaction, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">8.2 Readline Interaction</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX289">interactive shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">interactive shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">initialization file, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3 Readline Init File</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">installation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">interaction, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2 Readline Interaction</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX301">interactive shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">interactive shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">internationalization</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_J"></A>J</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX7">job</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX8">job control</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">job control</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">job control</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_K"></A>K</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX305">kill ring</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX303">killing text</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX317">kill ring</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX315">killing text</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_L"></A>L</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">localization</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX288">login shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX300">login shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_M"></A>M</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">matching, pattern</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">matching, pattern</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX9">metacharacter</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_N"></A>N</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX10">name</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">native languages</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">notation, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">notation, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_O"></A>O</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX12">operator, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_P"></A>P</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">parameter expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">parameters</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">parameters, positional</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">parameters, special</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX67">pathname expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">pattern matching</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">parameter expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">parameters</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">parameters, positional</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">parameters, special</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX67">pathname expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">pattern matching</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">pipeline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">3.2.2 Pipelines</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1">POSIX</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">POSIX Mode</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">POSIX Mode</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX13">process group</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX14">process group ID</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">process substitution</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">programmable completion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">prompting</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">process substitution</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">programmable completion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">prompting</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_Q"></A>Q</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC8">quoting</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC8">3.1.2 Quoting</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC12">quoting, ANSI</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC12">3.1.2.4 ANSI-C Quoting</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_R"></A>R</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX302">Readline, how to use</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">redirection</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX314">Readline, how to use</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">redirection</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX15">reserved word</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">restricted shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">restricted shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX16">return status</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_S"></A>S</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">shell arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">shell function</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">shell script</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">shell variable</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">shell, interactive</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">shell arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">shell function</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">shell script</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">3.8 Shell Scripts</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">shell variable</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">shell, interactive</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX17">signal</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">signal handling</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.6 Signals</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">signal handling</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.7.6 Signals</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX18">special builtin</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">special builtin</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.4 Special Builtins</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">startup files</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">suspending jobs</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">special builtin</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">4.4 Special Builtins</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC71">startup files</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC71">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">suspending jobs</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_T"></A>T</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">tilde expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">tilde expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX19">token</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">translation, native languages</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_V"></A>V</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">variable, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX306">variables, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">variable, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX318">variables, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_W"></A>W</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX20">word</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">word splitting</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">word splitting</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_Y"></A>Y</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX304">yanking text</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR> +<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX316">yanking text</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR> </TABLE><P></P><table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#cp_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A> @@ -15672,7 +15995,7 @@ to permit their use in free software. <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H1>Table of Contents</H1> @@ -15733,276 +16056,278 @@ to permit their use in free software. </UL> <A NAME="TOC23" HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">3.2.5 Coprocesses</A> <BR> +<A NAME="TOC24" HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.2.6 GNU Parallel</A> +<BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC24" HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A> +<A NAME="TOC25" HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.3 Shell Functions</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC25" HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.4 Shell Parameters</A> +<A NAME="TOC26" HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4 Shell Parameters</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC26" HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A> +<A NAME="TOC27" HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC27" HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A> +<A NAME="TOC28" HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC28" HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A> +<A NAME="TOC29" HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5 Shell Expansions</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC29" HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A> +<A NAME="TOC30" HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC30" HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A> +<A NAME="TOC31" HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC31" HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A> +<A NAME="TOC32" HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC32" HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A> +<A NAME="TOC33" HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC33" HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A> +<A NAME="TOC34" HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC34" HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A> +<A NAME="TOC35" HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC35" HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A> +<A NAME="TOC36" HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC36" HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A> +<A NAME="TOC37" HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC37" HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A> +<A NAME="TOC38" HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC38" HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.9 Quote Removal</A> +<A NAME="TOC39" HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.5.9 Quote Removal</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC39" HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A> +<A NAME="TOC40" HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC40" HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6.1 Redirecting Input</A> +<A NAME="TOC41" HREF="bashref.html#SEC41">3.6.1 Redirecting Input</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC41" HREF="bashref.html#SEC41">3.6.2 Redirecting Output</A> +<A NAME="TOC42" HREF="bashref.html#SEC42">3.6.2 Redirecting Output</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC42" HREF="bashref.html#SEC42">3.6.3 Appending Redirected Output</A> +<A NAME="TOC43" HREF="bashref.html#SEC43">3.6.3 Appending Redirected Output</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC43" HREF="bashref.html#SEC43">3.6.4 Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error</A> +<A NAME="TOC44" HREF="bashref.html#SEC44">3.6.4 Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC44" HREF="bashref.html#SEC44">3.6.5 Appending Standard Output and Standard Error</A> +<A NAME="TOC45" HREF="bashref.html#SEC45">3.6.5 Appending Standard Output and Standard Error</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC45" HREF="bashref.html#SEC45">3.6.6 Here Documents</A> +<A NAME="TOC46" HREF="bashref.html#SEC46">3.6.6 Here Documents</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC46" HREF="bashref.html#SEC46">3.6.7 Here Strings</A> +<A NAME="TOC47" HREF="bashref.html#SEC47">3.6.7 Here Strings</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC47" HREF="bashref.html#SEC47">3.6.8 Duplicating File Descriptors</A> +<A NAME="TOC48" HREF="bashref.html#SEC48">3.6.8 Duplicating File Descriptors</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC48" HREF="bashref.html#SEC48">3.6.9 Moving File Descriptors</A> +<A NAME="TOC49" HREF="bashref.html#SEC49">3.6.9 Moving File Descriptors</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC49" HREF="bashref.html#SEC49">3.6.10 Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing</A> +<A NAME="TOC50" HREF="bashref.html#SEC50">3.6.10 Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC50" HREF="bashref.html#SEC50">3.7 Executing Commands</A> +<A NAME="TOC51" HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7 Executing Commands</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC51" HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion</A> +<A NAME="TOC52" HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC52" HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A> +<A NAME="TOC53" HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC53" HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A> +<A NAME="TOC54" HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC54" HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.4 Environment</A> +<A NAME="TOC55" HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.4 Environment</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC55" HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.5 Exit Status</A> +<A NAME="TOC56" HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.5 Exit Status</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC56" HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.6 Signals</A> +<A NAME="TOC57" HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.7.6 Signals</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC57" HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A> +<A NAME="TOC58" HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">3.8 Shell Scripts</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC58" HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A> +<A NAME="TOC59" HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC59" HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A> +<A NAME="TOC60" HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC60" HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A> +<A NAME="TOC61" HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC61" HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3 Modifying Shell Behavior</A> +<A NAME="TOC62" HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3 Modifying Shell Behavior</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC62" HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A> +<A NAME="TOC63" HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC63" HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A> +<A NAME="TOC64" HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC64" HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.4 Special Builtins</A> +<A NAME="TOC65" HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">4.4 Special Builtins</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC65" HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5. Shell Variables</A> +<A NAME="TOC66" HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5. Shell Variables</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC66" HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A> +<A NAME="TOC67" HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC67" HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A> +<A NAME="TOC68" HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC68" HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6. Bash Features</A> +<A NAME="TOC69" HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6. Bash Features</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC69" HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A> +<A NAME="TOC70" HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC70" HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A> +<A NAME="TOC71" HREF="bashref.html#SEC71">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC78" HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A> +<A NAME="TOC79" HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3 Interactive Shells</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC79" HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3.1 What is an Interactive Shell?</A> +<A NAME="TOC80" HREF="bashref.html#SEC80">6.3.1 What is an Interactive Shell?</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC80" HREF="bashref.html#SEC80">6.3.2 Is this Shell Interactive?</A> +<A NAME="TOC81" HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.3.2 Is this Shell Interactive?</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC81" HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.3.3 Interactive Shell Behavior</A> +<A NAME="TOC82" HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.3.3 Interactive Shell Behavior</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC82" HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A> +<A NAME="TOC83" HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC83" HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A> +<A NAME="TOC84" HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC84" HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A> +<A NAME="TOC85" HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC85" HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A> +<A NAME="TOC86" HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC86" HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8 The Directory Stack</A> +<A NAME="TOC87" HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8 The Directory Stack</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC87" HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A> +<A NAME="TOC88" HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC88" HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A> +<A NAME="TOC89" HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC89" HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A> +<A NAME="TOC90" HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC90" HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A> +<A NAME="TOC91" HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC91" HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A> +<A NAME="TOC92" HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7. Job Control</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC92" HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.1 Job Control Basics</A> +<A NAME="TOC93" HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.1 Job Control Basics</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC93" HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A> +<A NAME="TOC94" HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC94" HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.3 Job Control Variables</A> +<A NAME="TOC95" HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">7.3 Job Control Variables</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC95" HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A> +<A NAME="TOC96" HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8. Command Line Editing</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC96" HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8.1 Introduction to Line Editing</A> +<A NAME="TOC97" HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">8.1 Introduction to Line Editing</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC97" HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">8.2 Readline Interaction</A> +<A NAME="TOC98" HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2 Readline Interaction</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC98" HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A> +<A NAME="TOC99" HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC99" HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.2 Readline Movement Commands</A> +<A NAME="TOC100" HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.2 Readline Movement Commands</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC100" HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A> +<A NAME="TOC101" HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC101" HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.4 Readline Arguments</A> +<A NAME="TOC102" HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.2.4 Readline Arguments</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC102" HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A> +<A NAME="TOC103" HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC103" HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3 Readline Init File</A> +<A NAME="TOC104" HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3 Readline Init File</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC104" HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A> +<A NAME="TOC105" HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC105" HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A> +<A NAME="TOC106" HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC106" HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.3.3 Sample Init File</A> +<A NAME="TOC107" HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.3.3 Sample Init File</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC107" HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A> +<A NAME="TOC108" HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC108" HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A> +<A NAME="TOC109" HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC109" HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A> +<A NAME="TOC110" HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC110" HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A> +<A NAME="TOC111" HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC111" HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A> +<A NAME="TOC112" HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC112" HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A> +<A NAME="TOC113" HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC113" HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A> +<A NAME="TOC114" HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC114" HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A> +<A NAME="TOC115" HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC115" HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A> +<A NAME="TOC116" HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC116" HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.5 Readline vi Mode</A> +<A NAME="TOC117" HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.5 Readline vi Mode</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC117" HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A> +<A NAME="TOC118" HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC118" HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A> +<A NAME="TOC119" HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC119" HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9. Using History Interactively</A> +<A NAME="TOC120" HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9. Using History Interactively</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC120" HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A> +<A NAME="TOC121" HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC121" HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A> +<A NAME="TOC122" HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC122" HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A> +<A NAME="TOC123" HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC123" HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3.1 Event Designators</A> +<A NAME="TOC124" HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3.1 Event Designators</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC124" HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3.2 Word Designators</A> +<A NAME="TOC125" HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">9.3.2 Word Designators</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC125" HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">9.3.3 Modifiers</A> +<A NAME="TOC126" HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">9.3.3 Modifiers</A> <BR> </UL> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC126" HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">10. Installing Bash</A> +<A NAME="TOC127" HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10. Installing Bash</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC127" HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.1 Basic Installation</A> +<A NAME="TOC128" HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.1 Basic Installation</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC128" HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.2 Compilers and Options</A> +<A NAME="TOC129" HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.2 Compilers and Options</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC129" HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures</A> +<A NAME="TOC130" HREF="bashref.html#SEC130">10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC130" HREF="bashref.html#SEC130">10.4 Installation Names</A> +<A NAME="TOC131" HREF="bashref.html#SEC131">10.4 Installation Names</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC131" HREF="bashref.html#SEC131">10.5 Specifying the System Type</A> +<A NAME="TOC132" HREF="bashref.html#SEC132">10.5 Specifying the System Type</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC132" HREF="bashref.html#SEC132">10.6 Sharing Defaults</A> +<A NAME="TOC133" HREF="bashref.html#SEC133">10.6 Sharing Defaults</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC133" HREF="bashref.html#SEC133">10.7 Operation Controls</A> +<A NAME="TOC134" HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">10.7 Operation Controls</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC134" HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">10.8 Optional Features</A> +<A NAME="TOC135" HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">10.8 Optional Features</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC135" HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">A. Reporting Bugs</A> +<A NAME="TOC136" HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">A. Reporting Bugs</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC136" HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A> +<A NAME="TOC137" HREF="bashref.html#SEC137">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC137" HREF="bashref.html#SEC137">B.1 Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell</A> +<A NAME="TOC138" HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">B.1 Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell</A> <BR> </UL> -<A NAME="TOC138" HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A> +<A NAME="TOC139" HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC140" HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">D. Indexes</A> +<A NAME="TOC141" HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">D. Indexes</A> <BR> <UL> -<A NAME="TOC141" HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands</A> +<A NAME="TOC142" HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC142" HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words</A> +<A NAME="TOC143" HREF="bashref.html#SEC143">D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC143" HREF="bashref.html#SEC143">D.3 Parameter and Variable Index</A> +<A NAME="TOC144" HREF="bashref.html#SEC144">D.3 Parameter and Variable Index</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC144" HREF="bashref.html#SEC144">D.4 Function Index</A> +<A NAME="TOC145" HREF="bashref.html#SEC145">D.4 Function Index</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC145" HREF="bashref.html#SEC145">D.5 Concept Index</A> +<A NAME="TOC146" HREF="bashref.html#SEC146">D.5 Concept Index</A> <BR> </UL> </UL> @@ -16011,7 +16336,7 @@ to permit their use in free software. <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H1>Short Table of Contents</H1> @@ -16022,27 +16347,27 @@ to permit their use in free software. <BR> <A NAME="TOC5" HREF="bashref.html#SEC5">3. Basic Shell Features</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC58" HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A> +<A NAME="TOC59" HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC65" HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5. Shell Variables</A> +<A NAME="TOC66" HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5. Shell Variables</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC68" HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6. Bash Features</A> +<A NAME="TOC69" HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6. Bash Features</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC91" HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A> +<A NAME="TOC92" HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7. Job Control</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC95" HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A> +<A NAME="TOC96" HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8. Command Line Editing</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC119" HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9. Using History Interactively</A> +<A NAME="TOC120" HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9. Using History Interactively</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC126" HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">10. Installing Bash</A> +<A NAME="TOC127" HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10. Installing Bash</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC135" HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">A. Reporting Bugs</A> +<A NAME="TOC136" HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">A. Reporting Bugs</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC136" HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A> +<A NAME="TOC137" HREF="bashref.html#SEC137">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC138" HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A> +<A NAME="TOC139" HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A> <BR> -<A NAME="TOC140" HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">D. Indexes</A> +<A NAME="TOC141" HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">D. Indexes</A> <BR> </BLOCKQUOTE> @@ -16051,11 +16376,11 @@ to permit their use in free software. <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> -<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD> +<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H1>About this document</H1> -This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>December, 29 2009</I> +This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>December, 28 2010</I> using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html "><I>texi2html</I></A> <P></P> @@ -16217,7 +16542,7 @@ the following structure: <BR> <FONT SIZE="-1"> This document was generated -by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>December, 29 2009</I> +by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>December, 28 2010</I> using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html "><I>texi2html</I></A> diff --git a/doc/bashref.info b/doc/bashref.info index 189e58b..5db3503 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.info +++ b/doc/bashref.info @@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.13 from /Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi. This text is a brief description of the features that are present in -the Bash shell (version 4.1, 23 December 2009). +the Bash shell (version 4.2, 28 December 2010). - This is Edition 4.1, last updated 23 December 2009, of `The GNU Bash -Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.1. + This is Edition 4.2, last updated 28 December 2010, of `The GNU Bash +Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.2. - Copyright (C) 1988-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Copyright (C) 1988-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are @@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ Bash Features ************* This text is a brief description of the features that are present in -the Bash shell (version 4.1, 23 December 2009). +the Bash shell (version 4.2, 28 December 2010). - This is Edition 4.1, last updated 23 December 2009, of `The GNU Bash -Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.1. + This is Edition 4.2, last updated 28 December 2010, of `The GNU Bash +Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.2. Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some features that only appear in Bash. Some of the shells that Bash has @@ -477,6 +477,14 @@ decoded as follows: the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value HH (one or two hex digits) +`\uHHHH' + the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + hexadecimal value HHHH (one to four hex digits) + +`\UHHHHHHHH' + the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + hexadecimal value HHHHHHHH (one to eight hex digits) + `\cX' a control-X character @@ -539,6 +547,7 @@ construct, or in some other grouping. * Lists:: How to execute commands sequentially. * Compound Commands:: Shell commands for control flow. * Coprocesses:: Two-way communication between commands. +* GNU Parallel:: Running commands in parallel. File: bashref.info, Node: Simple Commands, Next: Pipelines, Up: Shell Commands @@ -582,12 +591,20 @@ any redirections specified by the command. the pipeline once it finishes. The statistics currently consist of elapsed (wall-clock) time and user and system time consumed by the command's execution. The `-p' option changes the output format to that -specified by POSIX. The `TIMEFORMAT' variable may be set to a format -string that specifies how the timing information should be displayed. -*Note Bash Variables::, for a description of the available formats. -The use of `time' as a reserved word permits the timing of shell -builtins, shell functions, and pipelines. An external `time' command -cannot time these easily. +specified by POSIX. When the shell is in POSIX mode (*note Bash POSIX +Mode::), it does not recognize `time' as a reserved word if the next +token begins with a `-'. The `TIMEFORMAT' variable may be set to a +format string that specifies how the timing information should be +displayed. *Note Bash Variables::, for a description of the available +formats. The use of `time' as a reserved word permits the timing of +shell builtins, shell functions, and pipelines. An external `time' +command cannot time these easily. + + When the shell is in POSIX mode (*note Bash POSIX Mode::), `time' +may be followed by a newline. In this case, the shell displays the +total user and system time consumed by the shell and its children. The +`TIMEFORMAT' variable may be used to specify the format of the time +information. If the pipeline is not executed asynchronously (*note Lists::), the shell waits for all commands in the pipeline to complete. @@ -723,7 +740,7 @@ syntax, it may be replaced with one or more newlines. COMMANDS are executed and the arithmetic expression EXPR3 is evaluated. If any expression is omitted, it behaves as if it evaluates to 1. The return value is the exit status of the last - command in LIST that is executed, or false if any of the + command in COMMANDS that is executed, or false if any of the expressions is invalid. @@ -859,7 +876,7 @@ File: bashref.info, Node: Conditional Constructs, Next: Command Grouping, Pre performed. Conditional operators such as `-f' must be unquoted to be recognized as primaries. - When used with `[[', The `<' and `>' operators sort + When used with `[[', the `<' and `>' operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. When the `==' and `!=' operators are used, the string to the right @@ -948,7 +965,7 @@ they are not separated from the LIST by whitespace. LIST. -File: bashref.info, Node: Coprocesses, Prev: Compound Commands, Up: Shell Commands +File: bashref.info, Node: Coprocesses, Next: GNU Parallel, Prev: Compound Commands, Up: Shell Commands 3.2.5 Coprocesses ----------------- @@ -977,13 +994,72 @@ by the command (*note Redirections::). The file descriptors can be utilized as arguments to shell commands and redirections using standard word expansions. - The process id of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is + The process ID of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is available as the value of the variable NAME_PID. The `wait' builtin command may be used to wait for the coprocess to terminate. The return status of a coprocess is the exit status of COMMAND. +File: bashref.info, Node: GNU Parallel, Prev: Coprocesses, Up: Shell Commands + +3.2.6 GNU Parallel +------------------ + +GNU Parallel, as its name suggests, can be used to build and run +commands in parallel. You may run the same command with different +arguments, whether they are filenames, usernames, hostnames, or lines +read from files. + + For a complete description, refer to the GNU Parallel documentation. +A few examples should provide a brief introduction to its use. + + For example, it is easy to prefix each line in a text file with a +specified string: + cat file | parallel -k echo prefix_string + The `-k' option is required to preserve the lines' order. + + Similarly, you can append a specified string to each line in a text +file: + cat file | parallel -k echo {} append_string + + You can use Parallel to move files from the current directory when +the number of files is too large to process with one `mv' invocation: + ls | parallel mv {} destdir + + As you can see, the {} is replaced with each line read from standard +input. This will run as many `mv' commands as there are files in the +current directory. You can emulate a parallel `xargs' by adding the +`-X' option: + ls | parallel -X mv {} destdir + + GNU Parallel can replace certain common idioms that operate on lines +read from a file (in this case, filenames): + for x in $(cat list); do + do-something1 $x config-$x + do-something2 < $x + done | process-output + +with a more compact syntax reminiscent of lambdas: + cat list | parallel "do-something1 {} config-{} ; do-something2 < {}" | process-output + + Parallel provides a built-in mechanism to remove filename +extensions, which lends itself to batch file transformations or +renaming: + ls *.gz | parallel -j+0 "zcat {} | bzip2 >{.}.bz2 && rm {}" + This will recompress all files in the current directory with names +ending in .gz using bzip2, running one job per CPU (-j+0) in parallel. + + If a command generates output, you may want to preserve the input +order in the output. For instance, the following command + { echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; } | parallel traceroute + will display as output the traceroute invocation that finishes +first. Using the `-k' option, as we saw above + { echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; } | parallel -k traceroute + will ensure that the output of `traceroute foss.org.my' is displayed +first. + + File: bashref.info, Node: Shell Functions, Next: Shell Parameters, Prev: Shell Commands, Up: Basic Shell Features 3.3 Shell Functions @@ -997,7 +1073,10 @@ executed. Shell functions are executed in the current shell context; no new process is created to interpret them. Functions are declared using this syntax: - [ `function' ] NAME () COMPOUND-COMMAND [ REDIRECTIONS ] + NAME () COMPOUND-COMMAND [ REDIRECTIONS ] + or + + `function' NAME [()] COMPOUND-COMMAND [ REDIRECTIONS ] This defines a shell function named NAME. The reserved word `function' is optional. If the `function' reserved word is supplied, @@ -1043,6 +1122,10 @@ is not inherited unless the `-o errtrace' shell option has been enabled. *Note Bourne Shell Builtins::, for the description of the `trap' builtin. + The `FUNCNEST' variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, +defines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that +exceed the limit cause the entire command to abort. + If the builtin command `return' is executed in a function, the function completes and execution resumes with the next command after the function call. Any command associated with the `RETURN' trap is @@ -1068,7 +1151,9 @@ variables with the same name may result in multiple identically-named entries in the environment passed to the shell's children. Care should be taken in cases where this may cause a problem. - Functions may be recursive. No limit is placed on the number of + Functions may be recursive. The `FUNCNEST' variable may be used to +limit the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of +function invocations. By default, no limit is placed on the number of recursive calls. @@ -1108,7 +1193,7 @@ and `local' builtin commands. In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value to a shell variable or array index (*note Arrays::), the `+=' operator can be used to append to or add to the variable's previous value. When -`+=' is applied to a variable for which the integer attribute has been +`+=' is applied to a variable for which the INTEGER attribute has been set, VALUE is evaluated as an arithmetic expression and added to the variable's current value, which is also evaluated. When `+=' is applied to an array variable using compound assignment (*note @@ -1411,9 +1496,9 @@ the variable formed from the rest of PARAMETER as the name of the variable; this variable is then expanded and that value is used in the rest of the substitution, rather than the value of PARAMETER itself. This is known as `indirect expansion'. The exceptions to this are the -expansions of ${!PREFIX*} and ${!NAME[@]} described below. The -exclamation point must immediately follow the left brace in order to -introduce indirection. +expansions of ${!PREFIX +} and ${!NAME[@]} described below. The exclamation point must +immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce indirection. In each of the cases below, WORD is subject to tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. @@ -1453,16 +1538,19 @@ omitted, the operator tests only for existence. OFFSET. LENGTH and OFFSET are arithmetic expressions (*note Shell Arithmetic::). This is referred to as Substring Expansion. - LENGTH must evaluate to a number greater than or equal to zero. If OFFSET evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is used - as an offset from the end of the value of PARAMETER. If PARAMETER - is `@', the result is LENGTH positional parameters beginning at - OFFSET. If PARAMETER is an indexed array name subscripted by `@' - or `*', the result is the LENGTH members of the array beginning - with `${PARAMETER[OFFSET]}'. A negative OFFSET is taken relative - to one greater than the maximum index of the specified array. - Substring expansion applied to an associative array produces - undefined results. + as an offset from the end of the value of PARAMETER. If LENGTH + evaluates to a number less than zero, and PARAMETER is not `@' and + not an indexed or associative array, it is interpreted as an + offset from the end of the value of PARAMETER rather than a number + of characters, and the expansion is the characters between the two + offsets. If PARAMETER is `@', the result is LENGTH positional + parameters beginning at OFFSET. If PARAMETER is an indexed array + name subscripted by `@' or `*', the result is the LENGTH members + of the array beginning with `${PARAMETER[OFFSET]}'. A negative + OFFSET is taken relative to one greater than the maximum index of + the specified array. Substring expansion applied to an + associative array produces undefined results. Note that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at least one space to avoid being confused with the `:-' expansion. @@ -2461,14 +2549,17 @@ standard. greater than or equal to 1. `cd' - cd [-L|-P] [DIRECTORY] + cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [DIRECTORY] Change the current working directory to DIRECTORY. If DIRECTORY is not given, the value of the `HOME' shell variable is used. If the shell variable `CDPATH' exists, it is used as a search path. If DIRECTORY begins with a slash, `CDPATH' is not used. The `-P' option means to not follow symbolic links; symbolic links - are followed by default or with the `-L' option. If DIRECTORY is + are followed by default or with the `-L' option. If the `-e' + option is supplied with `-P' and the current working directory + cannot be successfully determined after a successful directory + change, `cd' will return an unsuccessful status. If DIRECTORY is `-', it is equivalent to `$OLDPWD'. If a non-empty directory name from `CDPATH' is used, or if `-' is @@ -2546,7 +2637,7 @@ standard. When the end of options is encountered, `getopts' exits with a return value greater than zero. `OPTIND' is set to the index of - the first non-option argument, and `name' is set to `?'. + the first non-option argument, and NAME is set to `?'. `getopts' normally parses the positional parameters, but if more arguments are given in ARGS, `getopts' parses those instead. @@ -2571,18 +2662,19 @@ standard. `hash' hash [-r] [-p FILENAME] [-dt] [NAME] - Remember the full pathnames of commands specified as NAME - arguments, so they need not be searched for on subsequent - invocations. The commands are found by searching through the - directories listed in `$PATH'. The `-p' option inhibits the path - search, and FILENAME is used as the location of NAME. The `-r' - option causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The - `-d' option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of - each NAME. If the `-t' option is supplied, the full pathname to - which each NAME corresponds is printed. If multiple NAME - arguments are supplied with `-t' the NAME is printed before the - hashed full pathname. The `-l' option causes output to be - displayed in a format that may be reused as input. If no + Each time `hash' is invoked, it remembers the full pathnames of the + commands specified as NAME arguments, so they need not be searched + for on subsequent invocations. The commands are found by + searching through the directories listed in `$PATH'. Any + previously-remembered pathname is discarded. The `-p' option + inhibits the path search, and FILENAME is used as the location of + NAME. The `-r' option causes the shell to forget all remembered + locations. The `-d' option causes the shell to forget the + remembered location of each NAME. If the `-t' option is supplied, + the full pathname to which each NAME corresponds is printed. If + multiple NAME arguments are supplied with `-t' the NAME is printed + before the hashed full pathname. The `-l' option causes output to + be displayed in a format that may be reused as input. If no arguments are given, or if only `-l' is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed. The return status is zero unless a NAME is not found or an invalid option is supplied. @@ -2649,7 +2741,8 @@ standard. Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation depends on the - number of arguments; see below. + number of arguments; see below. Operator precedence is used when + there are five or more arguments. `! EXPR' True if EXPR is false. @@ -2683,7 +2776,8 @@ standard. unary operator, the expression is false. 3 arguments - If the second argument is one of the binary conditional + The following conditions are applied in the order listed. If + the second argument is one of the binary conditional operators (*note Bash Conditional Expressions::), the result of the expression is the result of the binary test using the first and third arguments as operands. The `-a' and `-o' @@ -2705,6 +2799,9 @@ standard. The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the rules listed above. + When used with `test' or `[', the `<' and `>' operators sort + lexicographically using ASCII ordering. + `times' times Print out the user and system times used by the shell and its @@ -2944,9 +3041,14 @@ POSIX standard. the function name and attributes are printed. If the `extdebug' shell option is enabled using `shopt' (*note The Shopt Builtin::), the source file name and line number where the function is defined - are displayed as well. `-F' implies `-f'. The following options - can be used to restrict output to variables with the specified - attributes or to give variables attributes: + are displayed as well. `-F' implies `-f'. + + The `-g' option forces variables to be created or modified at the + global scope, even when \fBdeclare\fP is executed in a shell + function. It is ignored in all other cases. + + The following options can be used to restrict output to variables + with the specified attributes or to give variables attributes: `-a' Each NAME is an indexed array variable (*note Arrays::). @@ -2989,8 +3091,8 @@ POSIX standard. exceptions that `+a' may not be used to destroy an array variable and `+r' will not remove the readonly attribute. When used in a function, `declare' makes each NAME local, as with the `local' - command. If a variable name is followed by =VALUE, the value of - the variable is set to VALUE. + command, unless the `-g' option is used. If a variable name is + followed by =VALUE, the value of the variable is set to VALUE. The return status is zero unless an invalid option is encountered, an attempt is made to define a function using `-f foo=bar', an @@ -3026,6 +3128,7 @@ POSIX standard. suppress further output `\e' + `\E' escape `\f' @@ -3054,6 +3157,14 @@ POSIX standard. the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value HH (one or two hex digits) + `\uHHHH' + the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + hexadecimal value HHHH (one to four hex digits) + + `\UHHHHHHHH' + the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + hexadecimal value HHHHHHHH (one to eight hex digits) + `enable' enable [-a] [-dnps] [-f FILENAME] [NAME ...] Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin @@ -3158,9 +3269,9 @@ POSIX standard. If `-C' is specified without `-c', the default quantum is 5000. When CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next - array element to be assigned as an additional argument. CALLBACK - is evaluated after the line is read but before the array element - is assigned. + array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that + element as additional arguments. CALLBACK is evaluated after the + line is read but before the array element is assigned. If not supplied with an explicit origin, `mapfile' will clear ARRAY before assigning to it. @@ -3172,21 +3283,41 @@ POSIX standard. `printf' printf [-v VAR] FORMAT [ARGUMENTS] Write the formatted ARGUMENTS to the standard output under the - control of the FORMAT. The FORMAT is a character string which - contains three types of objects: plain characters, which are - simply copied to standard output, character escape sequences, - which are converted and copied to the standard output, and format - specifications, each of which causes printing of the next - successive ARGUMENT. In addition to the standard `printf(1)' - formats, `%b' causes `printf' to expand backslash escape sequences - in the corresponding ARGUMENT, (except that `\c' terminates - output, backslashes in `\'', `\"', and `\?' are not removed, and - octal escapes beginning with `\0' may contain up to four digits), - and `%q' causes `printf' to output the corresponding ARGUMENT in a - format that can be reused as shell input. - - The `-v' option causes the output to be assigned to the variable - VAR rather than being printed to the standard output. + control of the FORMAT. The `-v' option causes the output to be + assigned to the variable VAR rather than being printed to the + standard output. + + The FORMAT is a character string which contains three types of + objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard + output, character escape sequences, which are converted and copied + to the standard output, and format specifications, each of which + causes printing of the next successive ARGUMENT. In addition to + the standard `printf(1)' formats, `printf' interprets the + following extensions: + + `%b' + causes `printf' to expand backslash escape sequences in the + corresponding ARGUMENT, (except that `\c' terminates output, + backslashes in `\'', `\"', and `\?' are not removed, and + octal escapes beginning with `\0' may contain up to four + digits). + + `%q' + causes `printf' to output the corresponding ARGUMENT in a + format that can be reused as shell input. + + `%(DATEFMT)T' + causes `printf' to output the date-time string resulting from + using DATEFMT as a format string for `strftime'(3). The + corresponding ARGUMENT is an integer representing the number + of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument values may + be used: -1 represents the current time, and -2 represents + the time the shell was invoked. + + Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C + language constants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is + allowed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, + the value is the ASCII value of the following character. The FORMAT is reused as necessary to consume all of the ARGUMENTS. If the FORMAT requires more ARGUMENTS than are supplied, the extra @@ -3386,7 +3517,8 @@ POSIX standard. The maximum number of processes available to a single user. `-v' - The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the process. + The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell, + and, on some systems, to its children. `-x' The maximum number of file locks. @@ -3441,8 +3573,8 @@ allows you to change the values of shell options and set the positional parameters, or to display the names and values of shell variables. `set' - set [--abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [-o OPTION] [ARGUMENT ...] - set [+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [+o OPTION] [ARGUMENT ...] + set [--abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [-o OPTION-NAME] [ARGUMENT ...] + set [+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [+o OPTION-NAME] [ARGUMENT ...] If no options or arguments are supplied, `set' displays the names and values of all shell variables and functions, sorted according @@ -3784,9 +3916,31 @@ This builtin allows you to change additional shell optional behavior. `compat31' If set, Bash changes its behavior to that of version 3.1 with - respect to quoted arguments to the conditional command's =~ + respect to quoted arguments to the conditional command's `=~' operator. + `compat32' + If set, Bash changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 with + respect to locale-specific string comparison when using the + `[[' conditional command's `<' and `>' operators. Bash + versions prior to bash-4.0 use ASCII collation and strcmp(3); + bash-4.1 and later use the current locale's collation + sequence and strcoll(3). + + `compat40' + If set, Bash changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 with + respect to locale-specific string comparison when using the + `[[' conditional command's `<' and `>' operators (see + previous item) and the effect of interrupting a command list. + + `compat41' + If set, Bash, when in posix mode, treats a single quote in a + double-quoted parameter expansion as a special character. + The single quotes must match (an even number) and the + characters between the single quotes are considered quoted. + This is the behavior of POSIX mode through version 4.1. The + default Bash behavior remains as in previous versions. + `dirspell' If set, Bash attempts spelling correction on directory names during word completion if the directory name initially @@ -3833,7 +3987,7 @@ This builtin allows you to change additional shell optional behavior. 6. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and subshells invoked with `( COMMAND )' - inherit the `ERROR' trap. + inherit the `ERR' trap. `extglob' If set, the extended pattern matching features described above @@ -3895,6 +4049,11 @@ This builtin allows you to change additional shell optional behavior. remaining characters on that line to be ignored in an interactive shell. This option is enabled by default. + `lastpipe' + If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs the + last command of a pipeline not executed in the background in + the current shell environment. + `lithist' If enabled, and the `cmdhist' option is enabled, multi-line commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines @@ -4032,9 +4191,9 @@ In some cases, Bash assigns a default value to the variable. splits words as part of expansion. `MAIL' - If this parameter is set to a filename and the `MAILPATH' variable - is not set, Bash informs the user of the arrival of mail in the - specified file. + If this parameter is set to a filename or directory name and the + `MAILPATH' variable is not set, Bash informs the user of the + arrival of mail in the specified file or Maildir-format directory. `MAILPATH' A colon-separated list of filenames which the shell periodically @@ -4092,13 +4251,13 @@ Variables::). startup files. This variable is readonly. `BASHPID' - Expands to the process id of the current Bash process. This + Expands to the process ID of the current Bash process. This differs from `$$' under certain circumstances, such as subshells that do not require Bash to be re-initialized. `BASH_ALIASES' An associative array variable whose members correspond to the - internal list of aliases as maintained by the `alias' builtin + internal list of aliases as maintained by the `alias' builtin. (*note Bourne Shell Builtins::). Elements added to this array appear in the alias list; unsetting array elements cause aliases to be removed from the alias list. @@ -4146,12 +4305,11 @@ Variables::). `BASH_LINENO' An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source - files corresponding to each member of FUNCNAME. - `${BASH_LINENO[$i]}' is the line number in the source file where - `${FUNCNAME[$i]}' was called (or `${BASH_LINENO[$i-1]}' if - referenced within another shell function). The corresponding - source file name is `${BASH_SOURCE[$i]}'. Use `LINENO' to obtain - the current line number. + files where each corresponding member of FUNCNAME was invoked. + `${BASH_LINENO[$i]}' is the line number in the source file + (`${BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]}') where `${FUNCNAME[$i]}' was called (or + `${BASH_LINENO[$i-1]}' if referenced within another shell + function). Use `LINENO' to obtain the current line number. `BASH_REMATCH' An array variable whose members are assigned by the `=~' binary @@ -4162,8 +4320,11 @@ Variables::). parenthesized subexpression. This variable is read-only. `BASH_SOURCE' - An array variable whose members are the source filenames - corresponding to the elements in the `FUNCNAME' array variable. + An array variable whose members are the source filenames where the + corresponding shell function names in the `FUNCNAME' array + variable are defined. The shell function `${FUNCNAME[$i]}' is + defined in the file `${BASH_SOURCE[$i]}' and called from + `${BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]}' `BASH_SUBSHELL' Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell environment is @@ -4208,9 +4369,9 @@ Variables::). unsetting it will result in the standard error being closed. `COLUMNS' - Used by the `select' builtin command to determine the terminal - width when printing selection lists. Automatically set upon - receipt of a `SIGWINCH'. + Used by the `select' command to determine the terminal width when + printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a + `SIGWINCH'. `COMP_CWORD' An index into `${COMP_WORDS}' of the word containing the current @@ -4264,6 +4425,10 @@ Variables::). generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable completion facility (*note Programmable Completion::). +`COPROC' + An array variable created to hold the file descriptors for output + from and input to an unnamed coprocess (*note Coprocesses::). + `DIRSTACK' An array variable containing the current contents of the directory stack. Directories appear in the stack in the order they are @@ -4277,7 +4442,11 @@ Variables::). `EMACS' If Bash finds this variable in the environment when the shell starts with value `t', it assumes that the shell is running in an - emacs shell buffer and disables line editing. + Emacs shell buffer and disables line editing. + +`ENV' + Similar to `BASH_ENV'; used when the shell is invoked in POSIX + Mode (*note Bash POSIX Mode::). `EUID' The numeric effective user id of the current user. This variable @@ -4297,10 +4466,24 @@ Variables::). An array variable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the execution call stack. The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing shell function. The - bottom-most element is `"main"'. This variable exists only when a - shell function is executing. Assignments to `FUNCNAME' have no - effect and return an error status. If `FUNCNAME' is unset, it - loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. + bottom-most element (the one with the highest index) is `"main"'. + This variable exists only when a shell function is executing. + Assignments to `FUNCNAME' have no effect and return an error + status. If `FUNCNAME' is unset, it loses its special properties, + even if it is subsequently reset. + + This variable can be used with `BASH_LINENO' and `BASH_SOURCE'. + Each element of `FUNCNAME' has corresponding elements in + `BASH_LINENO' and `BASH_SOURCE' to describe the call stack. For + instance, `${FUNCNAME[$i]}' was called from the file + `${BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]}' at line number `${BASH_LINENO[$i]}'. The + `caller' builtin displays the current call stack using this + information. + +`FUNCNEST' + If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum + function nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this + nesting level will cause the current command to abort. `GLOBIGNORE' A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames to @@ -4458,8 +4641,8 @@ Variables::). executing. `LINES' - Used by the `select' builtin command to determine the column length - for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a + Used by the `select' command to determine the column length for + printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a `SIGWINCH'. `MACHTYPE' @@ -4474,6 +4657,10 @@ Variables::). variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking. +`MAPFILE' + An array variable created to hold the text read by the `mapfile' + builtin when no variable name is supplied. + `OLDPWD' The previous working directory as set by the `cd' builtin. @@ -4531,6 +4718,14 @@ Variables::). and 32767 is generated. Assigning a value to this variable seeds the random number generator. +`READLINE_LINE' + The contents of the Readline line buffer, for use with `bind -x' + (*note Bash Builtins::). + +`READLINE_POINT' + The position of the insertion point in the Readline line buffer, + for use with `bind -x' (*note Bash Builtins::). + `REPLY' The default variable for the `read' builtin. @@ -4653,17 +4848,17 @@ File: bashref.info, Node: Invoking Bash, Next: Bash Startup Files, Up: Bash F bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o OPTION] [-O SHOPT_OPTION] -c STRING [ARGUMENT ...] bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o OPTION] [-O SHOPT_OPTION] [ARGUMENT ...] - In addition to the single-character shell command-line options -(*note The Set Builtin::), there are several multi-character options -that you can use. These options must appear on the command line before -the single-character options to be recognized. + All of the single-character options used with the `set' builtin +(*note The Set Builtin::) can be used as options when the shell is +invoked. In addition, there are several multi-character options that +you can use. These options must appear on the command line before the +single-character options to be recognized. `--debugger' Arrange for the debugger profile to be executed before the shell starts. Turns on extended debugging mode (see *note The Shopt Builtin:: for a description of the `extdebug' option to the `shopt' - builtin) and shell function tracing (see *note The Set Builtin:: - for a description of the `-o functrace' option). + builtin). `--dump-po-strings' A list of all double-quoted strings preceded by `$' is printed on @@ -4877,14 +5072,14 @@ Invoked by remote shell daemon .............................. Bash attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard input -connected to a a network connection, as if by the remote shell daemon, -usually `rshd', or the secure shell daemon `sshd'. If Bash determines -it is being run in this fashion, it reads and executes commands from -`~/.bashrc', if that file exists and is readable. It will not do this -if invoked as `sh'. The `--norc' option may be used to inhibit this -behavior, and the `--rcfile' option may be used to force another file -to be read, but `rshd' does not generally invoke the shell with those -options or allow them to be specified. +connected to a network connection, as when executed by the remote shell +daemon, usually `rshd', or the secure shell daemon `sshd'. If Bash +determines it is being run in this fashion, it reads and executes +commands from `~/.bashrc', if that file exists and is readable. It +will not do this if invoked as `sh'. The `--norc' option may be used +to inhibit this behavior, and the `--rcfile' option may be used to +force another file to be read, but `rshd' does not generally invoke the +shell with those options or allow them to be specified. Invoked with unequal effective and real UID/GIDs ................................................ @@ -5050,8 +5245,9 @@ checked. If the FILE argument to one of the primaries is one of `/dev/stdin', `/dev/stdout', or `/dev/stderr', file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked. - When used with `[[', The `<' and `>' operators sort -lexicographically using the current locale. + When used with `[[', the `<' and `>' operators sort +lexicographically using the current locale. The `test' command uses +ASCII ordering. Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow symbolic links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the @@ -5105,20 +5301,23 @@ link itself. `-x FILE' True if FILE exists and is executable. -`-O FILE' - True if FILE exists and is owned by the effective user id. - `-G FILE' True if FILE exists and is owned by the effective group id. `-L FILE' True if FILE exists and is a symbolic link. +`-N FILE' + True if FILE exists and has been modified since it was last read. + +`-O FILE' + True if FILE exists and is owned by the effective user id. + `-S FILE' True if FILE exists and is a socket. -`-N FILE' - True if FILE exists and has been modified since it was last read. +`FILE1 -ef FILE2' + True if FILE1 and FILE2 refer to the same device and inode numbers. `FILE1 -nt FILE2' True if FILE1 is newer (according to modification date) than @@ -5128,14 +5327,15 @@ link itself. True if FILE1 is older than FILE2, or if FILE2 exists and FILE1 does not. -`FILE1 -ef FILE2' - True if FILE1 and FILE2 refer to the same device and inode numbers. - `-o OPTNAME' - True if shell option OPTNAME is enabled. The list of options + True if the shell option OPTNAME is enabled. The list of options appears in the description of the `-o' option to the `set' builtin (*note The Set Builtin::). +`-v VARNAME' + True if the shell variable VARNAME is set (has been assigned a + value). + `-z STRING' True if the length of STRING is zero. @@ -5245,17 +5445,17 @@ expansion syntax. The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the INTEGER attribute using `declare -i' is assigned a value. A null value evaluates to 0. A shell variable need not have -its integer attribute turned on to be used in an expression. +its INTEGER attribute turned on to be used in an expression. Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers. A leading `0x' or `0X' denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, numbers take the -form [BASE`#']N, where BASE is a decimal number between 2 and 64 -representing the arithmetic base, and N is a number in that base. If -BASE`#' is omitted, then base 10 is used. The digits greater than 9 -are represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, `@', -and `_', in that order. If BASE is less than or equal to 36, lowercase -and uppercase letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers -between 10 and 35. +form [BASE`#']N, where the optional BASE is a decimal number between 2 +and 64 representing the arithmetic base, and N is a number in that +base. If BASE`#' is omitted, then base 10 is used. The digits greater +than 9 are represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, +`@', and `_', in that order. If BASE is less than or equal to 36, +lowercase and uppercase letters may be used interchangeably to +represent numbers between 10 and 35. Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules @@ -5332,8 +5532,10 @@ assigned to using the syntax name[SUBSCRIPT]=VALUE The SUBSCRIPT is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate -to a number greater than or equal to zero. To explicitly declare an -array, use +to a number. If SUBSCRIPT evaluates to a number less than zero, it is +used as an offset from one greater than the array's maximum index (so a +subcript of -1 refers to the last element of the array). To explicitly +declare an array, use declare -a NAME The syntax declare -a NAME[SUBSCRIPT] @@ -5723,116 +5925,129 @@ startup files. 13. Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic expansion results in an invalid expression. - 14. Redirection operators do not perform filename expansion on the word + 14. Non-interactive shells exit if there is a syntax error in a script + read with the `.' or `source' builtins, or in a string processed by + the `eval' builtin. + + 15. Redirection operators do not perform filename expansion on the word in the redirection unless the shell is interactive. - 15. Redirection operators do not perform word splitting on the word in + 16. Redirection operators do not perform word splitting on the word in the redirection. - 16. Function names must be valid shell `name's. That is, they may not + 17. Function names must be valid shell `name's. That is, they may not contain characters other than letters, digits, and underscores, and may not start with a digit. Declaring a function with an invalid name causes a fatal syntax error in non-interactive shells. - 17. POSIX special builtins are found before shell functions during + 18. POSIX special builtins are found before shell functions during command lookup. - 18. If a POSIX special builtin returns an error status, a + 19. The `time' reserved word may be used by itself as a command. When + used in this way, it displays timing statistics for the shell and + its completed children. The `TIMEFORMAT' variable controls the + format of the timing information. + + 20. When parsing and expanding a ${...} expansion that appears within + double quotes, single quotes are no longer special and cannot be + used to quote a closing brace or other special character, unless + the operator is one of those defined to perform pattern removal. + In this case, they do not have to appear as matched pairs. + + 21. The parser does not recognize `time' as a reserved word if the next + token begins with a `-'. + + 22. If a POSIX special builtin returns an error status, a non-interactive shell exits. The fatal errors are those listed in the POSIX standard, and include things like passing incorrect options, redirection errors, variable assignment errors for assignments preceding the command name, and so on. - 19. If `CDPATH' is set, the `cd' builtin will not implicitly append - the current directory to it. This means that `cd' will fail if no - valid directory name can be constructed from any of the entries in - `$CDPATH', even if the a directory with the same name as the name - given as an argument to `cd' exists in the current directory. - - 20. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable + 23. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable assignment error occurs when no command name follows the assignment statements. A variable assignment error occurs, for example, when trying to assign a value to a readonly variable. - 21. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the iteration + 24. A non-interactive shell exists with an error status if a variable + assignment error occurs in an assignment statement preceding a + special builtin, but not with any other simple command. + + 25. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the iteration variable in a `for' statement or the selection variable in a `select' statement is a readonly variable. - 22. Process substitution is not available. + 26. Process substitution is not available. - 23. Assignment statements preceding POSIX special builtins persist in + 27. Assignment statements preceding POSIX special builtins persist in the shell environment after the builtin completes. - 24. Assignment statements preceding shell function calls persist in the + 28. Assignment statements preceding shell function calls persist in the shell environment after the function returns, as if a POSIX special builtin command had been executed. - 25. The `export' and `readonly' builtin commands display their output + 29. The `export' and `readonly' builtin commands display their output in the format required by POSIX. - 26. The `trap' builtin displays signal names without the leading `SIG'. + 30. The `trap' builtin displays signal names without the leading `SIG'. - 27. The `trap' builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible + 31. The `trap' builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible signal specification and revert the signal handling to the original disposition if it is, unless that argument consists solely of digits and is a valid signal number. If users want to reset the handler for a given signal to the original disposition, they should use `-' as the first argument. - 28. The `.' and `source' builtins do not search the current directory + 32. The `.' and `source' builtins do not search the current directory for the filename argument if it is not found by searching `PATH'. - 29. Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the + 33. Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of the `-e' option from the parent shell. When not in POSIX mode, Bash clears the `-e' option in such subshells. - 30. Alias expansion is always enabled, even in non-interactive shells. + 34. Alias expansion is always enabled, even in non-interactive shells. - 31. When the `alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not + 35. When the `alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not display them with a leading `alias ' unless the `-p' option is supplied. - 32. When the `set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not + 36. When the `set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not display shell function names and definitions. - 33. When the `set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays + 37. When the `set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays variable values without quotes, unless they contain shell metacharacters, even if the result contains nonprinting characters. - 34. When the `cd' builtin is invoked in LOGICAL mode, and the pathname + 38. When the `cd' builtin is invoked in LOGICAL mode, and the pathname constructed from `$PWD' and the directory name supplied as an argument does not refer to an existing directory, `cd' will fail instead of falling back to PHYSICAL mode. - 35. When the `pwd' builtin is supplied the `-P' option, it resets - `$PWD' to a pathname containing no symlinks. - - 36. The `pwd' builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as + 39. The `pwd' builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as the current directory, even if it is not asked to check the file system with the `-P' option. - 37. When listing the history, the `fc' builtin does not include an + 40. When listing the history, the `fc' builtin does not include an indication of whether or not a history entry has been modified. - 38. The default editor used by `fc' is `ed'. + 41. The default editor used by `fc' is `ed'. - 39. The `type' and `command' builtins will not report a non-executable + 42. The `type' and `command' builtins will not report a non-executable file as having been found, though the shell will attempt to execute such a file if it is the only so-named file found in `$PATH'. - 40. The `vi' editing mode will invoke the `vi' editor directly when + 43. The `vi' editing mode will invoke the `vi' editor directly when the `v' command is run, instead of checking `$VISUAL' and `$EDITOR'. - 41. When the `xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to + 44. When the `xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to interpret any arguments to `echo' as options. Each argument is displayed, after escape characters are converted. - 42. The `ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the `-c' + 45. The `ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the `-c' and `-f' options. - 43. The arrival of `SIGCHLD' when a trap is set on `SIGCHLD' does not + 46. The arrival of `SIGCHLD' when a trap is set on `SIGCHLD' does not interrupt the `wait' builtin and cause it to return immediately. The trap command is run once for each child that exits. @@ -6097,7 +6312,7 @@ Command line editing is enabled by default when using an interactive shell, unless the `--noediting' option is supplied at shell invocation. Line editing is also used when using the `-e' option to the `read' builtin command (*note Bash Builtins::). By default, the line editing -commands are similar to those of emacs. A vi-style line editing +commands are similar to those of Emacs. A vi-style line editing interface is also available. Line editing can be enabled at any time using the `-o emacs' or `-o vi' options to the `set' builtin command (*note The Set Builtin::), or disabled using the `+o emacs' or `+o vi' @@ -6457,11 +6672,24 @@ Variable Settings `insert-comment' command is executed. The default value is `"#"'. + `completion-display-width' + The number of screen columns used to display possible matches + when performing completion. The value is ignored if it is + less than 0 or greater than the terminal screen width. A + value of 0 will cause matches to be displayed one per line. + The default value is -1. + `completion-ignore-case' If set to `on', Readline performs filename matching and completion in a case-insensitive fashion. The default value is `off'. + `completion-map-case' + If set to `on', and COMPLETION-IGNORE-CASE is enabled, + Readline treats hyphens (`-') and underscores (`_') as + equivalent when performing case-insensitive filename matching + and completion. + `completion-prefix-display-length' The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of possible completions that is displayed without modification. @@ -6574,9 +6802,14 @@ Variable Settings `match-hidden-files' This variable, when set to `on', causes Readline to match files whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when - performing filename completion, unless the leading `.' is - supplied by the user in the filename to be completed. This - variable is `on' by default. + performing filename completion. If set to `off', the leading + `.' must be supplied by the user in the filename to be + completed. This variable is `on' by default. + + `menu-complete-display-prefix' + If set to `on', menu completion displays the common prefix of + the list of possible completions (which may be empty) before + cycling through the list. The default is `off'. `output-meta' If set to `on', Readline will display characters with the @@ -7062,11 +7295,16 @@ File: bashref.info, Node: Commands For History, Next: Commands For Text, Prev `yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)' Insert last argument to the previous command (the last word of the - previous history entry). With an argument, behave exactly like - `yank-nth-arg'. Successive calls to `yank-last-arg' move back - through the history list, inserting the last argument of each line - in turn. The history expansion facilities are used to extract the - last argument, as if the `!$' history expansion had been specified. + previous history entry). With a numeric argument, behave exactly + like `yank-nth-arg'. Successive calls to `yank-last-arg' move + back through the history list, inserting the last word (or the + word specified by the argument to the first call) of each line in + turn. Any numeric argument supplied to these successive calls + determines the direction to move through the history. A negative + argument switches the direction through the history (back or + forward). The history expansion facilities are used to extract + the last argument, as if the `!$' history expansion had been + specified. @@ -7167,7 +7405,7 @@ File: bashref.info, Node: Commands For Killing, Next: Numeric Arguments, Prev words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same as `shell-forward-word'. -`backward-kill-word ()' +`shell-backward-kill-word ()' Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as `shell-backward-word'. @@ -7248,7 +7486,11 @@ File: bashref.info, Node: Commands For Completion, Next: Keyboard Macros, Pre completion is attempted. `possible-completions (M-?)' - List the possible completions of the text before point. + List the possible completions of the text before point. When + displaying completions, Readline sets the number of columns used + for display to the value of `completion-display-width', the value + of the environment variable `COLUMNS', or the screen width, in + that order. `insert-completions (M-*)' Insert all completions of the text before point that would have @@ -7504,8 +7746,7 @@ File: bashref.info, Node: Readline vi Mode, Next: Programmable Completion, Pr While the Readline library does not have a full set of `vi' editing functions, it does contain enough to allow simple editing of the line. -The Readline `vi' mode behaves as specified in the POSIX 1003.2 -standard. +The Readline `vi' mode behaves as specified in the POSIX standard. In order to switch interactively between `emacs' and `vi' editing modes, use the `set -o emacs' and `set -o vi' commands (*note The Set @@ -7636,7 +7877,7 @@ exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and changes the compspec associated with the command on which completion is being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is executed), programmable completion restarts from the beginning, with an -attempt to find a compspec for that command. This allows a set of +attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once. @@ -7825,16 +8066,6 @@ completion facilities. Names of all shell variables. May also be specified as `-v'. - `-G GLOBPAT' - The filename expansion pattern GLOBPAT is expanded to generate - the possible completions. - - `-W WORDLIST' - The WORDLIST is split using the characters in the `IFS' - special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word is - expanded. The possible completions are the members of the - resultant list which match the word being completed. - `-C COMMAND' COMMAND is executed in a subshell environment, and its output is used as the possible completions. @@ -7844,13 +8075,9 @@ completion facilities. environment. When it finishes, the possible completions are retrieved from the value of the `COMPREPLY' array variable. - `-X FILTERPAT' - FILTERPAT is a pattern as used for filename expansion. It is - applied to the list of possible completions generated by the - preceding options and arguments, and each completion matching - FILTERPAT is removed from the list. A leading `!' in - FILTERPAT negates the pattern; in this case, any completion - not matching FILTERPAT is removed. + `-G GLOBPAT' + The filename expansion pattern GLOBPAT is expanded to generate + the possible completions. `-P PREFIX' PREFIX is added at the beginning of each possible completion @@ -7860,6 +8087,20 @@ completion facilities. SUFFIX is appended to each possible completion after all other options have been applied. + `-W WORDLIST' + The WORDLIST is split using the characters in the `IFS' + special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word is + expanded. The possible completions are the members of the + resultant list which match the word being completed. + + `-X FILTERPAT' + FILTERPAT is a pattern as used for filename expansion. It is + applied to the list of possible completions generated by the + preceding options and arguments, and each completion matching + FILTERPAT is removed from the list. A leading `!' in + FILTERPAT negates the pattern; in this case, any completion + not matching FILTERPAT is removed. + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an option other than `-p' or `-r' is supplied without a NAME argument, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification @@ -7869,7 +8110,7 @@ completion facilities. `compopt' `compopt' [-o OPTION] [-DE] [+o OPTION] [NAME] Modify completion options for each NAME according to the OPTIONs, - or for the currently-execution completion if no NAMEs are supplied. + or for the currently-executing completion if no NAMEs are supplied. If no OPTIONs are given, display the completion options for each NAME or the current completion. The possible values of OPTION are those valid for the `complete' builtin described above. The `-D' @@ -8114,7 +8355,8 @@ File: bashref.info, Node: Event Designators, Next: Word Designators, Up: Hist ----------------------- An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the -history list. +history list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to +the current position in the history list. `!' Start a history substitution, except when followed by a space, tab, @@ -8131,12 +8373,13 @@ history list. Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for `!-1'. `!STRING' - Refer to the most recent command starting with STRING. + Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position in + the history list starting with STRING. `!?STRING[?]' - Refer to the most recent command containing STRING. The trailing - `?' may be omitted if the STRING is followed immediately by a - newline. + Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position in + the history list containing STRING. The trailing `?' may be + omitted if the STRING is followed immediately by a newline. `^STRING1^STRING2^' Quick Substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing STRING1 @@ -8692,8 +8935,8 @@ does not provide the necessary support. The Restricted Shell::, for a description of restricted mode. `--enable-select' - Include the `select' builtin, which allows the generation of simple - menus (*note Conditional Constructs::). + Include the `select' compound command, which allows the generation + of simple menus (*note Conditional Constructs::). `--enable-separate-helpfiles' Use external files for the documentation displayed by the `help' @@ -9641,7 +9884,7 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands * :: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 11) * [: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 213) + (line 217) * alias: Bash Builtins. (line 11) * bg: Job Control Builtins. (line 7) @@ -9660,75 +9903,75 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands * compopt: Programmable Completion Builtins. (line 217) * continue: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 55) + (line 58) * declare: Bash Builtins. (line 142) * dirs: Directory Stack Builtins. (line 7) * disown: Job Control Builtins. (line 83) -* echo: Bash Builtins. (line 221) -* enable: Bash Builtins. (line 273) +* echo: Bash Builtins. (line 226) +* enable: Bash Builtins. (line 287) * eval: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 63) + (line 66) * exec: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 70) + (line 73) * exit: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 82) + (line 85) * export: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 88) + (line 91) * fc: Bash History Builtins. (line 10) * fg: Job Control Builtins. (line 16) * getopts: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 103) + (line 106) * hash: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 145) -* help: Bash Builtins. (line 301) + (line 148) +* help: Bash Builtins. (line 315) * history: Bash History Builtins. (line 39) * jobs: Job Control Builtins. (line 25) * kill: Job Control Builtins. (line 57) -* let: Bash Builtins. (line 321) -* local: Bash Builtins. (line 328) -* logout: Bash Builtins. (line 338) -* mapfile: Bash Builtins. (line 342) +* let: Bash Builtins. (line 335) +* local: Bash Builtins. (line 342) +* logout: Bash Builtins. (line 352) +* mapfile: Bash Builtins. (line 356) * popd: Directory Stack Builtins. (line 37) -* printf: Bash Builtins. (line 388) +* printf: Bash Builtins. (line 402) * pushd: Directory Stack Builtins. (line 58) * pwd: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 163) -* read: Bash Builtins. (line 413) -* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 493) + (line 167) +* read: Bash Builtins. (line 447) +* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 527) * readonly: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 172) + (line 176) * return: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 188) + (line 192) * set: The Set Builtin. (line 11) * shift: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 201) + (line 205) * shopt: The Shopt Builtin. (line 9) -* source: Bash Builtins. (line 501) +* source: Bash Builtins. (line 535) * suspend: Job Control Builtins. (line 94) * test: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 213) + (line 217) * times: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 281) + (line 290) * trap: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 286) -* type: Bash Builtins. (line 505) -* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 536) -* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 542) + (line 295) +* type: Bash Builtins. (line 539) +* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 570) +* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 576) * umask: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 332) -* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 630) + (line 341) +* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 665) * unset: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 349) + (line 358) * wait: Job Control Builtins. (line 73) @@ -9803,12 +10046,12 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index * BASH_ENV: Bash Variables. (line 69) * BASH_EXECUTION_STRING: Bash Variables. (line 75) * BASH_LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 78) -* BASH_REMATCH: Bash Variables. (line 87) -* BASH_SOURCE: Bash Variables. (line 95) -* BASH_SUBSHELL: Bash Variables. (line 99) -* BASH_VERSINFO: Bash Variables. (line 103) -* BASH_VERSION: Bash Variables. (line 127) -* BASH_XTRACEFD: Bash Variables. (line 130) +* BASH_REMATCH: Bash Variables. (line 86) +* BASH_SOURCE: Bash Variables. (line 94) +* BASH_SUBSHELL: Bash Variables. (line 101) +* BASH_VERSINFO: Bash Variables. (line 105) +* BASH_VERSION: Bash Variables. (line 129) +* BASH_XTRACEFD: Bash Variables. (line 132) * BASHOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 16) * BASHPID: Bash Variables. (line 25) * bell-style: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -9817,138 +10060,152 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index (line 45) * CDPATH: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 9) -* COLUMNS: Bash Variables. (line 141) +* COLUMNS: Bash Variables. (line 143) * comment-begin: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 50) -* COMP_CWORD: Bash Variables. (line 146) -* COMP_KEY: Bash Variables. (line 175) -* COMP_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 152) -* COMP_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 157) -* COMP_TYPE: Bash Variables. (line 165) -* COMP_WORDBREAKS: Bash Variables. (line 179) -* COMP_WORDS: Bash Variables. (line 185) +* COMP_CWORD: Bash Variables. (line 148) +* COMP_KEY: Bash Variables. (line 177) +* COMP_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 154) +* COMP_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 159) +* COMP_TYPE: Bash Variables. (line 167) +* COMP_WORDBREAKS: Bash Variables. (line 181) +* COMP_WORDS: Bash Variables. (line 187) +* completion-display-width: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 55) +* completion-ignore-case: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 62) +* completion-map-case: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 67) * completion-prefix-display-length: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 60) + (line 73) * completion-query-items: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 67) -* COMPREPLY: Bash Variables. (line 193) + (line 80) +* COMPREPLY: Bash Variables. (line 195) * convert-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 77) -* DIRSTACK: Bash Variables. (line 198) + (line 90) +* COPROC: Bash Variables. (line 200) +* DIRSTACK: Bash Variables. (line 204) * disable-completion: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 83) + (line 96) * editing-mode: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 88) -* EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 208) + (line 101) +* EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 214) * enable-keypad: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 99) -* EUID: Bash Variables. (line 213) + (line 112) +* ENV: Bash Variables. (line 219) +* EUID: Bash Variables. (line 223) * expand-tilde: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 110) -* FCEDIT: Bash Variables. (line 217) -* FIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 221) -* FUNCNAME: Bash Variables. (line 227) -* GLOBIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 236) -* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 242) -* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 248) -* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 263) -* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 268) -* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 284) -* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 288) -* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 296) + (line 123) +* FCEDIT: Bash Variables. (line 227) +* FIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 231) +* FUNCNAME: Bash Variables. (line 237) +* FUNCNEST: Bash Variables. (line 255) +* GLOBIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 260) +* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 266) +* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 272) +* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 287) +* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 292) +* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 308) +* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 312) +* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 320) * history-preserve-point: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 114) + (line 127) * history-size: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 120) -* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 315) -* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 319) + (line 133) +* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 339) +* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 343) * HOME: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 13) * horizontal-scroll-mode: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 125) -* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 328) -* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 339) -* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 342) + (line 138) +* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 352) +* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 363) +* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 366) * IFS: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 18) -* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 345) +* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 369) * input-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 132) -* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 355) + (line 145) +* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 379) * isearch-terminators: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 139) + (line 152) * keymap: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 146) -* LANG: Bash Variables. (line 359) -* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 363) -* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 367) -* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 374) + (line 159) +* LANG: Bash Variables. (line 383) +* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 387) +* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 391) +* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 398) * LC_MESSAGES <1>: Locale Translation. (line 11) -* LC_MESSAGES: Bash Variables. (line 379) -* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 383) -* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 387) -* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 391) -* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 396) +* LC_MESSAGES: Bash Variables. (line 403) +* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 407) +* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 411) +* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 415) +* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 420) * MAIL: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 22) -* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 400) +* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 424) * MAILPATH: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 27) +* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 432) * mark-modified-lines: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 159) + (line 172) * mark-symlinked-directories: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 164) + (line 177) * match-hidden-files: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 169) + (line 182) +* menu-complete-display-prefix: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 189) * meta-flag: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 132) -* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 408) + (line 145) +* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 436) * OPTARG: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 34) -* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 411) +* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 439) * OPTIND: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 38) -* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 415) +* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 443) * output-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 176) + (line 194) * page-completions: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 181) + (line 199) * PATH: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 42) -* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 418) -* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 423) -* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 432) -* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 436) -* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 440) +* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 446) +* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 451) +* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 460) +* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 464) +* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 468) * PS1: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 48) * PS2: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 53) -* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 446) -* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 451) -* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 457) -* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 460) -* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 465) +* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 474) +* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 479) +* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 485) +* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 488) +* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 493) +* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 497) +* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 501) * revert-all-at-newline: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 191) -* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 468) -* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 474) -* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 479) -* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 488) + (line 209) +* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 504) +* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 510) +* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 515) +* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 524) * show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 197) + (line 215) * show-all-if-unmodified: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 203) + (line 221) * skip-completed-text: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 212) + (line 230) * TEXTDOMAIN: Locale Translation. (line 11) * TEXTDOMAINDIR: Locale Translation. (line 11) -* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 493) -* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 531) -* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 543) -* UID: Bash Variables. (line 547) +* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 529) +* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 567) +* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 579) +* UID: Bash Variables. (line 583) * visible-stats: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 225) + (line 243) File: bashref.info, Node: Function Index, Next: Concept Index, Prev: Variable Index, Up: Indexes @@ -9983,7 +10240,7 @@ D.4 Function Index * copy-region-as-kill (): Commands For Killing. (line 54) * delete-char (C-d): Commands For Text. (line 6) * delete-char-or-list (): Commands For Completion. - (line 39) + (line 43) * delete-horizontal-space (): Commands For Killing. (line 46) * digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ... M--): Numeric Arguments. (line 6) * do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-X, ...): Miscellaneous Commands. @@ -10009,15 +10266,15 @@ D.4 Function Index * insert-comment (M-#): Miscellaneous Commands. (line 60) * insert-completions (M-*): Commands For Completion. - (line 18) + (line 22) * kill-line (C-k): Commands For Killing. (line 6) * kill-region (): Commands For Killing. (line 50) * kill-whole-line (): Commands For Killing. (line 15) * kill-word (M-d): Commands For Killing. (line 19) * menu-complete (): Commands For Completion. - (line 22) + (line 26) * menu-complete-backward (): Commands For Completion. - (line 34) + (line 38) * next-history (C-n): Commands For History. (line 17) * non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n): Commands For History. (line 41) @@ -10135,7 +10392,7 @@ D.5 Concept Index * functions, shell: Shell Functions. (line 6) * history builtins: Bash History Builtins. (line 6) -* history events: Event Designators. (line 7) +* history events: Event Designators. (line 8) * history expansion: History Interaction. (line 6) * history list: Bash History Facilities. (line 6) @@ -10230,119 +10487,120 @@ Node: Escape Character14830 Node: Single Quotes15315 Node: Double Quotes15663 Node: ANSI-C Quoting16788 -Node: Locale Translation17773 -Node: Comments18669 -Node: Shell Commands19287 -Node: Simple Commands20111 -Node: Pipelines20742 -Node: Lists22998 -Node: Compound Commands24727 -Node: Looping Constructs25531 -Node: Conditional Constructs27986 -Node: Command Grouping36099 -Node: Coprocesses37578 -Node: Shell Functions39222 -Node: Shell Parameters43776 -Node: Positional Parameters46192 -Node: Special Parameters47092 -Node: Shell Expansions50056 -Node: Brace Expansion51981 -Node: Tilde Expansion54736 -Node: Shell Parameter Expansion57087 -Node: Command Substitution65988 -Node: Arithmetic Expansion67321 -Node: Process Substitution68171 -Node: Word Splitting69221 -Node: Filename Expansion70844 -Node: Pattern Matching72983 -Node: Quote Removal76622 -Node: Redirections76917 -Node: Executing Commands85442 -Node: Simple Command Expansion86112 -Node: Command Search and Execution88042 -Node: Command Execution Environment90379 -Node: Environment93365 -Node: Exit Status95025 -Node: Signals96646 -Node: Shell Scripts98614 -Node: Shell Builtin Commands101132 -Node: Bourne Shell Builtins103160 -Node: Bash Builtins120536 -Node: Modifying Shell Behavior145364 -Node: The Set Builtin145709 -Node: The Shopt Builtin155233 -Node: Special Builtins166095 -Node: Shell Variables167074 -Node: Bourne Shell Variables167514 -Node: Bash Variables169495 -Node: Bash Features192981 -Node: Invoking Bash193864 -Node: Bash Startup Files199673 -Node: Interactive Shells204685 -Node: What is an Interactive Shell?205095 -Node: Is this Shell Interactive?205744 -Node: Interactive Shell Behavior206559 -Node: Bash Conditional Expressions209839 -Node: Shell Arithmetic213488 -Node: Aliases216234 -Node: Arrays218806 -Node: The Directory Stack222764 -Node: Directory Stack Builtins223478 -Node: Printing a Prompt226370 -Node: The Restricted Shell229122 -Node: Bash POSIX Mode230954 -Node: Job Control239011 -Node: Job Control Basics239471 -Node: Job Control Builtins244188 -Node: Job Control Variables248552 -Node: Command Line Editing249710 -Node: Introduction and Notation251277 -Node: Readline Interaction252899 -Node: Readline Bare Essentials254090 -Node: Readline Movement Commands255879 -Node: Readline Killing Commands256844 -Node: Readline Arguments258764 -Node: Searching259808 -Node: Readline Init File261994 -Node: Readline Init File Syntax263141 -Node: Conditional Init Constructs277628 -Node: Sample Init File280161 -Node: Bindable Readline Commands283278 -Node: Commands For Moving284485 -Node: Commands For History285629 -Node: Commands For Text288784 -Node: Commands For Killing291457 -Node: Numeric Arguments293908 -Node: Commands For Completion295047 -Node: Keyboard Macros299007 -Node: Miscellaneous Commands299578 -Node: Readline vi Mode305384 -Node: Programmable Completion306298 -Node: Programmable Completion Builtins313504 -Node: Using History Interactively322640 -Node: Bash History Facilities323324 -Node: Bash History Builtins326238 -Node: History Interaction330095 -Node: Event Designators332800 -Node: Word Designators333815 -Node: Modifiers335454 -Node: Installing Bash336858 -Node: Basic Installation337995 -Node: Compilers and Options340687 -Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures341428 -Node: Installation Names343092 -Node: Specifying the System Type343910 -Node: Sharing Defaults344626 -Node: Operation Controls345299 -Node: Optional Features346257 -Node: Reporting Bugs355816 -Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell357017 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License373704 -Node: Indexes398900 -Node: Builtin Index399354 -Node: Reserved Word Index406181 -Node: Variable Index408629 -Node: Function Index420722 -Node: Concept Index427731 +Node: Locale Translation18032 +Node: Comments18928 +Node: Shell Commands19546 +Node: Simple Commands20418 +Node: Pipelines21049 +Node: Lists23743 +Node: Compound Commands25472 +Node: Looping Constructs26276 +Node: Conditional Constructs28735 +Node: Command Grouping36848 +Node: Coprocesses38327 +Node: GNU Parallel39992 +Node: Shell Functions42460 +Node: Shell Parameters47404 +Node: Positional Parameters49820 +Node: Special Parameters50720 +Node: Shell Expansions53684 +Node: Brace Expansion55609 +Node: Tilde Expansion58364 +Node: Shell Parameter Expansion60715 +Node: Command Substitution69850 +Node: Arithmetic Expansion71183 +Node: Process Substitution72033 +Node: Word Splitting73083 +Node: Filename Expansion74706 +Node: Pattern Matching76845 +Node: Quote Removal80484 +Node: Redirections80779 +Node: Executing Commands89304 +Node: Simple Command Expansion89974 +Node: Command Search and Execution91904 +Node: Command Execution Environment94241 +Node: Environment97227 +Node: Exit Status98887 +Node: Signals100508 +Node: Shell Scripts102476 +Node: Shell Builtin Commands104994 +Node: Bourne Shell Builtins107022 +Node: Bash Builtins124952 +Node: Modifying Shell Behavior151166 +Node: The Set Builtin151511 +Node: The Shopt Builtin161045 +Node: Special Builtins173217 +Node: Shell Variables174196 +Node: Bourne Shell Variables174636 +Node: Bash Variables176663 +Node: Bash Features201572 +Node: Invoking Bash202455 +Node: Bash Startup Files208219 +Node: Interactive Shells213240 +Node: What is an Interactive Shell?213650 +Node: Is this Shell Interactive?214299 +Node: Interactive Shell Behavior215114 +Node: Bash Conditional Expressions218394 +Node: Shell Arithmetic222183 +Node: Aliases224942 +Node: Arrays227514 +Node: The Directory Stack231629 +Node: Directory Stack Builtins232343 +Node: Printing a Prompt235235 +Node: The Restricted Shell237987 +Node: Bash POSIX Mode239819 +Node: Job Control248480 +Node: Job Control Basics248940 +Node: Job Control Builtins253657 +Node: Job Control Variables258021 +Node: Command Line Editing259179 +Node: Introduction and Notation260746 +Node: Readline Interaction262368 +Node: Readline Bare Essentials263559 +Node: Readline Movement Commands265348 +Node: Readline Killing Commands266313 +Node: Readline Arguments268233 +Node: Searching269277 +Node: Readline Init File271463 +Node: Readline Init File Syntax272610 +Node: Conditional Init Constructs287952 +Node: Sample Init File290485 +Node: Bindable Readline Commands293602 +Node: Commands For Moving294809 +Node: Commands For History295953 +Node: Commands For Text299388 +Node: Commands For Killing302061 +Node: Numeric Arguments304518 +Node: Commands For Completion305657 +Node: Keyboard Macros309849 +Node: Miscellaneous Commands310420 +Node: Readline vi Mode316226 +Node: Programmable Completion317133 +Node: Programmable Completion Builtins324343 +Node: Using History Interactively333479 +Node: Bash History Facilities334163 +Node: Bash History Builtins337077 +Node: History Interaction340934 +Node: Event Designators343639 +Node: Word Designators344861 +Node: Modifiers346500 +Node: Installing Bash347904 +Node: Basic Installation349041 +Node: Compilers and Options351733 +Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures352474 +Node: Installation Names354138 +Node: Specifying the System Type354956 +Node: Sharing Defaults355672 +Node: Operation Controls356345 +Node: Optional Features357303 +Node: Reporting Bugs366871 +Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell368072 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License384759 +Node: Indexes409955 +Node: Builtin Index410409 +Node: Reserved Word Index417236 +Node: Variable Index419684 +Node: Function Index432779 +Node: Concept Index439788 End Tag Table diff --git a/doc/bashref.pdf b/doc/bashref.pdf Binary files differindex 61b2472..ef90d3b 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.pdf +++ b/doc/bashref.pdf diff --git a/doc/bashref.ps b/doc/bashref.ps index 8eb5d43..b49bef7 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.ps +++ b/doc/bashref.ps @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ %!PS-Adobe-2.0 %%Creator: dvips(k) 5.95a Copyright 2005 Radical Eye Software %%Title: bashref.dvi -%%Pages: 164 +%%Pages: 168 %%PageOrder: Ascend %%BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792 %%DocumentFonts: CMBX12 CMR10 CMTT10 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/CMSLTT10 rf /Fj 134[65 65 89 65 68 48 48 50 65 68 61 68 102 34 65 1[34 68 61 -37 56 68 55 68 60 34 6[93 1[127 2[85 68 92 92 84 92 96 -116 74 96 1[46 96 96 77 81 94 89 87 93 1[58 5[61 61 61 -61 61 61 61 61 61 61 1[34 41 34 4[34 26[68 72 11[{}63 +37 56 68 55 68 60 34 6[93 1[127 1[94 85 68 92 92 84 92 +96 116 74 96 1[46 96 96 77 81 94 89 87 93 1[58 5[61 61 +61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 1[34 41 34 4[34 26[68 72 11[{}64 109.091 /CMBX12 rf /Fk 135[42 1[42 1[30 37 38 1[46 46 51 74 23 2[28 1[42 1[42 46 42 1[46 51[33 32[51 12[{}18 90.9091 /CMTI10 rf /Fl 135[56 2[56 1[42 55 1[51 58 56 @@ -4293,27 +4285,27 @@ rf /Fn 197[33 58[{}1 119.552 /CMMI12 rf /Fo 134[85 85 21[91 17[45 1[91 12[71{}5 90.9091 /CMSY10 rf /Fq 134[48 48 66 48 51 35 36 36 48 51 45 51 76 25 48 28 25 51 45 28 40 51 40 51 45 8[68 93 1[68 66 51 67 1[62 71 68 83 -57 71 1[33 68 71 59 62 69 66 64 68 13[45 45 45 3[30 2[45 -27[76 1[51 53 11[{}54 90.9091 /CMSL10 rf /Fr 134[71 71 -97 71 75 52 53 55 1[75 67 75 112 37 71 41 37 75 67 41 -61 75 60 75 65 3[37 1[37 1[102 102 139 102 103 94 75 -100 101 92 101 105 128 81 105 69 50 105 106 85 88 103 -97 96 102 105 64 4[37 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 1[37 -45 37 1[67 5[67 112 1[41 20[75 78 11[{}73 119.552 /CMBX12 -rf /Fs 129[48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 +57 71 1[33 68 71 59 62 69 66 64 68 13[45 45 45 3[30 30[76 +1[51 53 11[{}53 90.9091 /CMSL10 rf /Fr 134[71 71 97 71 +75 52 53 55 1[75 67 75 112 37 71 41 37 75 67 41 61 75 +60 75 65 3[37 1[37 1[102 102 139 102 103 94 75 100 101 +92 101 105 128 81 105 69 50 105 106 85 88 103 97 96 102 +105 64 4[37 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 1[37 45 37 +1[67 5[67 112 1[41 20[75 78 11[{}73 119.552 /CMBX12 rf +/Fs 129[48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 -48 48 1[48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 +48 1[48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 -48 48 48 48 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b(and)f(a)g(function)g(with)g(the)g(same)g(name;)j Fs(sh)d Ft(do)s(es)g(not)g(separate)330 1021 y(the)31 @@ -14163,24 +14449,24 @@ Ft(Bash)30 b(functions)e(are)i(p)s(ermitted)f(to)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(lo)s (cal)g(v)-5 b(ariables)30 b(using)f(the)g Fs(local)f Ft(builtin,)i(and)e(th)m(us)330 1272 y(useful)i(recursiv)m(e)g (functions)g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(written)g(\(see)i(Section)f(4.2)g([Bash)g -(Builtins],)g(page)h(41\).)225 1414 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(V)-8 +(Builtins],)g(page)h(43\).)225 1414 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(V)-8 b(ariable)25 b(assignmen)m(ts)g(preceding)e(commands)h(a\013ect)h(only) f(that)g(command,)h(ev)m(en)f(builtins)g(and)330 1524 y(functions)36 b(\(see)h(Section)g(3.7.4)h([En)m(vironmen)m(t],)h(page) -e(31\).)60 b(In)35 b Fs(sh)p Ft(,)j(all)f(v)-5 b(ariable)37 +e(33\).)60 b(In)35 b Fs(sh)p Ft(,)j(all)f(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b(assignmen)m(ts)330 1633 y(preceding)30 b(commands)g(are)h(global)h (unless)d(the)i(command)f(is)h(executed)g(from)f(the)g(\014le)h (system.)225 1775 y Fp(\017)60 b 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+([Bourne)f(Shell)h(Builtins],)g(page)g(37\).)225 5230 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Shell)29 b(functions)g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(exp)s(orted)g (to)h(c)m(hildren)f(via)h(the)g(en)m(vironmen)m(t)g(using)f Fs(export)f(-f)h Ft(\(see)330 5340 y(Section)i(3.3)h([Shell)e(F)-8 -b(unctions],)32 b(page)f(14\).)p eop end -%%Page: 140 146 -TeXDict begin 140 145 bop 150 -116 a Ft(140)2527 b(Bash)31 +b(unctions],)32 b(page)f(15\).)p eop end +%%Page: 144 150 +TeXDict begin 144 149 bop 150 -116 a Ft(144)2527 b(Bash)31 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)225 299 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(The)37 b(Bash)g Fs(export)p Ft(,)h Fs(readonly)p Ft(,)f(and)f Fs(declare)g Ft(builtins)h(can)g(tak)m(e)i(a)f(`)p Fs(-f)p @@ -14249,15 +14535,15 @@ Ft(builtin)g(allo)m(ws)j(a)e(name)g(to)g(b)s(e)f(asso)s(ciated)j(with)d (an)h(arbitrary)f(\014lename,)330 874 y(ev)m(en)30 b(when)e(that)h (\014lename)g(cannot)h(b)s(e)e(found)g(b)m(y)h(searc)m(hing)g(the)g Fs($PATH)p Ft(,)g(using)f(`)p Fs(hash)h(-p)p Ft(')g(\(see)330 -984 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Fc(:)k(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g @@ -15319,13 +15605,13 @@ g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)34 b Fb(10)2025 2143 y Fe(function)12 b Fc(:)j(:)e(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)39 -b Fb(14)2025 2394 y Fr(I)2025 2518 y Fe(if)10 b Fc(:)k(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g +b Fb(15)2025 2394 y Fr(I)2025 2518 y Fe(if)10 b Fc(:)k(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)37 b Fb(10)2025 2608 y Fe(in)10 b Fc(:)k(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) 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Fb(tilde)26 b(expansion)18 +b Fb(91)2025 3118 y Fr(T)2025 3235 y Fb(tilde)26 b(expansion)18 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)45 -b Fb(19)2025 2878 y(tok)n(en)11 b Fc(:)h(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) +b Fb(20)2025 3322 y(tok)n(en)11 b Fc(:)h(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)38 -b Fb(4)2025 2967 y(translation,)27 b(nativ)n(e)e(languages)13 +b Fb(4)2025 3409 y(translation,)27 b(nativ)n(e)e(languages)13 b Fc(:)i(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) -g(:)g(:)g(:)40 b Fb(7)2025 3227 y Fr(V)2025 3347 y Fb(v)l(ariable,)26 +g(:)g(:)g(:)40 b Fb(7)2025 3660 y Fr(V)2025 3776 y Fb(v)l(ariable,)26 b(shell)8 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) -f(:)g(:)g(:)34 b Fb(15)2025 3436 y(v)l(ariables,)27 b(readline)21 +f(:)g(:)g(:)34 b Fb(17)2025 3864 y(v)l(ariables,)27 b(readline)21 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)47 -b Fb(97)2025 3695 y Fr(W)2025 3815 y Fb(w)n(ord)21 b +b Fb(99)2025 4114 y Fr(W)2025 4230 y Fb(w)n(ord)21 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) -g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)48 b Fb(4)2025 3904 +g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)48 b Fb(4)2025 4318 y(w)n(ord)26 b(splitting)21 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) -g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)47 b Fb(23)2025 4164 y Fr(Y)2025 -4284 y Fb(y)n(anking)25 b(text)9 b Fc(:)j(:)h(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g +g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)47 b Fb(25)2025 4568 y Fr(Y)2025 +4685 y Fb(y)n(anking)25 b(text)9 b Fc(:)j(:)h(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) -g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)35 b Fb(95)p eop +g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)35 b Fb(97)p eop end -%%Page: 158 164 -TeXDict begin 158 163 bop eop end +%%Page: 162 168 +TeXDict begin 162 167 bop eop end %%Trailer userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if diff --git a/doc/bashref.texi b/doc/bashref.texi index bf8e3d0..b4fd8d3 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.texi +++ b/doc/bashref.texi @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ This is Edition @value{EDITION}, last updated @value{UPDATED}, of @cite{The GNU Bash Reference Manual}, for @code{Bash}, Version @value{VERSION}. -Copyright @copyright{} 1988--2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright @copyright{} 1988--2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice @@ -522,6 +522,12 @@ the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value @var{nnn} @item \x@var{HH} the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value @var{HH} (one or two hex digits) +@item \u@var{HHHH} +the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value +@var{HHHH} (one to four hex digits) +@item \U@var{HHHHHHHH} +the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value +@var{HHHHHHHH} (one to eight hex digits) @item \c@var{x} a control-@var{x} character @end table @@ -590,6 +596,7 @@ some other grouping. * Lists:: How to execute commands sequentially. * Compound Commands:: Shell commands for control flow. * Coprocesses:: Two-way communication between commands. +* GNU Parallel:: Running commands in parallel. @end menu @node Simple Commands @@ -641,6 +648,9 @@ The statistics currently consist of elapsed (wall-clock) time and user and system time consumed by the command's execution. The @option{-p} option changes the output format to that specified by @sc{posix}. +When the shell is in @sc{posix} mode (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}), +it does not recognize @code{time} as a reserved word if the next +token begins with a @samp{-}. The @env{TIMEFORMAT} variable may be set to a format string that specifies how the timing information should be displayed. @xref{Bash Variables}, for a description of the available formats. @@ -648,6 +658,12 @@ The use of @code{time} as a reserved word permits the timing of shell builtins, shell functions, and pipelines. An external @code{time} command cannot time these easily. +When the shell is in @sc{posix} mode (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}), @code{time} +may be followed by a newline. In this case, the shell displays the +total user and system time consumed by the shell and its children. +The @env{TIMEFORMAT} variable may be used to specify the format of +the time information. + If the pipeline is not executed asynchronously (@pxref{Lists}), the shell waits for all commands in the pipeline to complete. @@ -804,7 +820,7 @@ until it evaluates to zero. Each time @var{expr2} evaluates to a non-zero value, @var{commands} are executed and the arithmetic expression @var{expr3} is evaluated. If any expression is omitted, it behaves as if it evaluates to 1. -The return value is the exit status of the last command in @var{list} +The return value is the exit status of the last command in @var{commands} that is executed, or false if any of the expressions is invalid. @end table @@ -979,7 +995,7 @@ substitution, and quote removal are performed. Conditional operators such as @samp{-f} must be unquoted to be recognized as primaries. -When used with @samp{[[}, The @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators sort +When used with @samp{[[}, the @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. When the @samp{==} and @samp{!=} operators are used, the string to the @@ -1119,13 +1135,88 @@ command (@pxref{Redirections}). The file descriptors can be utilized as arguments to shell commands and redirections using standard word expansions. -The process id of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is +The process ID of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is available as the value of the variable @var{NAME}_PID. The @code{wait} builtin command may be used to wait for the coprocess to terminate. The return status of a coprocess is the exit status of @var{command}. +@node GNU Parallel +@subsection GNU Parallel + +GNU Parallel, as its name suggests, can be used to build and run commands +in parallel. You may run the same command with different arguments, whether +they are filenames, usernames, hostnames, or lines read from files. + +For a complete description, refer to the GNU Parallel documentation. A few +examples should provide a brief introduction to its use. + +For example, it is easy to prefix each line in a text file with a specified +string: +@example +cat file | parallel -k echo prefix_string +@end example +@noindent +The @option{-k} option is required to preserve the lines' order. + +Similarly, you can append a specified string to each line in a text file: +@example +cat file | parallel -k echo @{@} append_string +@end example + +You can use Parallel to move files from the current directory when the +number of files is too large to process with one @code{mv} invocation: +@example +ls | parallel mv @{@} destdir +@end example + +As you can see, the @{@} is replaced with each line read from standard input. +This will run as many @code{mv} commands as there are files in the current +directory. You can emulate a parallel @code{xargs} by adding the @option{-X} +option: +@example +ls | parallel -X mv @{@} destdir +@end example + +GNU Parallel can replace certain common idioms that operate on lines read +from a file (in this case, filenames): +@example + for x in $(cat list); do + do-something1 $x config-$x + do-something2 < $x + done | process-output +@end example + +@noindent +with a more compact syntax reminiscent of lambdas: +@example +cat list | parallel "do-something1 @{@} config-@{@} ; do-something2 < @{@}" | process-output +@end example + +Parallel provides a built-in mechanism to remove filename extensions, which +lends itself to batch file transformations or renaming: +@example +ls *.gz | parallel -j+0 "zcat @{@} | bzip2 >@{.@}.bz2 && rm @{@}" +@end example +@noindent +This will recompress all files in the current directory with names ending +in .gz using bzip2, running one job per CPU (-j+0) in parallel. + +If a command generates output, you may want to preserve the input order in +the output. For instance, the following command +@example +@{ echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; @} | parallel traceroute +@end example +@noindent +will display as output the traceroute invocation that finishes first. Using +the @option{-k} option, as we saw above +@example +@{ echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; @} | parallel -k traceroute +@end example +@noindent +will ensure that the output of @code{traceroute foss.org.my} is displayed first. + @node Shell Functions @section Shell Functions @cindex shell function @@ -1142,7 +1233,8 @@ shell context; no new process is created to interpret them. Functions are declared using this syntax: @rwindex function @example -[ @code{function} ] @var{name} () @var{compound-command} [ @var{redirections} ] +@var{name} () @var{compound-command} [ @var{redirections} ]@*or@* +@code{function} @var{name} [()] @var{compound-command} [ @var{redirections} ] @end example This defines a shell function named @var{name}. The reserved @@ -1198,6 +1290,11 @@ shell option has been enabled. @xref{Bourne Shell Builtins}, for the description of the @code{trap} builtin. +The @env{FUNCNEST} variable, if set to a numeric value greater +than 0, defines a maximum function nesting level. Function +invocations that exceed the limit cause the entire command to +abort. + If the builtin command @code{return} is executed in a function, the function completes and execution resumes with the next command after the function @@ -1232,8 +1329,10 @@ in multiple identically-named entries in the environment passed to the shell's children. Care should be taken in cases where this may cause a problem. -Functions may be recursive. No limit is placed on the number of -recursive calls. +Functions may be recursive. +The @code{FUNCNEST} variable may be used to limit the depth of the +function call stack and restrict the number of function invocations. +By default, no limit is placed on the number of recursive calls. @node Shell Parameters @section Shell Parameters @@ -1283,7 +1382,7 @@ In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value to a shell variable or array index (@pxref{Arrays}), the @samp{+=} operator can be used to append to or add to the variable's previous value. -When @samp{+=} is applied to a variable for which the integer attribute +When @samp{+=} is applied to a variable for which the @var{integer} attribute has been set, @var{value} is evaluated as an arithmetic expression and added to the variable's current value, which is also evaluated. When @samp{+=} is applied to an array variable using compound assignment @@ -1618,7 +1717,7 @@ Bash uses the value of the variable formed from the rest of expanded and that value is used in the rest of the substitution, rather than the value of @var{parameter} itself. This is known as @code{indirect expansion}. -The exceptions to this are the expansions of $@{!@var{prefix*}@} +The exceptions to this are the expansions of $@{!@var{prefix}@*@} and $@{!@var{name}[@@]@} described below. The exclamation point must immediately follow the left brace in order to @@ -1672,9 +1771,13 @@ If @var{length} is omitted, expands to the substring of (@pxref{Shell Arithmetic}). This is referred to as Substring Expansion. -@var{length} must evaluate to a number greater than or equal to zero. If @var{offset} evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is used as an offset from the end of the value of @var{parameter}. +If @var{length} evaluates to a number less than zero, and @var{parameter} +is not @samp{@@} and not an indexed or associative array, it is interpreted +as an offset from the end of the value of @var{parameter} rather than +a number of characters, and the expansion is the characters between the +two offsets. If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@}, the result is @var{length} positional parameters beginning at @var{offset}. If @var{parameter} is an indexed array name subscripted @@ -2838,7 +2941,7 @@ The return status is zero unless @var{n} is not greater than or equal to 1. @item cd @btindex cd @example -cd [-L|-P] [@var{directory}] +cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [@var{directory}] @end example Change the current working directory to @var{directory}. If @var{directory} is not given, the value of the @env{HOME} shell @@ -2848,6 +2951,10 @@ If @var{directory} begins with a slash, @env{CDPATH} is not used. The @option{-P} option means to not follow symbolic links; symbolic links are followed by default or with the @option{-L} option. +If the @option{-e} option is supplied with @option{-P} +and the current working directory cannot be successfully determined +after a successful directory change, @code{cd} will return an unsuccessful +status. If @var{directory} is @samp{-}, it is equivalent to @env{$OLDPWD}. If a non-empty directory name from @env{CDPATH} is used, or if @@ -2954,7 +3061,7 @@ invocation if a new set of parameters is to be used. When the end of options is encountered, @code{getopts} exits with a return value greater than zero. @env{OPTIND} is set to the index of the first non-option argument, -and @code{name} is set to @samp{?}. +and @var{name} is set to @samp{?}. @code{getopts} normally parses the positional parameters, but if more arguments are @@ -2986,10 +3093,12 @@ If @code{getopts} is silent, then a colon (@samp{:}) is placed in @example hash [-r] [-p @var{filename}] [-dt] [@var{name}] @end example -Remember the full pathnames of commands specified as @var{name} arguments, +Each time @code{hash} is invoked, it remembers the full pathnames of the +commands specified as @var{name} arguments, so they need not be searched for on subsequent invocations. The commands are found by searching through the directories listed in @env{$PATH}. +Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. The @option{-p} option inhibits the path search, and @var{filename} is used as the location of @var{name}. The @option{-r} option causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. @@ -3023,7 +3132,7 @@ is supplied. @item readonly @btindex readonly @example -readonly [-aApf] [@var{name}[=@var{value}]] @dots{} +readonly [-aAf] [-p] [@var{name}[=@var{value}]] @dots{} @end example Mark each @var{name} as readonly. The values of these names may not be changed by subsequent assignment. @@ -3032,8 +3141,11 @@ function. The @option{-a} option means each @var{name} refers to an indexed array variable; the @option{-A} option means each @var{name} refers to an associative array variable. +If both options are supplied, @option{-A} takes precedence. If no @var{name} arguments are given, or if the @option{-p} option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. +The other options may be used to restrict the output to a subset of +the set of readonly names. The @option{-p} option causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by =@var{value}, the value of @@ -3093,6 +3205,7 @@ be a @code{]}. Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation depends on the number of arguments; see below. +Operator precedence is used when there are five or more arguments. @table @code @item ! @var{expr} @@ -3129,6 +3242,7 @@ If the first argument is not a valid unary operator, the expression is false. @item 3 arguments +The following conditions are applied in the order listed. If the second argument is one of the binary conditional operators (@pxref{Bash Conditional Expressions}), the result of the expression is the result of the binary test using the @@ -3153,6 +3267,9 @@ The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the rules listed above. @end table +When used with @code{test} or @samp{[}, the @samp{<} and @samp{>} +operators sort lexicographically using ASCII ordering. + @item times @btindex times @example @@ -3448,6 +3565,11 @@ If the @code{extdebug} shell option is enabled using @code{shopt} (@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}), the source file name and line number where the function is defined are displayed as well. @option{-F} implies @option{-f}. + +The @option{-g} option forces variables to be created or modified at +the global scope, even when @code{declare} is executed in a shell function. +It is ignored in all other cases. + The following options can be used to restrict output to variables with the specified attributes or to give variables attributes: @@ -3496,8 +3618,9 @@ with the exceptions that @samp{+a} may not be used to destroy an array variable and @samp{+r} will not remove the readonly attribute. When used in a function, @code{declare} makes each @var{name} local, -as with the @code{local} command. If a variable name is followed by -=@var{value}, the value of the variable is set to @var{value}. +as with the @code{local} command, unless the @samp{-g} option is used. +If a variable name is followed by =@var{value}, the value of the variable +is set to @var{value}. The return status is zero unless an invalid option is encountered, an attempt is made to define a function using @samp{-f foo=bar}, @@ -3536,6 +3659,7 @@ backspace @item \c suppress further output @item \e +@itemx \E escape @item \f form feed @@ -3555,6 +3679,12 @@ the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value @var{nnn} @item \x@var{HH} the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value @var{HH} (one or two hex digits) +@item \u@var{HHHH} +the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value +@var{HHHH} (one to four hex digits) +@item \U@var{HHHHHHHH} +the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value +@var{HHHHHHHH} (one to eight hex digits) @end table @item enable @@ -3679,7 +3809,8 @@ Specify the number of lines read between each call to @var{callback}. If @option{-C} is specified without @option{-c}, the default quantum is 5000. When @var{callback} is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next -array element to be assigned as an additional argument. +array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that element +as additional arguments. @var{callback} is evaluated after the line is read but before the array element is assigned. @@ -3697,22 +3828,40 @@ printf [-v @var{var}] @var{format} [@var{arguments}] @end example Write the formatted @var{arguments} to the standard output under the control of the @var{format}. +The @option{-v} option causes the output to be assigned to the variable +@var{var} rather than being printed to the standard output. + The @var{format} is a character string which contains three types of objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard output, character escape sequences, which are converted and copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next successive @var{argument}. -In addition to the standard @code{printf(1)} formats, @samp{%b} causes -@code{printf} to expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding -@var{argument}, +In addition to the standard @code{printf(1)} formats, @code{printf} +interprets the following extensions: + +@table @code +@item %b +causes @code{printf} to expand backslash escape sequences in the +corresponding @var{argument}, (except that @samp{\c} terminates output, backslashes in @samp{\'}, @samp{\"}, and @samp{\?} are not removed, and octal escapes -beginning with @samp{\0} may contain up to four digits), -and @samp{%q} causes @code{printf} to output the +beginning with @samp{\0} may contain up to four digits). +@item %q +causes @code{printf} to output the corresponding @var{argument} in a format that can be reused as shell input. +@item %(@var{datefmt})T +causes @code{printf} to output the date-time string resulting from using +@var{datefmt} as a format string for @code{strftime}(3). The corresponding +@var{argument} is an integer representing the number of seconds since the +epoch. Two special argument values may be used: -1 represents the current +time, and -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. +@end table -The @option{-v} option causes the output to be assigned to the variable -@var{var} rather than being printed to the standard output. +@noindent +Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C language constants, +except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and if the leading +character is a single or double quote, the value is the ASCII value of +the following character. The @var{format} is reused as necessary to consume all of the @var{arguments}. If the @var{format} requires more @var{arguments} than are supplied, the @@ -3939,7 +4088,8 @@ The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds. The maximum number of processes available to a single user. @item -v -The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the process. +The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell, and, on +some systems, to its children. @item -x The maximum number of file locks. @@ -3999,8 +4149,8 @@ parameters, or to display the names and values of shell variables. @item set @btindex set @example -set [--abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [-o @var{option}] [@var{argument} @dots{}] -set [+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [+o @var{option}] [@var{argument} @dots{}] +set [--abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [-o @var{option-name}] [@var{argument} @dots{}] +set [+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [+o @var{option-name}] [@var{argument} @dots{}] @end example If no options or arguments are supplied, @code{set} displays the names @@ -4361,7 +4511,29 @@ easy re-editing of multi-line commands. @item compat31 If set, Bash changes its behavior to that of version 3.1 with respect to quoted -arguments to the conditional command's =~ operator. +arguments to the conditional command's @samp{=~} operator. + +@item compat32 +If set, Bash +changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 with respect to locale-specific +string comparison when using the @samp{[[} +conditional command's @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators. +Bash versions prior to bash-4.0 use ASCII collation and strcmp(3); +bash-4.1 and later use the current locale's collation sequence and strcoll(3). + +@item compat40 +If set, Bash +changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 with respect to locale-specific +string comparison when using the @samp{[[} +conditional command's @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators (see previous item) +and the effect of interrupting a command list. + +@item compat41 +If set, Bash, when in posix mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted +parameter expansion as a special character. The single quotes must match +(an even number) and the characters between the single quotes are considered +quoted. This is the behavior of @sc{posix} mode through version 4.1. +The default Bash behavior remains as in previous versions. @item dirspell If set, Bash @@ -4414,7 +4586,7 @@ subshells invoked with @code{( @var{command} )} inherit the @item Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and subshells invoked with @code{( @var{command} )} inherit the -@code{ERROR} trap. +@code{ERR} trap. @end enumerate @item extglob @@ -4439,7 +4611,7 @@ This option is enabled by default. @item globstar If set, the pattern @samp{**} used in a filename expansion context will -match a files and zero or more directories and subdirectories. +match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a @samp{/}, only directories and subdirectories match. @@ -4479,6 +4651,10 @@ to cause that word and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored in an interactive shell. This option is enabled by default. +@item lastpipe +If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs the last command of +a pipeline not executed in the background in the current shell environment. + @item lithist If enabled, and the @code{cmdhist} option is enabled, multi-line commands are saved to the history with @@ -4621,9 +4797,10 @@ A list of characters that separate fields; used when the shell splits words as part of expansion. @item MAIL -If this parameter is set to a filename and the @env{MAILPATH} variable +If this parameter is set to a filename or directory name +and the @env{MAILPATH} variable is not set, Bash informs the user of the arrival of mail in -the specified file. +the specified file or Maildir-format directory. @item MAILPATH A colon-separated list of filenames which the shell periodically checks @@ -4685,13 +4862,13 @@ starts up, each shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any startup files. This variable is readonly. @item BASHPID -Expands to the process id of the current Bash process. +Expands to the process ID of the current Bash process. This differs from @code{$$} under certain circumstances, such as subshells that do not require Bash to be re-initialized. @item BASH_ALIASES An associative array variable whose members correspond to the internal -list of aliases as maintained by the @code{alias} builtin +list of aliases as maintained by the @code{alias} builtin. (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}). Elements added to this array appear in the alias list; unsetting array elements cause aliases to be removed from the alias list. @@ -4741,11 +4918,11 @@ The command argument to the @option{-c} invocation option. @item BASH_LINENO An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source files -corresponding to each member of @var{FUNCNAME}. -@code{$@{BASH_LINENO[$i]@}} is the line number in the source file where +where each corresponding member of @var{FUNCNAME} was invoked. +@code{$@{BASH_LINENO[$i]@}} is the line number in the source file +(@code{$@{BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]@}}) where @code{$@{FUNCNAME[$i]@}} was called (or @code{$@{BASH_LINENO[$i-1]@}} if -referenced within another shell function). -The corresponding source file name is @code{$@{BASH_SOURCE[$i]@}}. +referenced within another shell function). Use @code{LINENO} to obtain the current line number. @item BASH_REMATCH @@ -4759,8 +4936,11 @@ string matching the @var{n}th parenthesized subexpression. This variable is read-only. @item BASH_SOURCE -An array variable whose members are the source filenames corresponding -to the elements in the @code{FUNCNAME} array variable. +An array variable whose members are the source filenames where the +corresponding shell function names in the @code{FUNCNAME} array +variable are defined. +The shell function @code{$@{FUNCNAME[$i]@}} is defined in the file +@code{$@{BASH_SOURCE[$i]@}} and called from @code{$@{BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]@}} @item BASH_SUBSHELL Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell environment is spawned. @@ -4811,7 +4991,7 @@ descriptor) and then unsetting it will result in the standard error being closed. @item COLUMNS -Used by the @code{select} builtin command to determine the terminal width +Used by the @code{select} command to determine the terminal width when printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a @code{SIGWINCH}. @@ -4872,6 +5052,10 @@ An array variable from which Bash reads the possible completions generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable completion facility (@pxref{Programmable Completion}). +@item COPROC +An array variable created to hold the file descriptors +for output from and input to an unnamed coprocess (@pxref{Coprocesses}). + @item DIRSTACK An array variable containing the current contents of the directory stack. Directories appear in the stack in the order they are displayed by the @@ -4886,7 +5070,11 @@ it is subsequently reset. @item EMACS If Bash finds this variable in the environment when the shell starts with value @samp{t}, it assumes that the shell is running in an -emacs shell buffer and disables line editing. +Emacs shell buffer and disables line editing. + +@item ENV +Similar to @code{BASH_ENV}; used when the shell is invoked in +@sc{posix} Mode (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}). @item EUID The numeric effective user id of the current user. This variable @@ -4909,12 +5097,26 @@ An array variable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the execution call stack. The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing shell function. -The bottom-most element is @code{"main"}. +The bottom-most element (the one with the highest index) +is @code{"main"}. This variable exists only when a shell function is executing. Assignments to @env{FUNCNAME} have no effect and return an error status. If @env{FUNCNAME} is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. +This variable can be used with @code{BASH_LINENO} and @code{BASH_SOURCE}. +Each element of @code{FUNCNAME} has corresponding elements in +@code{BASH_LINENO} and @code{BASH_SOURCE} to describe the call stack. +For instance, @code{$@{FUNCNAME[$i]@}} was called from the file +@code{$@{BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]@}} at line number @code{$@{BASH_LINENO[$i]@}}. +The @code{caller} builtin displays the current call stack using this +information. + +@item FUNCNEST +If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum function +nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this nesting level +will cause the current command to abort. + @item GLOBIGNORE A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames to be ignored by filename expansion. @@ -5078,7 +5280,7 @@ This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting. The line number in the script or shell function currently executing. @item LINES -Used by the @code{select} builtin command to determine the column length +Used by the @code{select} command to determine the column length for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a @code{SIGWINCH}. @@ -5094,6 +5296,10 @@ for mail, the shell does so before displaying the primary prompt. If this variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking. +@item MAPFILE +An array variable created to hold the text read by the +@code{mapfile} builtin when no variable name is supplied. + @item OLDPWD The previous working directory as set by the @code{cd} builtin. @@ -5156,6 +5362,14 @@ Each time this parameter is referenced, a random integer between 0 and 32767 is generated. Assigning a value to this variable seeds the random number generator. +@item READLINE_LINE +The contents of the Readline line buffer, for use +with @samp{bind -x} (@pxref{Bash Builtins}). + +@item READLINE_POINT +The position of the insertion point in the Readline line buffer, for use +with @samp{bind -x} (@pxref{Bash Builtins}). + @item REPLY The default variable for the @code{read} builtin. @@ -5284,8 +5498,9 @@ bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @var{option}] [-O @var{shopt_option}] bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @var{option}] [-O @var{shopt_option}] [@var{argument} @dots{}] @end example -In addition to the single-character shell command-line options -(@pxref{The Set Builtin}), there are several multi-character +All of the single-character options used with the @code{set} builtin +(@pxref{The Set Builtin}) can be used as options when the shell is invoked. +In addition, there are several multi-character options that you can use. These options must appear on the command line before the single-character options to be recognized. @@ -5294,9 +5509,7 @@ line before the single-character options to be recognized. Arrange for the debugger profile to be executed before the shell starts. Turns on extended debugging mode (see @ref{The Shopt Builtin} for a description of the @code{extdebug} option to the @code{shopt} -builtin) and shell function tracing -(see @ref{The Set Builtin} for a description of the @code{-o functrace} -option). +builtin). @item --dump-po-strings A list of all double-quoted strings preceded by @samp{$} @@ -5527,7 +5740,7 @@ No other startup files are read. @subsubheading Invoked by remote shell daemon Bash attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard input -connected to a a network connection, as if by the remote shell +connected to a network connection, as when executed by the remote shell daemon, usually @code{rshd}, or the secure shell daemon @code{sshd}. If Bash determines it is being run in this fashion, it reads and executes commands from @file{~/.bashrc}, if that @@ -5722,8 +5935,9 @@ If the @var{file} argument to one of the primaries is one of @file{/dev/stdin}, @file{/dev/stdout}, or @file{/dev/stderr}, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked. -When used with @samp{[[}, The @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators sort +When used with @samp{[[}, the @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. +The @code{test} command uses ASCII ordering. Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow symbolic links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself. @@ -5777,20 +5991,24 @@ True if @var{file} exists and is writable. @item -x @var{file} True if @var{file} exists and is executable. -@item -O @var{file} -True if @var{file} exists and is owned by the effective user id. - @item -G @var{file} True if @var{file} exists and is owned by the effective group id. @item -L @var{file} True if @var{file} exists and is a symbolic link. +@item -N @var{file} +True if @var{file} exists and has been modified since it was last read. + +@item -O @var{file} +True if @var{file} exists and is owned by the effective user id. + @item -S @var{file} True if @var{file} exists and is a socket. -@item -N @var{file} -True if @var{file} exists and has been modified since it was last read. +@item @var{file1} -ef @var{file2} +True if @var{file1} and @var{file2} refer to the same device and +inode numbers. @item @var{file1} -nt @var{file2} True if @var{file1} is newer (according to modification date) @@ -5800,15 +6018,14 @@ than @var{file2}, or if @var{file1} exists and @var{file2} does not. True if @var{file1} is older than @var{file2}, or if @var{file2} exists and @var{file1} does not. -@item @var{file1} -ef @var{file2} -True if @var{file1} and @var{file2} refer to the same device and -inode numbers. - @item -o @var{optname} -True if shell option @var{optname} is enabled. +True if the shell option @var{optname} is enabled. The list of options appears in the description of the @option{-o} option to the @code{set} builtin (@pxref{The Set Builtin}). +@item -v @var{varname} +True if the shell variable @var{varname} is set (has been assigned a value). + @item -z @var{string} True if the length of @var{string} is zero. @@ -5928,12 +6145,12 @@ The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the @var{integer} attribute using @samp{declare -i} is assigned a value. A null value evaluates to 0. -A shell variable need not have its integer attribute turned on +A shell variable need not have its @var{integer} attribute turned on to be used in an expression. Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers. A leading @samp{0x} or @samp{0X} denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, -numbers take the form [@var{base}@code{#}]@var{n}, where @var{base} +numbers take the form [@var{base}@code{#}]@var{n}, where the optional @var{base} is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing the arithmetic base, and @var{n} is a number in that base. If @var{base}@code{#} is omitted, then base 10 is used. @@ -6028,8 +6245,11 @@ name[@var{subscript}]=@var{value} @noindent The @var{subscript} -is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number -greater than or equal to zero. To explicitly declare an array, use +is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number. +If @var{subscript} evaluates to a number less than zero, it is used as +an offset from one greater than the array's maximum index (so a subcript +of -1 refers to the last element of the array). +To explicitly declare an array, use @example declare -a @var{name} @end example @@ -6111,6 +6331,7 @@ entire array. The @code{declare}, @code{local}, and @code{readonly} builtins each accept a @option{-a} option to specify an indexed array and a @option{-A} option to specify an associative array. +If both options are supplied, @option{-A} takes precedence. The @code{read} builtin accepts a @option{-a} option to assign a list of words read from the standard input to an array, and can read values from the standard input into @@ -6440,6 +6661,11 @@ Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic expansion results in an invalid expression. @item +Non-interactive shells exit if there is a syntax error in a script read +with the @code{.} or @code{source} builtins, or in a string processed by +the @code{eval} builtin. + +@item Redirection operators do not perform filename expansion on the word in the redirection unless the shell is interactive. @@ -6458,21 +6684,30 @@ causes a fatal syntax error in non-interactive shells. during command lookup. @item +The @code{time} reserved word may be used by itself as a command. When +used in this way, it displays timing statistics for the shell and its +completed children. The @env{TIMEFORMAT} variable controls the format +of the timing information. + +@item +When parsing and expanding a $@{@dots{}@} expansion that appears within +double quotes, single quotes are no longer special and cannot be used to +quote a closing brace or other special character, unless the operator is +one of those defined to perform pattern removal. In this case, they do +not have to appear as matched pairs. + +@item +The parser does not recognize @code{time} as a reserved word if the next +token begins with a @samp{-}. + +@item If a @sc{posix} special builtin returns an error status, a non-interactive shell exits. The fatal errors are those listed in -the POSIX standard, and include things like passing incorrect options, +the @sc{posix} standard, and include things like passing incorrect options, redirection errors, variable assignment errors for assignments preceding the command name, and so on. @item -If @env{CDPATH} is set, the @code{cd} builtin will not implicitly -append the current directory to it. This means that @code{cd} will -fail if no valid directory name can be constructed from -any of the entries in @env{$CDPATH}, even if the a directory with -the same name as the name given as an argument to @code{cd} exists -in the current directory. - -@item A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable assignment error occurs when no command name follows the assignment statements. @@ -6480,6 +6715,11 @@ A variable assignment error occurs, for example, when trying to assign a value to a readonly variable. @item +A non-interactive shell exists with an error status if a variable +assignment error occurs in an assignment statement preceding a special +builtin, but not with any other simple command. + +@item A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the iteration variable in a @code{for} statement or the selection variable in a @code{select} statement is a readonly variable. @@ -6545,10 +6785,6 @@ does not refer to an existing directory, @code{cd} will fail instead of falling back to @var{physical} mode. @item -When the @code{pwd} builtin is supplied the @option{-P} option, it resets -@code{$PWD} to a pathname containing no symlinks. - -@item The @code{pwd} builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as the current directory, even if it is not asked to check the file system with the @option{-P} option. @@ -7269,7 +7505,7 @@ Include support for the @code{[[} conditional command. (@pxref{Conditional Constructs}). @item --enable-cond-regexp -Include support for matching POSIX regular expressions using the +Include support for matching @sc{posix} regular expressions using the @samp{=~} binary operator in the @code{[[} conditional command. (@pxref{Conditional Constructs}). @@ -7350,8 +7586,8 @@ when called as @code{rbash}, enters a restricted mode. See @ref{The Restricted Shell}, for a description of restricted mode. @item --enable-select -Include the @code{select} builtin, which allows the generation of simple -menus (@pxref{Conditional Constructs}). +Include the @code{select} compound command, which allows the generation of +simple menus (@pxref{Conditional Constructs}). @item --enable-separate-helpfiles Use external files for the documentation displayed by the @code{help} builtin diff --git a/doc/builtins.0 b/doc/builtins.0 index a721e38..5361dd7 100644 --- a/doc/builtins.0 +++ b/doc/builtins.0 @@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS ccaalllleerr [_e_x_p_r] Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell func- - tion or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins. With- + tion or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins). With- out _e_x_p_r, ccaalllleerr displays the line number and source filename of the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup- plied as _e_x_p_r, ccaalllleerr displays the line number, subroutine name, @@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS routine call or _e_x_p_r does not correspond to a valid position in the call stack. - ccdd [--LL||--PP] [_d_i_r] + ccdd [--LL|[--PP [--ee]]] [_d_i_r] Change the current directory to _d_i_r. The variable HHOOMMEE is the default _d_i_r. The variable CCDDPPAATTHH defines the search path for the directory containing _d_i_r. Alternative directory names in @@ -150,104 +150,107 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS option says to use the physical directory structure instead of following symbolic links (see also the --PP option to the sseett builtin command); the --LL option forces symbolic links to be fol- - lowed. An argument of -- is equivalent to $$OOLLDDPPWWDD. If a non- - empty directory name from CCDDPPAATTHH is used, or if -- is the first - argument, and the directory change is successful, the absolute - pathname of the new working directory is written to the standard - output. The return value is true if the directory was success- + lowed. If the --ee option is supplied with --PP, and the current + working directory cannot be successfully determined after a suc- + cessful directory change, ccdd will return an unsuccessful status. + An argument of -- is equivalent to $$OOLLDDPPWWDD. If a non-empty + directory name from CCDDPPAATTHH is used, or if -- is the first argu- + ment, and the directory change is successful, the absolute path- + name of the new working directory is written to the standard + output. The return value is true if the directory was success- fully changed; false otherwise. ccoommmmaanndd [--ppVVvv] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g ...] - Run _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the normal shell function - lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the PPAATTHH are - executed. If the --pp option is given, the search for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is - performed using a default value for PPAATTHH that is guaranteed to - find all of the standard utilities. If either the --VV or --vv + Run _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the normal shell function + lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the PPAATTHH are + executed. If the --pp option is given, the search for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is + performed using a default value for PPAATTHH that is guaranteed to + find all of the standard utilities. If either the --VV or --vv option is supplied, a description of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is printed. The --vv - option causes a single word indicating the command or file name + option causes a single word indicating the command or file name used to invoke _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be displayed; the --VV option produces a - more verbose description. If the --VV or --vv option is supplied, - the exit status is 0 if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d was found, and 1 if not. If + more verbose description. If the --VV or --vv option is supplied, + the exit status is 0 if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d was found, and 1 if not. If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or _c_o_m_m_a_n_d can- - not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta- + not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta- tus of the ccoommmmaanndd builtin is the exit status of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. ccoommppggeenn [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_w_o_r_d] - Generate possible completion matches for _w_o_r_d according to the - _o_p_t_i_o_ns, which may be any option accepted by the ccoommpplleettee - builtin with the exception of --pp and --rr, and write the matches - to the standard output. When using the --FF or --CC options, the - various shell variables set by the programmable completion + Generate possible completion matches for _w_o_r_d according to the + _o_p_t_i_o_ns, which may be any option accepted by the ccoommpplleettee + builtin with the exception of --pp and --rr, and write the matches + to the standard output. When using the --FF or --CC options, the + various shell variables set by the programmable completion facilities, while available, will not have useful values. - The matches will be generated in the same way as if the pro- - grammable completion code had generated them directly from a + The matches will be generated in the same way as if the pro- + grammable completion code had generated them directly from a completion specification with the same flags. If _w_o_r_d is speci- fied, only those completions matching _w_o_r_d will be displayed. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, or no matches were generated. - ccoommpplleettee [--aabbccddeeffggjjkkssuuvv] [--oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEE] [--AA _a_c_t_i_o_n] [--GG _g_l_o_b_- + ccoommpplleettee [--aabbccddeeffggjjkkssuuvv] [--oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEE] [--AA _a_c_t_i_o_n] [--GG _g_l_o_b_- _p_a_t] [--WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t] [--FF _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n] [--CC _c_o_m_m_a_n_d] [--XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t] [--PP _p_r_e_f_i_x] [--SS _s_u_f_f_i_x] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e _._._.] ccoommpplleettee --pprr [--DDEE] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Specify how arguments to each _n_a_m_e should be completed. If the - --pp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing - completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them + Specify how arguments to each _n_a_m_e should be completed. If the + --pp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing + completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them to be reused as input. The --rr option removes a completion spec- - ification for each _n_a_m_e, or, if no _n_a_m_es are supplied, all com- + ification for each _n_a_m_e, or, if no _n_a_m_es are supplied, all com- pletion specifications. The --DD option indicates that the - remaining options and actions should apply to the ``default'' - command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command - for which no completion has previously been defined. The --EE - option indicates that the remaining options and actions should - apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion + remaining options and actions should apply to the ``default'' + command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command + for which no completion has previously been defined. The --EE + option indicates that the remaining options and actions should + apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line. - The process of applying these completion specifications when - word completion is attempted is described above under PPrroo-- + The process of applying these completion specifications when + word completion is attempted is described above under PPrroo-- ggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn. - Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The - arguments to the --GG, --WW, and --XX options (and, if necessary, the - --PP and --SS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan- + Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The + arguments to the --GG, --WW, and --XX options (and, if necessary, the + --PP and --SS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan- sion before the ccoommpplleettee builtin is invoked. --oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n - The _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n controls several aspects of the comp- - spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple- + The _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n controls several aspects of the comp- + spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple- tions. _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n may be one of: bbaasshhddeeffaauulltt Perform the rest of the default bbaasshh completions if the compspec generates no matches. - ddeeffaauulltt Use readline's default filename completion if + ddeeffaauulltt Use readline's default filename completion if the compspec generates no matches. ddiirrnnaammeess - Perform directory name completion if the comp- + Perform directory name completion if the comp- spec generates no matches. ffiilleennaammeess - Tell readline that the compspec generates file- - names, so it can perform any filename-specific - processing (like adding a slash to directory - names, quoting special characters, or suppress- - ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with + Tell readline that the compspec generates file- + names, so it can perform any filename-specific + processing (like adding a slash to directory + names, quoting special characters, or suppress- + ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with shell functions. - nnoossppaaccee Tell readline not to append a space (the - default) to words completed at the end of the + nnoossppaaccee Tell readline not to append a space (the + default) to words completed at the end of the line. pplluussddiirrss - After any matches defined by the compspec are - generated, directory name completion is - attempted and any matches are added to the + After any matches defined by the compspec are + generated, directory name completion is + attempted and any matches are added to the results of the other actions. --AA _a_c_t_i_o_n - The _a_c_t_i_o_n may be one of the following to generate a + The _a_c_t_i_o_n may be one of the following to generate a list of possible completions: aalliiaass Alias names. May also be specified as --aa. aarrrraayyvvaarr Array variable names. bbiinnddiinngg RReeaaddlliinnee key binding names. - bbuuiillttiinn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be + bbuuiillttiinn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be specified as --bb. ccoommmmaanndd Command names. May also be specified as --cc. ddiirreeccttoorryy @@ -255,7 +258,7 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS ddiissaabblleedd Names of disabled shell builtins. eennaabblleedd Names of enabled shell builtins. - eexxppoorrtt Names of exported shell variables. May also be + eexxppoorrtt Names of exported shell variables. May also be specified as --ee. ffiillee File names. May also be specified as --ff. ffuunnccttiioonn @@ -264,17 +267,17 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS hheellppttooppiicc Help topics as accepted by the hheellpp builtin. hhoossttnnaammee - Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by + Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by the HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE shell variable. - jjoobb Job names, if job control is active. May also + jjoobb Job names, if job control is active. May also be specified as --jj. - kkeeyywwoorrdd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as + kkeeyywwoorrdd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as --kk. rruunnnniinngg Names of running jobs, if job control is active. sseerrvviiccee Service names. May also be specified as --ss. - sseettoopptt Valid arguments for the --oo option to the sseett + sseettoopptt Valid arguments for the --oo option to the sseett builtin. - sshhoopptt Shell option names as accepted by the sshhoopptt + sshhoopptt Shell option names as accepted by the sshhoopptt builtin. ssiiggnnaall Signal names. ssttooppppeedd Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active. @@ -282,15 +285,6 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS vvaarriiaabbllee Names of all shell variables. May also be spec- ified as --vv. - --GG _g_l_o_b_p_a_t - The pathname expansion pattern _g_l_o_b_p_a_t is expanded to - generate the possible completions. - --WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t - The _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t is split using the characters in the IIFFSS - special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word - is expanded. The possible completions are the members - of the resultant list which match the word being com- - pleted. --CC _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed in a subshell environment, and its output is used as the possible completions. @@ -299,69 +293,81 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS shell environment. When it finishes, the possible com- pletions are retrieved from the value of the CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY array variable. - --XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t - _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is a pattern as used for pathname expansion. - It is applied to the list of possible completions gener- - ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each - completion matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed from the list. - A leading !! in _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t negates the pattern; in this - case, any completion not matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed. + --GG _g_l_o_b_p_a_t + The pathname expansion pattern _g_l_o_b_p_a_t is expanded to + generate the possible completions. --PP _p_r_e_f_i_x - _p_r_e_f_i_x is added at the beginning of each possible com- + _p_r_e_f_i_x is added at the beginning of each possible com- pletion after all other options have been applied. --SS _s_u_f_f_i_x _s_u_f_f_i_x is appended to each possible completion after all other options have been applied. - - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, - an option other than --pp or --rr is supplied without a _n_a_m_e argu- - ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification + --WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t + The _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t is split using the characters in the IIFFSS + special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word + is expanded. The possible completions are the members + of the resultant list which match the word being com- + pleted. + --XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t + _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is a pattern as used for pathname expansion. + It is applied to the list of possible completions gener- + ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each + completion matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed from the list. + A leading !! in _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t negates the pattern; in this + case, any completion not matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed. + + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + an option other than --pp or --rr is supplied without a _n_a_m_e argu- + ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification for a _n_a_m_e for which no specification exists, or an error occurs adding a completion specification. ccoommppoopptt [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEE] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e] Modify completion options for each _n_a_m_e according to the - _o_p_t_i_o_ns, or for the currently-execution completion if no _n_a_m_es - are supplied. If no _o_p_t_i_o_ns are given, display the completion - options for each _n_a_m_e or the current completion. The possible - values of _o_p_t_i_o_n are those valid for the ccoommpplleettee builtin - described above. The --DD option indicates that the remaining + _o_p_t_i_o_ns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _n_a_m_es + are supplied. If no _o_p_t_i_o_ns are given, display the completion + options for each _n_a_m_e or the current completion. The possible + values of _o_p_t_i_o_n are those valid for the ccoommpplleettee builtin + described above. The --DD option indicates that the remaining options should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that - is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion - has previously been defined. The --EE option indicates that the - remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion; + is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion + has previously been defined. The --EE option indicates that the + remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an - attempt is made to modify the options for a _n_a_m_e for which no comple- - tion specification exists, or an output error occurs. + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + an attempt is made to modify the options for a _n_a_m_e for which no + completion specification exists, or an output error occurs. ccoonnttiinnuuee [_n] Resume the next iteration of the enclosing ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or - sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing - loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the number of - enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' + sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing + loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the number of + enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or equal to 1. - ddeeccllaarree [--aaAAffFFiillrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] - ttyyppeesseett [--aaAAffFFiillrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] - Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are - given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will + ddeeccllaarree [--aaAAffFFggiillrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] + ttyyppeesseett [--aaAAffFFggiillrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] + Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are + given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will display the attributes and values of each _n_a_m_e. When --pp is used with _n_a_m_e arguments, additional options are ignored. When --pp is - supplied without _n_a_m_e arguments, it will display the attributes - and values of all variables having the attributes specified by - the additional options. If no other options are supplied with - --pp, ddeeccllaarree will display the attributes and values of all shell - variables. The --ff option will restrict the display to shell + supplied without _n_a_m_e arguments, it will display the attributes + and values of all variables having the attributes specified by + the additional options. If no other options are supplied with + --pp, ddeeccllaarree will display the attributes and values of all shell + variables. The --ff option will restrict the display to shell functions. The --FF option inhibits the display of function defi- - nitions; only the function name and attributes are printed. If - the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled using sshhoopptt, the source + nitions; only the function name and attributes are printed. If + the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled using sshhoopptt, the source file name and line number where the function is defined are dis- - played as well. The --FF option implies --ff. The following - options can be used to restrict output to variables with the - specified attribute or to give variables attributes: + played as well. The --FF option implies --ff. The --gg option forces + variables to be created or modified at the global scope, even + when ddeeccllaarree is executed in a shell function. It is ignored in + all other cases. The following options can be used to restrict + output to variables with the specified attribute or to give + variables attributes: --aa Each _n_a_m_e is an indexed array variable (see AArrrraayyss above). --AA Each _n_a_m_e is an associative array variable (see AArrrraayyss @@ -388,20 +394,20 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with the exceptions that ++aa may not be used to destroy an array vari- able and ++rr will not remove the readonly attribute. When used - in a function, makes each _n_a_m_e local, as with the llooccaall command. - If a variable name is followed by =_v_a_l_u_e, the value of the vari- - able is set to _v_a_l_u_e. The return value is 0 unless an invalid - option is encountered, an attempt is made to define a function - using ``-f foo=bar'', an attempt is made to assign a value to a - readonly variable, an attempt is made to assign a value to an - array variable without using the compound assignment syntax (see - AArrrraayyss above), one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable - name, an attempt is made to turn off readonly status for a read- - only variable, an attempt is made to turn off array status for - an array variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-exis- - tent function with --ff. - - ddiirrss [[++_n]] [[--_n]] [[--ccppllvv]] + in a function, makes each _n_a_m_e local, as with the llooccaall command, + unless the --ggPP ooppttiioonn iiss ssuupppplliieedd,, IIff aa vvaarriiaabbllee nnaammee iiss ffooll-- + lloowweedd bbyy ==_v_a_l_u_e,, tthhee vvaalluuee ooff tthhee vvaarriiaabbllee iiss sseett ttoo _v_a_l_u_e.. TThhee + rreettuurrnn vvaalluuee iiss 00 uunnlleessss aann iinnvvaalliidd ooppttiioonn iiss eennccoouunntteerreedd,, aann + aatttteemmpptt iiss mmaaddee ttoo ddeeffiinnee aa ffuunnccttiioonn uussiinngg ````--ff ffoooo==bbaarr'''',, aann + aatttteemmpptt iiss mmaaddee ttoo aassssiiggnn aa vvaalluuee ttoo aa rreeaaddoonnllyy vvaarriiaabbllee,, aann + aatttteemmpptt iiss mmaaddee ttoo aassssiiggnn aa vvaalluuee ttoo aann aarrrraayy vvaarriiaabbllee wwiitthhoouutt + uussiinngg tthhee ccoommppoouunndd aassssiiggnnmmeenntt ssyynnttaaxx ((sseeee AArrrraayyss above), one of + the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, an attempt is made + to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable, an attempt + is made to turn off array status for an array variable, or an + attempt is made to display a non-existent function with --ff. + + ddiirrss [[++_n]] [[--_n]] [[--ccllppvv]] Without options, displays the list of currently remembered directories. The default display is on a single line with directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to @@ -451,7 +457,8 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS \\aa alert (bell) \\bb backspace \\cc suppress further output - \\ee an escape character + \\ee + \\EE an escape character \\ff form feed \\nn new line \\rr carriage return @@ -462,6 +469,11 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS _n_n_n (zero to three octal digits) \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H (one or two hex digits) + \\uu_H_H_H_H the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H (one to four hex digits) + \\UU_H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H + the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H (one to eight hex digits) eennaabbllee [--aa] [--ddnnppss] [--ff _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [_n_a_m_e ...] Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin @@ -589,7 +601,7 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS When the end of options is encountered, ggeettooppttss exits with a return value greater than zero. OOPPTTIINNDD is set to the index of - the first non-option argument, and nnaammee is set to ?. + the first non-option argument, and _n_a_m_e is set to ?. ggeettooppttss normally parses the positional parameters, but if more arguments are given in _a_r_g_s, ggeettooppttss parses those instead. @@ -617,25 +629,26 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS an error occurs. hhaasshh [--llrr] [--pp _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [--ddtt] [_n_a_m_e] - For each _n_a_m_e, the full file name of the command is determined - by searching the directories in $$PPAATTHH and remembered. If the --pp - option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is - used as the full file name of the command. The --rr option causes - the shell to forget all remembered locations. The --dd option - causes the shell to forget the remembered location of each _n_a_m_e. - If the --tt option is supplied, the full pathname to which each - _n_a_m_e corresponds is printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e arguments are - supplied with --tt, the _n_a_m_e is printed before the hashed full - pathname. The --ll option causes output to be displayed in a for- - mat that may be reused as input. If no arguments are given, or - if only --ll is supplied, information about remembered commands is - printed. The return status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is not found - or an invalid option is supplied. + Each time hhaasshh is invoked, the full pathname of the command _n_a_m_e + is determined by searching the directories in $$PPAATTHH and remem- + bered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the + --pp option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e + is used as the full file name of the command. The --rr option + causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The --dd + option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of + each _n_a_m_e. If the --tt option is supplied, the full pathname to + which each _n_a_m_e corresponds is printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e argu- + ments are supplied with --tt, the _n_a_m_e is printed before the + hashed full pathname. The --ll option causes output to be dis- + played in a format that may be reused as input. If no arguments + are given, or if only --ll is supplied, information about remem- + bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a + _n_a_m_e is not found or an invalid option is supplied. hheellpp [--ddmmss] [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] - Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n - is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching - _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control + Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n + is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching + _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control structures is printed. --dd Display a short description of each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n --mm Display the description of each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n in a manpage-like @@ -651,44 +664,44 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS hhiissttoorryy --ss _a_r_g [_a_r_g _._._.] With no options, display the command history list with line num- bers. Lines listed with a ** have been modified. An argument of - _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE-- - FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for - _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis- - played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between - the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is - supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, - the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. Options, if supplied, have the + _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE-- + FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for + _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis- + played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between + the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is + supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, + the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --cc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries. --dd _o_f_f_s_e_t Delete the history entry at position _o_f_f_s_e_t. - --aa Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered - since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session) to the + --aa Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered + since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session) to the history file. - --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history - file into the current history list. These are lines - appended to the history file since the beginning of the + --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history + file into the current history list. These are lines + appended to the history file since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session. --rr Read the contents of the history file and use them as the current history. - --ww Write the current history to the history file, overwrit- + --ww Write the current history to the history file, overwrit- ing the history file's contents. - --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and - display the result on the standard output. Does not - store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be + --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and + display the result on the standard output. Does not + store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be quoted to disable normal history expansion. - --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry. - The last command in the history list is removed before + --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry. + The last command in the history list is removed before the _a_r_g_s are added. - If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, the time stamp informa- - tion associated with each history entry is written to the his- - tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the - history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment - character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as + If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, the time stamp informa- + tion associated with each history entry is written to the his- + tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the + history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment + character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the previous history line. The return value is 0 - unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while - reading or writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t is sup- + unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while + reading or writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t is sup- plied as an argument to --dd, or the history expansion supplied as an argument to --pp fails. @@ -697,127 +710,141 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol- lowing meanings: --ll List process IDs in addition to the normal information. - --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group - leader. --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed status since the user was last notified of their status. + --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group + leader. --rr Restrict output to running jobs. --ss Restrict output to stopped jobs. - If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about - that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is + If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about + that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered or an invalid _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied. If the --xx option is supplied, jjoobbss replaces any _j_o_b_s_p_e_c found in - _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or _a_r_g_s with the corresponding process group ID, and + _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or _a_r_g_s with the corresponding process group ID, and executes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d passing it _a_r_g_s, returning its exit status. kkiillll [--ss _s_i_g_s_p_e_c | --nn _s_i_g_n_u_m | --_s_i_g_s_p_e_c] [_p_i_d | _j_o_b_s_p_e_c] ... kkiillll --ll [_s_i_g_s_p_e_c | _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s] - Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes - named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive - signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or - a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not - present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the - signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given, - the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are + Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes + named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive + signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or + a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not + present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the + signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given, + the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are listed, and the return status is 0. The _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s argument to - --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit - status of a process terminated by a signal. kkiillll returns true - if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an + --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit + status of a process terminated by a signal. kkiillll returns true + if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid option is encountered. lleett _a_r_g [_a_r_g ...] Each _a_r_g is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see AARRIITTHH-- - MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett + MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise. llooccaall [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] - For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and - assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted + For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and + assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted by ddeeccllaarree. When llooccaall is used within a function, it causes the - variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- + variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- tion and its children. With no operands, llooccaall writes a list of - local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use + local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use llooccaall when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless - llooccaall is used outside a function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, + llooccaall is used outside a function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, or _n_a_m_e is a readonly variable. llooggoouutt Exit a login shell. - mmaappffiillee [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] + mmaappffiillee [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y] - rreeaaddaarrrraayy [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] + rreeaaddaarrrraayy [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y] - Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari- - able _a_r_r_a_y, or from file descriptor _f_d if the --uu option is sup- - plied. The variable MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if + Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari- + able _a_r_r_a_y, or from file descriptor _f_d if the --uu option is sup- + plied. The variable MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: - --nn Copy at most _c_o_u_n_t lines. If _c_o_u_n_t is 0, all lines are + --nn Copy at most _c_o_u_n_t lines. If _c_o_u_n_t is 0, all lines are copied. - --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default + --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default index is 0. --ss Discard the first _c_o_u_n_t lines read. --tt Remove a trailing newline from each line read. - --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan- + --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan- dard input. - --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The + --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The --cc option specifies _q_u_a_n_t_u_m. - --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to + --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k. - If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000. + If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000. When _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next - array element to be assigned as an additional argument. _c_a_l_l_- - _b_a_c_k is evaluated after the line is read but before the array - element is assigned. + array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that + element as additional arguments. _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated after + the line is read but before the array element is assigned. - If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear + If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear _a_r_r_a_y before assigning to it. - mmaappffiillee returns successfully unless an invalid option or option - argument is supplied, _a_r_r_a_y is invalid or unassignable, or if + mmaappffiillee returns successfully unless an invalid option or option + argument is supplied, _a_r_r_a_y is invalid or unassignable, or if _a_r_r_a_y is not an indexed array. ppooppdd [-nn] [+_n] [-_n] - Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, - removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a ccdd to + Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, + removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a ccdd to the new top directory. Arguments, if supplied, have the follow- ing meanings: - --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing - directories from the stack, so that only the stack is + --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing + directories from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. - ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd + ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd +1'' the second. --_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the right of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd - -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd + -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to last. - If the ppooppdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well, - and the return status is 0. ppooppdd returns false if an invalid + If the ppooppdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well, + and the return status is 0. ppooppdd returns false if an invalid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty, a non-exis- tent directory stack entry is specified, or the directory change fails. pprriinnttff [--vv _v_a_r] _f_o_r_m_a_t [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the - control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which - contains three types of objects: plain characters, which are - simply copied to standard output, character escape sequences, - which are converted and copied to the standard output, and for- - mat specifications, each of which causes printing of the next - successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In addition to the standard _p_r_i_n_t_f(1) for- - mats, %%bb causes pprriinnttff to expand backslash escape sequences in - the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t (except that \\cc terminates output, - backslashes in \\'', \\"", and \\?? are not removed, and octal escapes - beginning with \\00 may contain up to four digits), and %%qq causes - pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a format that can - be reused as shell input. - - The --vv option causes the output to be assigned to the variable - _v_a_r rather than being printed to the standard output. + Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the + control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The --vv option causes the output to be + assigned to the variable _v_a_r rather than being printed to the + standard output. + + The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which contains three types of + objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard + output, character escape sequences, which are converted and + copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each + of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In + addition to the standard _p_r_i_n_t_f(1) format specifications, pprriinnttff + interprets the following extensions: + %%bb causes pprriinnttff to expand backslash escape sequences in the + corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t (except that \\cc terminates output, + backslashes in \\'', \\"", and \\?? are not removed, and octal + escapes beginning with \\00 may contain up to four digits). + %%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a + format that can be reused as shell input. + %%((_d_a_t_e_f_m_t))TT + causes pprriinnttff to output the date-time string resulting + from using _d_a_t_e_f_m_t as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3). + The corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t is an integer representing the + number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument + values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and + -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. + + Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con- + stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and + if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value + is the ASCII value of the following character. The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_- _m_e_n_t_s. If the _f_o_r_m_a_t requires more _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s than are supplied, @@ -956,8 +983,8 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS status is false. Any command associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed before execution resumes after the function or script. - sseett [----aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_a_r_g ...] - sseett [++aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_a_r_g ...] + sseett [----aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [_a_r_g ...] + sseett [++aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [_a_r_g ...] Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables can- @@ -1200,17 +1227,29 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS easy re-editing of multi-line commands. ccoommppaatt3311 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 3.1 - with respect to quoted arguments to the conditional com- - mand's =~ operator. + with respect to quoted arguments to the [[[[ conditional + command's ==~~ operator. ccoommppaatt3322 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 with respect to locale-specific string comparison when - using the conditional command's < and > operators. + using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators. + Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and + _s_t_r_c_m_p(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale's + collation sequence and _s_t_r_c_o_l_l(3). ccoommppaatt4400 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 - with respect to locale-specific string comparison when - using the conditional command's < and > operators and - the effect of interrupting a command list. + with respect to locale-specific string comparison when + using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators + (see previous item) and the effect of interrupting a + command list. + ccoommppaatt4411 + @item compat41 If set, bbaasshh, when in posix mode, treats + a single quote in a double-quoted parameter expansion as + a special character. The single quotes must match (an + even number) and the characters between the single + quotes are considered quoted. This is the behavior of + posix mode through version 4.1. The default bash behav- + ior remains as in previous versions. ddiirrssppeellll If set, bbaasshh attempts spelling correction on directory names during word completion if the directory name ini- @@ -1247,7 +1286,7 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS (( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps. 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( - _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the EERRRROORR trap. + _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the EERRRR trap. eexxttgglloobb If set, the extended pattern matching features described above under PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn are enabled. eexxttqquuoottee @@ -1298,6 +1337,10 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This option is enabled by default. + llaassttppiippee + If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs + the last command of a pipeline not executed in the back- + ground in the current shell environment. lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible. @@ -1369,10 +1412,11 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation - depends on the number of arguments; see below. + depends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece- + dence is used when there are five or more arguments. !! _e_x_p_r True if _e_x_p_r is false. (( _e_x_p_r )) - Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override + Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators. _e_x_p_r_1 -aa _e_x_p_r_2 True if both _e_x_p_r_1 and _e_x_p_r_2 are true. @@ -1389,13 +1433,14 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS null. 2 arguments If the first argument is !!, the expression is true if and - only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- - ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed - above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is + only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- + ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed + above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is false. 3 arguments + The following conditions are applied in the order listed. If the second argument is one of the binary conditional operators listed above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the result of the expression is the result of the binary test @@ -1417,31 +1462,34 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the rules listed above. - ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and + When used with tteesstt or [[, the << and >> operators sort lexico- + graphically using ASCII ordering. + + ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0. ttrraapp [--llpp] [[_a_r_g] _s_i_g_s_p_e_c ...] - The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell - receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent (and there is a - single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its - original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the - shell). If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each - _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. - If _a_r_g is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap - commands associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c are displayed. If no - arguments are supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the - list of commands associated with each signal. The --ll option - causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor- - responding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name - defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are - case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. - - If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit - from the shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is exe- - cuted before every _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command, - _s_e_l_e_c_t command, every arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the - first command executes in a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR - above). Refer to the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the + The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell + receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent (and there is a + single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its + original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the + shell). If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each + _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. + If _a_r_g is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap + commands associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c are displayed. If no + arguments are supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the + list of commands associated with each signal. The --ll option + causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor- + responding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name + defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are + case insensitive and the SSIIGG prefix is optional. + + If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit + from the shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is exe- + cuted before every _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command, + _s_e_l_e_c_t command, every arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the + first command executes in a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR + above). Refer to the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin for details of its effect on the DDEEBBUUGG trap. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is RREETTUURRNN, the command _a_r_g is executed each time a shell function or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins fin- @@ -1449,53 +1497,53 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, the command _a_r_g is executed whenever a sim- ple command has a non-zero exit status, subject to the following - conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the failed command - is part of the command list immediately following a wwhhiillee or - uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement, part of a - command executed in a &&&& or |||| list, or if the command's return - value is being inverted via !!. These are the same conditions + conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the failed command + is part of the command list immediately following a wwhhiillee or + uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement, part of a + command executed in a &&&& or |||| list, or if the command's return + value is being inverted via !!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the eerrrreexxiitt option. - Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or - reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to + Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or + reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell or subshell environment when - one is created. The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is + one is created. The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is invalid; otherwise ttrraapp returns true. ttyyppee [--aaffttppPP] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e ...] - With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if + With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if used as a command name. If the --tt option is used, ttyyppee prints a - string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or - _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, - builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found, - then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is - returned. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the + string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or + _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, + builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found, + then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is + returned. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the name of the disk file that would be executed if _n_a_m_e were speci- fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not - return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, + return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, even if ``type -t name'' would not return _f_i_l_e. If a command is - hashed, --pp and --PP print the hashed value, not necessarily the + hashed, --pp and --PP print the hashed value, not necessarily the file that appears first in PPAATTHH. If the --aa option is used, ttyyppee - prints all of the places that contain an executable named _n_a_m_e. - This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the --pp - option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not - consulted when using --aa. The --ff option suppresses shell func- - tion lookup, as with the ccoommmmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true if + prints all of the places that contain an executable named _n_a_m_e. + This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the --pp + option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not + consulted when using --aa. The --ff option suppresses shell func- + tion lookup, as with the ccoommmmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true if all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found. uulliimmiitt [--HHSSTTaabbccddeeffiillmmnnppqqrrssttuuvvxx [_l_i_m_i_t]] - Provides control over the resources available to the shell and - to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. + Provides control over the resources available to the shell and + to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. The --HH and --SS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set - for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a - non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up - to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci- + for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a + non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up + to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci- fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _l_i_m_i_t can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of the special values hhaarrdd, ssoofftt, or uunnlliimmiitteedd, which stand for the - current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, - respectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the - soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is + current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, + respectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the + soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and unit are printed before the value. Other options are inter- preted as follows: @@ -1504,11 +1552,11 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --cc The maximum size of core files created --dd The maximum size of a process's data segment --ee The maximum scheduling priority ("nice") - --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its + --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its children --ii The maximum number of pending signals --ll The maximum size that may be locked into memory - --mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor + --mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor this limit) --nn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems do not allow this value to be set) @@ -1517,58 +1565,58 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --rr The maximum real-time scheduling priority --ss The maximum stack size --tt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds - --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single + --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single user - --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the - shell + --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the + shell and, on some systems, to its children --xx The maximum number of file locks --TT The maximum number of threads If _l_i_m_i_t is given, it is the new value of the specified resource (the --aa option is display only). If no option is given, then --ff - is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for --tt, - which is in seconds, --pp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks, - and --TT, --bb, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled values. The return + is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for --tt, + which is in seconds, --pp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks, + and --TT, --bb, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled values. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting a new limit. uummaasskk [--pp] [--SS] [_m_o_d_e] The user file-creation mask is set to _m_o_d_e. If _m_o_d_e begins with - a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is - interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by - _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is - printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym- - bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp + a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is + interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by + _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is + printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym- + bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp option is supplied, and _m_o_d_e is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode - was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, + was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, and false otherwise. uunnaalliiaass [-aa] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is - supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value + Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is + supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value is true unless a supplied _n_a_m_e is not a defined alias. uunnsseett [-ffvv] [_n_a_m_e ...] - For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function. + For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function. If no options are supplied, or the --vv option is given, each _n_a_m_e - refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be - unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func- - tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari- - able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub- - sequent commands. If any of CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, RRAANNDDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, - LLIINNEENNOO, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, or DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK are unset, they - lose their special properties, even if they are subsequently + refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be + unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func- + tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari- + able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub- + sequent commands. If any of CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, RRAANNDDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, + LLIINNEENNOO, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, or DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK are unset, they + lose their special properties, even if they are subsequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is readonly. wwaaiitt [_n _._._.] - Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta- - tus. Each _n may be a process ID or a job specification; if a - job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are - waited for. If _n is not given, all currently active child pro- - cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _n - specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is - 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the + Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta- + tus. Each _n may be a process ID or a job specification; if a + job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are + waited for. If _n is not given, all currently active child pro- + cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _n + specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is + 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the last process or job waited for. SSEEEE AALLSSOO diff --git a/doc/builtins.ps b/doc/builtins.ps index 539dfb0..6dde00b 100644 --- a/doc/builtins.ps +++ b/doc/builtins.ps @@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.19.2 -%%CreationDate: Wed Dec 30 13:07:37 2009 +%%CreationDate: Tue Dec 28 14:30:24 2010 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Symbol %%+ font Courier %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.19 2 -%%Pages: 21 +%%Pages: 22 %%PageOrder: Ascend %%DocumentMedia: Default 595 842 0 () () %%Orientation: Portrait @@ -443,9 +443,9 @@ E F1(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E 2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254 (ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .254(cuted with the).15 F F2(.)2.753 E F0(or)2.753 E F2(sour)144 535.2 Q -(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.062 G 3.062(iltins. W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F1 -.2 -(ex)3.062 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F2(caller)3.062 E F0 .562 -(displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)3.062 F +(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.824 G 2.824(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F1 -.2 +(ex)2.824 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F2(caller)2.824 E F0 .324 +(displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)2.824 F .254(subroutine call.)144 547.2 R .254(If a non-ne)5.254 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .554 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 F F1 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F2(caller)2.753 E F0 .253 @@ -459,11 +459,11 @@ ent e)144 559.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.328(cution call stack.).15 F .001 (cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F1 -.2(ex)3.02 G(pr).2 E F0 .52 (does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 595.2 Q (alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F2(cd)108 612 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -(\255L|-P)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .21 -(Change the current directory to)144 624 R F1(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21(.T)C -.21(he v)-5.21 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(HOME)2.71 E F0 .21(is the def)2.46 F -(ault)-.1 E F1(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21(.T).73 G .21(he v)-5.21 F(ariable)-.25 -E F3(CDP)2.71 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .776 +<ad4c>A F0(|[)A F2<ad50>A F0([)2.5 E F2<ad65>A F0(]]] [)A F1(dir)A F0(]) +A .21(Change the current directory to)144 624 R F1(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21 +(.T)C .21(he v)-5.21 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(HOME)2.71 E F0 .21(is the def) +2.46 F(ault)-.1 E F1(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21(.T).73 G .21(he v)-5.21 F +(ariable)-.25 E F3(CDP)2.71 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .776 (de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)144 636 R F1 (dir)3.276 E F0 5.777(.A).73 G(lternati)-5.777 E 1.077 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .777(irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)3.277 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 @@ -477,2175 +477,2246 @@ F0 .764(is the same as the current direc-)3.014 F(tory)144 660 Q 2.973 (option says to use)2.974 F .58(the ph)144 672 R .58 (ysical directory structure instead of follo)-.05 F .579 (wing symbolic links \(see also the)-.25 F F2<ad50>3.079 E F0 .579 -(option to the)3.079 F F2(set)144 684 Q F0 -.2(bu)3.383 G .883 -(iltin command\); the).2 F F2<ad4c>3.383 E F0 .884 -(option forces symbolic links to be follo)3.384 F 3.384(wed. An)-.25 F -(ar)3.384 E .884(gument of)-.18 F F2<ad>3.384 E F0(is)3.384 E(equi)144 -696 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .316(lent to).25 F F3($OLDPWD)2.816 E F4(.)A F0 -.316(If a non-empty directory name from)4.816 F F3(CDP)2.815 E -.855(AT) --.666 G(H).855 E F0 .315(is used, or if)2.565 F F2<ad>2.815 E F0 .315 -(is the \214rst)2.815 F(ar)144 708 Q .116(gument, and the directory cha\ -nge is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)-.18 F 2.616(ww)-.25 -G .116(orking direc-)-2.716 F 1.165 -(tory is written to the standard output.)144 720 R 1.164(The return v) -6.164 F 1.164(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 F 1.164 -(as successfully)-.1 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(2) -203.725 E 0 Cg EP +(option to the)3.079 F F2(set)144 684 Q F0 -.2(bu)2.716 G .216 +(iltin command\); the).2 F F2<ad4c>2.716 E F0 .216 +(option forces symbolic links to be follo)2.716 F 2.717(wed. If)-.25 F +(the)2.717 E F2<ad65>2.717 E F0 .217(option is sup-)2.717 F 1.087 +(plied with)144 696 R F2<ad50>3.587 E F0 3.587(,a)C 1.087 +(nd the current w)-3.587 F 1.086 +(orking directory cannot be successfully determined after a suc-)-.1 F +.44(cessful directory change,)144 708 R F2(cd)2.94 E F0 .44 +(will return an unsuccessful status.)2.94 F .44(An ar)5.44 F .44 +(gument of)-.18 F F2<ad>2.94 E F0 .44(is equi)2.94 F -.25(va)-.25 G .44 +(lent to).25 F F3($OLDPWD)144 720 Q F4(.)A F0 1.045 +(If a non-empty directory name from)5.545 F F3(CDP)3.545 E -.855(AT) +-.666 G(H).855 E F0 1.044(is used, or if)3.295 F F2<ad>3.544 E F0 1.044 +(is the \214rst ar)3.544 F(gument,)-.18 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q +(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(2)203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 3 3 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 -(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(changed; f) -144 84 Q(alse otherwise.)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(command)108 100.8 Q -F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pVv)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F0 -([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 112.8 Q F2(command)2.956 -E F0(with)3.527 E F2(ar)3.087 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .257 +(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .021(and th\ +e directory change is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 84 +R 2.522(ww)-.25 G .022(orking directory is writ-)-2.622 F .165 +(ten to the standard output.)144 96 R .165(The return v)5.165 F .165 +(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 F .165(as successfully changed; f) +-.1 F(alse)-.1 E(otherwise.)144 108 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(command)108 +124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pVv)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command) +2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 136.8 Q F2 +(command)2.956 E F0(with)3.527 E F2(ar)3.087 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .257 (suppressing the normal shell function lookup. 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.25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 +F1<ad56>144 196.8 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 (erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F1<ad56>2.749 E F0(or) 2.749 E F1<ad76>2.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 -(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 184.8 R F2(command)3.704 E F0 -.1 +(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 208.8 R F2(command)3.704 E F0 -.1 (wa)4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 (If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F2 -(command)144.2 196.8 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 +(command)144.2 220.8 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 (xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 -(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 208.8 S +(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 232.8 S (iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F1 -(compgen)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C 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Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va) +F(grammable completion f)144 297.6 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va) -.2 G(ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.) --.25 E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 297.6 R .352 +-.25 E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 321.6 R .352 (ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 -309.6 R(If)5.02 E F2(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) -2.52 F(those completions matching)144 321.6 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 345.6 Q +333.6 R(If)5.02 E F2(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) +2.52 F(those completions matching)144 345.6 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 369.6 Q (alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G (lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F1 -(complete)108 362.4 Q F0([)3.729 E F1(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.729(][)C +(complete)108 386.4 Q F0([)3.729 E F1(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.729(][)C F1<ad6f>-3.729 E F2(comp-option)3.729 E F0 3.729(][)C F1(\255DE)-3.729 E F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad41>-3.728 E F2(action)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad47> -3.728 E F2(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad57>-3.728 E F2(wor)3.728 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad46>-3.728 E F2(func-)3.728 E(tion)108 -374.4 Q F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 386.4 Q +398.4 Q F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 410.4 Q F1<ad58>A F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad50>-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E (e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F2(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(]) A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name ...)A F0(])A F1(complete \255pr)108 -398.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.634(Specify ho)144 410.4 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634 +422.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E +.634(Specify ho)144 434.4 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634 (uments to each).18 F F2(name)3.134 E F0 .634(should be completed.)3.134 F .633(If the)5.634 F F1<ad70>3.133 E F0 .633 (option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139(options are supplied, e)144 -422.4 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 +446.4 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F .14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.) -144 434.4 R(The)5.31 E F1<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve) +144 458.4 R(The)5.31 E F1<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve) -.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F2 (name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F2(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.346 -(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 446.4 R(The)6.347 E +(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 470.4 R(The)6.347 E F1<ad44>3.847 E F0 1.347(option indicates that the remaining options) -3.847 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 458.4 R(`def)-.74 E +3.847 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 482.4 R(`def)-.74 E (ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 -470.4 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 +494.4 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 (viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F1<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955 (option indicates that)3.455 F .065 -(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 482.4 R +(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 506.4 R (`empty')-.74 E 2.564('c)-.74 G .064 (ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.564 F -(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 494.4 Q 1.437 +(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 518.4 Q 1.437 (The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 -518.4 R 1.438(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 -530.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E +542.4 R 1.438(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 +554.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E (ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .556 -(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 554.4 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 +(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 578.4 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 (he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555 (guments to the)-.18 F F1<ad47>3.055 E F0(,)A F1<ad57>3.055 E F0 3.055 (,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F1<ad58>3.055 E F0 .722(options \(and, if necessary) -144 566.4 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F1<ad50>3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E +144 590.4 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F1<ad50>3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E F1<ad53>3.222 E F0 .723 (options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion before the)144 578.4 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1<ad6f>144 590.4 Q -F2(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 602.4 Q F2(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291 +(sion before the)144 602.4 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1<ad6f>144 614.4 Q +F2(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 626.4 Q F2(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291 (controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') .15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 -(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 614.4 Q F2 -(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 626.4 Q F0 -.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 638.4 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E +(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 638.4 Q F2 +(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 650.4 Q F0 +.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 662.4 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 -650.4 Q F1(default)184 662.4 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')10 F 5.376(sd)-.55 +674.4 Q F1(default)184 686.4 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')10 F 5.376(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.376 E 2.875 (ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) -224 674.4 Q F1(dir)184 686.4 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name c\ -ompletion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 698.4 Q -(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(3)203.725 E 0 Cg EP +224 698.4 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(3)203.725 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 4 4 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(\214lenames)184 84 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 96 S .137(ll readli\ -ne that the compspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F -2.637<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.637 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik) -224 108 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(dir)184 84 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name co\ +mpletion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 96 Q F1(\214lenames) +184 108 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 120 S .137(ll readline that the compspec genera\ +tes \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.637 +E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 132 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 (dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45 -(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 120 R .45 -(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 132 Q F1(nospace) -184 144 Q F0 -.7(Te)6.11 G .22 +(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 144 R .45 +(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 156 Q F1(nospace) +184 168 Q F0 -.7(Te)6.11 G .22 (ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1 F -.22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 156 Q F1(plusdirs) -184 168 Q F0 1.985(After an)5.54 F 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 +.22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 180 Q F1(plusdirs) +184 192 Q F0 1.985(After an)5.54 F 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 (atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F -.584(completion is attempted and an)224 180 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 -(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 192 -Q F1<ad41>144 204 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 216 +.584(completion is attempted and an)224 204 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 +(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 216 +Q F1<ad41>144 228 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 240 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E (wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 -228 Q F0(Alias names.)20.55 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 240 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 252 Q -(ariable names.)-.25 E F1 4.7(binding Readline)184 264 R F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G -2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 276 S(iltin).2 E F0 +252 Q F0(Alias names.)20.55 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 264 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 276 Q +(ariable names.)-.25 E F1 4.7(binding Readline)184 288 R F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G +2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 300 S(iltin).2 E F0 (Names of shell b)11.85 E(uiltin commands.)-.2 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 288 -Q F0(Command names.)224 300 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 312 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 324 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 336 -Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 348 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 -360 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)6.66 E(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 -372 Q F0(Names of e)12.23 E(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 312 +Q F0(Command names.)224 324 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 336 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 348 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 360 +Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 372 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 +384 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)6.66 E(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 +396 Q F0(Names of e)12.23 E(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) -.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 -384 Q F0(File names.)27.22 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(function)184 396 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 408 Q F1 -(gr)184 420 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)14.62 E +408 Q F0(File names.)27.22 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(function)184 420 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 432 Q F1 +(gr)184 444 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)14.62 E (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad67>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184 -432 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 444 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 456 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 468 +456 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 468 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 480 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 492 Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 480 Q F0 +(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 504 Q F0 (Job names, if job control is acti)26.11 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G -(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 492 S -(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 504 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) +(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 516 S +(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 528 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) -.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184 -516 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)5.54 E -.15(ve) --.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 528 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)10.67 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 540 Q +540 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)5.54 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 552 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)10.67 E +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 564 Q F0 -1.11(Va)14.45 G(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 -(shopt)184 552 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)16.66 E F1 -(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 564 Q F0 -(Signal names.)14.99 E F1(stopped)184 576 Q F0 +(shopt)184 576 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)16.66 E F1 +(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 588 Q F0 +(Signal names.)14.99 E F1(stopped)184 600 Q F0 (Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)6.66 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(.) -.15 E F1(user)184 588 Q F0(User names.)21.67 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 600 S +.15 E F1(user)184 612 Q F0(User names.)21.67 E +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 624 S (riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)5.1 E 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F -(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad47>144 612 Q F2 -(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007(The pathname e)184 624 R 1.007(xpansion pattern) --.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.008 -(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 636 Q F1 -<ad57>144 648 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 660 Q F2(wor)3.64 E -(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F3 -(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and) --.25 F 2.007(each resultant w)184 672 R 2.007(ord is e)-.1 F 4.507 -(xpanded. The)-.15 F 2.008(possible completions are the members of the) -4.507 F(resultant list which match the w)184 684 Q(ord being completed.) --.1 E F1<ad43>144 696 Q F2(command)2.5 E(command)184 708 Q F0 1.056 -(is e)3.556 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 +(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 636 Q F2 +(command)2.5 E(command)184 648 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 (vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) -184 720 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(4)203.725 E 0 Cg -EP +184 660 Q F1<ad46>144 672 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 1.181 +(The shell function)184 684 R F2(function)3.681 E F0 1.181(is e)3.681 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.181(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 3.68 +(vironment. When)-.4 F 1.18(it \214n-)3.68 F .932 +(ishes, the possible completions are retrie)184 696 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.432(df).15 G .932(rom the v)-3.432 F .932(alue of the)-.25 F F3 +(COMPREPL)3.432 E(Y)-.828 E F0(array)3.182 E -.25(va)184 708 S(riable.) +.25 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(4)203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 5 5 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad46>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(function)2.5 E F0 -1.18(The shell function)184 96 R F2(function)3.68 E F0 1.181(is e)3.681 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.181(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 3.681 -(vironment. When)-.4 F 1.181(it \214n-)3.681 F .932 -(ishes, the possible completions are retrie)184 108 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.432(df).15 G .932(rom the v)-3.432 F .932(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)3.431 E(Y)-.828 E F0(array)3.181 E -.25(va)184 -120 S(riable.).25 E F1<ad58>144 132 Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat) -184 144 Q F0 .455(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.955 F 2.956 -(xpansion. It)-.15 F .456(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F -1.596(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 156 R -1.596(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 168 Q F2 -(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 -G .704(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!) -3.204 E F0(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 -G .705(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 180 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G -(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E F1<ad50>144 192 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) -184 204 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 +/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad47>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(globpat)2.5 E F0 +1.008(The pathname e)184 96 R 1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat) +3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.007 +(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 108 Q F1 +<ad50>144 120 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 132 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 +.534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534 (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F --.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 216 Q F1<ad53>144 228 Q F2(suf)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 144 Q F1<ad53>144 156 Q F2(suf)2.5 E 2.81(\214x suf)-.18 F<8c78>-.18 E F0 (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 -E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E .466(The return v)144 244.8 R -.466(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 +E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 168 Q F2(wor)2.5 E +(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 180 Q F2(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 +(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS) +3.64 E F0 1.139(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F +2.007(each resultant w)184 192 R 2.007(ord is e)-.1 F 4.507 +(xpanded. The)-.15 F 2.008(possible completions are the members of the) +4.507 F(resultant list which match the w)184 204 Q(ord being completed.) +-.1 E F1<ad58>144 216 Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 228 Q F0 +.456(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 +F .455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 +(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 240 R 1.596 +(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 252 Q F2(\214lterpat) +3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704 +(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 +(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704 +(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 264 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G +(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 280.8 R .466 +(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 (lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.967 E F0 (or)2.967 E F1<ad72>2.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362 -(plied without a)144 256.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 +(plied without a)144 292.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 (gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H -1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 268.8 Q F0 +1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 304.8 Q F0 (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E -F1(compopt)108 285.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1(compopt)108 321.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 297.6 R +(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 333.6 R F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 -.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution).15 E .726 -(completion if no)144 309.6 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 +.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726 +(completion if no)144 345.6 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 (re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725 -(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 321.6 Q F2(name) +(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 357.6 Q F2(name) 3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v) 5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 -F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 333.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) +F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 369.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) 2.798 G .298(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he) -5.297 E F1<ad44>2.797 E F0 .297 (option indicates that the remaining options should apply to)2.797 F -1.227(the `)144 345.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ +1.227(the `)144 381.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ -no)-3.727 F 2.178(completion has pre)144 357.6 R 2.178 +no)-3.727 F 2.178(completion has pre)144 393.6 R 2.178 (viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.178 E F1<ad45>4.678 E F0 2.177 (option indicates that the remaining options)4.677 F(should apply to `) -144 369.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G +144 405.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)-2.5 -E .327(The return v)108 386.4 R .327(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F --.25(va)-.4 G .327 -(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the options for a) -.25 F F2(name)108 398.4 Q F0(for which no completion speci\214cation e) -2.5 E(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 415.2 Q -F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 427.2 R 1.754 +E 1.387(The return v)144 429.6 R 1.387(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.388 +(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F +(options for a)144 441.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E +(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 458.4 Q F0([) +2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 470.4 R 1.754 (xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1 (select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.613 E F0 1.753 -(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 439.2 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 +(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 482.4 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F4 10 /Symbol SF<b3>3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 (is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .514 -(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 451.2 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 +(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 494.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513 (The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.013 E F0(is) -3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 463.2 Q F1(declar)108 480 Q -(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 +3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 506.4 Q F1(declar)108 523.2 +Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1 -(typeset)108 492 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70> --2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..]) --2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 504 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.564 --.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E -F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.765 -(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F -.25 -(va)144 516 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983 +(typeset)108 535.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 547.2 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F +1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no) +3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F +-.25(va)144 559.2 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983 (option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982 (alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F1 -<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 528 Q F2(name)3.579 E F0 -(ar)3.579 E 1.079(guments, additional options are ignored.)-.18 F(When) -6.079 E F1<ad70>3.579 E F0 1.079(is supplied without)3.579 F F2(name) -3.58 E F0(ar)3.58 E(gu-)-.18 E .151(ments, it will display the attrib) -144 540 R .151(utes and v)-.2 F .151(alues of all v)-.25 F .15 -(ariables ha)-.25 F .15(ving the attrib)-.2 F .15 -(utes speci\214ed by the)-.2 F .046(additional options.)144 552 R .046 -(If no other options are supplied with)5.046 F F1<ad70>2.547 E F0(,)A F1 -(declar)2.547 E(e)-.18 E F0 .047(will display the attrib)2.547 F .047 -(utes and)-.2 F -.25(va)144 564 S 1.363(lues of all shell v).25 F 3.863 -(ariables. The)-.25 F F1<ad66>3.863 E F0 1.362 -(option will restrict the display to shell functions.)3.863 F(The)6.362 -E F1<ad46>3.862 E F0 2.422(option inhibits the display of function de\ -\214nitions; only the function name and attrib)144 576 R 2.423(utes are) --.2 F 2.664(printed. If)144 588 R(the)2.664 E F1(extdeb)2.664 E(ug)-.2 E -F0 .164(shell option is enabled using)2.664 F F1(shopt)2.664 E F0 2.664 -(,t)C .163(he source \214le name and line number)-2.664 F 1.382 -(where the function is de\214ned are displayed as well.)144 600 R(The) -6.382 E F1<ad46>3.882 E F0 1.382(option implies)3.882 F F1<ad66>3.882 E -F0 6.382(.T)C 1.382(he follo)-6.382 F(wing)-.25 E .794 -(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 612 R .794 -(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .793(ute or to gi)-.2 F -1.093 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 624 Q(utes:)-.2 E F1 -<ad61>144 636 Q F0(Each)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 -E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad41>144 648 Q F0(Each)23.08 -E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray v).15 -E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) -.15 E F1<ad66>144 660 Q F0(Use function names only)26.97 E(.)-.65 E F1 -<ad69>144 672 Q F0 .557(The v)27.52 F .558 -(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F F3 .558(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU) --1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 684 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i) -.15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v)-2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v) --.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 696 Q F0 .91(When the v)27.52 F .909 -(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909 -(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer) --.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 708 R(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E -(ute is disabled.)-.2 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(5) -203.725 E 0 Cg EP +<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 571.2 Q F2(name)3.579 E +F0(ar)3.579 E 1.079(guments, additional options are ignored.)-.18 F +(When)6.079 E F1<ad70>3.579 E F0 1.079(is supplied without)3.579 F F2 +(name)3.58 E F0(ar)3.58 E(gu-)-.18 E .151 +(ments, it will display the attrib)144 583.2 R .151(utes and v)-.2 F +.151(alues of all v)-.25 F .15(ariables ha)-.25 F .15(ving the attrib) +-.2 F .15(utes speci\214ed by the)-.2 F .046(additional options.)144 +595.2 R .046(If no other options are supplied with)5.046 F F1<ad70>2.547 +E F0(,)A F1(declar)2.547 E(e)-.18 E F0 .047(will display the attrib) +2.547 F .047(utes and)-.2 F -.25(va)144 607.2 S 1.363 +(lues of all shell v).25 F 3.863(ariables. The)-.25 F F1<ad66>3.863 E F0 +1.362(option will restrict the display to shell functions.)3.863 F(The) +6.362 E F1<ad46>3.862 E F0 2.422(option inhibits the display of functio\ +n de\214nitions; only the function name and attrib)144 619.2 R 2.423 +(utes are)-.2 F 2.664(printed. If)144 631.2 R(the)2.664 E F1(extdeb) +2.664 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .164(shell option is enabled using)2.664 F F1(shopt) +2.664 E F0 2.664(,t)C .163(he source \214le name and line number)-2.664 +F 1.288(where the function is de\214ned are displayed as well.)144 643.2 +R(The)6.288 E F1<ad46>3.788 E F0 1.288(option implies)3.788 F F1<ad66> +3.788 E F0 6.288(.T)C(he)-6.288 E F1<ad67>3.789 E F0(option)3.789 E .491 +(forces v)144 655.2 R .491 +(ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.99(nw).15 G(hen)-2.99 E F1(declar)2.99 E(e)-.18 E F0 .49 +(is e)2.99 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .49(cuted in a).15 F .124(shell function.) +144 667.2 R .124(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.124 F .125 +(The follo)5.125 F .125(wing options can be used to restrict output)-.25 +F(to v)144 679.2 Q(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 E +(ute or to gi)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2 +E F1<ad61>144 691.2 Q F0(Each)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1 +(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad41>144 703.2 Q +F0(Each)23.08 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 +H(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad66>144 715.2 Q F0(Use function names only) +26.97 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(5)203.725 E +0 Cg EP %%Page: 6 6 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad72>144 84 Q F0(Mak)25.86 E(e)-.1 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)5.046 E F0 5.046(sr)C(eadonly)-5.046 E 7.546(.T) --.65 G 2.546(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.546 F 2.547 -(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 96 Q F1 -<ad74>144 108 Q F0(Gi)26.97 E .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name) -2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E 2.929 +/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad69>144 84 Q F0 .558(The v)27.52 F .558 +(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .557 +(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 96 Q F0(abo)2.25 +E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v)-2.5 E +(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 108 Q F0 .909 +(When the v)27.52 F .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 +(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 +G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 120 R(upper) +2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad72>144 132 Q F0 +(Mak)25.86 E(e)-.1 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)5.047 E F0 5.047(sr)C +(eadonly)-5.047 E 7.547(.T)-.65 G 2.546 +(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.547 F 2.546 +(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 144 Q F1 +<ad74>144 156 Q F0(Gi)26.97 E .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F3(name) +2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F3(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E 2.929 (ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929 E(UG) --.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F1(RETURN)2.929 E F0(traps from the calling shell.) -180 120 Q(The trace attrib)5 E(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E -(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 132 Q F0 .909(When the v)24.74 F .909 +-.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F1(RETURN)2.93 E F0(traps from the calling shell.) +180 168 Q(The trace attrib)5 E(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E +(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 180 Q F0 .91(When the v)24.74 F .909 (ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909 -(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-) --.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 144 R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E -(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad78>144 156 Q F0(Mark)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E +(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F +(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 192 R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E +(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad78>144 204 Q F0(Mark)25.3 E F3(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E -(vironment.)-.4 E .121(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 172.8 R -2.621(ft)-.25 G .121(he attrib)-2.621 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 -F .12(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.62 E F0 .12(may not be used)2.62 F -.644(to destro)144 184.8 R 3.144(ya)-.1 G 3.144(na)-3.144 G .644(rray v) --3.144 F .644(ariable and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.145 E F0 .645(will not remo) -3.145 F .945 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .645(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.145 -(ute. When)-.2 F .645(used in a func-)3.145 F 1.945(tion, mak)144 196.8 -R 1.945(es each)-.1 F F2(name)4.445 E F0 1.945(local, as with the)4.445 -F F1(local)4.444 E F0 4.444(command. If)4.444 F 4.444(av)4.444 G 1.944 -(ariable name is follo)-4.694 F 1.944(wed by)-.25 F(=)144 208.8 Q F2 -(value)A F0 3.238(,t)C .738(he v)-3.238 F .738(alue of the v)-.25 F .738 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)3.238 E F0 5.738(.T)C .738 -(he return v)-5.738 F .739(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G -.739(lid option is).25 F .603 -(encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using)144 220.8 -R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .603(\255f foo=bar)3.103 F F0 3.103(,a)C 3.103(na) --3.103 G .603(ttempt is made to)-3.103 F 1.242(assign a v)144 232.8 R -1.242(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F 1.242 -(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F 1.243 -(alue to an array v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E 1.386 -(without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 244.8 R F1 -(Arrays)3.886 E F0(abo)3.886 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.386(\), one of the).15 F -F2(names)3.886 E F0 1.386(is not a)3.886 F -.25(va)144 256.8 S .171 -(lid shell v).25 F .171(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 -F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .172 -(ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 268.8 R 3.46(fa) --.25 G .96(rray status for an array v)-3.46 F .96 -(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 280.8 Q -(xistent function with)-.15 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(dirs [+)108 297.6 -Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C(\255cplv])-2.5 E F0 --.4(Wi)144 309.6 S .328 +(vironment.)-.4 E .12(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 220.8 R +2.62(ft)-.25 G .12(he attrib)-2.62 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F +.121(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.621 E F0 .121(may not be used)2.621 F +.645(to destro)144 232.8 R 3.145(ya)-.1 G 3.145(na)-3.145 G .645(rray v) +-3.145 F .645(ariable and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.145 E F0 .645(will not remo) +3.145 F .945 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .645(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.144 +(ute. When)-.2 F .644(used in a func-)3.144 F .53(tion, mak)144 244.8 R +.53(es each)-.1 F F3(name)3.03 E F0 .53(local, as with the)3.03 F F1 +(local)3.031 E F0 .531(command, unless the)3.031 F F1 .531 +(\255gP option is supplied, If a)3.031 F -.1(va)144 256.8 S 1.558 +(riable name is f).1 F(ollo)-.25 E 1.558(wed by =)-.1 F F3(value)A F1 +4.058(,t)C 1.558(he v)-4.058 F 1.557(alue of the v)-.1 F 1.557 +(ariable is set to)-.1 F F3(value)4.057 E F1 6.557(.T)C 1.557(he r) +-6.557 F(etur)-.18 E(n)-.15 E -.1(va)144 268.8 S 1.168 +(lue is 0 unless an in).1 F -.1(va)-.4 G 1.168(lid option is encounter) +.1 F 1.168(ed, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function)-.18 F(using) +144 280.8 Q/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .312(\255f foo=bar)2.812 F F1 2.812(,a)C +2.812(na)-2.812 G .312(ttempt is made to assign a v)-2.812 F .312 +(alue to a r)-.1 F .312(eadonly v)-.18 F .311(ariable, an attempt)-.1 F +.615(is made to assign a v)144 292.8 R .615(alue to an array v)-.1 F +.616(ariable without using the compound assignment syn-)-.1 F .26 +(tax \(see Arrays)144 304.8 R F0(abo)2.76 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 +(\), one of the).15 F F3(names)2.76 E F0 .259(is not a v)2.76 F .259 +(alid shell v)-.25 F .259(ariable name, an attempt is made to)-.25 F +.703(turn of)144 316.8 R 3.203(fr)-.25 G .704 +(eadonly status for a readonly v)-3.203 F .704 +(ariable, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 3.204(fa)-.25 G .704 +(rray status for an)-3.204 F(array v)144 328.8 Q +(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a non-e)-.25 E +(xistent function with)-.15 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(dirs [+)108 345.6 +Q F3(n)A F1 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F3(n)A F1 2.5(][)C(\255clpv])-2.5 E F0 +-.4(Wi)144 357.6 S .329 (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) -.4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 -(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 321.6 R 1.238 -(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 333.6 Q +.4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 +(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 369.6 R 1.238 +(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 381.6 Q F0(command; the)2.5 E F1(popd)2.5 E F0(command remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.5(se).15 G(ntries from the list.)-2.5 E F1(+)144 345.6 Q F2(n)A F0 -1.564(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)4.064 E F0 1.565 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F1 -(dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 357.6 Q F1<ad>144 369.6 Q F2 -(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 +2.5(se).15 G(ntries from the list.)-2.5 E F1(+)144 393.6 Q F3(n)A F0 +1.565(Displays the)25.3 F F3(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F1 +(dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 405.6 Q F1<ad>144 417.6 Q F3 +(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)25.3 F F3(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 381.6 Q F1<ad63>144 393.6 Q F0 +(without options, starting with zero.)180 429.6 Q F1<ad63>144 441.6 Q F0 (Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)25.86 E F1 -<ad6c>144 405.6 Q F0 .324(Produces a longer listing; the def)27.52 F +<ad6c>144 453.6 Q F0 .324(Produces a longer listing; the def)27.52 F .324(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote the home direc-)-.1 F -(tory)180 417.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad70>144 429.6 Q F0 +(tory)180 465.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad70>144 477.6 Q F0 (Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)24.74 E F1<ad76>144 -441.6 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre\ -\214xing each entry with its inde)25.3 F 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772(nt)-2.772 -G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 453.6 Q .257(The return v)144 470.4 R .258 +489.6 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre\ +\214xing each entry with its inde)25.3 F 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773(nt)-2.773 +G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 501.6 Q .258(The return v)144 518.4 R .258 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 -(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) +(lid option is supplied or).25 F F3(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) -.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) -.15 F(tory stack.)144 482.4 Q F1(diso)108 499.2 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 511.2 S .295(thout options, each).4 F F2(jobspec) +.15 F(tory stack.)144 530.4 Q F1(diso)108 547.2 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 559.2 S .295(thout options, each).4 F F3(jobspec) 4.535 E F0 .295(is remo)3.105 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.795(df).15 G .295 (rom the table of acti)-2.795 F .595 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.795(obs. If).15 -F F2(jobspec)4.535 E F0 .295(is not present,)3.105 F .422(and neither) -144 523.2 R F1<ad61>2.922 E F0(nor)2.922 E F1<ad72>2.922 E F0 .422 -(is supplied, the shell')2.922 F 2.922(sn)-.55 G .422(otion of the) --2.922 F F2(curr)2.923 E .423(ent job)-.37 F F0 .423(is used.)2.923 F -.423(If the)5.423 F F1<ad68>2.923 E F0 .423(option is)2.923 F(gi)144 -535.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .141(n, each).15 F F2(jobspec)4.381 E F0 .141 -(is not remo)2.951 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.641(df).15 G .141 -(rom the table, b)-2.641 F .141(ut is mark)-.2 F .141(ed so that)-.1 F -/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)2.641 E F0 .14(is not sent to the)2.39 F -.004(job if the shell recei)144 547.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.504(sa).15 G F4 -(SIGHUP)A/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .004(If no)4.504 F F2(jobspec) -4.244 E F0 .004(is present, and neither the)2.814 F F1<ad61>2.504 E F0 -.005(nor the)2.504 F F1<ad72>2.505 E F0 .005(option is)2.505 F 1.229 -(supplied, the)144 559.2 R F2(curr)3.729 E 1.229(ent job)-.37 F F0 1.229 -(is used.)3.729 F 1.229(If no)6.229 F F2(jobspec)5.469 E F0 1.229 -(is supplied, the)4.039 F F1<ad61>3.729 E F0 1.228(option means to remo) -3.729 F 1.528 -.15(ve o)-.15 H(r).15 E .656(mark all jobs; the)144 571.2 -R F1<ad72>3.156 E F0 .657(option without a)3.156 F F2(jobspec)4.897 E F0 -(ar)3.467 E .657(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F(The) -5.657 E(return v)144 583.2 Q(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E -F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E F1(echo)108 600 Q -F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.395(Output the)144 612 R F2(ar)2.895 E(g)-.37 E F0 .395 +F F3(jobspec)4.535 E F0 .295(is not present,)3.105 F .423(and neither) +144 571.2 R F1<ad61>2.923 E F0(nor)2.923 E F1<ad72>2.923 E F0 .423 +(is supplied, the shell')2.923 F 2.923(sn)-.55 G .423(otion of the) +-2.923 F F3(curr)2.922 E .422(ent job)-.37 F F0 .422(is used.)2.922 F +.422(If the)5.422 F F1<ad68>2.922 E F0 .422(option is)2.922 F(gi)144 +583.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .14(n, each).15 F F3(jobspec)4.38 E F0 .14 +(is not remo)2.95 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.641(df).15 G .141(rom the table, b) +-2.641 F .141(ut is mark)-.2 F .141(ed so that)-.1 F F2(SIGHUP)2.641 E +F0 .141(is not sent to the)2.391 F .005(job if the shell recei)144 595.2 +R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.504(sa).15 G F2(SIGHUP)A/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 +.004(If no)4.504 F F3(jobspec)4.244 E F0 .004 +(is present, and neither the)2.814 F F1<ad61>2.504 E F0 .004(nor the) +2.504 F F1<ad72>2.504 E F0 .004(option is)2.504 F 1.228(supplied, the) +144 607.2 R F3(curr)3.728 E 1.228(ent job)-.37 F F0 1.229(is used.)3.729 +F 1.229(If no)6.229 F F3(jobspec)5.469 E F0 1.229(is supplied, the)4.039 +F F1<ad61>3.729 E F0 1.229(option means to remo)3.729 F 1.529 -.15(ve o) +-.15 H(r).15 E .657(mark all jobs; the)144 619.2 R F1<ad72>3.157 E F0 +.657(option without a)3.157 F F3(jobspec)4.897 E F0(ar)3.467 E .656 +(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F(The)5.656 E +(return v)144 631.2 Q(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 E F3(jobspec)4.24 E F0 +(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E F1(echo)108 648 Q +F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F3(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E +.394(Output the)144 660 R F3(ar)2.894 E(g)-.37 E F0 .394 (s, separated by spaces, follo)B .395(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.895 -(wline. The)-.25 F .394(return status is al)2.895 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .394 -(ys 0.).1 F(If)5.394 E F1<ad6e>2.894 E F0 .548 -(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)144 624 R .548(wline is suppressed.) +(wline. The)-.25 F .395(return status is al)2.895 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .395 +(ys 0.).1 F(If)5.395 E F1<ad6e>2.895 E F0 .549 +(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)144 672 R .548(wline is suppressed.) -.25 F .548(If the)5.548 F F1<ad65>3.048 E F0 .548(option is gi)3.048 F --.15(ve)-.25 G .548(n, interpretation of the fol-).15 F(lo)144 636 Q -.053(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)5.053 E F1 -<ad45>2.553 E F0 .052(option disables the interpretation of these)2.552 -F 1.502(escape characters, e)144 648 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.002(no).15 G -4.002(ns)-4.002 G 1.502(ystems where the)-4.002 F 4.002(ya)-.15 G 1.502 -(re interpreted by def)-4.002 F 4.003(ault. The)-.1 F F1(xpg_echo)4.003 -E F0(shell)4.003 E .009 -(option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)144 660 R F1 -(echo)2.509 E F0 -.15(ex)2.509 G .009(pands these escape characters).15 -F .659(by def)144 672 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.659 E F0 .659 -(does not interpret)3.159 F F1<adad>3.159 E F0 .659 -(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.66 E F0 .66 -(interprets the follo)3.16 F(wing)-.25 E(escape sequences:)144 684 Q F1 -(\\a)144 696 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1(\\b)144 708 Q F0(backspace) -27.66 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(6)203.725 E 0 Cg EP +-.15(ve)-.25 G .548(n, interpretation of the fol-).15 F(lo)144 684 Q +.052(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)5.052 E F1 +<ad45>2.552 E F0 .053(option disables the interpretation of these)2.553 +F 1.503(escape characters, e)144 696 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.003(no).15 G +4.003(ns)-4.003 G 1.502(ystems where the)-4.003 F 4.002(ya)-.15 G 1.502 +(re interpreted by def)-4.002 F 4.002(ault. The)-.1 F F1(xpg_echo)4.002 +E F0(shell)4.002 E .009 +(option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)144 708 R F1 +(echo)2.509 E F0 -.15(ex)2.51 G .01(pands these escape characters).15 F +.66(by def)144 720 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.66 E F0 .66 +(does not interpret)3.16 F F1<adad>3.16 E F0 .659 +(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.659 E F0 .659 +(interprets the follo)3.159 F(wing)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q +(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(6)203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 7 7 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 -(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\c)144 84 Q F0(suppress further output)28.78 E F1(\\e) -144 96 Q F0(an escape character)28.78 E F1(\\f)144 108 Q F0(form feed) -29.89 E F1(\\n)144 120 Q F0(ne)27.66 E 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r) -144 132 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\t)144 144 Q F0(horizontal tab) -29.89 E F1(\\v)144 156 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 -168 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1(\\0)144 180 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn) -A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.22 E(alue is the octal v)-.25 E +(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E +(escape sequences:)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\a)144 96 Q F0 +(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1(\\b)144 108 Q F0(backspace)27.66 E F1(\\c)144 +120 Q F0(suppress further output)28.78 E F1(\\e)144 132 Q(\\E)144 144 Q +F0(an escape character)26.55 E F1(\\f)144 156 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F1 +(\\n)144 168 Q F0(ne)27.66 E 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 180 Q +F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\t)144 192 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1 +(\\v)144 204 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 216 Q F0 +(backslash)30.44 E F1(\\0)144 228 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 +(the eight-bit character whose v)13.22 E(alue is the octal v)-.25 E (alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1 -(\\x)144 192 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E +(\\x)144 240 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E (alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 (\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1 -(enable)108 208.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 -E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 220.8 R .278 -(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 -(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833 -(the same name as a shell b)144 232.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 +(\\u)144 252 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.506 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 264 R 1.507 +(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) +4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 276 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 288 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 300 R .547 +(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) +3.047 E(HHH)180 312 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) +-2.5 E F1(enable)108 328.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 340.8 R +.278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 +(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834 +(the same name as a shell b)144 352.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99 -(the shell normally searches for b)144 244.8 R .989 -(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 .989 -(is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F 1.581 -(abled; otherwise,)144 256.8 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) +(ve)-.25 G 3.333(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989 +(the shell normally searches for b)144 364.8 R .989 +(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 .99 +(is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F 1.582 +(abled; otherwise,)144 376.8 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) 4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.666(PA)4.082 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .081(instead of the shell b)144 268.8 -R .081(uiltin v)-.2 F .081(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .081 -(enable -n test)2.581 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F1<ad66>2.58 E F0 .08 -(option means to load the ne)2.58 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 280.8 S 1.524 -(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.384 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F +SF -.666(PA)4.081 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .08(instead of the shell b)144 388.8 R +.08(uiltin v)-.2 F .08(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .081 +(enable -n test)2.58 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F1<ad66>2.581 E F0 .081 +(option means to load the ne)2.581 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 400.8 S 1.525 +(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.385 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524 -(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 292.8 Q F1<ad64> -2.867 E F0 .367(option will delete a b)2.867 F .367(uiltin pre)-.2 F -.367(viously loaded with)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.866 E F0 5.366(.I)C 2.866(fn) --5.366 G(o)-2.866 E F2(name)2.866 E F0(ar)2.866 E .366(guments are gi) --.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 304.8 R F1<ad70> -2.898 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 +(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 412.8 Q F1<ad64> +2.866 E F0 .366(option will delete a b)2.866 F .366(uiltin pre)-.2 F +.366(viously loaded with)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.867 E F0 5.367(.I)C 2.867(fn) +-5.367 G(o)-2.867 E F2(name)2.867 E F0(ar)2.867 E .367(guments are gi) +-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .367(n, or).15 F .399(if the)144 424.8 R F1<ad70> +2.899 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 (uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 -F .399(guments, the)-.18 F .099(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 -316.8 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098 -(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .098(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F -(If)5.098 E F1<ad61>2.598 E F0 1.916 -(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 328.8 R 1.916 -(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.879 -(enabled. If)144 340.8 R F1<ad73>2.879 E F0 .379 -(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.879 F F2(special) -2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.878 G 2.878(iltins. The).2 F .378(return v)2.878 F -(alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 352.8 R F2(name)3.854 E F0 .994 -(is not a shell b)3.674 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) --.2 F 3.495(wb)-.25 G .995(uiltin from a shared)-3.695 F(object.)144 -364.8 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 381.6 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 -E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 393.6 Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C -.671(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F -.67(This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 405.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 -G .495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 +F .398(guments, the)-.18 F .098(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 +436.8 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098 +(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .099(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F +(If)5.099 E F1<ad61>2.599 E F0 1.917 +(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 448.8 R 1.916 +(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.878 +(enabled. If)144 460.8 R F1<ad73>2.878 E F0 .379 +(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.878 F F2(special) +2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.879 G 2.879(iltins. The).2 F .379(return v)2.879 F +(alue)-.25 E .995(is 0 unless a)144 472.8 R F2(name)3.855 E F0 .994 +(is not a shell b)3.675 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) +-.2 F 3.494(wb)-.25 G .994(uiltin from a shared)-3.694 F(object.)144 +484.8 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 501.6 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 +E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 513.6 Q F2(ar)3.17 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 +(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671 +(This command is then read)5.671 F .495(and e)144 525.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 (xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 (ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) --2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 417.6 Q +-2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 537.6 Q (guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 -(exec)108 434.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2 +(exec)108 554.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2 (name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) --.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 446.4 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 -(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 -(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E -(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 458.4 R .176 +-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 566.4 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 +(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 +(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E +(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 578.4 R .177 (guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G (he)-2.676 E F1<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176 -(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177 -(ginning of)-.15 F .5(the zeroth ar)144 470.4 R .5(gument passed to)-.18 -F F2(command)3 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2(lo)2.999 -E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.499 E F1<ad63>2.999 E F0 -.499(option causes)2.999 F F2(com-)3.199 E(mand)144 482.4 Q F0 .638 -(to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 +(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176 +(ginning of)-.15 F .499(the zeroth ar)144 590.4 R .499(gument passed to) +-.18 F F2(command)2.999 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2 +(lo)2.999 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.5 E F1<ad63>3 E F0 +.5(option causes)3 F F2(com-)3.2 E(mand)144 602.4 Q F0 .639(to be e) +3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 (vironment. If)-.4 F F1<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638 -(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the) -3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 494.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 +(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the) +3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 614.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) -.15 F(non-interacti)144 506.4 Q .617 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .317(hell e).15 F -.317(xits, unless the shell option)-.15 F F1(execfail)2.817 E F0 .318 +.15 F(non-interacti)144 626.4 Q .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318(hell e).15 F +.318(xits, unless the shell option)-.15 F F1(execfail)2.817 E F0 .317 (is enabled, in which case it returns f)2.817 F(ail-)-.1 E 2.505 -(ure. An)144 518.4 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .005 +(ure. An)144 638.4 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .005 (hell returns f).15 F .005(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 2.505(cuted. If).15 F F2(command)2.705 E F0 .005 -(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 530.4 Q 3.036(yr)-.15 G .536 -(edirections tak)-3.036 F 3.036(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.036 G .536 +(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 650.4 Q 3.037(yr)-.15 G .537 +(edirections tak)-3.037 F 3.036(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.036 G .536 (ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 F .536 -(If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 542.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G -(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 559.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -6.29(]C)C .096(ause the shell to e)-6.29 F .096(xit with a status of) --.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095 -(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command) --.15 F -.15(exe)144 571.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5 +(If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 662.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G +(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 679.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +6.29(]C)C .095(ause the shell to e)-6.29 F .095(xit with a status of) +-.15 F F2(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .096 +(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command) +-.15 F -.15(exe)144 691.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E -F1(export)108 588 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 -E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 600 Q F0 -.256(The supplied)144 612 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F -.257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257 -(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627 -(commands. If)144 624 R(the)2.627 E F1<ad66>2.627 E F0 .127 -(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.987 E -F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E -F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70> -144 636 Q F0 .659(option is supplied, a list of all names that are e) -3.159 F .66(xported in this shell is printed.)-.15 F(The)5.66 E F1<ad6e> -3.16 E F0(option)3.16 E 1.587(causes the e)144 648 R 1.587 -(xport property to be remo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.086(df).15 G 1.586 -(rom each)-4.086 F F2(name)4.086 E F0 6.586(.I)C 4.086(fav)-6.586 G -1.586(ariable name is follo)-4.336 F 1.586(wed by)-.25 F(=)144 660 Q F2 -(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.803(,t)C .303(he v)-2.803 F .303(alue of the v)-.25 -F .304(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)2.804 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 -(export)5.304 E F0 .304(returns an e)2.804 F .304 -(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .294 -(option is encountered, one of the)144 672 R F2(names)2.793 E F0 .293 -(is not a v)2.793 F .293(alid shell v)-.25 F .293(ariable name, or)-.25 -F F1<ad66>2.793 E F0 .293(is supplied with a)2.793 F F2(name)144.36 684 -Q F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1(fc)108 700.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -<ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -<8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A(GNU Bash-4.0)72 -768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(7)203.725 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(7)203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 8 8 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(fc \255s)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .477 -(Fix Command.)144 96 R .478 -(In the \214rst form, a range of commands from)5.477 F F2<8c72>4.888 E -(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.658 E F2(last)3.068 E F0 .478 -(is selected from the his-)3.658 F .882(tory list.)144 108 R F2 -.45(Fi) -5.882 G -.1(rs).45 G(t).1 E F0(and)4.062 E F2(last)3.472 E F0 .882 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(export)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 +(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 96 Q F0 .257(The supplied)144 108 R F2 +(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F +.257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626(commands. If)144 120 R(the)2.626 E F1<ad66> +2.626 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2 +(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2 +(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, or if the) +.15 F F1<ad70>144 132 Q F0 .66 +(option is supplied, a list of all names that are e)3.16 F .659 +(xported in this shell is printed.)-.15 F(The)5.659 E F1<ad6e>3.159 E F0 +(option)3.159 E 1.586(causes the e)144 144 R 1.586 +(xport property to be remo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.086(df).15 G 1.586 +(rom each)-4.086 F F2(name)4.086 E F0 6.586(.I)C 4.086(fav)-6.586 G +1.587(ariable name is follo)-4.336 F 1.587(wed by)-.25 F(=)144 156 Q F2 +(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.804(,t)C .304(he v)-2.804 F .304(alue of the v)-.25 +F .304(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)2.804 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 +(export)5.304 E F0 .304(returns an e)2.804 F .303 +(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .293 +(option is encountered, one of the)144 168 R F2(names)2.793 E F0 .293 +(is not a v)2.793 F .293(alid shell v)-.25 F .293(ariable name, or)-.25 +F F1<ad66>2.793 E F0 .294(is supplied with a)2.793 F F2(name)144.36 180 +Q F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1(fc)108 196.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +<ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +<8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 +208.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .478(Fix Command.)144 220.8 R .478 +(In the \214rst form, a range of commands from)5.478 F F2<8c72>4.888 E +(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.658 E F2(last)3.068 E F0 .477 +(is selected from the his-)3.658 F .881(tory list.)144 232.8 R F2 -.45 +(Fi)5.881 G -.1(rs).45 G(t).1 E F0(and)4.061 E F2(last)3.471 E F0 .882 (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command be)4.062 F -.881(ginning with)-.15 F .797(that string\) or as a number \(an inde)144 -120 R 3.297(xi)-.15 G .797(nto the history list, where a ne)-3.297 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.097 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .797(umber is used as an) -.15 F(of)144 132 Q .277(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F -(If)5.277 E F2(last)2.867 E F0 .276 -(is not speci\214ed it is set to the current command)3.457 F .092 -(for listing \(so that)144 144 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .092 +.882(ginning with)-.15 F .797(that string\) or as a number \(an inde)144 +244.8 R 3.297(xi)-.15 G .797(nto the history list, where a ne)-3.297 F +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.097 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .796(umber is used as an) +.15 F(of)144 256.8 Q .276(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F +(If)5.276 E F2(last)2.866 E F0 .277 +(is not speci\214ed it is set to the current command)3.456 F .093 +(for listing \(so that)144 268.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .092 (fc \255l \25510)2.592 F F0 .092(prints the last 10 commands\) and to) 2.592 F F2<8c72>4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.592(otherwise. If)3.272 F F2<8c72> -4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 .093(is not)3.273 F -(speci\214ed it is set to the pre)144 156 Q -(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 180 Q -F1<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022 +4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 .092(is not)3.272 F +(speci\214ed it is set to the pre)144 280.8 Q +(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 304.8 +Q F1<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022 (option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E F1<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 -(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 192 R .438(If the)5.438 -F F1<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 +(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 316.8 R .438(If the) +5.438 F F1<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E -.335(the editor gi)144 204 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E F2 -(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do) -.1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F -(If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 216 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 -.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F -.631(alue of)-.25 F F4(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F4(FCEDIT) -3.131 E F0 .631(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F 1.884(ther v) -144 228 R 1.884(ariable is set, is used.)-.25 F 1.884 +.334(the editor gi)144 328.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E +F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 +(do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 +F(If)5.335 E F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 340.8 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631 +(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25 F F4(EDIT)3.131 E(OR) +-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F4(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63(is not set.)2.88 F .63 +(If nei-)5.63 F 1.884(ther v)144 352.8 R 1.884(ariable is set, is used.) +-.25 F 1.884 (When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)6.884 F --.15(exe)144 240 S(cuted.).15 E .039(In the second form,)144 264 R F2 -(command)2.539 E F0 .039(is re-e)2.539 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .039 -(cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)2.54 E F0 .04(is replaced by) -2.54 F F2 -.37(re)2.54 G(p).37 E F0 5.04(.A)C(useful)-2.5 E .406 -(alias to use with this is)144 276 R F3 .406(r='fc \255s')2.906 F F0 -2.906(,s)C 2.906(ot)-2.906 G .406(hat typing)-2.906 F F3 6.406(rc)2.906 -G(c)-6.406 E F0 .406(runs the last command be)2.906 F .406(ginning with) --.15 F F3(cc)144 288 Q F0(and typing)2.5 E F3(r)2.5 E F0(re-e)2.5 E -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cutes the last command.).15 E .142 -(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 312 R .142 +-.15(exe)144 364.8 S(cuted.).15 E .04(In the second form,)144 388.8 R F2 +(command)2.54 E F0 .04(is re-e)2.54 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .039 +(cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)2.539 E F0 .039 +(is replaced by)2.539 F F2 -.37(re)2.539 G(p).37 E F0 5.039(.A)C(useful) +-2.5 E .406(alias to use with this is)144 400.8 R F3 .406(r='fc \255s') +2.906 F F0 2.906(,s)C 2.906(ot)-2.906 G .406(hat typing)-2.906 F F3 +6.406(rc)2.906 G(c)-6.406 E F0 .406(runs the last command be)2.906 F +.407(ginning with)-.15 F F3(cc)144 412.8 Q F0(and typing)2.5 E F3(r)2.5 +E F0(re-e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes the last command.).15 E .142 +(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 436.8 R .142 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 (lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 -E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 324 R -.454(If the)5.454 F F1<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454 -(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454 -(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 336 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787 -(cuted or f).15 F .788 +E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 448.8 +R .454(If the)5.454 F F1<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454 +(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455 +(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 460.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 +(cuted or f).15 F .787 (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F -.788(If the)5.788 F 1.136 +.787(If the)5.787 F 1.135 (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 -348 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135 -(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 360 Q +472.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136 +(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 484.8 Q (alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E -(ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 376.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) -144 388.8 Q F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413 +(ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 501.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) +144 513.6 Q F2(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413 (ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 (he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 -1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 400.8 Q 3.117(sn)-.55 G -.617(otion of the)-3.117 F F2(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 -(is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616 -(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 412.8 Q -.362(ground, or f)-.15 F .362 -(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363 -(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 424.8 Q -F0 .004(does not specify a v)2.815 F .004(alid job or)-.25 F F2(jobspec) +1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 525.6 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G +.616(otion of the)-3.116 F F2(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 +(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 +(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 537.6 Q +.363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363 +(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362 +(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 549.6 Q +F0 .004(does not specify a v)2.814 F .004(alid job or)-.25 F F2(jobspec) 4.244 E F0 .004(speci\214es a job that w)2.814 F .004 -(as started without job control.)-.1 F F1(getopts)108 441.6 Q F2 +(as started without job control.)-.1 F F1(getopts)108 566.4 Q F2 (optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(gs)-.37 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144 -453.6 Q F0 .793 -(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F2 -(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15 -(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 465.6 R .149 -(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449 --.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 477.6 Q .578 -(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579 +578.4 Q F0 .793 +(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F2 +(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 590.4 R .15 +(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 602.4 Q .579 +(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578 (The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665 -(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 489.6 R 1.665 +(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 614.4 R 1.665 (Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts) -4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .796 -(option in the shell v)144 501.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)3.296 E F0 -3.296(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.296 E F2(name)3.657 E F0 .797 -(if it does not e)3.477 F .797(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.297(xo)-.15 G -3.297(ft)-3.297 G .797(he ne)-3.297 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 513.6 Q .085 +4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .797 +(option in the shell v)144 626.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)3.297 E F0 +3.297(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.297 E F2(name)3.657 E F0 .797 +(if it does not e)3.477 F .796(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.296(xo)-.15 G +3.296(ft)-3.296 G .796(he ne)-3.296 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 638.4 Q .085 (gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTIND)2.585 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F4(OPTIND)4.585 E F0 .085 -(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .845 -(or a shell script is in)144 525.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 +(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .846 +(or a shell script is in)144 650.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 (d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F1 -(getopts)3.346 E F0 .846(places that ar)3.346 F(gument)-.18 E .804 -(into the v)144 537.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPT)3.304 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A -F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.304 F F4(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .803 -(automatically; it must be manually)3.053 F .293 -(reset between multiple calls to)144 549.6 R F1(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 +(getopts)3.345 E F0 .845(places that ar)3.345 F(gument)-.18 E .803 +(into the v)144 662.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPT)3.303 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A +F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.303 F F4(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .804 +(automatically; it must be manually)3.054 F .294 +(reset between multiple calls to)144 674.4 R F1(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 (within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293(cation if a ne).2 F -2.793(ws)-.25 G .294(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 561.6 -Q 2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 585.6 R F1(getopts) -4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043 -(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F4(OPTIND)144 597.6 Q F0 +2.793(ws)-.25 G .293(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 686.4 +Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 710.4 R F1(getopts) +4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.044 +(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F4(OPTIND)144 722.4 Q F0 (is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G -(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 -(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 621.6 Q F0 2.392 -(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.892 F 2.392 -(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.393(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.893 -(ni).15 G(n)-4.893 E F2(ar)4.893 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F1(getopts)144 -633.6 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 657.6 Q F0 1.166 -(can report errors in tw)3.666 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F -1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F2(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.165 -(is a colon,)3.885 F F2(silent)4.005 E F0(error)4.345 E 1.263 -(reporting is used.)144 669.6 R 1.263 -(In normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.263 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.263(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 -681.6 R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F -(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394 -(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 693.6 Q --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E -F2(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .666(If an in)144 717.6 R --.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,).25 F F1(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667 -(places ? into)3.167 F F2(name)3.527 E F0 .667 -(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4(and unsets)144 -729.6 R F4(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F1(getopts)2.899 E -F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F4 -(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q -(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(8)203.725 E 0 Cg EP +(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(is set to ?.)2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(8) +203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 9 9 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 -(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E -(diagnostic message is printed.)144 84 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 108 -R 1.241(gument is not found, and)-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts) -3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F1(?).833 E -F0 3.742(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242(laced in)-3.742 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)144 120 Q F0(,).18 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPT) -2.735 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 -(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.485 F(If)5.234 E F1 -(getopts)2.734 E F0 .234(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F1(:).833 E -F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 132 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3(OPT) +(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts)144 84 Q F0 2.393 +(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.893 F 2.392 +(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.392(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.892 +(ni).15 G(n)-4.892 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)4.892 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,) +.27 E F1(getopts)144 96 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 +120 Q F0 1.165(can report errors in tw)3.665 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665 +(ays. If)-3.765 F 1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F2(optstring) +3.895 E F0 1.166(is a colon,)3.886 F F2(silent)4.006 E F0(error)4.346 E +1.264(reporting is used.)144 132 R 1.263 +(In normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.263 F +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.263(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 144 +R .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) +-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394 +(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 156 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E +F2(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .667(If an in)144 180 R +-.25(va)-.4 G .667(lid option is seen,).25 F F1(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667 +(places ? into)3.167 F F2(name)3.527 E F0 .666 +(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399(and unsets)144 +192 R F3(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.899 E +F1(getopts)2.899 E F0 .399 +(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3(OPT)2.899 +E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144 204 +Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 228 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F +F1(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F1 +(?).833 E F0 3.741(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F +F2(name)144 240 Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.734 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 +(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.484 F(If)5.234 E F1 +(getopts)2.734 E F0 .235(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F1(:).833 E +F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 252 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3(OPT) 2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F1 -(getopts)144 156 Q F0 .902 +(getopts)144 276 Q F0 .902 (returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) -3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F -(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 168 Q F1(hash)108 184.8 +3.402 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .901(alse if the end of)-.1 F +(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 288 Q F1(hash)108 304.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A -.15(Fo) -144 196.8 S 3.555(re).15 G(ach)-3.555 E F2(name)3.555 E F0 3.555(,t).18 -G 1.054(he full \214le name of the command is determined by searching t\ -he directories in)-3.555 F F1($P)144 208.8 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 -.349(and remembered.)2.849 F .349(If the)5.349 F F1<ad70>2.849 E F0 .349 -(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.849 F F2 -(\214lename)4.76 E F0 .452 -(is used as the full \214le name of the command.)144 220.8 R(The)5.452 E -F1<ad72>2.952 E F0 .452(option causes the shell to for)2.952 F .452 -(get all remem-)-.18 F .592(bered locations.)144 232.8 R(The)5.592 E F1 -<ad64>3.092 E F0 .593(option causes the shell to for)3.092 F .593 -(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)3.093 E F0(.)A .021 -(If the)144 244.8 R F1<ad74>2.521 E F0 .021 -(option is supplied, the full pathname to which each)2.521 F F2(name) -2.52 E F0 .02(corresponds is printed.)2.52 F .02(If multi-)5.02 F(ple) -144 256.8 Q F2(name)3.703 E F0(ar)3.703 E 1.203 -(guments are supplied with)-.18 F F1<ad74>3.703 E F0 3.703(,t)C(he) --3.703 E F2(name)3.703 E F0 1.204 -(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.703 F(The)144 268.8 Q F1 -<ad6c>3.216 E F0 .715(option causes output to be displayed in a format \ -that may be reused as input.)3.216 F .715(If no ar)5.715 F(gu-)-.18 E -1.183(ments are gi)144 280.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.183(n, or if only).15 F -F1<ad6c>3.683 E F0 1.184 -(is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)3.684 F -(The return status is true unless a)144 292.8 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.).25 -E F1(help)108 309.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(pattern) --2.5 E F0(])A .867(Display helpful information about b)144 321.6 R .867 -(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 .866 -(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .306(help on all commands matching)144 -333.6 R F2(pattern)2.806 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 +F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858 +(Each time)144 316.8 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4 +G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F2(name) +3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 +(the directories in)144 328.8 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 +.956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 +(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .098(If the)144 340.8 +R F1<ad70>2.598 E F0 .098 +(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.598 F F2 +(\214lename)4.509 E F0 .099(is used as the full \214le name)2.779 F +1.712(of the command.)144 352.8 R(The)6.712 E F1<ad72>4.212 E F0 1.711 +(option causes the shell to for)4.212 F 1.711 +(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.711 E F1<ad64>4.211 E F0 +.833(option causes the shell to for)144 364.8 R .833 +(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I) +C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F1<ad74>3.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-) +3.333 F .704(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 376.8 R F2(name) +3.204 E F0 .703(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .703(If multiple)5.703 F +F2(name)3.203 E F0(ar)3.203 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 +388.8 R F1<ad74>3.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F2(name)3.295 E F0 +.795(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F1 +<ad6c>3.295 E F0 .795(option causes)3.295 F .934 +(output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 +400.8 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .934(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.934(n, or if).15 F(only)144 412.8 Q F1<ad6c>2.821 E F0 .321 +(is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.821 F +.322(The return status is true)5.322 F(unless a)144 424.8 Q F2(name)2.86 +E F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) +.25 E F1(help)108 441.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .867(Display helpful information about b)144 +453.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 +.866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .306(help on all commands matching)144 +465.6 R F2(pattern)2.806 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 (therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .307 -(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 345.6 Q F1 -<ad64>144 357.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)24.74 E F2 -(pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 369.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) +(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 477.6 Q F1 +<ad64>144 489.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)24.74 E F2 +(pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 501.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) 21.97 E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G(ormat) --2.5 E F1<ad73>144 381.6 Q F0 +-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 513.6 Q F0 (Display only a short usage synopsis for each)26.41 E F2(pattern)2.5 E -F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)108 393.6 Q F2 -(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 410.4 Q F2(n)A F1(])A -(history \255c)108 422.4 Q(history \255d)108 434.4 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset) --.18 E F1(history \255anrw)108 446.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A -F1(history \255p)108 458.4 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 -(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 470.4 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g) +F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)108 525.6 Q F2 +(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 542.4 Q F2(n)A F1(])A +(history \255c)108 554.4 Q(history \255d)108 566.4 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset) +-.18 E F1(history \255anrw)108 578.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A +F1(history \255p)108 590.4 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 +(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 602.4 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g) -.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 -482.4 S .752 +614.4 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F .752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 494.4 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F +G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 626.4 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 (lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(HISTTIMEFOR-) -2.881 E(MA)144 506.4 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 +2.881 E(MA)144 638.4 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 (is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F2 (strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019 -(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 518.4 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G +(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 650.4 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G 3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 (ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 -(time stamp and the history line.)144 530.4 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) +(time stamp and the history line.)144 662.4 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) 2.676 E F0 .176 (is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F -(not, the v)144 542.4 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) +(not, the v)144 674.4 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) 2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 554.4 Q F0 +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 686.4 Q F0 (Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)25.86 E F1<ad64>144 -566.4 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(Delete the history entry at position) -180 578.4 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F1<ad61>144 590.4 Q F0 .598 -(Append the `)25.3 F(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.098('h)-.74 G .598 -(istory lines \(history lines entered since the be)-3.098 F .599 -(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)180 602.4 Q F0 -(session\) to the history \214le.)2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 614.4 Q F0 .854(Rea\ -d the history lines not already read from the history \214le into the c\ -urrent history list.)24.74 F .772 -(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 626.4 R -.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E -(sion.)180 638.4 Q F1<ad72>144 650.4 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\ -ory \214le and use them as the current history)25.86 E(.)-.65 E F1<ad77> -144 662.4 Q F0(Write the current history to the history \214le, o)23.08 -E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G -(ontents.)-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 674.4 Q F0 .626 -(Perform history substitution on the follo)24.74 F(wing)-.25 E F2(ar) -3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F -2.975(output. Does)180 686.4 R .475 -(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar) -2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F -(normal history e)180 698.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 710.4 Q F0 -.363(Store the)26.41 F F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 -(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 -(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 722.4 Q -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(9)203.725 -E 0 Cg EP +698.4 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(Delete the history entry at position) +180 710.4 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q +(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(9)203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 10 10 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 -(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .145(If the) -144 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25 -(va)2.395 G .145 +(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad61>144 84 Q F0 .598(Append the `)25.3 F(`ne)-.74 E +(w')-.25 E 3.098('h)-.74 G .598 +(istory lines \(history lines entered since the be)-3.098 F .599 +(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)180 96 Q F0 +(session\) to the history \214le.)2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 108 Q F0 .854(Read \ +the history lines not already read from the history \214le into the cur\ +rent history list.)24.74 F .772 +(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 120 R +.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E +(sion.)180 132 Q F1<ad72>144 144 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \ +\214le and use them as the current history)25.86 E(.)-.65 E F1<ad77>144 +156 Q F0(Write the current history to the history \214le, o)23.08 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G(ontents.) +-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 168 Q F0 .626 +(Perform history substitution on the follo)24.74 F(wing)-.25 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625 +(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 +180 R .475(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 +E F2(ar)2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F +(normal history e)180 192 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 204 Q F0 .363 +(Store the)26.41 F F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 +(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 216 Q -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 +(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 232.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 (riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) -.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 96 R .669 +.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 244.8 R .669 (ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 -(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 108 R .956 +(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 256.8 R .956 (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 (wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .416 -(are interpreted as timestamps for the pre)144 120 R .416 +(are interpreted as timestamps for the pre)144 268.8 R .416 (vious history line.)-.25 F .416(The return v)5.416 F .415 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .499(option is e\ ncountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \214le\ -, an in)144 132 R -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(of)3 E -(fset)-.18 E F0(is)3 E(supplied as an ar)144 144 Q(gument to)-.18 E/F3 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad64>2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he history e) --2.5 E(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 E(gument to)-.18 E F3<ad70>2.5 E -F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F3(jobs)108 160.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255lnprs)A -F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F3(jobs \255x)108 172.8 Q F2 -(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E -(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 184.8 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5 -(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3<ad6c>144 196.8 Q F0 -(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)27.52 E F3 -<ad70>144 208.8 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')24.74 E 2.5 -(sp)-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F3<ad6e>144 220.8 Q F0 -.194(Display information only about jobs that ha)24.74 F .494 -.15(ve c) --.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 F .193(as last noti-)-.1 F -(\214ed of their status.)180 232.8 Q F3<ad72>144 244.8 Q F0 -(Restrict output to running jobs.)25.86 E F3<ad73>144 256.8 Q F0 -(Restrict output to stopped jobs.)26.41 E(If)144 273.6 Q F2(jobspec) +, an in)144 280.8 R -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)3 E(fset)-.18 E F0(is) +3 E(supplied as an ar)144 292.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0 2.5 +(,o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he history e)-2.5 E(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 +E(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad70>2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 +309.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 +E F1(jobs \255x)108 321.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs) +-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 333.6 Q .3 +-.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 345.6 Q F0 +(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)27.52 E F1 +<ad6e>144 357.6 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha) +24.74 F .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 F +.193(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 369.6 Q F1<ad70>144 +381.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')24.74 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G +(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad72>144 393.6 Q F0 +(Restrict output to running jobs.)25.86 E F1<ad73>144 405.6 Q F0 +(Restrict output to stopped jobs.)26.41 E(If)144 422.4 Q F2(jobspec) 4.553 E F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 (n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T) --.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 285.6 Q -.25 +-.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 434.4 Q -.25 (va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 -E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 302.4 R F3 -<ad78>2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F3(jobs)2.894 E F0 +E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 451.2 R F1 +<ad78>2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 .394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) 3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394 -(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 314.4 Q +(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 463.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar) 2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E -F3(kill)108 331.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F3<ad73>A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F3 -<ad6e>2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F3<ad>2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F3 -(kill \255l)108 343.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 -G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .119(Send the signal named by)144 355.2 R F2 +F1(kill)108 480 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1 +<ad6e>2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad>2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1 +(kill \255l)108 492 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G +(it_status).2 E F0(])A .119(Send the signal named by)144 504 R F2 (sigspec)2.959 E F0(or)2.929 E F2(signum)2.959 E F0 .119 (to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.87 E F0(or)3.39 E F2 (jobspec)2.62 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.46 E F0(is)2.93 E .319 -(either a case-insensiti)144 367.2 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319 -(ignal name such as).15 F F1(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318 -(\(with or without the)2.569 F F1(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 379.2 Q F2(signum)4.188 E F0 +(either a case-insensiti)144 516 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319 +(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318 +(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 528 Q F2(signum)4.188 E F0 1.349(is a signal number)4.168 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec) -4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F1(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 -1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 391.2 Q .523(gument of)-.18 -F F3<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an) -5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when) -.18 F F3<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523 -(n, the names).15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 403.2 -R .28(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E -F2 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 415.2 Q .378(gument to)-.18 F -F3<ad6c>2.878 E F0 .378 +4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 +1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 540 Q .523(gument of)-.18 F +F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523 +F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when).18 F +F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523(n, the names) +.15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 552 R .28 +(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E F2 +-.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 564 Q .378(gument to)-.18 F F1 +<ad6c>2.878 E F0 .378 (is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.878 F .377 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .593(nated by a signal.)144 427.2 -R F3(kill)5.593 E F0 .593(returns true if at least one signal w)3.093 F +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .593(nated by a signal.)144 576 R +F1(kill)5.593 E F0 .593(returns true if at least one signal w)3.093 F .593(as successfully sent, or f)-.1 F .594(alse if an error)-.1 F -(occurs or an in)144 439.2 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.) -.25 E F3(let)108 456 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E -F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 468 Q F2(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197 +(occurs or an in)144 588 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 +E F1(let)108 604.8 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Each)144 616.8 Q F2(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197 (is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G -.196(luated \(see).25 F F1 .196(ARITHMETIC EV)2.696 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855 +.196(luated \(see).25 F F3 .196(ARITHMETIC EV)2.696 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855 (AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F -(the last)144 480 Q F2(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G -(luates to 0,).25 E F3(let)2.5 E F0(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.) -2.5 E F3(local)108 496.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name) --2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 508.8 S +(the last)144 628.8 Q F2(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G +(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.) +2.5 E F1(local)108 645.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name) +-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 657.6 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06 (ariable named)-.25 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 .06(is created, and assigned) 2.74 F F2(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he)-5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 -.06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 520.8 Q 3.153(yo)-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653 -(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F3(declar)3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W) -C(hen)-5.652 E F3(local)3.152 E F0 .652 +.06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 669.6 Q 3.153(yo)-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653 +(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F1(declar)3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W) +C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .652 (is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -532.8 Q F2(name)3.72 E F0 .86(to ha)3.54 F 1.16 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .861 +681.6 Q F2(name)3.72 E F0 .86(to ha)3.54 F 1.16 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .861 (isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)5.861 G .861(th no operands,).4 F F3(local)144 544.8 Q F0 1.165 +(Wi)5.861 G .861(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)144 693.6 Q F0 1.165 (writes a list of local v)3.665 F 1.165 (ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.165(It is an error to use) -6.165 F F3(local)3.664 E F0 1.164(when not)3.664 F .232 -(within a function.)144 556.8 R .233(The return status is 0 unless)5.232 -F F3(local)2.733 E F0 .233(is used outside a function, an in)2.733 F +6.165 F F1(local)3.664 E F0 1.164(when not)3.664 F .232 +(within a function.)144 705.6 R .233(The return status is 0 unless)5.232 +F F1(local)2.733 E F0 .233(is used outside a function, an in)2.733 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)3.093 E F0(is)2.913 E(supplied, or)144 -568.8 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F3 -(logout)108 585.6 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)9.33 E F3(map\214le)108 602.4 -Q F0([)2.5 E F3<ad6e>A F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad4f>-2.5 E F2 -(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad73>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3 -<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad43> --2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum) -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F3 -.18(re)108 614.4 S -(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F3<ad6e>A F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad4f> --2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad73>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F3<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F3<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad63>-2.5 E F2 -(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A .351 -(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 626.4 R -.15(xe) --.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(arr)2.85 E -(ay)-.15 E F0 2.85(,o).32 G 2.85(rf)-2.85 G .35(rom \214le descriptor) --2.85 F F2(fd)2.85 E F0 1.248(if the)144 638.4 R F3<ad75>3.748 E F0 -1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F(ariable)-.25 E F1 -(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F2(arr)3.749 E -(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,)-6.249 F(ha)144 -650.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3<ad6e> -144 662.4 Q F0(Cop)24.74 E 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F2 -(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count)2.5 E F0 -(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F3<ad4f>144 674.4 Q F0(Be)22.52 E -(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x) --.15 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi) --.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F3<ad73>144 686.4 Q F0 -(Discard the \214rst)26.41 E F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F3 -<ad74>144 698.4 Q F0(Remo)26.97 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing ne).15 E -(wline from each line read.)-.25 E F3<ad75>144 710.4 Q F0 -(Read lines from \214le descriptor)24.74 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20) -148.735 E(10)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +717.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E +(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(10)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad43>144 84 Q F0(Ev)23.08 E(aluate)-.25 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2(quantum) +/Times-Bold@0 SF(logout)108 84 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)9.33 E F1 +(map\214le)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 +<ad73>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 +<ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k) +-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr) +-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 112.8 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E +F1<ad6e>A F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 +2.5(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac) +2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A .351 +(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 124.8 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(arr)2.85 E +(ay)-.15 E F0 2.85(,o).32 G 2.85(rf)-2.85 G .35(rom \214le descriptor) +-2.85 F F2(fd)2.85 E F0 1.248(if the)144 136.8 R F1<ad75>3.748 E F0 +1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 +9/Times-Bold@0 SF(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E +F2(arr)3.749 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,)-6.249 +F(ha)144 148.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E +F1<ad6e>144 160.8 Q F0(Cop)24.74 E 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E +F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count)2.5 E F0 +(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1<ad4f>144 172.8 Q F0(Be)22.52 E +(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x) +-.15 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi) +-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 184.8 Q F0 +(Discard the \214rst)26.41 E F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 +<ad74>144 196.8 Q F0(Remo)26.97 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing ne).15 E +(wline from each line read.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 208.8 Q F0 +(Read lines from \214le descriptor)24.74 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1<ad43>144 220.8 Q F0(Ev)23.08 E +(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2(quantum) 2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0 -(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 96 Q -F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)25.86 E F2 -(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 112.8 Q F1<ad43>2.968 E F0 .467 +(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 232.8 +Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)25.86 E F2 +(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 249.6 Q F1<ad43>2.968 E F0 .467 (is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F1<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 (he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 -(luated, it is sup-).25 F 1.22(plied the inde)144 124.8 R 3.72(xo)-.15 G -3.72(ft)-3.72 G 1.22(he ne)-3.72 F 1.22 -(xt array element to be assigned as an additional ar)-.15 F(gument.)-.18 -E F2(callbac)6.22 E(k)-.2 E F0(is)3.72 E -.25(eva)144 136.8 S -(luated after the line is read b).25 E -(ut before the array element is assigned.)-.2 E -(If not supplied with an e)144 153.6 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 +(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 261.6 R 2.761(xo)-.15 +G 2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be ass\ +igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 +(as additional ar)144 273.6 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E +F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 +(luated after the line is read b).25 F .274 +(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 285.6 Q +(If not supplied with an e)144 302.4 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 170.4 Q F0 1.906 -(returns successfully unless an in)4.406 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 -(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.905(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) -4.405 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.405 E(in)144 182.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 319.2 Q F0 1.905 +(returns successfully unless an in)4.405 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 +(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.906(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) +4.406 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.406 E(in)144 331.2 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E -F1(popd)108 199.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 211.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799 -(se).15 G .299(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.799 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G -.299(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 -G .3(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.479(stack, and performs a)144 -223.2 R F1(cd)3.979 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.979 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 -(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.478 -(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.778 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.478(he follo).15 -F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 235.2 Q F1<ad6e>144 247.2 Q F0 .551 +F1(popd)108 348 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 360 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se) +.15 G .3(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.8 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299 +(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G +.299(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.478(stack, and performs a)144 +372 R F1(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 +(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.479 +(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.779 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.479(he follo).15 +F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 384 Q F1<ad6e>144 396 Q F0 .551 (Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)24.74 F .551 (ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F -(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 259.2 Q F1(+)144 271.2 Q F2(n)A -F0(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 -.14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F -F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 -283.2 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 -(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,) --.65 E F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1<ad>144 295.2 Q F2(n)A F0 -(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F2(n)3.759 E F0 -1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by)-.25 -F F1(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5(zero. F)180 -307.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F3(popd -1)2.5 -E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .644(If the)144 324 R F1(popd)3.144 -E F0 .644(command is successful, a)3.144 F F1(dirs)3.143 E F0 .643 -(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 F F1(popd)5.643 -E F0 .415(returns f)144 336 R .415(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G -.415(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.916 -(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.916 E .416(xistent direc-)-.15 F -(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 348 Q -(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 364.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A F2(var)2.5 E F0 -(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .372 -(Write the formatted)144 376.8 R F2(ar)2.872 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .372 -(to the standard output under the control of the)2.872 F F2(format)2.872 -E F0 5.372(.T)C(he)-5.372 E F2(format)2.872 E F0 1.804(is a character s\ -tring which contains three types of objects: plain characters, which ar\ -e simply)144 388.8 R .159 -(copied to standard output, character escape sequences, which are con) -144 400.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .158(rted and copied to the stan-).15 F .499(\ -dard output, and format speci\214cations, each of which causes printing\ - of the ne)144 412.8 R .5(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)3.15 E -(gu-)-.37 E(ment)144 424.8 Q F0 5.424(.I)C 2.924(na)-5.424 G .424 -(ddition to the standard)-2.924 F F2(printf)2.924 E F0 .424 -(\(1\) formats,)B F1(%b)2.924 E F0(causes)2.923 E F1(printf)2.923 E F0 -.423(to e)2.923 F .423(xpand backslash escape)-.15 F .976 -(sequences in the corresponding)144 436.8 R F2(ar)3.476 E(gument)-.37 E -F0(\(e)3.476 E .976(xcept that)-.15 F F1(\\c)3.476 E F0 .976 -(terminates output, backslashes in)3.476 F F1<5c08>3.477 E F0(,)A F1 -(\\")3.477 E F0(,)A(and)144 448.8 Q F1(\\?)3.422 E F0 .922(are not remo) -3.422 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .922(d, and octal escapes be).15 F .922 -(ginning with)-.15 F F1(\\0)3.422 E F0 .921 -(may contain up to four digits\), and)3.422 F F1(%q)144 460.8 Q F0 -(causes)3.63 E F1(printf)3.63 E F0 1.13(to output the corresponding)3.63 -F F2(ar)3.631 E(gument)-.37 E F0 1.131 -(in a format that can be reused as shell)3.631 F(input.)144 472.8 Q(The) -144 496.8 Q F1<ad76>2.904 E F0 .404 -(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)2.904 F(ariable)-.25 E -F2(var)2.904 E F0 .404(rather than being printed to the)2.904 F -(standard output.)144 508.8 Q(The)144 532.8 Q F2(format)3.423 E F0 .923 -(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.423 F F2(ar)3.423 E -(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format) -3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F F2(ar)144 544.8 Q(guments)-.37 E -F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.534 F .033 -(xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) -.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .033(alue or null string,) --.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 556.8 Q(The return v)5 E -(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd) -108 573.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C -<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 585.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 -2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the d\ -irectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 597.6 R 3.14(wt) --.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F 1.316(stack the current w)144 609.6 R 1.316 -(orking directory)-.1 F 6.316(.W)-.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.716 F 1.315 -(guments, e)-.18 F 1.315(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.815(od)-.1 G 1.315 -(irectories and)-3.815 F .871 -(returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 621.6 R 5.871(.A) --.65 G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .872(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.172 -.15 -(ve t)-.2 H .872(he follo).15 F .872(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 633.6 Q -F1<ad6e>144 645.6 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the normal change of directory w\ -hen adding directories to the stack, so that)24.74 F -(only the stack is manipulated.)180 657.6 Q F1(+)144 669.6 Q F2(n)A F0 -1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F2(n)3.767 E F0 1.268 -(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.268(wn by) --.25 F F1(dirs)180 681.6 Q F0 2.5(,s)C -(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1<ad>144 693.6 Q F2(n)A F0 -.92(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 -(th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 -F F1(dirs)180 705.6 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) --2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 717.6 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F2(dir)2.85 E F0 -(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.23 E 2.5(wc)-.25 -G(urrent w)-2.5 E(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q +(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 408 Q F1(+)144 420 Q F2(n)A F0 +(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 .14 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F F1 +(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 432 +S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0(remo) +2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E +F4(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1<ad>144 444 Q F2(n)A F0(Remo) +25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F2(n)3.76 E F0 1.259 +(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by)-.25 F +F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5(zero. F) +180 456 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F4(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F4(popd -1)2.5 +E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643(If the)144 472.8 R F1(popd) +3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F1(dirs)3.143 E F0 .644 +(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 F F1(popd)5.644 +E F0 .416(returns f)144 484.8 R .416(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G +.415(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915 +(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.915 E .415(xistent direc-)-.15 F +(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 496.8 Q +(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 513.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A F2(var)2.5 E F0 +(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.436 +(Write the formatted)144 525.6 R F2(ar)3.936 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 +(to the standard output under the control of the)3.936 F F2(format)3.937 +E F0 6.437(.T)C(he)-6.437 E F1<ad76>3.937 E F0 .126 +(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 537.6 R(ariable) +-.25 E F2(var)2.626 E F0 .126(rather than being printed to the standard) +2.626 F(output.)144 549.6 Q(The)144 573.6 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(i\ +s a character string which contains three types of objects: plain chara\ +cters, which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\ +er escape sequences, which are con)144 585.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 +(rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ +\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 597.6 R .037 +(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 609.6 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 +5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F2 +(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.031 +E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 621.6 Q +(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 633.6 Q F0(causes)20.44 E F1(printf)5.115 E +F0 2.615(to e)5.115 F 2.615 +(xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) +5.115 E(gument)-.37 E F0(\(e)180 645.6 Q .608(xcept that)-.15 F F1(\\c) +3.108 E F0 .608(terminates output, backslashes in)3.108 F F1<5c08>3.108 +E F0(,)A F1(\\")3.108 E F0 3.108(,a)C(nd)-3.108 E F1(\\?)3.108 E F0 .608 +(are not remo)3.108 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .608(d, and octal).15 F(escapes be) +180 657.6 Q(ginning with)-.15 E F1(\\0)2.5 E F0 +(may contain up to four digits\).)2.5 E F1(%q)144 669.6 Q F0(causes) +20.44 E F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2 +(ar)2.51 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell) +2.51 F(input.)180 681.6 Q F1(%\()144 693.6 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0 +(causes)180 705.6 Q F1(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904 +(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.404 F F2(datefmt) +4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 717.6 R F2 +(strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) +2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 +(ger representing the number)-.15 F .458(of seconds since the epoch.)180 +729.6 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.458 H .458(special ar)3.758 F .458(gument v)-.18 F +.458(alues may be used: -1 represents the)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q (2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(11)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 12 12 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 -(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .488(If the) -144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(pushd)2.988 E F0 .488 -(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 -(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F -F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 96 R/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(dir)3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039 -(ith the second form,)-.4 F F1(pushd)3.539 E F0 1.039 -(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846(stack is empty)144 108 R -3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent directory stack element is \ -speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 -120 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 -136.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 -(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 148.8 R .845 +(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E +(current time, and -2 represents the time the shell w)180 84 Q(as in)-.1 +E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E(Ar)144 100.8 Q .463(guments to non-s\ +tring format speci\214ers are treated as C constants, e)-.18 F .464 +(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.259(minus sign is allo)144 112.8 +R 1.259 +(wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) +-.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 124.8 Q(alue of the follo) +-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 141.6 Q/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(format)3.423 E F0 .923 +(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.423 F F1(ar)3.423 E +(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F1(format) +3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F F1(ar)144 153.6 Q(guments)-.37 E +F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.534 F .033 +(xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) +.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .033(alue or null string,) +-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 165.6 Q(The return v)5 E +(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(pushd)108 182.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+) +-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A F2(pushd)108 194.4 Q +F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C F1(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a direc\ +tory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates the stack, making th\ +e ne)144 206.4 R 3.14(wt)-.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F 1.316 +(stack the current w)144 218.4 R 1.316(orking directory)-.1 F 6.316(.W) +-.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.716 F 1.315(guments, e)-.18 F 1.315 +(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.815(od)-.1 G 1.315(irectories and)-3.815 F +.871(returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 230.4 R 5.871 +(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .872(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.172 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H .872(he follo).15 F .872(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 +242.4 Q F2<ad6e>144 254.4 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the normal change of dir\ +ectory when adding directories to the stack, so that)24.74 F +(only the stack is manipulated.)180 266.4 Q F2(+)144 278.4 Q F1(n)A F0 +1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F1(n)3.767 E F0 1.268 +(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.268(wn by) +-.25 F F2(dirs)180 290.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C +(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F2<ad>144 302.4 Q F1(n)A F0 +.92(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F1(n)3.42 E F0 .92 +(th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 +F F2(dirs)180 314.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) +-2.5 E F1(dir)144.35 326.4 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F1(dir)2.85 E F0 +(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.23 E 2.5(wc)-.25 +G(urrent w)-2.5 E(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .488(If the)144 343.2 +R F2(pushd)2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F2(dirs) +2.988 E F0 .488(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489 +(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F F2(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04 +(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 355.2 R F1(dir)3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G +3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F2(pushd)3.539 E F0 +1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846(stack is empty)144 +367.2 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent directory stack ele\ +ment is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)-.15 F +(speci\214ed ne)144 379.2 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E +(ails.)-.1 E F2(pwd)108 396 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 +(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 408 R .845 (orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844 (he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144 -160.8 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 -.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1 -(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264 -(enabled. If)144 172.8 R(the)3.264 E F1<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763 +420 R F2<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F2 .181 +(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F2(set) +2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264(enabled. If) +144 432 R(the)3.264 E F2<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763 (option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264 F .763(The return)5.763 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ - reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 184.8 R -.25(va) --.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 196.8 Q F1 -.18(re)108 213.6 S -(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad61>-3.817 E F2 -(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad64>-3.817 E F2(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817 -(][)C F1<ad69>-3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad6e> --3.817 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad4e>-3.816 E -F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad70>-3.816 E F2(pr) -3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad74>-3.816 E F2(timeout)3.816 E F0 -3.816(][)C F1<ad75>-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 225.6 Q F2(name)A -F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from th\ -e \214le descriptor)144 237.6 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar) -3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 249.6 Q F1<ad75>2.538 E F0 .038 + reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 444 R -.25(va) +-.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 456 Q F2 -.18(re)108 472.8 S(ad) +.18 E F0([)3.817 E F2(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F2<ad61>-3.817 E F1(aname) +3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F2<ad64>-3.817 E F1(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F2 +<ad69>-3.817 E F1(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F2<ad6e>-3.817 E F1 +(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad4e>-3.816 E F1(nc) +3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad70>-3.816 E F1(pr)3.816 E +(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad74>-3.816 E F1(timeout)3.816 E F0 3.816 +(][)C F2<ad75>-3.816 E F1(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 484.8 Q F1(name)A F0 +(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from the \ +\214le descriptor)144 496.8 R F1(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar) +3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 508.8 Q F2<ad75>2.538 E F0 .038 (option, and the \214rst w)2.538 F .038(ord is assigned to the \214rst) --.1 F F2(name)2.539 E F0 2.539(,t).18 G .039(he second w)-2.539 F .039 -(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)2.539 E F0(,).18 E .42 -(and so on, with lefto)144 261.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw).15 G .42 +-.1 F F1(name)2.539 E F0 2.539(,t).18 G .039(he second w)-2.539 F .039 +(ord to the second)-.1 F F1(name)2.539 E F0(,).18 E .42 +(and so on, with lefto)144 520.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw).15 G .42 (ords and their interv)-3.02 F .42 -(ening separators assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 5.42(.I) -.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .54(are fe)144 273.6 R .54(wer w)-.25 +(ening separators assigned to the last)-.15 F F1(name)2.92 E F0 5.42(.I) +.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .54(are fe)144 532.8 R .54(wer w)-.25 F .541(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names \ -are assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 285.6 S 2.511(lues. The).25 F .011 +are assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 544.8 S 2.511(lues. The).25 F .011 (characters in)2.511 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.511 E F0 .011 (are used to split the line into w)2.261 F 2.511(ords. The)-.1 F .011 -(backslash character \()2.511 F F1(\\)A F0 2.51(\)m)C(ay)-2.51 E 1.89 -(be used to remo)144 297.6 R 2.19 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.19 -.15(ny s).15 H +(backslash character \()2.511 F F2(\\)A F0 2.51(\)m)C(ay)-2.51 E 1.89 +(be used to remo)144 556.8 R 2.19 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.19 -.15(ny s).15 H 1.891(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F 1.891 (xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F -(Options, if supplied, ha)144 309.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 321.6 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w) -180 333.6 R 1.049 +(Options, if supplied, ha)144 568.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad61>144 580.8 Q F1(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w) +180 592.8 R 1.049 (ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) --.25 E F2(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F -F2(aname)180.33 345.6 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 --.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 -(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 357.6 Q F2(delim)2.5 E -F0(The \214rst character of)180 369.6 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 +-.25 E F1(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F +F1(aname)180.33 604.8 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 +-.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 +(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F2<ad64>144 616.8 Q F1(delim)2.5 E +F0(The \214rst character of)180 628.8 Q F1(delim)2.5 E F0 (is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E -F1<ad65>144 381.6 Q F0 .372 -(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)25.86 F F1 -.18(re) +F2<ad65>144 640.8 Q F0 .372 +(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)25.86 F F2 -.18(re) 2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E .218 -(to obtain the line.)180 393.6 R .218 +(to obtain the line.)180 652.8 R .218 (Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 (ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E -(acti)180 405.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E -F1<ad69>144 417.6 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)10.78 E F1 -.18(re)2.715 -G(adline).18 E F0 .216(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te) +(acti)180 664.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E +F2<ad69>144 676.8 Q F1(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)10.78 E F2 -.18(re)2.715 +G(adline).18 E F0 .216(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F1(te) 2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E -.216(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 429.6 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 -441.6 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 453.6 S(ad).18 E -F0 1.395(returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E +.216(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 688.8 Q(gins.)-.15 E F2<ad6e>144 +700.8 Q F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 712.8 S(ad).18 E +F0 1.395(returns after reading)3.895 F F1(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394 -(aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 465.6 Q -(ut honor a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E -(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 -<ad4e>144 477.6 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 489.6 S -(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc) -3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F -1.27(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 -(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 501.6 R F1 -.18(re) -2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274 -(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.274 F 1.002 -(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 513.6 -R F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc) -3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read.)180 525.6 Q F1<ad70> -144 537.6 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 549.6 Q F2(pr)3.661 E -(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161 +(aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 724.8 Q +(ut honor a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E +(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E +(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(12)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 13 13 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 +(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad4e>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 +E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 96 S(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e) +3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269 +(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 +(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 108 R F1 -.18(re)2.775 +G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274(Delimiter characters encoun-) +5.274 F 1.002 +(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 120 R +F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)3.503 +E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read.)180 132 Q F1<ad70>144 144 Q +F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 156 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E +F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161 (ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read) --.25 F(an)180 561.6 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F +-.25 F(an)180 168 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F (prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 -<ad72>144 573.6 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +<ad72>144 180 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) 25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of) --5.543 F(the line.)180 585.6 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G +-5.543 F(the line.)180 192 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G (ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.) --.25 E F1<ad73>144 597.6 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E +-.25 E F1<ad73>144 204 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E (If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 -<ad74>144 609.6 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 621.6 Q F1 -.18(re)3.549 -G(ad).18 E F0 1.048(to time out and return f)3.549 F 1.048 +<ad74>144 216 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 228 Q F1 -.18(re)3.549 G +(ad).18 E F0 1.048(to time out and return f)3.549 F 1.048 (ailure if a complete line of input is not read within)-.1 F F2(timeout) -180 633.6 Q F0(seconds.)3.496 E F2(timeout)5.996 E F0 .997 +180 240 Q F0(seconds.)3.496 E F2(timeout)5.996 E F0 .997 (may be a decimal number with a fractional portion follo)3.496 F(wing) --.25 E .576(the decimal point.)180 645.6 R .576(This option is only ef) +-.25 E .576(the decimal point.)180 252 R .576(This option is only ef) 5.576 F(fecti)-.25 E .876 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)3.076 G (ad).18 E F0 .576(is reading input from a terminal,)3.076 F .141 -(pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 657.6 R .142 +(pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 264 R .142 (fect when reading from re)-.25 F .142(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.142 E -F2(timeout)2.642 E F0 .142(is 0,)2.642 F F1 -.18(re)180 669.6 S(ad).18 E +F2(timeout)2.642 E F0 .142(is 0,)2.642 F F1 -.18(re)180 276 S(ad).18 E F0 .113(returns success if input is a)2.614 F -.25(va)-.2 G .113 (ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 2.613(,f)-.4 G .113 -(ailure otherwise.)-2.713 F(The e)180 681.6 Q +(ailure otherwise.)-2.713 F(The e)180 288 Q (xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 -E F1<ad75>144 693.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor) -14.46 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .191(If no)144 710.4 R F2(names)3.051 E F0 +E F1<ad75>144 300 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor) +14.46 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .191(If no)144 316.8 R F2(names)3.051 E F0 .191(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.961 F(ariable) --.25 E F3(REPL)2.692 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .192 -(The return code is zero,)4.692 F 1.344 -(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 722.4 R F1 -.18(re)3.844 G(ad) +-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.692 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF +(.)A F0 .192(The return code is zero,)4.692 F 1.344 +(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 328.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.844 G(ad) .18 E F0 1.343 (times out \(in which case the return code is greater than)3.844 F -(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(12)198.725 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 13 13 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 -(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E -(128\), or an in)144 84 Q -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar).25 E(gument to)-.18 E/F1 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 100.8 S(adonly).18 E -F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aA)A(pf)-.25 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77 -(The gi)144 112.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77 -(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F -F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097 -(quent assignment.)144 124.8 R 1.097(If the)6.097 F F1<ad66>3.597 E F0 -1.097(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2 -(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 136.8 Q 3.334(ed. The) +(128\), or an in)144 340.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar).25 E(gument to)-.18 E F1 +<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 357.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255aA)A(pf)-.25 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E +F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 369.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2 +(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77 +(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77 +(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144 381.6 R +1.097(If the)6.097 F F1<ad66>3.597 E F0 1.097 +(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2 +(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 393.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) -.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) -3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) --.25 E .538(ables to associati)144 148.8 R .838 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.038 +-.25 E .538(ables to associati)144 405.6 R .838 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.038 (rrays. If).15 F(no)3.038 E F2(name)3.398 E F0(ar)3.218 E .538 (guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .538(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70> 3.038 E F0 .537(option is supplied, a list)3.038 F .08 -(of all readonly names is printed.)144 160.8 R(The)5.08 E F1<ad70>2.58 E +(of all readonly names is printed.)144 417.6 R(The)5.08 E F1<ad70>2.58 E F0 .081(option causes output to be displayed in a format that may)2.58 F -1.177(be reused as input.)144 172.8 R 1.177(If a v)6.177 F 1.176 +1.177(be reused as input.)144 429.6 R 1.177(If a v)6.177 F 1.176 (ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.176(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.676(,t)C 1.176(he v)-3.676 F 1.176(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.176 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)144 184.8 Q(d)-.37 E F0 6.205(.T)C +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)144 441.6 Q(d)-.37 E F0 6.205(.T)C 1.205(he return status is 0 unless an in)-6.205 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.206 (lid option is encountered, one of the).25 F F2(names)4.066 E F0 1.206 -(is not a)3.976 F -.25(va)144 196.8 S(lid shell v).25 E +(is not a)3.976 F -.25(va)144 453.6 S(lid shell v).25 E (ariable name, or)-.25 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(is supplied with a)2.5 E F2 -(name)2.86 E F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 213.6 S +(name)2.86 E F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 470.4 S (tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .587 -(Causes a function to e)144 225.6 R .587(xit with the return v)-.15 F +(Causes a function to e)144 482.4 R .587(xit with the return v)-.15 F .587(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)3.087 E F0 5.587(.I).24 G(f)-5.587 E F2(n)3.447 E F0 .586(is omitted, the return status is)3.327 F 1.335 -(that of the last command e)144 237.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.335 +(that of the last command e)144 494.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.335 (cuted in the function body).15 F 6.335(.I)-.65 G 3.835(fu)-6.335 G 1.335(sed outside a function, b)-3.835 F 1.335(ut during)-.2 F -.15(exe) -144 249.6 S .794(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.294 E F0(\() +144 506.4 S .794(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.294 E F0(\() 5.794 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.294(\)c)C .794 (ommand, it causes the shell to stop e)-3.294 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .794 -(cuting that script).15 F .245(and return either)144 261.6 R F2(n)3.105 +(cuting that script).15 F .245(and return either)144 518.4 R F2(n)3.105 E F0 .246(or the e)2.985 F .246(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .246(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .246 -(xit sta-)-.15 F .082(tus of the script.)144 273.6 R .082 +(xit sta-)-.15 F .082(tus of the script.)144 530.4 R .082 (If used outside a function and not during e)5.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .082 (cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.582 E F0 2.581(,t).833 G .081 -(he return sta-)-2.581 F 2.305(tus is f)144 285.6 R 4.805(alse. An)-.1 F +(he return sta-)-2.581 F 2.305(tus is f)144 542.4 R 4.805(alse. An)-.1 F 4.805(yc)-.15 G 2.305(ommand associated with the)-4.805 F F1(RETURN) 4.805 E F0 2.306(trap is e)4.806 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.306(cuted before e) .15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution).15 E(resumes after the function or script.) -144 297.6 Q F1(set)108 314.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 -E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 326.4 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option) -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 338.4 S -.836(thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F -.835(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 -(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 350.4 +144 554.4 Q F1(set)108 571.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F2 +(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1 +(set)108 583.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o) +-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0 +(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 595.2 S .836(thout options, the name and v).4 F +.835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .835 +(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 +(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 607.2 R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784 -(riables cannot be).25 F 2.947(reset. In)144 362.4 R F2 .447(posix mode) +(riables cannot be).25 F 2.947(reset. In)144 619.2 R F2 .447(posix mode) 2.947 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447 (ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447 (The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.53 -(locale. When)144 374.4 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F +(locale. When)144 631.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F 3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An) -.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F -1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 386.4 R 1.623 +1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 643.2 R 1.623 (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order) -144 398.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A +144 655.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 --.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 410.4 Q +-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 667.2 Q F0 .539(Automatically mark v)29.3 F .539 (ariables and functions which are modi\214ed or created for e)-.25 F .54 -(xport to)-.15 F(the en)184 422.4 Q(vironment of subsequent commands.) --.4 E F1<ad62>144 434.4 Q F0 .132 +(xport to)-.15 F(the en)184 679.2 Q(vironment of subsequent commands.) +-.4 E F1<ad62>144 691.2 Q F0 .132 (Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)28.74 F 2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E -(primary prompt.)184 446.4 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) --.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 458.4 Q F0 .51 +(primary prompt.)184 703.2 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) +-.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 715.2 Q F0 .51 (Exit immediately if a)29.86 F F2(pipeline)3.01 E F0 .511 (\(which may consist of a single)3.011 F F2 .511(simple command)3.011 F -F0 3.011(\), a)B F2(sub-)3.011 E(shell)184 470.4 Q F0 .872 +F0 3.011(\), a)B F2(sub-)3.011 E(shell)184 727.2 Q F0 .872 (command enclosed in parentheses, or one of the commands e)3.373 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .872(cuted as part of a).15 F .399 -(command list enclosed by braces \(see)184 482.4 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(xe)-.15 G .872(cuted as part of a).15 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q +(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(13)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 14 14 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 +(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .399 +(command list enclosed by braces \(see)184 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .399(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.899 F F0(abo)2.649 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.899(\)e).15 G -.399(xits with a non-zero)-3.049 F 3.969(status. The)184 494.4 R 1.468 +.399(xits with a non-zero)-3.049 F 3.969(status. The)184 96 R 1.468 (shell does not e)3.969 F 1.468(xit if the command that f)-.15 F 1.468 -(ails is part of the command list)-.1 F .569(immediately follo)184 506.4 -R .569(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)3.069 E F0(or)3.069 E F1(until)3.069 E F0 --.1(ke)3.069 G(yw)-.05 E .569(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F .57 -(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)3.07 E F0(or)3.07 E F1(elif)3.07 E F0(reserv)184 -518.4 Q .544(ed w)-.15 F .544(ords, part of an)-.1 F 3.044(yc)-.15 G -.544(ommand e)-3.044 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .544(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.044 -E F0(or)3.044 E/F4 10/Symbol SF<efef>3.044 E F0 .544(list e)3.044 F .544 -(xcept the command)-.15 F(follo)184 530.4 Q 1.23(wing the \214nal)-.25 F -F1(&&)3.73 E F0(or)3.73 E F4<efef>3.73 E F0 3.73(,a)C 1.53 -.15(ny c) --3.73 H 1.231(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F 1.231 -(ut the last, or if the com-)-.2 F(mand')184 542.4 Q 3.191(sr)-.55 G -.691(eturn v)-3.191 F .691(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .691 -(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.191 E F0 5.691(.A)C .691(trap on)-2.5 F F1(ERR) -3.19 E F0 3.19(,i)C 3.19(fs)-3.19 G .69(et, is e)-3.19 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.69(cuted before).15 F .686(the shell e)184 554.4 R 3.186(xits. This) --.15 F .686(option applies to the shell en)3.186 F .686 -(vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F(viron-)-.4 E .068 -(ment separately \(see)184 566.4 R F3 .068(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)2.568 -F(ONMENT)-.27 E F0(abo)2.318 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .068(\), and may cause).15 -F(subshells to e)184 578.4 Q(xit before e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuting all the commands in the subshell.).15 E F1<ad66>144 590.4 Q F0 -(Disable pathname e)30.97 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad68>144 602.4 Q F0 -2.238(Remember the location of commands as the)28.74 F 4.738(ya)-.15 G -2.239(re look)-4.738 F 2.239(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.739 -(cution. This).15 F(is)4.739 E(enabled by def)184 614.4 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -<ad6b>144 626.4 Q F0 .514(All ar)28.74 F .514 +(ails is part of the command list)-.1 F .569(immediately follo)184 108 R +.569(wing a)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(while)3.069 E F0(or)3.069 E F2 +(until)3.069 E F0 -.1(ke)3.069 G(yw)-.05 E .569 +(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F .57(wing the)-.25 F F2(if)3.07 E F0 +(or)3.07 E F2(elif)3.07 E F0(reserv)184 120 Q .91(ed w)-.15 F .91 +(ords, part of an)-.1 F 3.41(yc)-.15 G .909(ommand e)-3.41 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .909(cuted in a).15 F F2(&&)3.409 E F0(or)3.409 E F2(||)3.409 E +F0 .909(list e)3.409 F .909(xcept the command)-.15 F(follo)184 132 Q +.049(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F2(&&)2.549 E F0(or)2.549 E F2(||)2.549 E +F0 2.549(,a)C .349 -.15(ny c)-2.549 H .049(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F +.05(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F(s)-.55 E .373(return v)184 144 +R .373(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .373(rted with).15 F F2(!) +2.873 E F0 5.372(.A)C .372(trap on)-2.5 F F2(ERR)2.872 E F0 2.872(,i)C +2.872(fs)-2.872 G .372(et, is e)-2.872 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .372 +(cuted before the shell).15 F -.15(ex)184 156 S 2.896(its. This).15 F +.397(option applies to the shell en)2.896 F .397 +(vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .397(vironment sepa-)-.4 F .191 +(rately \(see)184 168 R F1 .19(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)2.691 F(ONMENT) +-.27 E F0(abo)2.44 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .19(\), and may cause subshells).15 +F(to e)184 180 Q(xit before e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuting all the commands in the subshell.).15 E F2<ad66>144 192 Q F0 +(Disable pathname e)30.97 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F2<ad68>144 204 Q F0 2.238 +(Remember the location of commands as the)28.74 F 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.239 +(re look)-4.738 F 2.239(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.739 +(cution. This).15 F(is)4.739 E(enabled by def)184 216 Q(ault.)-.1 E F2 +<ad6b>144 228 Q F0 .514(All ar)28.74 F .514 (guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18 F .513(vironment for a)-.4 F -(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 638.4 Q F1 -<ad6d>144 650.4 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)25.97 F .148 +(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 240 Q F2 +<ad6d>144 252 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)25.97 F .148 (Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F .149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .637 -(on systems that support it \(see)184 662.4 R F3 .636(JOB CONTR)3.136 F +(on systems that support it \(see)184 264 R F1 .636(JOB CONTR)3.136 F (OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.886 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.136(\). Background).15 F .636 (processes run in a)3.136 F .641 -(separate process group and a line containing their e)184 674.4 R .642 -(xit status is printed upon their com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 686.4 Q F1 -<ad6e>144 698.4 Q F0 .653(Read commands b)28.74 F .653(ut do not e)-.2 F +(separate process group and a line containing their e)184 276 R .642 +(xit status is printed upon their com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 288 Q F2 +<ad6e>144 300 Q F0 .653(Read commands b)28.74 F .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653(cute them.).15 F .652 (This may be used to check a shell script for)5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 -710.4 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 -E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(13)198.725 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 14 14 +312 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E +F2<ad6f>144 324 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The) +184 336 Q F3(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E +(wing:)-.25 E F2(allexport)184 348 Q F0(Same as)224 360 Q F2<ad61>2.5 E +F0(.)A F2(braceexpand)184 372 Q F0(Same as)224 384 Q F2<ad42>2.5 E F0(.) +A F2(emacs)184 396 Q F0 .089 +(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)13.9 F 2.589(ace. This) +-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95 +(when the shell is interacti)224 408 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95 +(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F2(\255\255noediting)3.45 E +F0 2.5(option. This)224 420 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) +-.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F2(err) +184 432 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)11.31 E F2<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F2 +(errtrace)184 444 Q F0(Same as)5.03 E F2<ad45>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(functrace) +184 456 Q F0(Same as)224 468 Q F2<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(hashall)184 480 Q +F0(Same as)9.43 E F2<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(histexpand)184 492 Q F0 +(Same as)224 504 Q F2<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(history)184 516 Q F0 .586 +(Enable command history)10 F 3.087(,a)-.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587 +(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(HIST)3.087 E +(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .587(This option is) +5.087 F(on by def)224 528 Q(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +(hells.).15 E F2(ignor)184 540 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 552 R +1.657(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF +(IGNOREEOF=10)4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted) +.15 E(\(see)224 564 Q F2(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2 -.1(ke)184 576 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as) +224 588 Q F2<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(monitor)184 600 Q F0(Same as)5.56 E F2 +<ad6d>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(noclob)184 612 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 624 Q F2 +<ad43>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(noexec)184 636 Q F0(Same as)11.12 E F2<ad6e>2.5 E +F0(.)A F2(noglob)184 648 Q F0(Same as)11.1 E F2<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F2 +(nolog)184 660 Q F0(Currently ignored.)16.66 E F2(notify)184 672 Q F0 +(Same as)15 E F2<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(nounset)184 684 Q F0(Same as)6.66 +E F2<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(onecmd)184 696 Q F0(Same as)6.67 E F2<ad74>2.5 +E F0(.)A F2(ph)184 708 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)5.14 E F2<ad50>2.5 E +F0(.)A(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(14)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 15 15 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6f>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option\255name) -2.5 E F0(The)184 96 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 -(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 108 Q F0 -(Same as)224 120 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 132 Q F0 -(Same as)224 144 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(emacs)184 156 Q F0 .089 -(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)13.9 F 2.589(ace. This) --.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95 -(when the shell is interacti)224 168 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95 -(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting)3.45 E -F0 2.5(option. This)224 180 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) --.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err) -184 192 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)11.31 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(errtrace)184 204 Q F0(Same as)5.03 E F1<ad45>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(functrace) -184 216 Q F0(Same as)224 228 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(hashall)184 240 Q -F0(Same as)9.43 E F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(histexpand)184 252 Q F0 -(Same as)224 264 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(history)184 276 Q F0 .586 -(Enable command history)10 F 3.087(,a)-.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587 -(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 288 Q -(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 -300 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 312 R 1.657 -(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) -4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 -324 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) -.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 336 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 348 Q F1 -<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 360 Q F0(Same as)5.56 E F1<ad6d>2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 372 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 384 Q F1<ad43>2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 396 Q F0(Same as)11.12 E F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(noglob)184 408 Q F0(Same as)11.1 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog)184 -420 Q F0(Currently ignored.)16.66 E F1(notify)184 432 Q F0(Same as)15 E -F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 444 Q F0(Same as)6.66 E F1<ad75>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 456 Q F0(Same as)6.67 E F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(ph)184 468 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)5.14 E F1<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(pipefail)184 480 Q F0 1.029(If set, the return v)7.77 F 1.029 -(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.03 -(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 492 R +/Times-Bold@0 SF(pipefail)184 84 Q F0 1.029(If set, the return v)7.77 F +1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.03 +(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 96 R 1.136 (xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) --.15 F -.15(ex)224 504 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G -(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 516 Q F0 +-.15 F -.15(ex)224 108 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G +(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 120 Q F0 2.09(Change the beha)17.77 F 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 -(fers from the)-.25 F(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 528 Q -F2(posix mode)A F0(\).)A F1(pri)184 540 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 -552 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 564 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as) -7.33 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 576 Q F0 1.466 -(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)32.22 F 3.965(ace. This)-.1 -F 1.465(also af)3.965 F 1.465(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 588 Q -(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(xtrace)184 -600 Q F0(Same as)13.35 E F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 618 Q F1<ad6f>3.052 -E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F2(option\255name)3.053 E F0 3.053 -(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553(alues of the current options are printed.) --.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184 630 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F -F2(option\255name)3.572 E F0 3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set) -3.571 E F0 1.071(commands to recreate the current)3.571 F -(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 642 Q F1<ad70> -144 654 Q F0 -.45(Tu)28.74 G 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1 +(fers from the)-.25 F(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 132 Q +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)A F0(\).)A F1(pri)184 144 Q(vileged) +-.1 E F0(Same as)224 156 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 168 S +(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)7.33 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 180 Q F0 +1.466(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)32.22 F 3.965 +(ace. This)-.1 F 1.465(also af)3.965 F 1.465(fects the editing)-.25 F +(interf)224 192 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0 +(.)A F1(xtrace)184 204 Q F0(Same as)13.35 E F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 +222 Q F1<ad6f>3.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F2 +(option\255name)3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553 +(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184 +234 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F2(option\255name)3.572 E F0 +3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071 +(commands to recreate the current)3.571 F +(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 246 Q F1<ad70> +144 258 Q F0 -.45(Tu)28.74 G 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1 (ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F -F3($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072 -(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501 -(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 666 R 1.5 -(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)184 678 S -(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0 -(and)2.774 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G .524 -(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F -(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 690 R .38 +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV) +-.27 E F0 1.072(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501 +(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 270 R 1.5 +(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 +-.27(BA)184 282 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) +.855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.774 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G +.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F +(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 294 R .38 (If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u) -.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461 -(user \(group\) id, and the)184 702 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461 +(user \(group\) id, and the)184 306 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461 (option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462 -(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 714 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 +(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 318 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 (ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1<ad70> 2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 726 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G +E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 330 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G .386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886 F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F -(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(14)198.725 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 15 15 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 -(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E -(set to the real user and group ids.)184 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -<ad74>144 96 Q F0(Exit after reading and e)30.97 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuting one command.).15 E F1<ad75>144 108 Q F0 -.35(Tr)28.74 G .044 -(eat unset v).35 F .044(ariables and parameters other than the special \ -parameters "@" and "*" as an)-.25 F .182 -(error when performing parameter e)184 120 R 2.682(xpansion. If)-.15 F --.15(ex)2.682 G .183(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 -E .746(able or parameter)184 132 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 +(set to the real user and group ids.)184 342 Q F1<ad74>144 354 Q F0 +(Exit after reading and e)30.97 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.).15 +E F1<ad75>144 366 Q F0 -.35(Tr)28.74 G .044(eat unset v).35 F .044(aria\ +bles and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" as an) +-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 378 R 2.682 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.682 G .183 +(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746 +(able or parameter)184 390 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 (he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184 -144 Q F1<ad76>144 156 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)29.3 E 2.5(ya) --.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 168 Q F0 .315(After e)29.3 F .315 -(xpanding each)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .315(simple command)2.815 -F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E -F0(command,)2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236 -(or arithmetic)184 180 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236 -(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of) --.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS4)3.736 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 192 Q +402 Q F1<ad76>144 414 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)29.3 E 2.5(ya) +-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 426 Q F0 .315(After e)29.3 F .315 +(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo) +2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E +F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 438 R F1 +-.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236 +(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0(follo) +3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 450 Q (xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1 -<ad42>144 204 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578 +<ad42>144 462 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578 (xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 216 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 228 Q F0 .214(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.714 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 474 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 486 Q F0 .214(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.714 E F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 (xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F -3.053(tors. This)184 240 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 +3.053(tors. This)184 498 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 (rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) -.15 F(tor)184 252 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -<ad45>144 264 Q F0 .104(If set, an)27.63 F 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104(rap on) +.15 F(tor)184 510 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +<ad45>144 522 Q F0 .104(If set, an)27.63 F 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104(rap on) -2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 (is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 -F .838(mands e)184 276 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 +F .838(mands e)184 534 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 -(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 288 Q F1 -<ad48>144 300 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 546 Q F1 +<ad48>144 558 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 (style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 -F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 312 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 324 Q F0 1.164 +F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 570 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 582 Q F0 1.164 (If set, the shell does not follo)28.19 F 3.664(ws)-.25 G 1.164 (ymbolic links when e)-3.664 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165 (cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.665 E F0 2.822 -(that change the current w)184 336 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 +(that change the current w)184 594 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 (.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821 -(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 348 R(def)2.685 +(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 606 R(def)2.685 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F -(mands which change the current directory)184 360 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144 -372 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 +(mands which change the current directory)184 618 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144 +630 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 (DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 (are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 -(substitutions, and commands e)184 384 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 +(substitutions, and commands e)184 642 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E -(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 396 Q F0 -(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 408 Q +(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 654 Q F0 +(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 666 Q F0 .401(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 (his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 420 Q F2 +(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 678 Q F2 (ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G (ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144 -432 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2 +690 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2 (ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G -1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 444 R +1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 702 R F1<ad78>3.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F1<ad76>3.446 E F0 .945 (options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no) 3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B -(parameters remain unchanged.)184 456 Q .425(The options are of)144 -472.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 +(parameters remain unchanged.)184 714 Q .425(The options are of)144 +730.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 -(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 -(to be turned of)144 484.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 +768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(15)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 16 16 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 +(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .178 +(to be turned of)144 84 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) -.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 -(current set of options may be found in)144 496.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 -5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 -(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F -(is encountered.)144 508.8 Q F1(shift)108 525.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 537.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 -.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G -.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 549.6 Q F1($#)2.582 -E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082 -(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) -.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 -(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 561.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 -.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F -(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 -(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 573.6 R -.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 -.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 -(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 585.6 Q F1(shopt)108 602.4 Q F0([) +(current set of options may be found in)144 96 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa) +-.1 G .066(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F +(is encountered.)144 108 Q F1(shift)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 +136.8 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 .429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....) +2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G .428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F +(bers)144 148.8 Q F1($#)2.582 E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#) +2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082 +(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H +.083(umber less than or equal to).15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f) +-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 160.8 +R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06 +(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06 +(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143 +(positional parameters are not changed.)144 172.8 R .144 +(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 .144 +(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 +(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 184.8 Q F1(shopt)108 201.6 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) --2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 614.4 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222 +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 213.6 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222 (alues of v)-.25 F .222(ariables controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F (vior)-.2 E 5.222(.W)-.55 G .222(ith no options, or with the)-5.622 F F1 <ad70>2.722 E F0 .721(option, a list of all settable options is display\ -ed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.)144 626.4 R(The) -144 638.4 Q F1<ad70>2.828 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\ +ed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.)144 225.6 R(The) +144 237.6 Q F1<ad70>2.828 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\ d in a form that may be reused as input.)2.828 F .327(Other options) -5.327 F(ha)144 650.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:) --.25 E F1<ad73>144 662.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5 -E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 674.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2 -(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 686.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal out\ +5.327 F(ha)144 249.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:) +-.25 E F1<ad73>144 261.6 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5 +E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 273.6 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2 +(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 285.6 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal out\ put \(quiet mode\); the return status indicates whether the)24.74 F F2 -(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E .256(set or unset.)180 698.4 R .256 +(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E .256(set or unset.)180 297.6 R .256 (If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 E F0(ar)2.756 E .256 (guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F1 <ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F -(all)180 710.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.) -2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(15)198.725 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 16 16 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 -(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6f>144 84 Q F0(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(optname)2.5 E F0(to be those de\214ned for the) -2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin.).2 E .127(If either)144 100.8 R F1<ad73>2.627 E F0(or)2.627 E F1 -<ad75>2.627 E F0 .127(is used with no)2.627 F F2(optname)2.627 E F0(ar) -2.627 E .127(guments, the display is limited to those options which)-.18 -F 1.024(are set or unset, respecti)144 112.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E -6.024(.U)-.65 G 1.024(nless otherwise noted, the)-6.024 F F1(shopt)3.523 -E F0 1.023(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.523 F(def)144 124.8 Q -(ault.)-.1 E 1.544 -(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 141.6 R F2 -(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.045 F .696 +(all)180 309.6 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.) +2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 321.6 Q F0(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2 +(optname)2.5 E F0(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0 +(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .127 +(If either)144 338.4 R F1<ad73>2.627 E F0(or)2.627 E F1<ad75>2.627 E F0 +.127(is used with no)2.627 F F2(optname)2.627 E F0(ar)2.627 E .127 +(guments, the display is limited to those options which)-.18 F 1.024 +(are set or unset, respecti)144 350.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.024 +(.U)-.65 G 1.024(nless otherwise noted, the)-6.024 F F1(shopt)3.523 E F0 +1.023(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.523 F(def)144 362.4 Q(ault.) +-.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 +379.2 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) +4.045 F .696 (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 153.6 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695 -(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 165.6 Q(The list of)144 182.4 Q F1(shopt) -2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 200.4 Q F0 .199 +144 391.2 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695 +(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 403.2 Q(The list of)144 420 Q F1(shopt) +2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 438 Q F0 .199 (If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)11.11 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment to the)184 212.4 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F +(ment to the)184 450 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1(cdable_v)144 224.4 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 236.4 R .156 +F1(cdable_v)144 462 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 474 R .156 (gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F -(name of a v)184 248.4 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E -(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 260.4 Q F0 +(name of a v)184 486 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E +(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 498 Q F0 1.055 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a) 10.55 F F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 -(corrected. The)184 272.4 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 +(corrected. The)184 510 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 (ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .552(one character too man)184 284.4 R 4.352 -.65 -(y. I)-.15 H 3.052(fac).65 G .552 +-.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .552(one character too man)184 522 R 4.352 -.65(y. I) +-.15 H 3.052(fac).65 G .552 (orrection is found, the corrected \214le name is printed, and)-3.052 F -(the command proceeds.)184 296.4 Q -(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F1(checkhash)144 308.4 Q F0 2.08(If set,)184 320.4 R F1(bash)4.58 -E F0 2.079(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.58 F 2.079 -(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 332.4 S(cute it.).15 E +(the command proceeds.)184 534 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5 +E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 546 Q F0 2.08 +(If set,)184 558 R F1(bash)4.58 E F0 2.079 +(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.58 F 2.079 +(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 570 S(cute it.).15 E (If a hashed command no longer e)5 E -(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 344.4 -Q F0 .448(If set,)184 356.4 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 +(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 582 Q +F0 .448(If set,)184 594 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 (lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449 (topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 368.4 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 606 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G .938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938 (xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 -(attempted without an interv)184 380.4 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 -F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 392.4 Q -.1(wa) --.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G -(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 404.4 Q F0 .797(If set,)184 -416.4 R F1(bash)3.297 E F0 .797(checks the windo)3.297 F 3.297(ws)-.25 G +(attempted without an interv)184 618 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 630 Q -.1(wa)-.1 +G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G +(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 642 Q F0 .797(If set,)184 +654 R F1(bash)3.297 E F0 .797(checks the windo)3.297 F 3.297(ws)-.25 G .796(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.297 F 3.296(,u)-.65 G -.796(pdates the)-3.296 F -.25(va)184 428.4 S(lues of).25 E F3(LINES)2.5 -E F0(and)2.25 E F3(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist) -144 440.4 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202 -(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 +.796(pdates the)-3.296 F -.25(va)184 666 S(lues of).25 E F3(LINES)2.5 E +F0(and)2.25 E F3(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)144 +678 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202(attempts to sa) +3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 (ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184 -452.4 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E -(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 464.4 -Q F0 .42(If set,)184 476.4 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42(changes its beha)2.92 -F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419 -(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E -(to the conditional command')184 488.4 Q 2.5(s=)-.55 G 2.5(~o)-2.5 G -(perator)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(compat32)144 500.4 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 -512.4 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409 -(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 -(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F -(string comparison when using the conditional command')184 524.4 Q 2.5 -(s<a)-.55 G(nd > operators.)-2.5 E F1(compat40)144 536.4 Q F0 1.41 -(If set,)184 548.4 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F -1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 -(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 1.692 -(string comparison when using the conditional command')184 560.4 R 4.193 -(s<a)-.55 G 1.693(nd > operators and the)-4.193 F(ef)184 572.4 Q -(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 E F1(dirspell)144 584.4 Q F0 -.859(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)3.359 E F0 .858 +690 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E +(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 702 Q +F0 .42(If set,)184 714 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42(changes its beha)2.92 F +.419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar) +-.15 F(guments)-.18 E(to the)184 726 Q F1([[)2.5 E F0 +(conditional command')2.5 E(s)-.55 E F1(=~)2.5 E F0(operator)2.5 E(.) +-.55 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(16)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 17 17 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 +(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(compat32)144 84 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash) +3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F +1.41(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 1.266 +(string comparison when using the)184 108 R F1([[)3.766 E F0 1.266 +(conditional command')3.766 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)3.766 E F0(and)3.766 E F1(>) +3.766 E F0 3.765(operators. Bash)3.765 F -.15(ve)184 120 S .512 +(rsions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and).15 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.012 E(cmp)-.37 E F0 .513 +(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the).19 F(current locale')184 132 Q 2.5 +(sc)-.55 G(ollation sequence and)-2.5 E F2(str)2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0 +(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat40)144 144 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184 156 R F1(bash) +3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F +1.409(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .422 +(string comparison when using the)184 168 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 +(conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F1(>) +2.923 E F0 .423(operators \(see pre-)2.923 F(vious item\) and the ef)184 +180 Q(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 E F1(compat41)144 192 Q +F0 1.232(@item compat41 If set,)184 204 R F1(bash)3.732 E F0 3.732(,w)C +1.232(hen in posix mode, treats a single quote in a double-)-3.732 F +1.213(quoted parameter e)184 216 R 1.213 +(xpansion as a special character)-.15 F 6.213(.T)-.55 G 1.214 +(he single quotes must match \(an)-6.213 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)184 228 T +2.949(nn).25 G .448(umber\) and the characters between the single quote\ +s are considered quoted.)-2.949 F(This)5.448 E .062(is the beha)184 240 +R .062(vior of posix mode through v)-.2 F .062(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .062 +(The def)5.062 F .062(ault bash beha)-.1 F .063(vior remains as)-.2 F +(in pre)184 252 Q(vious v)-.25 E(ersions.)-.15 E F1(dirspell)144 264 Q +F0 .859(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)3.359 E F0 .858 (attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.359 F .858 (ord completion if)-.1 F -(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 596.4 Q(xist.)-.15 -E F1(dotglob)144 608.4 Q F0 .165(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 +(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 276 Q(xist.)-.15 E +F1(dotglob)144 288 Q F0 .165(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 (includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665('i) -.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail)144 620.4 Q F0 1.387 +(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail)144 300 Q F0 1.387 (If set, a non-interacti)7.79 F 1.687 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386 (hell will not e).15 F 1.386(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.386(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 632.4 Q +1.386(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 312 Q (gument to the)-.18 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E (An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 -E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 644.4 Q -F0 .716(If set, aliases are e)184 656.4 R .717(xpanded as described abo) --.15 F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(ALIASES)3.217 E F4(.)A F0 -.717(This option is enabled)5.217 F(by def)184 668.4 Q -(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(extdeb)144 -680.4 Q(ug)-.2 E F0(If set, beha)184 692.4 Q +E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 324 Q F0 +.716(If set, aliases are e)184 336 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 +F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E +/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .717(This option is enabled)5.217 F +(by def)184 348 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E F1(extdeb)144 360 Q(ug)-.2 E F0(If set, beha)184 372 Q (vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 -704.4 Q F0(The)28.5 E F1<ad46>4.251 E F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 F F1 +384 Q F0(The)28.5 E F1<ad46>4.251 E F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 F F1 (declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751 (iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F -(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 716.4 -Q(gument.)-.18 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(16)198.725 -E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 17 17 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 -(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(2.)184 84 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)28.5 F -F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F 1.667 -(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 96 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 108 Q F0 .841 +(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 396 Q +(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 408 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)28.5 +F F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F +1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 420 +Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 432 Q F0 .841 (If the command run by the)28.5 F F1(DEB)3.341 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 (trap returns a v)3.341 F .84(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 -(exe)220 120 S .488 +(exe)220 444 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 -(sour)220 132 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins\), a call to).2 E F1 --.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0(is simulated.)2.5 E F1(4.)184 144 Q -/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)28.5 G(SH_ARGC).27 E F0(and)3.154 E F2 --.27(BA)3.404 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 -(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 156 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 168 Q F0 1.359 +(sour)220 456 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins\), a call to).2 E F1 +-.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0(is simulated.)2.5 E F1(4.)184 468 Q +F3 -.27(BA)28.5 G(SH_ARGC).27 E F0(and)3.154 E F3 -.27(BA)3.404 G +(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904(are updated as described in their descriptions) +3.154 F(abo)220 480 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 492 Q F0 1.359 (Function tracing is enabled:)28.5 F 1.359 (command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)6.359 F(shells in)220 -180 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1 -(DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.) -184 192 Q F0 .805(Error tracing is enabled:)28.5 F .804 -(command substitution, shell functions, and subshells)5.805 F(in)220 204 -Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F3 -(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E(OR)-.3 E F0 -(trap.)2.5 E F1(extglob)144 216 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)8.89 F .4 +504 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F2 +(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0 +(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 516 Q F0 .805 +(Error tracing is enabled:)28.5 F .804 +(command substitution, shell functions, and subshells)5.805 F(in)220 528 +Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F2 +(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.) +2.5 E F1(extglob)144 540 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)8.89 F .4 (xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 228 Q -F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 240 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 252 R -F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A F3(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973 -E F0(")A F3(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within) --4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F3(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G -(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 264 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 276 Q F0 +-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 552 Q +F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 564 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 576 R +F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A F2(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973 +E F0(")A F2(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within) +-4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G +(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 588 Q +(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 600 Q F0 1.424(If set, patterns which f)7.77 F 1.425 (ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.425 -(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 288 S(pansion error).15 E(.) --.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 300 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.937(If set, the suf)184 312 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) --.15 F F2(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936(ariable cause w) --.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 324 R .32 +(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 612 S(pansion error).15 E(.) +-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 624 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 +.937(If set, the suf)184 636 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) +-.15 F F3(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936(ariable cause w) +-.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 648 R .32 (ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32 (he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.948 -(pletions. See)184 336 R F2 .448(SHELL V)2.948 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 -(abo)2.698 E .748 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 -(FIGNORE)2.947 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .447(This option is)4.947 -F(enabled by def)184 348 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globstar)144 360 Q F0 .178 -(If set, the pattern)5 F F1(**)2.678 E F0 .178(used in a pathname e) -2.678 F .178(xpansion conte)-.15 F .179 -(xt will match a \214les and zero or)-.15 F 1.298 -(more directories and subdirectories.)184 372 R 1.298 +(pletions. See)184 660 R F3 .448(SHELL V)2.948 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 +(abo)2.698 E .748 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F3 +(FIGNORE)2.947 E F4(.)A F0 .447(This option is)4.947 F(enabled by def) +184 672 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globstar)144 684 Q F0 .178(If set, the pattern) +5 F F1(**)2.678 E F0 .178(used in a pathname e)2.678 F .178 +(xpansion conte)-.15 F .179(xt will match a \214les and zero or)-.15 F +1.298(more directories and subdirectories.)184 696 R 1.298 (If the pattern is follo)6.298 F 1.298(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.797 E F0 3.797(,o)C 1.297(nly directories)-3.797 F(and subdirectories match.)184 -384 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 396 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ -en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 408 Q F1(histappend)144 -420 Q F0 .676 +708 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(17)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 18 18 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 +(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(gnu_errfmt)144 84 Q F0(If set, shell error messages ar\ +e written in the standard GNU error message format.)184 96 Q F1 +(histappend)144 108 Q F0 .676 (If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -432 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.177 E F0 -.25(va)2.927 G -(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 444 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 456 Q(eedit)-.18 -E F0 .576(If set, and)184 468 R F1 -.18(re)3.076 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 -(is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .575 -(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .575(ailed his-)-.1 F -(tory substitution.)184 480 Q F1(histv)144 492 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .402 -(If set, and)184 504 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 +120 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILE)3.177 E F0 +-.25(va)2.927 G(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 132 Q +(xits, rather than o)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1 +(histr)144 144 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 .576(If set, and)184 156 R F1 -.18(re) +3.076 G(adline).18 E F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .575(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F +.575(ailed his-)-.1 F(tory substitution.)184 168 Q F1(histv)144 180 Q +(erify)-.1 E F0 .402(If set, and)184 192 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 +E F0 .403 (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 516 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661 +2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 204 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661 (nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F1 -.18(re)3.161 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 528 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 216 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 540 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 552 R F1 -.18(re)3.681 +(hostcomplete)144 228 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 240 R F1 -.18(re)3.681 G(adline).18 E F0 1.181(is being used,)3.681 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.182 (will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.682 F 1.381(when a w)184 -564 R 1.381(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +252 R 1.381(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 (is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.88 E F0(under)3.88 E -F2(READLINE)3.88 E F0(abo)184 576 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F -(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 588 Q F0(If set,) -184 600 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 +F2(READLINE)3.88 E F0(abo)184 264 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F +(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 276 Q F0(If set,) +184 288 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) -.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(interacti)144 612 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 -.33(If set, allo)184 624 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 +.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(interacti)144 300 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 +.33(If set, allo)184 312 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 (ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 (ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967 -(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 636 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 +(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 324 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 648 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1(lithist)144 660 Q F0 .654(If set, and the)15.55 F F1 -(cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa) -3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history) --3.155 F(with embedded ne)184 672 Q +G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 336 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 348 Q F0 1.211 +(If set, and job control is not acti)6.66 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.712(,t).15 +G 1.212(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not)-3.712 F -.15 +(exe)184 360 S(cuted in the background in the current shell en).15 E +(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 372 Q F0 .655(If set, and the)15.55 F +F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654 +(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G +3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)-3.154 F +(with embedded ne)184 384 Q (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 -(login_shell)144 684 Q F0 .486 +(login_shell)144 396 Q F0 .486 (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -696 R F2(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 708 S(lue may not be changed.).25 -E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(17)198.725 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 18 18 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 -(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(mailwar)144 84 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814 -(If set, and a \214le that)184 96 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 -(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F --.1(wa)184 108 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E -(`The mail in)-.74 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mail\214le)2.5 E F0 +408 R F2(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 420 S(lue may not be changed.).25 +E F1(mailwar)144 432 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815(If set, and a \214le that)184 +444 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 +(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F +-.1(wa)184 456 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E +(`The mail in)-.74 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mail\214le)2.5 E F0 (has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i)-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1 -(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 120 Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 132 R F1 -.18 -(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325(is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E -F0 .324(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF --.666(PA)2.824 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F -(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 144 Q F1 -(nocaseglob)144 156 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 168 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436 -(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f)-.25 -H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 180 S +(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 468 Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 480 R F1 -.18 +(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E F0 .324(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash)2.824 E +F0 .324(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.825 G(TH) +-.189 E F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F +(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 492 Q F1 +(nocaseglob)144 504 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 516 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 +(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f)-.25 +H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 528 S (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 192 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184 -204 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) -3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 -F(while e)184 216 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 -E F1([[)2.5 E F0(conditional commands.)2.5 E F1(nullglob)144 228 Q F0 -.854(If set,)184 240 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo)3.354 E .855 -(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.355 G .855 -(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.355(\)t).15 G(o) --3.355 E -.15(ex)184 252 S(pand to a null string, rather than themselv) -.15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 264 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677 -(If set, the programmable completion f)184 276 R .677(acilities \(see) --.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 288 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 300 Q(omptv) --.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447(If set, prompt strings under)184 312 R 1.448 -(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic) --.15 F -.15(ex)184 324 S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 540 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 +552 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) +3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 +F(while e)184 564 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 +E F1([[)2.5 E F0(conditional commands.)2.5 E F1(nullglob)144 576 Q F0 +.855(If set,)184 588 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0(allo)3.355 E .855 +(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.354 G .854 +(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.354(\)t).15 G(o) +-3.354 E -.15(ex)184 600 S(pand to a null string, rather than themselv) +.15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 612 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676 +(If set, the programmable completion f)184 624 R .677(acilities \(see) +-.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 636 Q +(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 648 Q(omptv) +-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448(If set, prompt strings under)184 660 R 1.448 +(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.447(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic) +-.15 F -.15(ex)184 672 S .17(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in) --.15 F F3(PR)2.67 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E -(This option is enabled by def)184 336 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 348 +-.15 F F2(PR)2.671 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 +E(This option is enabled by def)184 684 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 696 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) -184 360 R F3 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 372 Q 4.178 +184 708 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 720 Q 4.178 (w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)4.178 G 1.678(lue may not be changed.).25 F -1.678(This is not reset when the startup \214les are)6.678 F -.15(exe) -184 384 S(cuted, allo).15 E(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E -F1(shift_v)144 396 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 408 R F1 -(shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 -(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502 -(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 420 Q F1(sour) -144 432 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 444 R F1(sour)3.271 E -(ce)-.18 E F0(\()3.271 E F1(.)A F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v) --3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77 -(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar) -184 456 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.) --.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 468 Q F0(If set, the)184 480 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 --.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 -E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 492 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A 1.001 -(Suspend the e)144 504 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.001 -(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G -F3(SIGCONT)A F0 3.502(signal. A)3.252 F 1.002(login shell cannot be) -3.502 F .023(suspended; the)144 516 R F1<ad66>2.523 E F0 .023 -(option can be used to o)2.523 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 -(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .022(The return status is) -5.022 F 2.5(0u)144 528 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F1 +1.678(This is not reset when the startup \214les are)6.678 F +(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(18)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 19 19 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 +(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E -.15(exe)184 +84 S(cuted, allo).15 E(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(shift_v)144 96 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 +108 R F1(shift)3.002 E F0 -.2(bu)3.002 G .501 +(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501 +(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 120 Q F1(sour) +144 132 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 144 R F1(sour)3.27 E(ce) +-.18 E F0(\()3.27 E F1(.)A F0 3.27(\)b)C .77(uiltin uses the v)-3.47 F +.771(alue of)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 +.771(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.021 F +(\214le supplied as an ar)184 156 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F +(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 168 Q F0 +(If set, the)184 180 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E +(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend) +108 192 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A 1.002(Suspend the e)144 204 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.002(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.501(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.501(signal. A)3.251 F 1.001 +(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144 216 R F1<ad66> +2.522 E F0 .022(option can be used to o)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 +(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .023(The return status is) +5.023 F 2.5(0u)144 228 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F1 <ad66>2.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 E -F1(test)108 540 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 552 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G -(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 1.15 +F1(test)108 240 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 +252 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 1.15 (Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the e)6.77 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.15 -(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.65 G -(pr).2 E F0 6.15(.E).73 G(ach)-6.15 E 1.188 -(operator and operand must be a separate ar)144 564 R 3.688 -(gument. Expressions)-.18 F 1.187(are composed of the primaries)3.688 F -1.889(described abo)144 576 R 2.189 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 -(CONDITION)4.389 E 1.889(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A -F1(test)6.389 E F0 1.89(does not accept an)4.389 F 4.39(yo)-.15 G 1.89 -(ptions, nor)-4.39 F(does it accept and ignore an ar)144 588 Q +(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)3.65 G +(pr).2 E F0 6.15(.E).73 G(ach)-6.15 E 1.187 +(operator and operand must be a separate ar)144 264 R 3.688 +(gument. Expressions)-.18 F 1.188(are composed of the primaries)3.688 F +1.89(described abo)144 276 R 2.19 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 +(CONDITION)4.39 E 1.89(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A +F1(test)6.39 E F0 1.889(does not accept an)4.389 F 4.389(yo)-.15 G 1.889 +(ptions, nor)-4.389 F(does it accept and ignore an ar)144 288 Q (gument of)-.18 E F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 -E .786(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 606 R .785 -(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 2.5 -(dence. The)144 618 R -.25(eva)2.5 G -(luation depends on the number of ar).25 E(guments; see belo)-.18 E -.65 -(w.)-.25 G F1(!)144 630 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.6 G -(ue if).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\() -144 642 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26(Returns the v)6.77 -F .26(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26 -(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 -(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 654 Q F2 -.2(ex) -144 666 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)180 678 S(ue if both).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F2 --.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F2 -.2(ex)144 690 S(pr1).2 E -F0<ad>2.5 E F1(o)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 702 S -(ue if either).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G -(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 718.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E +E .785(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 306 R .786 +(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.412 +(dence. The)144 318 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912 +(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .911(guments; see belo)-.18 F +4.711 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .911(perator precedence is).65 F +(used when there are \214v)144 330 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) +-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 342 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)12.6 G(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E(alse.)-.1 +E F1(\()144 354 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26 +(Returns the v)6.77 F .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 +5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 +(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 366 Q F3 -.2(ex) +144 378 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)180 390 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F3 +-.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 402 S(pr1).2 E +F0<ad>2.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 414 S +(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G +(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 430.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E (xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E -(guments.)-.18 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(18)198.725 -E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 19 19 +(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 448.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) +180 460.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 472.8 S -.18 +(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 484.8 Q +(xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 +E 2.5(2a)144 496.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) +180 508.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 +F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 +(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 520.8 R .38 +(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 532.8 Q .553 +(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552 +(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552 +(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 544.8 Q +(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 556.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 568.8 R .236 +(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 +(If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 +(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 580.8 R 1.155 -.15 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F +F4(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 592.8 R .578(xpression i\ +s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F +(guments)-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 604.8 R(The)6.333 E F1<ad61>3.833 +E F0(and)3.833 E F1<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.332 +(operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 +(three ar)180 616.8 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 +F .558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F +.558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F +(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180 +628.8 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52 +(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02 +F(ar)180 640.8 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 +2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 +(gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E +(wise, the e)180 652.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 +664.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385(If the \214rst ar)180 676.8 R +.385(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.885 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385 +(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .384(tion of the three-ar) +.05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.647 +(posed of the remaining ar)180 688.8 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F +1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 +G(luated).25 E(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 +700.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 +E(19)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 20 20 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 -(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E 2.5(0a)144 -84 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e)180 96 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E -(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 108 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 120 Q -(xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 -E 2.5(2a)144 132 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)180 -144 R .37(gument is)-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C -.37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 -F .37(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 156 R .38 -(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 -168 Q .553(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552 -(the e)2.802 F .552(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F -.552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 180 Q -(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 192 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .023(If the second ar)180 204 R .023 -(gument is one of the binary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F -.324 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CON-)2.524 E(DITION)180 216 Q 1.478 -(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F3(,)A F0 1.477(the result of the e)3.727 F 1.477 -(xpression is the result of the binary test)-.15 F .513 -(using the \214rst and third ar)180 228 R .513(guments as operands.)-.18 -F(The)5.513 E F1<ad61>3.013 E F0(and)3.013 E F1<ad6f>3.013 E F0 .513 -(operators are considered)3.013 F .972 -(binary operators when there are three ar)180 240 R 3.472(guments. If) --.18 F .972(the \214rst ar)3.472 F .972(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.472 E F0 -3.472(,t)C .972(he v)-3.472 F .972(alue is)-.25 F .883(the ne)180 252 R --.05(ga)-.15 G .883(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 E .884 -(gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 3.384(guments. If)-.18 -F .884(the \214rst)3.384 F(ar)180 264 Q .875(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly) --.15 E F1(\()3.375 E F0 .875(and the third ar)3.375 F .875(gument is e) --.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))3.375 E F0 3.374(,t)C .874 -(he result is the one-ar)-3.374 F(gument)-.18 E(test of the second ar) -180 276 Q 2.5(gument. Otherwise,)-.18 F(the e)2.5 E(xpression is f)-.15 -E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 288 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .384 -(If the \214rst ar)180 300 R .384(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.884 E F0 2.885 -(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .385 -(tion of the three-ar).05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385(xpression com-) --.15 F 1.648(posed of the remaining ar)180 312 R 4.147 -(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647 -(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E -(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 324 Q -.15(ve) --.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 336 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18 -E 1.635(The e)180 348 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va) --.25 G 1.635(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F -(abo)180 360 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(times)108 376.8 Q F0 1.229(Pri\ -nt the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processe\ -s run from the shell.)13.23 F(The return status is 0.)144 388.8 Q F1 -(trap)108 405.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E/F4 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F4(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.702(The command)144 417.6 R F4(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 .702 -(is to be read and e)3.422 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 -(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.203(ss).15 G -(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F4(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G(f)-5.703 E F4 -(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609(absent \(and there is a single) -144 429.6 R F4(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E +(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E 2.5(5o)144 +84 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 96 R +1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 +(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 108 +Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 126 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(test)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0 +(and)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E +(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 142.8 Q F0 +1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ + processes run from the shell.)13.23 F(The return status is 0.)144 154.8 +Q F1(trap)108 171.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E +.703(The command)144 183.6 R F2(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 .703 +(is to be read and e)3.423 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 +(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.202(ss).15 G +(ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F2(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G(f)-5.702 E F2 +(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.422 E .608(absent \(and there is a single) +144 195.6 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E F0 3.108(,e)C .608 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -.658(\(the v)144 441.6 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) --.25 F(If)5.658 E F4(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 -(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F4(sigspec) -144.34 453.6 Q F0 .581 -(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F4(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58 -(is not present and)3.3 F F1<ad70>3.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 -(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 465.6 R -F4(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 -F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 477.6 R F1<ad70>3.36 +.659(\(the v)144 207.6 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +-.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658 +(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec) +144.34 219.6 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) +3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E +F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F1<ad70>3.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215 +(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 231.6 R +F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214 +F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 243.6 R F1<ad70>3.36 E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 -(signal. The)144 489.6 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ -to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F -4.311(bers. Each)144 501.6 R F4(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F4(signal.h)A F0 1.81 -(>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E -(names are case insensiti)144 513.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -(nd the SIG pre\214x is optional.).15 E 1.648(If a)144 531.6 R F4 -(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F2(EXIT)4.148 E F0 1.648 -(\(0\) the command)3.898 F F4(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.649(xit from the shell.)-.15 F -1.649(If a)6.649 F F4(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F2(DEB)144 543.6 Q -(UG)-.09 E F3(,)A F0 1.168(the command)3.418 F F4(ar)3.998 E(g)-.37 E F0 -1.168(is e)3.888 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve) --.25 G(ry).15 E F4 1.167(simple command)3.667 F F0(,)A F4(for)3.667 E F0 -(command,)3.667 E F4(case)3.667 E F0(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 555.6 Q F4 -(select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e)2.646 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146 -(ry arithmetic).15 F F4(for)2.646 E F0 .147 -(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .147 -(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 567.6 R F2 .146 -(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 -F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0 -.145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 579.6 Q F1(shopt)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7 -(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E(UG) --.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F4(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E F2 -(RETURN)3.2 E F3(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 591.6 Q F4(ar) -3.474 E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 +(signal. The)144 255.6 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ +to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31 +(bers. Each)144 267.6 R F2(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.811 +(>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E +(names are case insensiti)144 279.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.649 +(If a)144 297.6 R F2(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(EXIT)4.149 E F0 +1.649(\(0\) the command)3.899 F F2(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e) +4.369 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.648(xit from the shell.) +-.15 F 1.648(If a)6.648 F F2(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(DEB)144 +309.6 Q(UG)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.167(the command)3.417 F +F2(ar)3.997 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.167(is e)3.887 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167 +(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.168(simple command) +3.667 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.668 E F0(command,)3.668 E F2(case)3.668 E F0 +(com-)3.668 E(mand,)144 321.6 Q F2(select)2.647 E F0 .147(command, e) +2.647 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .147(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)2.647 E F0 .146 +(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 +(cutes in a).15 F .145(shell function \(see)144 333.6 R F3 .145 +(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.645 F F0(abo)2.395 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 +F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.646 E(ug)-.2 E F0 +.146(option to)2.646 F(the)144 345.6 Q F1(shopt)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201 +G .7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E +(UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F2(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E +F3(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .7(the com-)2.95 F(mand)144 357.6 Q F2(ar) +3.473 E(g)-.37 E F0 .643(is e)3.363 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 (cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.643(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F1(sour)3.143 E(ce) --.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 603.6 Q -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuting.).15 E .928(If a)144 621.6 R F4(sigspec)3.768 E F0(is) -3.738 E F2(ERR)3.429 E F3(,)A F0 .929(the command)3.179 F F4(ar)3.759 E +.644(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.144 E F0(or)3.144 E F1(sour)3.144 E(ce) +-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.144 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 369.6 Q -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuting.).15 E .929(If a)144 387.6 R F2(sigspec)3.769 E F0(is) +3.739 E F3(ERR)3.429 E F4(,)A F0 .929(the command)3.179 F F2(ar)3.759 E (g)-.37 E F0 .929(is e)3.649 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .929(cuted whene).15 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.429(ras).15 G .929(imple command has a non\255zero) --3.429 F -.15(ex)144 633.6 S 1.009(it status, subject to the follo).15 F -1.009(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)6.009 E F2(ERR)3.509 E F0 1.009 -(trap is not e)3.259 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.008(cuted if the f).15 F 1.008 +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.429(ras).15 G .928(imple command has a non\255zero) +-3.429 F -.15(ex)144 399.6 S 1.008(it status, subject to the follo).15 F +1.009(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)6.009 E F3(ERR)3.509 E F0 1.009 +(trap is not e)3.259 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.009(cuted if the f).15 F 1.009 (ailed com-)-.1 F .324 -(mand is part of the command list immediately follo)144 645.6 R .324 +(mand is part of the command list immediately follo)144 411.6 R .324 (wing a)-.25 F F1(while)2.824 E F0(or)2.824 E F1(until)2.824 E F0 -.1 -(ke)2.824 G(yw)-.05 E .324(ord, part of the test)-.1 F 1.129(in an)144 -657.6 R F4(if)3.639 E F0 1.129(statement, part of a command e)5.589 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.129(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.629 E F0(or)3.629 E/F5 10 -/Symbol SF<efef>3.629 E F0 1.129(list, or if the command')3.629 F 3.628 -(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.628 E -.25(va)144 669.6 S(lue is being in).25 E -.15 -(ve)-.4 G(rted via).15 E F1(!)2.5 E F0 5(.T)C -(hese are the same conditions obe)-5 E(yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E -(exit)-.18 E F0(option.)2.5 E 1.095 +(ke)2.824 G(yw)-.05 E .324(ord, part of the test)-.1 F .151(in an)144 +423.6 R F2(if)2.661 E F0 .151(statement, part of a command e)4.611 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .151(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)2.651 E F0(or)2.651 E F1(||) +2.651 E F0 .151(list, or if the command')2.651 F 2.651(sr)-.55 G .151 +(eturn v)-2.651 F(alue)-.25 E(is being in)144 435.6 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G +(rted via).15 E F1(!)2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(hese are the same conditions obe)-5 +E(yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(option.)2.5 E 1.095 (Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 -687.6 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 -(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 699.6 R .662 -(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .661(vironment when one is) --.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 711.6 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an) --.1 E(y)-.15 E F4(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.0) -72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(19)198.725 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 20 20 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 -(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(type)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi) -144 96 S .173(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 -E F2(name)3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 -(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F -F1<ad74>144 108 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F1(type)3.343 E F0 +453.6 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 +(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 465.6 R .662 +(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .662(vironment when one is) +-.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 477.6 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an) +-.1 E(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108 +494.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 506.4 S .174 +(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F2(name) +3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173 +(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F +F1<ad74>144 518.4 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F1(type)3.342 E F0 .843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0 -(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F2 -(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F2(name)144.36 120 Q F0 .086 -(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086 -(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F2 -(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119 -(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 132 R .118 -(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F -F1<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F1(type)2.618 E F0 .855 -(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 144 R .855 +(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F2 +(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F2(name)144.36 530.4 Q F0 .087 +(is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087 +(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F2 +(name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118 +(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 542.4 R .118 +(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F +F1<ad70>2.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F1(type)2.619 E F0 .855 +(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 554.4 R .855 (ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0 -.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if) -144 156 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141 G -.641(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E F1 -<ad50>3.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666 -(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(search for each)144 168 R F2(name)2.612 E -F0 2.612(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F3 .113 -(type -t name)2.613 F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2 -(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I).18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113 -(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F1<ad70>2.613 E F0(and)144 180 Q F1<ad50> -2.945 E F0 .445(print the hashed v)2.945 F .444 -(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 F F4 --.666(PA)2.944 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .444(If the) -4.944 F F1<ad61>2.944 E F0(option)2.944 E .265(is used,)144 192 R F1 -(type)2.765 E F0 .265(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .265(cutable named).15 F F2(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 -G .265(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .427 -(and functions, if and only if the)144 204 R F1<ad70>2.926 E F0 .426 -(option is not also used.)2.926 F .426 -(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .548(consulted when using) -144 216 R F1<ad61>3.048 E F0 5.548(.T)C(he)-5.548 E F1<ad66>3.048 E F0 -.549(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.048 F F1 -(command)3.049 E F0 -.2(bu)144 228 S(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5 E F0 +.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64(mand name, or nothing if)144 +566.4 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641 +(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F1 +<ad50>3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F F3 -.666(PA)3.141 G(TH) +-.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 578.4 R F2(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e) +C -.15(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F5 .113(type -t name)2.613 +F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113 +(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112(command is hashed,)-.001 F F1<ad70> +2.612 E F0(and)144 590.4 Q F1<ad50>2.944 E F0 .444(print the hashed v) +2.944 F .444(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in) +-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.945 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .445(If the)4.945 F F1 +<ad61>2.945 E F0(option)2.945 E .265(is used,)144 602.4 R F1(type)2.765 +E F0 .265(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .265(cutable named).15 F F2(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 G .265 +(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .426(and functions, if and only if the) +144 614.4 R F1<ad70>2.926 E F0 .426(option is not also used.)2.926 F +.427(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .549 +(consulted when using)144 626.4 R F1<ad61>3.049 E F0 5.549(.T)C(he) +-5.549 E F1<ad66>3.049 E F0 .548 +(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.049 F F1 +(command)3.048 E F0 -.2(bu)144 638.4 S(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5 E F0 (returns true if all of the ar)2.5 E(guments are found, f)-.18 E -(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F1(ulimit)108 244.8 +(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F1(ulimit)108 655.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 256.8 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 +(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 667.2 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.943(that allo)144 268.8 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F -(The)5.943 E F1<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944 +.944(that allo)144 679.2 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F +(The)5.944 E F1<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 280.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208 +144 691.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 (hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ -ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 292.8 R .425 -(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F1<ad48>2.926 E -F0(nor)2.926 E F1<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426 -(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 -304.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 +ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 703.2 R .426 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F1<ad48>2.925 E +F0(nor)2.925 E F1<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425 +(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 +715.2 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.741(of the special v)144 316.8 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F1 +.742(of the special v)144 727.2 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1 (soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) -C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78 -(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 328.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E -5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 +C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F +(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(20)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 21 21 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 +(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .78 +(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 84 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 (is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 -F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 340.8 R F1<ad48>2.999 E F0 -.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499 -(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F -(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 352.8 Q 2.5 -(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 -<ad61>144 364.8 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F1<ad62>144 -376.8 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E -F1<ad63>144 388.8 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E -F1<ad64>144 400.8 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd) --.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 412.8 Q F0 -(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1<ad66>144 424.8 Q -F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children) -26.97 E F1<ad69>144 436.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals) -27.52 E F1<ad6c>144 448.8 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E -(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 460.8 Q F0 +F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 96 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +<ad48>2.999 E F0 .499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When) +.15 F .498(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F +(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 108 Q 2.5(alue. Other) +-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2<ad61>144 120 +Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F2<ad62>144 132 Q F0 +(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E F2<ad63> +144 144 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E F2<ad64> +144 156 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G +(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F2<ad65>144 168 Q F0 +(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F2<ad66>144 180 Q F0 +(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)26.97 +E F2<ad69>144 192 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)27.52 E F2 +<ad6c>144 204 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E +(ed into memory)-.1 E F2<ad6d>144 216 Q F0 (The maximum resident set size \(man)21.97 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G -(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 472.8 Q F0 .791(Th\ -e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) -24.74 F 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F(be set\))180 -484.8 Q F1<ad70>144 496.8 Q F0 -(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F1 -<ad71>144 508.8 Q F0 -(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)24.74 E F1<ad72>144 -520.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)25.86 E F1<ad73>144 -532.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1<ad74>144 544.8 Q F0 -(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1<ad75>144 556.8 Q -F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 568.8 Q F0 -(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable to the shell).25 E F1<ad78>144 580.8 Q F0 -(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F1<ad54>144 592.8 Q F0 -(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 609.6 Q F2(limit)2.933 E -F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .343(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843 -(wv)-.25 G .343(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F1<ad61> -2.843 E F0 .343(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F -.176(option is gi)144 621.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .176(n, then).15 F F1<ad66> -2.676 E F0 .175(is assumed.)2.676 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175 -(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .175(xcept for)-.15 F F1 -<ad74>2.675 E F0 2.675(,w)C .175(hich is in)-2.675 F(seconds,)144 633.6 -Q F1<ad70>2.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015 -(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.515 F F1<ad54>2.516 E F0(,) -A F1<ad62>2.516 E F0(,)A F1<ad6e>2.516 E F0 2.516(,a)C(nd)-2.516 E F1 +(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F2<ad6e>144 228 Q F0 .791(The \ +maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) +24.74 F 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F +(be set\))180 240 Q F2<ad70>144 252 Q F0 +(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F2 +<ad71>144 264 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues) +24.74 E F2<ad72>144 276 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority) +25.86 E F2<ad73>144 288 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F2<ad74>144 +300 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F2<ad75>144 +312 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable to a single user).25 E F2<ad76>144 324 Q F0 .47 +(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 F -.25(va)-.2 G .47 +(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 336 +Q F2<ad78>144 348 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F2 +<ad54>144 360 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 376.8 Q +F1(limit)2.933 E F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .343 +(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843(wv)-.25 G .343 +(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F2<ad61>2.843 E F0 .343 +(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F .176(option is gi) +144 388.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .176(n, then).15 F F2<ad66>2.676 E F0 .175 +(is assumed.)2.676 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175 +(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .175(xcept for)-.15 F F2 +<ad74>2.675 E F0 2.675(,w)C .175(hich is in)-2.675 F(seconds,)144 400.8 +Q F2<ad70>2.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015 +(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.515 F F2<ad54>2.516 E F0(,) +A F2<ad62>2.516 E F0(,)A F2<ad6e>2.516 E F0 2.516(,a)C(nd)-2.516 E F2 <ad75>2.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016(hich are unscaled v)-2.516 F(al-)-.25 E -3.788(ues. The)144 645.6 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F +3.788(ues. The)144 412.8 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.287(lid option or ar).25 F 1.287 (gument is supplied, or an error occurs)-.18 F(while setting a ne)144 -657.6 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 674.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2 -(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 686.4 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 -5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 +424.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F2(umask)108 441.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 +<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2 +(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 453.6 R F1(mode)2.7 E F0 +5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F1(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ -pted by)144 698.4 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -710.4 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 -(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382 +pted by)144 465.6 R F1 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 +477.6 Q F1(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 +(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F2<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 -(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 722.4 R .547 +(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 489.6 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G -(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F -(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(20)198.725 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 21 21 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 -(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(mode)144.38 84 Q F0 .551 +(he)-3.047 E F2<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F1 +(mode)144.38 501.6 Q F0 .551 (is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 -F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 96 Q +F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 513.6 Q (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F1(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E -(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(unalias)108 112.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 124.8 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach) -.15 E F1(name)4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 -F(If)6.655 E F2<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655 -(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 F(remo)144 136.8 Q -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E +(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F2 +(unalias)108 530.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 542.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F1(name) +4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E +F2<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 +F(remo)144 554.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E (alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F1(name)2.86 E F0 -(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F2(unset)108 153.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2 -(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 165.6 S 3.106 +(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F2(unset)108 571.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2 +(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 583.2 S 3.106 (re).15 G(ach)-3.106 E F1(name)3.106 E F0 3.106(,r).18 G(emo)-3.106 E .906 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .606(he corresponding v).15 F .607 (ariable or function.)-.25 F .607(If no options are supplied, or the) -5.607 F F2<ad76>144 177.6 Q F0 .305(option is gi)2.805 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +5.607 F F2<ad76>144 595.2 Q F0 .305(option is gi)2.805 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .305(n, each).15 F F1(name)3.165 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F 2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .304 -(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.304 E F2<ad66>144 189.6 Q F0 .459 +(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.304 E F2<ad66>144 607.2 Q F0 .459 (is speci\214ed, each)2.959 F F1(name)3.319 E F0 .459 (refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.139 -F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.96(d. Each).15 F .903(unset v)144 201.6 R .903 +F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.96(d. Each).15 F .903(unset v)144 619.2 R .903 (ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.402(df).15 G .902 (rom the en)-3.402 F .902(vironment passed to subsequent commands.)-.4 F -(If)5.902 E(an)144 213.6 Q 6.915(yo)-.15 G(f)-6.915 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +(If)5.902 E(an)144 631.2 Q 6.915(yo)-.15 G(f)-6.915 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)6.915 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM) 6.665 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)6.665 E F4(,)A F3(LINENO)6.665 E F4(,)A F3 (HISTCMD)6.666 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)6.666 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)144 -225.6 Q(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.523 E F3(DIRST)2.773 E -.495(AC)-.81 +643.2 Q(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.523 E F3(DIRST)2.773 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 .272(are unset, the)2.522 F 2.772(yl)-.15 G .272 (ose their special properties, e)-2.772 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.772(ni).15 G 2.772(ft)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E 2.772(ya)-.15 G .272(re subsequently) --2.772 F 2.5(reset. The)144 237.6 R -.15(ex)2.5 G +-2.772 F 2.5(reset. The)144 655.2 R -.15(ex)2.5 G (it status is true unless a).15 E F1(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E -(.)-.65 E F2(wait)108 254.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 2.5(n.)C(..)-2.5 E F0(])A --.8(Wa)144 266.4 S .288 +(.)-.65 E F2(wait)108 672 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 2.5(n.)C(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8 +(Wa)144 684 S .288 (it for each speci\214ed process and return its termination status.).8 F (Each)5.288 E F1(n)3.148 E F0 .288(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722 -(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 278.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -.722(n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.222(sp)-.55 G .722 -(ipeline are w)-3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E -F1(n)3.582 E F0(is)3.462 E 1.265(not gi)144 290.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.265 +(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 696 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .722 +(n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.222(sp)-.55 G .722(ipeline are w) +-3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E F1(n)3.582 E F0 +(is)3.462 E 1.265(not gi)144 708 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.265 (n, all currently acti).15 F 1.565 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.265 (hild processes are w).15 F 1.265(aited for)-.1 F 3.765(,a)-.4 G 1.266 (nd the return status is zero.)-3.765 F(If)6.266 E F1(n)4.126 E F0 .457 -(speci\214es a non-e)144 302.4 R .457 +(speci\214es a non-e)144 720 R .457 (xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F .457 -(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 314.4 S -(it status of the last process or job w).15 E(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E -/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 331.2 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108 -343.2 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(21)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q +(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(21)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 22 22 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 +(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E -.15(ex)144 +84 S(it status of the last process or job w).15 E(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 +E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 100.8 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108 +112.8 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(22)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Trailer end %%EOF diff --git a/doc/rbash.0 b/doc/rbash.0 index eb06220..ebd414c 100644 --- a/doc/rbash.0 +++ b/doc/rbash.0 @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL +o specifying a file name containing a // as an argument to the .. builtin command - +o Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the + +o specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the --pp option to the hhaasshh builtin command +o importing function definitions from the shell environment at @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL +o adding or deleting builtin commands with the --ff and --dd options to the eennaabbllee builtin command - +o Using the eennaabbllee builtin command to enable disabled shell + +o using the eennaabbllee builtin command to enable disabled shell builtins +o specifying the --pp option to the ccoommmmaanndd builtin command diff --git a/doc/rbash.ps b/doc/rbash.ps index 518087d..be68b20 100644 --- a/doc/rbash.ps +++ b/doc/rbash.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.19.2 -%%CreationDate: Wed Dec 30 13:07:37 2009 +%%CreationDate: Tue Dec 28 14:30:24 2010 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.19 2 @@ -247,10 +247,10 @@ G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(ENV)2.25 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.25 E F3 -.27(BA)2.5 G (pecifying command names containing)-32.5 E F2(/)2.5 E F0 32.5<8373>108 216 S(pecifying a \214le name containing a)-32.5 E F2(/)2.5 E F0 (as an ar)2.5 E(gument to the)-.18 E F2(.)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)5 G -(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8353>108 232.8 S .351 -(pecifying a \214lename containing a slash as an ar)-32.5 F .351 -(gument to the)-.18 F F2<ad70>2.851 E F0 .351(option to the)2.851 F F2 -(hash)2.851 E F0 -.2(bu)2.851 G .351(iltin com-).2 F(mand)144 244.8 Q +(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8373>108 232.8 S .45 +(pecifying a \214lename containing a slash as an ar)-32.5 F .449 +(gument to the)-.18 F F2<ad70>2.949 E F0 .449(option to the)2.949 F F2 +(hash)2.949 E F0 -.2(bu)2.949 G .449(iltin com-).2 F(mand)144 244.8 Q 32.5<8369>108 261.6 S(mporting function de\214nitions from the shell en) -32.5 E(vironment at startup)-.4 E 32.5<8370>108 278.4 S(arsing the v) -32.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(SHELLOPTS)2.5 E F0(from the shell en)2.25 E @@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ ng the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirection operators)-32.5 E 32.5 (iltin command to replace the shell with another command).2 E 32.5<8361> 108 328.8 S(dding or deleting b)-32.5 E(uiltin commands with the)-.2 E F2<ad66>2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2<ad64>2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F2 -(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8355>108 345.6 S +(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8375>108 345.6 S (sing the)-32.5 E F2(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin command to enable disabled shell b).2 E(uiltins)-.2 E 32.5<8373> 108 362.4 S(pecifying the)-32.5 E F2<ad70>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E diff --git a/doc/version.texi b/doc/version.texi index 80a2209..b6c492e 100644 --- a/doc/version.texi +++ b/doc/version.texi @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ @ignore -Copyright (C) 1988-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright (C) 1988-2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @end ignore -@set LASTCHANGE Wed Dec 23 16:29:41 EST 2009 +@set LASTCHANGE Tue Dec 28 13:41:22 EST 2010 -@set EDITION 4.1 -@set VERSION 4.1 -@set UPDATED 23 December 2009 -@set UPDATED-MONTH December 2009 +@set EDITION 4.2 +@set VERSION 4.2 +@set UPDATED 28 December 2010 +@set UPDATED-MONTH December 2010 |